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Zheng S, Sheng R. The emerging understanding of Frizzled receptors. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38744670 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a huge network governing development and homeostasis, dysregulation of which is associated with a myriad of human diseases. The Frizzled receptor (FZD) family comprises receptors for Wnt ligands, which indispensably mediate Wnt signaling jointly with a variety of co-receptors. Studies of FZDs have revealed that 10 FZD subtypes play diverse roles in physiological processes. At the same time, dysregulation of FZDs is also responsible for various diseases, in particular human cancers. Enormous attention has been paid to the molecular understanding and targeted therapy of FZDs in the past decade. In this review, we summarize the latest research on FZD structure, function, regulation and targeted therapy, providing a basis for guiding future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqin Zheng
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Felipin KP, Paloschi MV, Silva MDS, Ikenohuchi YJ, Santana HM, Setúbal SDS, Rego CMA, Lopes JA, Boeno CN, Serrath SN, De Medeiros EHRT, Pimentel IF, Oliveira AER, Cupolillo E, Cantanhêde LM, Ferreira RDGM, Zuliani JP. Transcriptomics analysis highlights potential ways in human pathogenesis in Leishmania braziliensis infected with the viral endosymbiont LRV1. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012126. [PMID: 38743668 PMCID: PMC11093365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is widely distributed in Brazil and is one of the main species associated with human cases of different forms of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of TL are still not fully understood, but it is known that factors related to the host and the parasite act in a synergistic and relevant way to direct the response to the infection. In the host, macrophages have a central connection with the parasite and play a fundamental role in the defense of the organism due to their ability to destroy intracellular parasites and present antigens. In the parasite, some intrinsic factors related to the species or even the strain analyzed are fundamental for the outcome of the disease. One of them is the presence of Leishmania RNA Virus 1 (LRV1), an endosymbiont virus that parasitizes some species of Leishmania that triggers a cascade of signals leading to a more severe TL phenotype, such as ML. One of the strategies for understanding factors associated with the immune response generated after Leishmania/host interaction is through the analysis of molecular patterns after infection. Thus, the gene expression profile in human monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from healthy donors infected in vitro with L. braziliensis positive (LbLRV1+) and negative (LbLRV1-) for LRV1 was evaluated. For this, the microarray assay was used and 162 differentially expressed genes were identified in the comparison LbLRV1+ vs. LbLRV1-, 126 upregulated genes for the type I and II interferons (IFN) signaling pathway, oligoadenylate synthase OAS/RNAse L, non-genomic actions of vitamin D3 and RIG-I type receptors, and 36 down-regulated. The top 10 downregulated genes along with the top 10 upregulated genes were considered for analysis. Type I interferon (IFNI)- and OAS-related pathways results were validated by RT-qPCR and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines were analyzed by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The microarray results validated by RT-qPCR showed differential expression of genes related to IFNI-mediated pathways with overexpression of different genes in cells infected with LbLRV1+ compared to LbLRV1- and to the control. No significant differences were found in cytokine levels between LbLRV1+ vs. LbLRV1- and control. The data suggest the activation of gene signaling pathways associated with the presence of LRV1 has not yet been reported so far. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the activation of the OAS/RNase L signaling pathway and the non-genomic actions of vitamin D3 when comparing infections with LbLRV1+ versus LbLRV1- and the control. This finding emphasizes the role of LRV1 in directing the host's immune response after infection, underlining the importance of identifying LRV1 in patients with TL to assess disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Paula Felipin
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Genética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Mauro Valentino Paloschi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Milena Daniela Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Yoda Janaina Ikenohuchi
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Hallison Mota Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Sulamita da Silva Setúbal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Cristina Matiele Alves Rego
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Amaral Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Charles Nunes Boeno
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Suzanne Nery Serrath
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | - Iasmin Ferreira Pimentel
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Genética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Lilian Motta Cantanhêde
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Godoi Matos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Genética, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, EpiAmO, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Brazil
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3
