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Tayanloo-Beik A, Eslami A, Sarvari M, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaeinejad M, Nikandish M, Faridfar A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stem cells: a deadly duo in tumor progression. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1411736. [PMID: 39091989 PMCID: PMC11291337 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1411736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is increasing, with estimates suggesting that there will be 26 million new cases and 17 million deaths per year by 2030. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key to the resistance and advancement of cancer. They play a crucial role in tumor dynamics and resistance to therapy. CSCs, initially discovered in acute myeloid leukemia, are well-known for their involvement in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse, mostly because of their distinct characteristics, such as resistance to drugs and the ability to self-renew. EVs, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have a significant impact on cellular behaviors and contribute to genetic and epigenetic changes. This paper analyzes the mutually beneficial association between CSCs and EVs, emphasizing their role in promoting tumor spread and developing resistance mechanisms. This review aims to investigate the interaction between these entities in order to discover new approaches for attacking the complex machinery of cancer cells. It highlights the significance of CSCs and EVs as crucial targets in the advancement of novel cancer treatments, which helps stimulate additional research, promote progress in ideas for cancer treatment, and provide renewed optimism in the effort to reduce the burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Eslami
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Aja University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Leng X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wang J, Ding N, Yu Y, Sun S, Dai W, Xue X, Li N, Yang Y, Shi Z. Non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets in cancer and its clinical application. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100947. [PMID: 39149142 PMCID: PMC11325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomics has led to the discovery of numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in cancer development and progression. Oncogenes promote cell growth and proliferation, whereas tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth and division. The dysregulation of these genes can lead to the development of cancer. Recent studies have focused on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), as therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we discuss the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes of ncRNAs associated with different types of cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these genes and their clinical applications in cancer treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying specific therapeutic targets are essential steps towards the development of effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yujing Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yancheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanliang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weichen Dai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nianguang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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3
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Gholamzad A, Khakpour N, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Koohpar ZK, Matinahmadi A, Jebali A, Rashidi M, Hashemi M, Sadi FH, Gholamzad M. Cancer stem cells: The important role of CD markers, Signaling pathways, and MicroRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155227. [PMID: 38490099 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, a subset of small cancer cells identified in acute myeloid leukemia has been termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). These cells are notorious for their robust proliferation, self-renewal abilities, significant tumor-forming potential, spread, and resistance to treatments. CSCs are a global concern, as it found in numerous types of cancer, posing a real-world challenge today. Our review encompasses research on key CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNA in three types of cancer: breast, colon, and liver. These factors play a critical role in either promoting or inhibiting cancer cell growth. The reviewed studies have shown that as cells undergo malignant transformation, there can be an increase or decrease in the expression of different Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers on their surface. Furthermore, alterations in essential signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch1, may impact CSC proliferation, survival, and movement, while also providing potential targets for cancer therapies. Additionally, some research has focused on MicroRNAs due to their dual role as potential therapeutic biomarkers and their ability to enhance CSCs' response to anti-cancer drugs. MicroRNAs also regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs, and influence gene transcription. Thus, these studies indicate that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the malignancy of various tumors. Although the gathered information suggests that specific CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNAs are influential in determining the destiny of cancer cells and could be advantageous for therapeutic strategies, their precise roles and impacts remain incompletely defined, necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tonekabon Branch,Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Arash Matinahmadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus,Torun,Poland
| | - Ali Jebali
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Deprtment of Medical Nanotechnology,Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology,Tehran Medical Sciences,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Essongo FE, Mvogo A, Ben-Bolie GH. Dynamics of a diffusive model for cancer stem cells with time delay in microRNA-differentiated cancer cell interactions and radiotherapy effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5295. [PMID: 38438408 PMCID: PMC10912232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understand the dynamics of cancer stem cells (CSCs), prevent the non-recurrence of cancers and develop therapeutic strategies to destroy both cancer cells and CSCs remain a challenge topic. In this paper, we study both analytically and numerically the dynamics of CSCs under radiotherapy effects. The dynamical model takes into account the diffusion of cells, the de-differentiation (or plasticity) mechanism of differentiated cancer cells (DCs) and the time delay on the interaction between microRNAs molecules (microRNAs) with DCs. The stability of the model system is studied by using a Hopf bifurcation analysis. We mainly investigate on the critical time delay τ c , that represents the time for DCs to transform into CSCs after the interaction of microRNAs with DCs. Using the system parameters, we calculate the value of τ c for prostate, lung and breast cancers. To confirm the analytical predictions, the numerical simulations are performed and show the formation of spatiotemporal circular patterns. Such patterns have been found as promising diagnostic and therapeutic value in management of cancer and various diseases. The radiotherapy is applied in the particular case of prostate model. We calculate the optimum dose of radiation and determine the probability of avoiding local cancer recurrence after radiotherapy treatment. We find numerically a complete eradication of patterns when the radiotherapy is applied before a time t < τ c . This scenario induces microRNAs to act as suppressors as experimentally observed in prostate cancer. The results obtained in this paper will provide a better concept for the clinicians and oncologists to understand the complex dynamics of CSCs and to design more efficacious therapeutic strategies to prevent the non-recurrence of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eric Essongo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, Dosimetry and Radiation Protection, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alain Mvogo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Germain Hubert Ben-Bolie
- Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, Dosimetry and Radiation Protection, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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5
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Guo S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Cui S, Zhang C, Chen D. The role of CEMIP in cancers and its transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16930. [PMID: 38390387 PMCID: PMC10883155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CEMIP is a protein known for inducing cell migration and binding to hyaluronic acid. Functioning as a hyaluronidase, CEMIP primarily facilitates the breakdown of the extracellular matrix component, hyaluronic acid, thereby regulating various signaling pathways. Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of CEMIP in different cancers, associating it with diverse pathological states. While identified as a biomarker for several diseases, CEMIP's mechanism in cancer seems distinct. Accumulating data suggests that CEMIP expression is triggered by chemical modifications to itself and other influencing factors. Transcriptionally, chemical alterations to the CEMIP promoter and involvement of transcription factors such as AP-1, HIF, and NF-κB regulate CEMIP levels. Similarly, specific miRNAs have been found to post-transcriptionally regulate CEMIP. This review provides a comprehensive summary of CEMIP's role in various cancers and explores how both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms control its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Dahu Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
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6