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Dharavath B, Butle A, Chaudhary A, Pal A, Desai S, Chowdhury A, Thorat R, Upadhyay P, Nair S, Dutt A. Recurrent UBE3C-LRP5 translocations in head and neck cancer with therapeutic implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:63. [PMID: 38438481 PMCID: PMC10912599 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The identification of genetic alterations in head and neck cancer may improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of UBE3C-LRP5 translocation in head and neck cancer. Our whole transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR analysis of 151 head and neck cancer tumor samples identified the LRP5-UBE3C and UBE3C-LRP5 fusion transcripts in 5.3% of patients of Indian origin (n = 151), and UBE3C-LRP5 fusion transcripts in 1.2% of TCGA-HNSC patients (n = 502). Further, whole genome sequencing identified the breakpoint of UBE3C-LRP5 translocation. We demonstrate that UBE3C-LRP5 fusion is activating in vitro and in vivo, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck cancer cells. In contrast, depletion of UBE3C-LRP5 fusion suppresses the clonogenic, migratory, and invasive potential of the cells. The UBE3C-LRP5 fusion activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, leading to upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, MYC, CCND1, TCF4, and LEF1. Consistently, treatment with the FDA-approved drug, pyrvinium pamoate, significantly reduced the transforming ability of cells expressing the fusion protein and improved survival in mice bearing tumors of fusion-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, fusion-expressing cells upon knockdown of CTNNB1, or LEF1 show reduced proliferation, clonogenic abilities, and reduced sensitivity to pyrvinium pamoate. Overall, our study suggests that the UBE3C-LRP5 fusion is a promising therapeutic target for head and neck cancer and that pyrvinium pamoate may be a potential drug candidate for treating head and neck cancer harboring this translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Dharavath
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Ashwin Butle
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India
| | - Akshita Chaudhary
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Ankita Pal
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Sanket Desai
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Pawan Upadhyay
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Zhao R, Liu M, Dai E, Chen C, Lv L, Peng L, He Y, Li S, Yang M. Deciphering a crucial dimeric interface governing Norrin dimerization and the pathogenesis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23493. [PMID: 38363575 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302387r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary eye disease that could cause blindness. It has been established that Norrin forms dimers to activate β-catenin signaling, yet the core interface for Norrin dimerization and the precise mechanism by which Norrin dimerization contributes to the pathogenesis of FEVR remain elusive. Here, we report an NDP variant, c.265T>C (p.Phe89Leu), that interrupted β-catenin signaling by disrupting Norrin dimerization. Structural and functional analysis revealed that the Phe-89 of one Norrin monomer interacts with Pro-98, Ser-101, Arg-121, and Ile-123 of another, forming two core symmetrical dimerization interfaces that are pivotal for the formation of a "hand-by-arm" dimer. Intriguingly, we proved that one of the two core symmetrical interfaces is sufficient for dimerization and activation of β-catenin signaling, with a substantial contribution from the Phe-89/Pro-98 interaction. Further functional analysis revealed that the disruption of both dimeric interfaces eliminates potential binding sites for LRP5, which could be partially restored by over-expression of TSPAN12. In conclusion, our findings unveil a core dimerization interface that regulates Norrin/LRP5 interaction, highlighting the essential role of Norrin dimerization on β-catenin signaling and providing potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulian Zhao
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Erkuan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting Lv
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Peng
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqi He
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Yang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, The Department of Medical Genetics, The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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5
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Bruguera ES, Mahoney JP, Weis WI. The co-receptor Tspan12 directly captures Norrin to promote ligand-specific β-catenin signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578714. [PMID: 38352533 PMCID: PMC10862866 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling directs animal development and tissue renewal in a tightly controlled, cell- and tissue-specific manner. In the central nervous system, the atypical ligand Norrin controls angiogenesis and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Like Wnt, Norrin activates signaling by binding and heterodimerizing the receptors Frizzled (Fzd) and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 or 6 (LRP5/6), leading to membrane recruitment of the intracellular transducer Dishevelled (Dvl); this ultimately results in the stabilization of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin. Unlike Wnt, the cysteine-knot ligand Norrin only signals through Fzd4 and additionally requires the co-receptor Tspan12; however, the mechanism underlying Tspan12-mediated signal enhancement is unclear. It has been proposed that Tspan12 integrates into the Norrin-Fzd4 complex to enhance Norrin-Fzd4 affinity or otherwise allosterically modulate Fzd4 signaling. Here, we measure direct, high-affinity binding between purified Norrin and Tspan12 in a lipid environment and use AlphaFold models to interrogate this interaction interface. We find that Tspan12 and Fzd4 can simultaneously bind Norrin and that a pre-formed Tspan12/Fzd4 heterodimer, as well as cells co-expressing Tspan12 and Fzd4, more efficiently capture low concentrations of Norrin than Fzd4 alone. We also show that Tspan12 competes with both heparan sulfate proteoglycans and LRP6 for Norrin binding and that Tspan12 does not impact Fzd4-Dvl affinity in the presence or absence of Norrin. Our findings suggest that Tspan12 does not allosterically enhance Fzd4 binding to Norrin or Dvl, but instead functions to directly capture Norrin upstream of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Bruguera
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jacob P Mahoney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - William I Weis