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Zhao Q, Li D, Feng J, Jinsihan D. MiR-600 mediates EZH2/RUNX3 signal axis to modulate breast cancer cell viability and sorafenib sensitivity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23613. [PMID: 38229326 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) ranks as the most prevalent gynecologic tumor globally. Abnormal expression of miRNAs is concerned with the development of cancers such as BC. However, little is known about the role of miR-600 in BC. This work aimed to explore the role of miR-600 in the malignant progression and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells. Expression and interaction of miR-600/EZH2/RUNX3 were analyzed by bioinformatics. qRT-PCR was utilized to assay RNA expression of miR-600 and mRNA expression of EZH2/RUNX3. The binding relationship between miR-600 and EZH2 was tested by dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). The effects of miR-600/EZH2/RUNX3 axis on the malignant behavior and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells were detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Low expression of miR-600 and RUNX3 in BC was found by bioinformatics and molecular assays. High expression of EZH2 in BC was negatively correlated with RUVX3. Dual luciferase assay and RIP demonstrated that MiR-600 could bind to EZH2. Cell assays displayed that miR-600 knockdown could foster the malignant progression of BC cells and reduce the sensitivity of BC cells to sorafenib. EZH2 knockdown or RUNX3 overexpression could offset the effect of miR-600 inhibitor on the malignant behavior and sorafenib sensitivity of BC cells. MiR-600 can hinder the malignant behavior of BC cells and foster sensitivity of BC cells to sorafenib via EZH2/RUNX3 axis, exhibiting the miR-600/EZH2/RUNX3 axis as a feasible therapeutic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinchun Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilixiati Jinsihan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
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7
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Feng T, Zhou Q, Tian X. Circadian clock and lipid metabolism disorders: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292011. [PMID: 38189049 PMCID: PMC10770836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the interaction between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, particularly in relation to tumors. This review aims to explore how the circadian clock regulates lipid metabolism and its impact on carcinogenesis. Specifically, targeting key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis (SREBP, ACLY, ACC, FASN, and SCD) has been identified as a potential strategy for cancer therapy. By disrupting these enzymes, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth by interfering with lipid metabolism. Transcription factors, like SREBP play a significant role in regulating fatty acid synthesis which is influenced by circadian clock genes such as BMAL1, REV-ERB and DEC. This suggests a strong connection between fatty acid synthesis and the circadian clock. Therefore, successful combination therapy should target fatty acid synthesis in addition to considering the timing and duration of drug use. Ultimately, personalized chronotherapy can enhance drug efficacy in cancer treatment and achieve treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Feng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mechanism of Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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8
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Guo Z, Huo X, Li X, Jiang C, Xue L. Advances in regulation and function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in cancer, from bench to bed. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2773-2785. [PMID: 37450239 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The expression of SCD1 is increased in many cancers, and the altered expression contributes to the proliferation, invasion, sternness and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Recently, more evidence has been reported to further support the important role of SCD1 in cancer, and the regulation mechanism of SCD1 has also been focused. Multiple factors are involved in the regulation of SCD1, including metabolism, diet, tumor microenvironment, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and epigenetics modification. Moreover, SCD1 is found to be involved in regulating ferroptosis resistance. Based on these findings, SCD1 has been considered as a potential target for cancer treatment. However, the resistance of SCD1 inhibition may occur in certain tumors due to tumor heterogeneity and metabolic plasticity. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation and function of SCD1 in tumors and discusses the potential clinical application of targeting SCD1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Guo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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9
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Nogueras Pérez R, Heredia-Nicolás N, de Lara-Peña L, López de Andrés J, Marchal JA, Jiménez G, Griñán-Lisón C. Unraveling the Potential of miRNAs from CSCs as an Emerging Clinical Tool for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16010. [PMID: 37958993 PMCID: PMC10647353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cancer globally. Significant advances in BC research have led to improved early detection and effective therapies. One of the key challenges in BC is the presence of BC stem cells (BCSCs). This small subpopulation within the tumor possesses unique characteristics, including tumor-initiating capabilities, contributes to treatment resistance, and plays a role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of BCSCs, which can modulate gene expression and influence cellular processes like BCSCs' self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor-promoting pathways. Understanding the miRNA signatures of BCSCs holds great promise for improving BC diagnosis and prognosis. By targeting BCSCs and their associated miRNAs, researchers aim to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies that may offer better outcomes for BC patients, minimizing tumor recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, the investigation of miRNAs as regulators of BCSCs opens new directions for advancing BC research through the use of bioinformatics and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent and innovative studies and clinical trials on the role of BCSCs miRNAs as potential tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nogueras Pérez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Noelia Heredia-Nicolás
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Laura de Lara-Peña
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julia López de Andrés
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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10
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Puppo M, Valluru MK, Croset M, Ceresa D, Iuliani M, Khan A, Wicinski J, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Pantano F, Ottewell PD, Clézardin P. MiR-662 is associated with metastatic relapse in early-stage breast cancer and promotes metastasis by stimulating cancer cell stemness. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:754-771. [PMID: 37443350 PMCID: PMC10449914 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) metastasis, which often occurs in bone, contributes substantially to mortality. MicroRNAs play a fundamental role in BC metastasis, although microRNA-regulated mechanisms driving metastasis progression remain poorly understood. METHODS MiRome analysis in serum from BC patients was performed by TaqMan™ low-density array. MiR-662 was overexpressed following MIMIC-transfection or lentivirus transduction. Animal models were used to investigate the role of miR-662 in BC (bone) metastasis. The effect of miR-662-overexpressing BC cell conditioned medium on osteoclastogenesis was investigated. ALDEFLUOR assays were performed to study BC stemness. RNA-sequencing transcriptomic analysis of miR-662-overexpressing BC cells was performed to evaluate gene expression changes. RESULTS High levels of hsa-miR-662 (miR-662) in serum from BC patients, at baseline (time of surgery), were associated with future recurrence in bone. At an early-stage of the metastatic disease, miR-662 could mask the presence of BC metastases in bone by inhibiting the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Nonetheless, metastatic miR-662-overexpressing BC cells then progressed as overt osteolytic metastases thanks to increased stem cell-like traits. CONCLUSIONS MiR-662 is involved in BC metastasis progression, suggesting it may be used as a prognostic marker to identify BC patients at high risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Manoj Kumar Valluru
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martine Croset
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Davide Ceresa
- IRCCS AOU San Martino, Università degli studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Ashrin Khan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julien Wicinski
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Penelope Dawn Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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11
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Joshi G, Basu A. Epigenetic control of cell signalling in cancer stem cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:67-88. [PMID: 38359971 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent one of the distinct cell populations occurring in a tumour that can differentiate into multiple lineages. This group of sparsely abundant cells play a vital role in tumour survival and resistance to different treatments during cancer. The lack of exclusive markers associated with CSCs makes diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients extremely difficult. This calls for the identification of unique regulators and markers for CSCs. Various signalling pathways like the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and TGFβ/BMP play a major role in the regulation and maintenance of CSCs. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms add another layer of complexity to control these signalling pathways. In this chapter, we discuss about the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the cellular signalling pathways in CSCs. The epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs can modulate the diverse effectors of signalling pathways and consequently the growth, differentiation and tumorigenicity of CSCs. In the end, we briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these epigenetic regulators and their target genes in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Amitava Basu
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Min JY, Kim DH. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 as a Therapeutic Biomarker: Focusing on Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108951. [PMID: 37240297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of lipid metabolism and alterations in the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been implicated in cancer progression and stemness. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme involved in lipid desaturation, is crucial in regulating this ratio and has been identified as an important regulator of cancer cell survival and progression. SCD1 converts SFAs into MUFAs and is important for maintaining membrane fluidity, cellular signaling, and gene expression. Many malignancies, including cancer stem cells, have been reported to exhibit high expression of SCD1. Therefore, targeting SCD1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In addition, the involvement of SCD1 in cancer stem cells has been observed in various types of cancer. Some natural products have the potential to inhibit SCD1 expression/activity, thereby suppressing cancer cell survival and self-renewal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hashemi M, Hasani S, Hajimazdarany S, Ghadyani F, Olyaee Y, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Dehghanpour A, Salehi H, Kakavand A, Goharrizi MASB, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Akbari ME, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K, Entezari M. Biological functions and molecular interactions of Wnt/β-catenin in breast cancer: Revisiting signaling networks. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123377. [PMID: 36702226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle such as physical activity and eating habits have been one of the main reasons for development of various diseases in modern world, especially cancer. However, role of genetic factors in initiation of cancer cannot be ignored and Wnt/β-catenin signaling is such factor that can affect tumor progression. Breast tumor is the most malignant tumor in females and it causes high mortality and morbidity around the world. The survival and prognosis of patients are not still desirable, although there have been advances in introducing new kinds of therapies and diagnosis. The present review provides an update of Wnt/β-catenin function in breast cancer malignancy. The upregulation of Wnt is commonly observed during progression of breast tumor and confirms that tumor cells are dependent on this pathway Wnt/β-catenin induction prevents apoptosis that is of importance for mediating drug resistance. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces DNA damage repair in ameliorating radio-resistance. Wnt/β-catenin enhances proliferation and metastasis of breast tumor. Wnt/β-catenin induces EMT and elevates MMP expression. Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin participates in tumor microenvironment remodeling and due to its tumor-promoting factor, drugs for its suppression have been developed. Different kinds of upstream mediators Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer have been recognized that their targeting is a therapeutic approach. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin can be considered as a biomarker in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Hasani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Olyaee
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khodadadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah Ziyarani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Salehi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Abstract
Intercellular communication by Wnt proteins governs many essential processes during development, tissue homeostasis and disease in all metazoans. Many context-dependent effects are initiated in the Wnt-producing cells and depend on the export of lipidated Wnt proteins. Although much focus has been on understanding intracellular Wnt signal transduction, the cellular machinery responsible for Wnt secretion became better understood only recently. After lipid modification by the acyl-transferase Porcupine, Wnt proteins bind their dedicated cargo protein Evi/Wntless for transport and secretion. Evi/Wntless and Porcupine are conserved transmembrane proteins, and their 3D structures were recently determined. In this Review, we summarise studies and structural data highlighting how Wnts are transported from the ER to the plasma membrane, and the role of SNX3-retromer during the recycling of its cargo receptor Evi/Wntless. We also describe the regulation of Wnt export through a post-translational mechanism and review the importance of Wnt secretion for organ development and cancer, and as a future biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Wolf
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signalling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, BioQuant and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signalling and Functional Genomics and Heidelberg University, BioQuant and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Alvarez-Rodrigo I, Willnow D, Vincent JP. The logistics of Wnt production and delivery. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:1-60. [PMID: 36967191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that control stem cell maintenance, cell fate decisions, and growth during development and adult homeostasis. Wnts carry a post-translational modification not seen in any other secreted protein: during biosynthesis, they are appended with a palmitoleoyl moiety that is required for signaling but also impairs solubility and hence diffusion in the extracellular space. In some contexts, Wnts act only in a juxtacrine manner but there are also instances of long range action. Several proteins and processes ensure that active Wnts reach the appropriate target cells. Some, like Porcupine, Wntless, and Notum are dedicated to Wnt function; we describe their activities in molecular detail. We also outline how the cell infrastructure (secretory, endocytic, and retromer pathways) contribute to the progression of Wnts from production to delivery. We then address how Wnts spread in the extracellular space and form a signaling gradient despite carrying a hydrophobic moiety. We highlight particularly the role of lipid-binding Wnt interactors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Finally, we briefly discuss how evolution might have led to the emergence of this unusual signaling pathway.
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16
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Lee SH, Ng CX, Wong SR, Chong PP. MiRNAs Overexpression and Their Role in Breast Cancer: Implications for Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:484-508. [PMID: 36999414 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230329123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have a plethora of roles in various biological processes in the cells and most human cancers have been shown to be associated with dysregulation of the expression of miRNA genes. MiRNA biogenesis involves two alternative pathways, the canonical pathway which requires the successful cooperation of various proteins forming the miRNA-inducing silencing complex (miRISC), and the non-canonical pathway, such as the mirtrons, simtrons, or agotrons pathway, which bypasses and deviates from specific steps in the canonical pathway. Mature miRNAs are secreted from cells and circulated in the body bound to argonaute 2 (AGO2) and miRISC or transported in vesicles. These miRNAs may regulate their downstream target genes via positive or negative regulation through different molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of miRNAs in different stages of breast cancer progression, including breast cancer stem cell formation, breast cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis as well as angiogenesis. The design, chemical modifications, and therapeutic applications of synthetic anti-sense miRNA oligonucleotides and RNA mimics are also discussed in detail. The strategies for systemic delivery and local targeted delivery of the antisense miRNAs encompass the use of polymeric and liposomal nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, as well as viral vectors and viruslike particles (VLPs). Although several miRNAs have been identified as good candidates for the design of antisense and other synthetic modified oligonucleotides in targeting breast cancer, further efforts are still needed to study the most optimal delivery method in order to drive the research beyond preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Har Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Rachel Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Abulsoud AI, Sallam AAM, Eldeib MG, Elsakka EG, Zaki MB, Doghish AS. Beneficial and detrimental aspects of miRNAs as chief players in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1541-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Panoramic view of microRNAs in regulating cancer stem cells. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:345-358. [PMID: 35996948 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of tumor cells, possessing the abilities of self-renewal and generation of heterogeneous tumor cell lineages. They are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, as well as chemoresistance in human malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play essential roles in various cellular activities including CSC initiation and CSC-related properties. Mature miRNAs with ∼22 nucleotides in length are generated from primary miRNAs via its precursors by miRNA-processing machinery. Extensive studies have demonstrated that mature miRNAs modulate CSC initiation and stemness features by regulating multiple pathways and targeting stemness-related factors. Meanwhile, both miRNA precursors and miRNA-processing machinery can also affect CSC properties, unveiling a new insight into miRNA function. The present review summarizes the roles of mature miRNAs, miRNA precursors, and miRNA-processing machinery in regulating CSC properties with a specific focus on the related molecular mechanisms, and also outlines the potential application of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis, predicting prognosis, as well as clinical therapy.
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19
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Zhang XX, Luo JH, Wu LQ. FN1 overexpression is correlated with unfavorable prognosis and immune infiltrates in breast cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:913659. [PMID: 36035176 PMCID: PMC9417469 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation of fibronectin 1 (FN1) expression with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer (BRCA). Methods: FN1 mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed through Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, and immunohistochemical analysis. The clinicopathological characteristics and genetic factors affecting the FN1 mRNA expression were assessed by various public databases. Then, we analyzed the prognostic value of FN1 in BRCA by Kaplan-Meier plotter, receiver operating characteristic, and Cox regression analyses. Further, the UCSC Xena database was used to retrieve TCGA-BRCA expression profiles for functional enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis. The potential drugs for the BRCA patients with high- FN1 expression were identified using the connectivity map analysis. Results: FN1 was upregulated in BRCA tissues compared with normal tissues. High FN1 mRNA expression was correlated with poor clinical outcomes and had good performance in predicting the survival status of BRCA patients. Further, Cox regression analysis showed that FN1 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting the overall survival of patients with BRCA. Moreover, hypermethylation of FN1 contributed to a better prognosis for BRCA patients. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the ECM-receptor interaction pathway and focal adhesion as the common pathways. Moreover, FN1 showed a significant association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several drugs such as telmisartan, malotilate, and seocalcitol may have therapeutic effects in BRCA patients with high FN1 expression. Conclusion: FN1 might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for BRCA. Besides, the association of FN1 with immune cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide assistance for BRCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Hua Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Qiang Wu,
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20
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Wang L, Jin Z, Master RP, Maharjan CK, Carelock ME, Reccoppa TBA, Kim MC, Kolb R, Zhang W. Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Signaling Pathways, Cellular Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3287. [PMID: 35805056 PMCID: PMC9265870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) constitute a small population of cells within breast cancer and are characterized by their ability to self-renew, differentiate, and recapitulate the heterogeneity of the tumor. Clinically, BCSCs have been correlated with cancer progression, metastasis, relapse, and drug resistance. The tumorigenic roles of BCSCs have been extensively reviewed and will not be the major focus of the current review. Here, we aim to highlight how the crucial intrinsic signaling pathways regulate the fate of BCSCs, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and NF-κB signaling pathways, as well as how different cell populations crosstalk with BCSCs within the TME, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Based on the molecular and cellular activities of BCSCs, we will also summarize the targeting strategies for BCSCs and related clinical trials. This review will highlight that BCSC development in breast cancer is impacted by both BCSC endogenous signaling and external factors in the TME, which provides an insight into how to establish a comprehensively therapeutic strategy to target BCSCs for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Immunology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zeng Jin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rohan P. Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Madison E. Carelock
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tiffany B. A. Reccoppa
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.W.); (Z.J.); (R.P.M.); (C.K.M.); (M.E.C.); (T.B.A.R.); (M.-C.K.); (R.K.)
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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21
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Luo Y, Huang S, Wei J, Zhou H, Wang W, Yang J, Deng Q, Wang H, Fu Z. Long noncoding RNA LINC01606 protects colon cancer cells from ferroptotic cell death and promotes stemness by SCD1-Wnt/β-catenin-TFE3 feedback loop signalling. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e752. [PMID: 35485210 PMCID: PMC9052012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is principally caused by iron catalytic activity and intracellular lipid peroxidation. Long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. However, the potential interplay between lncRNA
LINC01606 and ferroptosis in colon cancer remains elusive. Methods The expression level of LNC01606 in colon cancer tissue was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The functional role of LNC01606 was investigated by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays both in vitro and in vivo. The LINC01606‐SCD1‐Wnt/β‐catenin‐TFE3 axis were screened and validated by DNA/RNA pull down, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter.
Results The expression of lncRNA LINC01606 was frequently upregulated in human colon cancer and strongly
associated with a poor prognosis. LINC01606 functioned as an oncogene and promotes colon cancer cell growth,
invasion and stemness both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LINC01606 protected colon cancer cells from ferroptosis by decreasing the concentration of iron, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, LINC01606 enhanced the expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), serving as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate miR‐423‐5p expression, subsequently activating the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) increased LINC01606 transcription after recruitment to the promoter regions of LINC01606. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulated LINC01606 and Wnt/β‐catenin formed a positive feedback regulatory loop, further inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing stemness. Conclusions LINC01606 functions as an oncogene to facilitate tumor cell stemness, proliferation and inhibit ferroptosis and is a promising therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qican Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Hu D, Li Z, Zheng B, Lin X, Pan Y, Gong P, Zhuo W, Hu Y, Chen C, Chen L, Zhou J, Wang L. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:401-434. [PMID: 35481621 PMCID: PMC9118050 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the function of immune cells. CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer. We hope that summarizing CAF-related studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF-targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdi Hu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yuehong Pan
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Peirong Gong
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China.,Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Hu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Lini Chen
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
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23
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Kalantary-Charvadeh A, Hosseini V, Mehdizadeh A, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Rahbarghazi R, Nozad Charoudeh H, Nouri M, Darabi M. The porcupine inhibitor WNT974 provokes ectodermal lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:359-368. [PMID: 35445405 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Porcupine (Porcn) enzyme plays an essential role in Wnt signaling activation. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is required to provide Porcn substrates. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a novel Porcn inhibitor on the fate of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and the reliance of Porcn on SCD1 activity. hESCs were cultured on a feeder layer or Matrigel-coated plates. Small molecules WNT974 (LGK-974) and CAY10566 were used to inhibit Porcn and SCD1 activity, respectively. We assessed the effect of Porcn inhibition on viability, expression of Wnt signaling targets, pluripotency markers, proliferation, differentiation, and protein fatty acylation. hESCs' conditioned medium (CM) containing secreted Wnt proteins were applied in rescue experiments. To examine the catalytic dependency of Porcn on SCD1, the results of combined inhibitor treatment were compared with the SCD1 inhibitor alone. LGK-974 at the selected concentrations showed mild effects on hESCs viability, but significantly reduced messenger RNA and protein expression of Wnt signaling targets (Axin-2 and c-Myc) and pluripotency markers (OCT-4 and SOX-2) (p < .05). Adding 1 μM of Porcn inhibitor reduced proliferation (p = .03) and enhanced differentiation capacity into ectodermal progenitors (p = .02), which were reverted by CM. Click chemistry reaction did not show significant alteration in protein fatty acylation upon LGK-974 treatment. Moreover, combined inhibitor treatment caused no further substantial reduction in Wnt signaling targets, pluripotency markers, and protein fatty acylation relative to CAY10566-treated cultures. The substrate availability for Porcn activity is regulated by SCD1 and targeting Porcn by LGK-974 prompts the transition of hESCs from self-renewal state to ectodermal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Kalantary-Charvadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazari Soltan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Tian H, Niu H, Luo J, Yao W, Chen X, Wu J, Geng Y, Gao W, Lei A, Gao Z, Tian X, Zhao X, Shi H, Li C, Hua J. Knockout of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Decreased Milk Fat and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Contents of the Goat Model Generated by CRISPR/Cas9. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4030-4043. [PMID: 35343224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Goat milk contains a rich source of nutrients, especially unsaturated fatty acids. However, the regulatory mechanism of milk fat and fatty acid synthesis remains unclear. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the key enzyme catalyzing monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and is essential for milk lipid metabolism. To explore milk lipid synthesis mechanism in vivo, SCD1-knockout goats were generated through CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the first time. SCD1 deficiency did not influence goat growth or serum biochemistry. Plasma phosphatidylcholines increased by lipidomics after SCD1 knockout in goats. Whole-blood RNA-seq indicated alterations in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, cAMP, ATPase activity, and Wnt signaling pathways. In SCD1-knockout goats, milk fat percentage and unsaturated fatty acid levels were reduced but other milk components were unchanged. Milk lipidomics revealed decreased triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols levels, and the differential abundance of lipids were enriched in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipids, and thermogenesis metabolism pathways. In milk fat globules, the expression levels of genes related to fatty acid and TAG synthesis including SREBP1 were reduced. ATP content and AMPK activity were promoted, and p-p70S6K protein level was suppressed in SCD1-knockout goat mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that SCD1 affected milk lipid metabolism by influencing AMPK-mTORC1/p70S6K-SREBP1 pathway. The integrative analysis of gene expression levels and lipidomics of milk revealed a crucial role of SCD1 in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids metabolism pathways. Our observations indicated that SCD1 regulated the synthesis of milk fat and unsaturated fatty acid in goat by affecting lipid metabolism gene expression and lipid metabolic pathways. These findings would be essential for improving goat milk nutritional value which is beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huimin Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiue Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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25
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Saha T, Lukong KE. Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Drug Resistance: A Review of Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856974. [PMID: 35392236 PMCID: PMC8979779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy in women worldwide, and drug resistance to the available systemic therapies remains a major challenge. At the molecular level, breast cancer is heterogeneous, where the cancer-initiating stem-like cells (bCSCs) comprise a small yet distinct population of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, displaying varying degrees of cellular differentiation, enhanced metastatic potential, invasiveness, and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Based on the expression of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors, expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and/or BRCA mutations, the breast cancer molecular subtypes are identified as TNBC, HER2 enriched, luminal A, and luminal B. Management of breast cancer primarily involves resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy, and systemic therapies including endocrine therapies for hormone-responsive breast cancers; HER2-targeted therapy for HER2-enriched breast cancers; chemotherapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for TNBC, and the recent development of immunotherapy. However, the complex crosstalk between the malignant cells and stromal cells in the breast TME, rewiring of the many different signaling networks, and bCSC-mediated processes, all contribute to overall drug resistance in breast cancer. However, strategically targeting bCSCs to reverse chemoresistance and increase drug sensitivity is an underexplored stream in breast cancer research. The recent identification of dysregulated miRNAs/ncRNAs/mRNAs signatures in bCSCs and their crosstalk with many cellular signaling pathways has uncovered promising molecular leads to be used as potential therapeutic targets in drug-resistant situations. Moreover, therapies that can induce alternate forms of regulated cell death including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and immunotherapy; drugs targeting bCSC metabolism; and nanoparticle therapy are the upcoming approaches to target the bCSCs overcome drug resistance. Thus, individualizing treatment strategies will eliminate the minimal residual disease, resulting in better pathological and complete response in drug-resistant scenarios. This review summarizes basic understanding of breast cancer subtypes, concept of bCSCs, molecular basis of drug resistance, dysregulated miRNAs/ncRNAs patterns in bCSCs, and future perspective of developing anticancer therapeutics to address breast cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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26
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Kubota CS, Espenshade PJ. Targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase in solid tumors. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1682-1688. [PMID: 35294526 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are demarcated from normal cells by distinct biological hallmarks, including the reprogramming of metabolic processes. One of the key players involved in metabolic reprogramming is stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in an oxygen-dependent reaction that is crucial for maintaining fatty acid homeostasis. As such, SCD has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in numerous types of cancers, and its inhibition suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the evidence implicating SCD in cancer progression and proposes novel therapeutic strategies for targeting SCD in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casie S Kubota
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Peter J Espenshade
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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27
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Wang SY, Hu QC, Wu T, Xia J, Tao XA, Cheng B. Abnormal lipid synthesis as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:146-162. [PMID: 35432735 PMCID: PMC8963380 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties, which exhibit the characteristics of high tumorigenicity, self-renewal, and tumor initiation and are associated with the occurrence, metastasis, therapy resistance, and relapse of cancer. Compared with differentiated cells, CSCs have unique metabolic characteristics, and metabolic reprogramming contributes to the self-renewal and maintenance of stem cells. It has been reported that CSCs are highly dependent on lipid metabolism to maintain stemness and satisfy the requirements of biosynthesis and energy metabolism. In this review, we demonstrate that lipid anabolism alterations promote the survival of CSCs, including de novo lipogenesis, lipid desaturation, and cholesterol synthesis. In addition, we also emphasize the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between lipid synthesis and stem cell survival, the signal trans-duction pathways involved, and the application prospect of lipid synthesis reprogramming in CSC therapy. It is demonstrated that the dependence on lipid synthesis makes targeting of lipid synthesis metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for eliminating CSCs. Targeting key molecules in lipid synthesis will play an important role in anti-CSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qin-Chao Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-An Tao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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28
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Pinna G, Vandamme M, Rouault C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C. Genome-wide RNA interference screen in cancer stem cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 170:81-99. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Raut D, Vora A, Bhatt LK. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer therapy: a pre-clinical perspective of its targeting for clinical translation. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 22:97-114. [PMID: 34927527 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2016398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite various treatments available, there is still a high mortality rate in breast cancer patients. Thus, there exists an unmet need for new therapeutic interventions. Studies show that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer metastasis because of its transcriptional control on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review explores the Wnt signaling pathway as a potential target for treating breast cancer and other breast cancer subtypes. We discuss the Wnt signaling pathway, its role in breast cancer metastasis, and its effect on breast cancer stem cells. Further, endogenous agents that cause Wnt pathway inactivation are outlined. Finally, various natural and chemical compounds modulating the Wnt pathway used in pre-clinical or clinical trials for breast cancer treatment are discussed. EXPERT OPINION In vitro and in vivo studies indicate an immense potential of agents targeting the Wnt signaling pathway to prevent and manage breast cancer. Still, more clinical studies are required to support their use in humans. Apart from the agents already in clinical trials, several drug combinations discussed may be translated into clinical practice in a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezaree Raut
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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30
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Sharma A, Mir R, Galande S. Epigenetic Regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:681053. [PMID: 34552611 PMCID: PMC8450413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past four decades have elucidated the role of Wnt/β-catenin mediated regulation in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. These processes are fundamental to embryonic development, regeneration potential of tissues, as well as cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic players which influence the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulation of its components and coordinated regulation of the Wnt target genes. The role played by crosstalk with other signaling pathways mediating tumorigenesis is also elaborated. The Hippo/YAP pathway is particularly emphasized due to its extensive crosstalk via the Wnt destruction complex. Further, we highlight the recent advances in developing potential therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenetic machinery based on the characterization of these regulatory networks for effective treatment of various cancers and also for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rafeeq Mir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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31
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Epigenetic Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributing to Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158113. [PMID: 34360879 PMCID: PMC8348144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975611855; Fax: +886-47227116
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hajiesmaeili M, Shoorei H, Bahroudi Z, Taheri M, Sharifi G. The Impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs in Regulation of Function of Cancer Stem Cells and Progression of Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696820. [PMID: 34368145 PMCID: PMC8339916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have two important features, namely the ability for self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into some cell kinds with specialized functions. These two features are also present in cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have been detected in almost all kinds of cancers facilitating their tumorigenicity. Molecular cascades that control self-renewal of stem cells, namely the Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways have been suggested to influence CSCs functions as well. Moreover, non-coding RNAs can regulate function of CSCs. Function of miRNAs in the regulation of CSCs has been mostly assessed in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. miR-130a-3p, miR-600, miR-590-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-221, miR-222, miR-638, miR-375, miR-31, and miR-210 are among those regulating this feature in breast cancer. Moreover, miR-206, miR-192-5p, miR-500a-3p, miR-125, miR-125b, miR-613, miR-217, miR-194, and miR-494 regulate function of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma. DILC, lncTCF7, MUF, HAND2-AS1, MALAT1, DLX6-AS1, HOTAIR, and XIST are among lncRNAs that regulate function of CSCs. In the present paper, we explain the effects of these two classes of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of activity of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y, Ochiya T. miRNA signaling networks in cancer stem cells. Regen Ther 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 33598508 PMCID: PMC7848775 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small cell subpopulation in many cancer types and are involved in various processes of tumor progression, such as initiation, metastasis and recurrence. The distinguished features of CSCs include a variety of biological properties, including self-renewal, multidifferentiation, stemness marker expression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite their great potential of clinical importance, the CSC signaling pathways are not well understood at the molecular level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of several cellular, physiological, and developmental processes. Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with many human diseases, including cancer. miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of CSC properties; therefore, a better understanding of miRNA-induced modulation of CSC gene expression could aid in the identification of promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarize the major findings of the impacts of miRNAs on CSC signaling networks; we then discuss the recent advances that have improved our understanding of CSC regulation by miRNA-mediated signaling networks and that may lead to the development of miRNA therapeutics specifically targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yoshida
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Non-coding RNA in cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:625-639. [PMID: 33860799 PMCID: PMC8564738 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Majority of the human genome is transcribed to RNAs that do not encode proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Given the importance of the ncRNAs, the roles of ncRNAs in cancers have been reviewed elsewhere. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on the recent studies of the function, regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of the ncRNAs including microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA), in different type of cancers.
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Song K, Farzaneh M. Signaling pathways governing breast cancer stem cells behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:245. [PMID: 33863385 PMCID: PMC8052733 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second common cancer and the leading cause of malignancy among females overall. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that play a critical role in the metastasis of breast cancer to other organs in the body. BCSCs have both self-renewal and differentiation capacities, which are thought to contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting BCSCs can be a suitable approach for the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that the Wnt, NFκB, Notch, BMP2, STAT3, and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways govern epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, growth, and tumorigenesis of BCSCs in the primary regions. miRNAs as the central regulatory molecules also play critical roles in BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review discusses known signaling mechanisms involved in the stimulation or prevention of BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Targeted nanoformulation of C1 inhibits the growth of KB spheroids and cancer stem cell-enriched MCF-7 mammospheres. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111702. [PMID: 33780906 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C1, a synthetic analog of curcumin, has been reported to show potent antiproliferative effects against a variety of cancer cells. Here, we report a strong anticancer activity of the folate receptor-targeted lipid nanoparticle formulation of C1 against cancer cells and cancer stem cells both in 2D culture and 3D spheroids. The size of the C1 encapsulated folic acid functionalized nanoliposomes (Lipos-C1) was determined to be 83 ± 17 nm. Lipos-C1 nanoparticles displayed sustained C1 release kinetics at both pH 7.4 and 5.5. The folate receptor (FR) targeted nanoliposomes were internalized into FR-positive KB cells via the folate receptor-mediated endocytosis process. Lipos-C1 killed KB cells much more efficiently than C1. Lipos-C1 depolymerized microtubules, generated ROS, caused DNA damage, and induced apoptosis in KB cells. Importantly, Lipos-C1 strongly inhibited the growth of the 3D KB spheroids than C1. Interestingly, Lipos-C1 also suppressed cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched MCF-7 mammosphere growth by impeding breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) enrichment, growth, and proliferation. The results suggested that Lipos-C1 could be a promising nanoformulation for cancer chemotherapy.
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LncRNAs and microRNAs as Essential Regulators of Stemness in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030380. [PMID: 33802575 PMCID: PMC7998729 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an aggressive disease with a high incidence in women worldwide. Two decades ago, a controversial hypothesis was proposed that cancer arises from a subpopulation of “tumor initiating cells” or “cancer stem cells-like” (CSC). Today, CSC are defined as small subset of somatic cancer cells within a tumor with self-renewal properties driven by the aberrant expression of genes involved in the maintenance of a stemness-like phenotype. The understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of CSC subpopulation are fundamental in the development and persistence of breast cancer. Nowadays, the hypothesis suggests that genetic and epigenetic alterations give rise to breast cancer stem cells (bCSC), which are responsible for self-renewal, tumor growth, chemoresistance, poor prognosis and low survival in patients. However, the prominence of bCSC, as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulates and promotes the malignant phenotypes, are still poorly understood. The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes has been recently highlighted by a plethora of studies in breast cancer. These ncRNAs positively or negatively impact on different signaling pathways that govern the cancer hallmarks associated with bCSC, making them attractive targets for therapy. In this review, we present a current summary of the studies on the pivotal roles of lncRNAs and microRNAs in the regulation of genes associated to stemness of bCSC.
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Salem S, Mosaad R. Crosstalk between miR-203 and PKCθ regulates breast cancer stem cell markers. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 85:105-114. [PMID: 33576006 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) is expressed in ER-negative breast cancer and promotes cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotype. PKCθ gene (PRKCQ) is predicted to be a target for tumor suppressor miR-203. Herein, we aim to validate this prediction and evaluate the ability of miR-203 to inhibit migration of breast cancer cell line enriched with CSCs, MDA-MB-231, via PRKCQ targeting. METHODS Cells were transfected with miR-203 mimic, PRKCQ siRNA and negative control; then real-time PCR, migration assay, western blotting, reporter assay, and chromatin accessibility assay were performed. RESULTS Our findings displayed significant decrease in PRKCQ mRNA level and luciferase signals in cells with restored miR-203 expression, therefore, validated PRKCQ as a direct target of miR-203. Additionally, inhibiting PRKCQ by siRNA led to significant inhibition of miR-203 expression and significant decrease of chromatin accessibility at miR-203 promoter region 466-291 upstream TSS. Both of miR-203 re-expression and PRKCQ suppression resulted in altering migration ability of MDA-MB-231 through regulating AKT pathway and genes involved in breast cancer stem cells, CD44 and ALDH1A3. Expression of CDK5, GIV, and NANOG was significantly downregulated in miR-203 mimic-transfected cells, while PRKCQ siRNA-transfected cells displayed downregulation of OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG. Furthermore, we found that miR-224 expression was enhanced while miR-150 was downregulated after ectopic expression of miR-203. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the negative feedback loop between miR-203 and its target PRKCQ and the interplay between them in regulating genes involved in BCSCs. The study also concluded "microRNA-mediated microRNA regulation" as an event in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair Salem
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mosaad
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Skrypek K, Balog S, Eriguchi Y, Asahina K. Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Induces the Unfolded Protein Response in Pancreatic Tumors and Suppresses Their Growth. Pancreas 2021; 50:219-226. [PMID: 33565799 PMCID: PMC7880535 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and there is an urgent need for effective therapies. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is an enzyme localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and generates monounsaturated fatty acid from saturated fatty acid. In this study, we examined the role of SCD in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We isolated epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive pancreatic tumors from the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mouse and formed organoids in Matrigel. Using a SCD inhibitor, A939572, we tested its effects on growth and cell death in tumor organoids, tumors developed in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mouse, and a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line, PANC-1. RESULTS A939572 treatment rapidly induced degeneration of mouse tumor organoids and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cotreatment of oleic acid, but not stearic acid, reduced the UPR in the organoids and rescued the inhibitory effect of the SCD inhibitor on their growth. Administration of A939572 to Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice caused cell death in early pancreatic tumors, but not in acini or islets. The SCD inhibitor induced the UPR in PANC-1 and suppressed their growth but did not induce cell death. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of the SCD enzyme causes an UPR and cell death in early pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Skrypek
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Balog
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoshihiro Eriguchi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology/Infectious Disease, Kyushu University Hospital, Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinji Asahina
- The Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Das PK, Siddika MA, Asha SY, Aktar S, Rakib MA, Khanam JA, Pillai S, Islam F. MicroRNAs, a Promising Target for Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:69-83. [PMID: 31758333 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of the stem cell programme in breast cancer is significantly associated with persistent cancer progression and therapeutic failure. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are involved in the process of breast cancer initiation, metastasis and cancer relapse. Among the various important cues found in the formation and progression of BCSCs, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play a pivotal role by regulating the expression of various tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes. Accordingly, there is evidence that miRNAs are associated with BCSC self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance, and therefore cancer recurrence. miRNAs execute their roles by regulating the expression of stemness markers, activation of signalling pathways or their components and regulation of transcription networks in BCSCs. Therefore, a better understanding of the association between BCSCs and miRNAs has the potential to help design more effective and safer therapeutic solutions against breast cancer. Thus, an miRNA-based therapeutic strategy may open up new horizons for the treatment of breast cancer in the future. In view of this, we present the progress to date of miRNA research associated with stemness marker expression, signalling pathways and activation of transcription networks to regulate the self-renewal, differentiation and therapy resistance properties of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Saharia Yeasmin Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rakib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suja Pillai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. .,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu F. miR‑653‑5p suppresses the growth and migration of breast cancer cells by targeting MAPK6. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:200. [PMID: 33495824 PMCID: PMC7821282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the worldwide leading cause of cancer‑related deaths among women. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. miR‑653‑5p was previously reported to be involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the role of miR‑653‑5p in the progression of breast cancer has not been studied. In the present study, it was found that overexpression of miR‑653‑5p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of miR‑653‑5p promoted cell apoptosis in breast cancer by regulating the Bcl‑2/Bax axis and caspase‑9 activation. Additionally, the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were also inhibited by miR‑653‑5p. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that miR‑653‑5p directly targeted mitogen‑activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6) and negatively regulated its expression in breast cancer cells. Upregulation of MAPK6 could overcome the inhibitory effects of miR‑653‑5p on cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer. In conclusion, this study suggested that miR‑653‑5p functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting MAPK6 in the progression of breast cancer, and it may be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy Technology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Operating Theatre, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Department of Operating Theatre, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R China
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MicroRNA regulation of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33413418 PMCID: PMC7792222 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and accounts for 30% of all female malignancies worldwide. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that exhibit multiple characteristics including differentiation capacity, self-renewal and therapeutic resistance. Recently, BCSCs have attracted attention due to their modulation of breast tumor behaviors and drug resistance. miRNAs are small noncoding mRNAs involved in virtually all biological processes, including stem cell development, maintenance and differentiation. In breast cancer, miRNAs appear to be multi-faceted since they can act as either suppressors or oncogenes to regulate breast cancer progression. This review summarizes the critical roles of miRNAs in regulating multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, BMI-1 and STAT3 that are important for the BCSC maintenance.
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Pishbin F, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R, Najafi R, Farhadian M. Correlation of miR-600 with WT1 expression and its potential clinical significance in breast cancer. Per Med 2021; 18:31-42. [PMID: 33393369 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The study aimed to explore miR-600 and WT1 expression and its potential clinical significance in breast cancer. Materials & methods: The expression of miR-600 and WT1 in tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues in 45 breast cancer patients as well as serum level of miR-600 in these patients and 45 healthy group were analyzed. Results: The expression level of miR-600 in tumor tissue and serum of patients was significantly lower than non-tumor adjacent tissues and serum of controls, respectively, while WT1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in tumor tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent tissues. The miR-600 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Conclusion: The miR-600 acts as tumor suppressor and a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Pishbin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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MiR-125b-2 knockout increases high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21969. [PMID: 33319811 PMCID: PMC7738482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals are more susceptible to comorbidities than individuals of healthy weight, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs are a class of small and noncoding RNAs that are implicated in the regulation of chronic human diseases. We previously reported that miR-125b plays a critical role in adipogenesis in vitro. However, the involvement of miR-125b-2 in fat metabolism in vivo remains unknown. In the present study, miR-125b-2 knockout mice were generated using CRISPR/CAS9 technology, resulting in mice with a 7 bp deletion in the seed sequence of miR-125b-2. MiR-125b-2 knockout increased the weight of liver tissue, epididymal white fat and inguinal white fat. MiR-125b-2 knockout also increased adipocyte volume in HFD-induced obese mice, while there were no significant differences in body weight and feed intake versus mice fed a normal diet. Additionally, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the miR-125b-2 target gene SCD-1 and fat synthesis-associated genes, such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, were significantly up-regulated in miR-125b-2KO mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-125b-2KO altered HFD-induced changes in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. In conclusion, we show that miR-125b-2 is a novel potential target for regulating fat accumulation, and also a candidate target to develop novel treatment strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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Zeng X, Liu C, Yao J, Wan H, Wan G, Li Y, Chen N. Breast cancer stem cells, heterogeneity, targeting therapies and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105320. [PMID: 33271295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both hereditary and sporadic breast cancer are suggested to develop from a stem cell subcomponent retaining most key stem cell properties but with dysregulation of self-renewal pathways, which drives tumorigenic differentiation and cellular heterogeneity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by their self-renewal and differentiation potential, have been reported to contribute to chemo-/radio-resistance and tumor initiation and to be the main reason for the failure of current therapies in breast cancer and other CSC-bearing cancers. Thus, CSC-targeted therapies, such as those inducing CSC apoptosis and differentiation, inhibiting CSC self-renewal and division, and targeting the CSC niche to combat CSC activity, are needed and may become an important component of multimodal treatment. To date, the understanding of breast cancer has been extended by advances in CSC biology, providing more accurate prognostic and predictive information upon diagnosis. Recent improvements have enhanced the prospect of targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which has shown promise for increasing the breast cancer remission rate. However, targeted therapy for breast cancer remains challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. One major challenge is determining the CSC properties that can be exploited as therapeutic targets. Another challenge is identifying suitable BCSC biomarkers to assess the efficacy of novel BCSC-targeted therapies. This review focuses mainly on the characteristics of BCSCs and the roles of BCSCs in the formation, maintenance and recurrence of breast cancer; self-renewal signaling pathways in BCSCs; the BCSC microenvironment; potential therapeutic targets related to BCSCs; and current therapies and clinical trials targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518037, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Liu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518037, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518120, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518120, PR China.
| | - Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Department of Cell Biology & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.
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46
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Sulaiman A, McGarry S, El‐Sahli S, Li L, Chambers J, Phan A, Al‐Kadi E, Kahiel Z, Farah E, Ji G, Lee S, Inampudi KK, Alain T, Li X, Liu S, Han X, Zheng P, Liu Z, Gadde S, Wang L. Nanoparticles Loaded with Wnt and YAP/Mevalonate Inhibitors in Combination with Paclitaxel Stop the Growth of TNBC Patient‐Derived Xenografts and Diminish Tumorigenesis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Sarah McGarry
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Sara El‐Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Jason Chambers
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Alexandra Phan
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Emil Al‐Kadi
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Zaina Kahiel
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Eliya Farah
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 725 South Wanping Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Seung‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Krishna K. Inampudi
- Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate Health Canada Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre Ottawa Ontario K1Y 0M1 Canada
| | - Sheng Liu
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 725 South Wanping Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xianghui Han
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 725 South Wanping Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 725 South Wanping Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Suresh Gadde
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- China‐Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L6 Canada
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47
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Cruz-Gil S, Fernández LP, Sánchez-Martínez R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Non-Coding and Regulatory RNAs as Epigenetic Remodelers of Fatty Acid Homeostasis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2890. [PMID: 33050166 PMCID: PMC7599548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells commonly display metabolic fluctuations. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, alterations in lipid metabolism homeostasis have been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Highly proliferative cancer cells upregulate de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) which are required to support tumor progression by exerting multiple roles including structural cell membrane composition, regulators of the intracellular redox homeostasis, ATP synthesis, intracellular cell signaling molecules, and extracellular mediators of the tumor microenvironment. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a crucial role in human development, but also in the initiation and progression of complex diseases. The study of epigenetic processes could help to design new integral strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders including cancer. Herein, we first describe the main altered intracellular fatty acid processes to support cancer initiation and progression. Next, we focus on the most important regulatory and non-coding RNAs (small noncoding RNA-sncRNAs-long non-coding RNAs-lncRNAs-and other regulatory RNAs) which may target the altered fatty acids pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.); Tel.: +34-67-213-49-21 (A.R.d.M.); Fax: +34-91-830-59-61 (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.-G.); (L.P.F.); (R.S.-M.)
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48
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Giroux P, Bhajun R, Segard S, Picquenot C, Charavay C, Desquilles L, Pinna G, Ginestier C, Denis J, Cherradi N, Guyon L. miRViz: a novel webserver application to visualize and interpret microRNA datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W252-W261. [PMID: 32319523 PMCID: PMC7319447 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of major pathways in eukaryotic cells through their binding to and repression of multiple mRNAs. With high-throughput methodologies, various outcomes can be measured that produce long lists of miRNAs that are often difficult to interpret. A common question is: after differential expression or phenotypic screening of miRNA mimics, which miRNA should be chosen for further investigation? Here, we present miRViz (http://mirviz.prabi.fr/), a webserver application designed to visualize and interpret large miRNA datasets, with no need for programming skills. MiRViz has two main goals: (i) to help biologists to raise data-driven hypotheses and (ii) to share miRNA datasets in a straightforward way through publishable quality data representation, with emphasis on relevant groups of miRNAs. MiRViz can currently handle datasets from 11 eukaryotic species. We present real-case applications of miRViz, and provide both datasets and procedures to reproduce the corresponding figures. MiRViz offers rapid identification of miRNA families, as demonstrated here for the miRNA-320 family, which is significantly exported in exosomes of colon cancer cells. We also visually highlight a group of miRNAs associated with pluripotency that is particularly active in control of a breast cancer stem-cell population in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Giroux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ricky Bhajun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Segard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Picquenot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Charavay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lise Desquilles
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer lab, F-13273 Marseille, France
| | - Josiane Denis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Inserm, BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
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49
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Zhao F, Zhong M, Pei W, Tian B, Cai Y. miR-376c-3p modulates the properties of breast cancer stem cells by targeting RAB2A. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:68. [PMID: 32963598 PMCID: PMC7490793 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) negatively regulate gene expression and participate in various cellular processes. miRNA dysregulation is associated with cancer progression. The present study aimed to identify the miRNAs that participate in breast cancer tumorigenesis and determine the mechanism that underlies this. miRNA microarray data analysis and validation assays indicated that miR-376c-3p was downregulated in breast tumour tissues and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues and MCF-10A cells, respectively. Ras-related protein Rab-2A (RAB2A) was predicted as a target of miR-376c-3p, which was confirmed by conducting further experiments. miR-376c-3p regulated the BCSC population and the expression of stem cell regulatory genes by targeting RAB2A. By performing mammosphere, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and transwell invasion assays, it was demonstrated that miR-376c-3p also inhibited BCSC self-renewal, proliferation and invasion by regulating RAB2A expression. Using a xenograft mouse model, it was revealed that miR-376c-3p overexpression suppressed breast cancer growth in vivo. In conclusion, the results indicated that miR-376c-3p targeted RAB2A to regulate BCSC fate and properties; therefore, miR-376c-3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiang Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Baoxing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yantao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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50
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Wang J, Ling R, Zhou Y, Gao X, Yang Y, Mao C, Chen D. SREBP1 silencing inhibits the proliferation and motility of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2855-2869. [PMID: 32765792 PMCID: PMC7403634 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is dysregulated in a variety of types of human cancer. However, the functional roles of SREBP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the function of SREBP1 in cell proliferation and motility. Microarray datasets in Oncomine, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis revealed that SREBP1 was overexpressed in ESCC tumors when compared with normal tissues. In addition, SREBP1 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and Ki67 expression. Results suggested that silencing SREBP1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, whereas overexpression of SREBP1 had opposite effects on proliferation and metastasis. In addition, loss of SREBP1 significantly increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor C expression levels, which were restored via SREBP1-overexpression. Mechanistically, loss of SREBP1 suppressed T-cell factor 1/lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (TCF1/LEF1) activity and downregulated TCF1/LEF1 target proteins, including CD44 and cyclin D1. Moreover, knockdown of SREBP1 downregulated the expression levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, the inhibitors of SREBP1 and/or SCD1 and small interfering RNA-SCD1 efficiently inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway driven by constitutively active SREBP1. Finally, in vivo results indicated that SREBP1-knockdown suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that SREBP1 exerts oncogenic effects in ESCC by promoting proliferation and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the SCD1-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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