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Zhang S, Yong HM, Zou G, Ma MJ, Rui X, Yang SY, Sheng XL. De novel heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32 involving TSPAN12 gene with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in a Chinese family. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1952-1961. [PMID: 38111929 PMCID: PMC10700080 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with a large heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32. METHODS A family with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) phenotype was included in the study. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was initially used to locate copy number variations (CNVs) on 7q31.31-31.32, but failed to detect the precise breakpoint. The long-read sequencing, Oxford Nanopore sequencing Technology (ONT) was used to get the accurate breakpoint which is verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and Sanger Sequencing. RESULTS The proband, along with her father and younger brother, were found to have a heterozygous 4.5 Mb CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-31.32, which included the FEVR-related gene TSPAN12. The specific deletion was confirmed as del(7)(q31.31q31.32)chr7:g.119451239_123956818del. The proband exhibited a phase 2A FEVR phenotype, characterized by a falciform retinal fold, macular dragging, and peripheral neovascularization with leaking of fluorescence. These symptoms led to a significant decrease in visual acuity in both eyes. On the other hand, the affected father and younger brother showed a milder phenotype. CONCLUSION The heterozygous CNV deletion located on 7q31.31-7q31.32 is associated with the FEVR phenotype. The use of long-read sequencing techniques is essential for accurate molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hai-Ming Yong
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Zou
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Jiao Ma
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xue Rui
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shang-Ying Yang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xun-Lun Sheng
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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7
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Maharati A, Tolue Ghasaban F, Akhlaghipour I, Taghehchian N, Zangouei AS, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-495: a therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:559-578. [PMID: 37759132 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic and diagnostic progresses have significantly reduced the mortality rate among cancer patients during the last decade. However, there is still a high rate of mortality among cancer patients. One of the important reasons involved in the high mortality rate is the late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages that causes the failure of therapeutic strategies in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression has an important role in introducing the efficient early detection markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as stable factors in body fluids are always considered as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers. In the present review, we investigated the role of miR-495 in tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-495 has mainly a tumor suppressor function through the regulation of transcription factors and tyrosine kinases as well as cellular processes such as multidrug resistance, chromatin remodeling, and signaling pathways. This review can be an effective step towards introducing the miR-495 as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic marker as well as a suitable target in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tolue Ghasaban
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Pokrajac NT, Tokarew NJA, Gurdita A, Ortin-Martinez A, Wallace VA. Meningeal macrophages inhibit chemokine signaling in pre-tumor cells to suppress mouse medulloblastoma initiation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2015-2031.e8. [PMID: 37774709 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment profoundly influences tumor initiation across numerous tissues but remains understudied in brain tumors. In the cerebellum, canonical Wnt signaling controlled by Norrin/Frizzled4 (Fzd4) activation in meningeal endothelial cells is a potent inhibitor of preneoplasia and tumor progression in mouse models of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma (Shh-MB). Single-cell transcriptome profiling and phenotyping of the meninges indicate that Norrin/Frizzled4 sustains the activation of meningeal macrophages (mMΦs), characterized by Lyve1 and CXCL4 expression, during the critical preneoplastic period. Depleting mMΦs during this period enhances preneoplasia and tumorigenesis, phenocopying the effects of Norrin loss. The anti-tumorigenic function of mMΦs is derived from the expression of CXCL4, which counters CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in pre-tumor cells, thereby inhibiting cell-cycle progression and promoting migration away from the pre-tumor niche. These findings identify a pivotal role for mMΦs as key mediators in chemokine-regulated anti-cancer crosstalk between the stroma and pre-tumor cells in the control of MB initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad T Pokrajac
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nicholas J A Tokarew
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Akshay Gurdita
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arturo Ortin-Martinez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.
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9
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Pauzuolyte V, Patel A, Wawrzynski JR, Ingham NJ, Leong YC, Karda R, Bitner‐Glindzicz M, Berger W, Waddington SN, Steel KP, Sowden JC. Systemic gene therapy rescues retinal dysfunction and hearing loss in a model of Norrie disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17393. [PMID: 37642150 PMCID: PMC10565640 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deafness affects 5% of the world's population, yet there is a lack of treatments to prevent hearing loss due to genetic causes. Norrie disease is a recessive X-linked disorder, caused by NDP gene mutation. It manifests as blindness at birth and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, leading to debilitating dual sensory deprivation. To develop a gene therapy, we used a Norrie disease mouse model (Ndptm1Wbrg ), which recapitulates abnormal retinal vascularisation and progressive hearing loss. We delivered human NDP cDNA by intravenous injection of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)9 at neonatal, juvenile and young adult pathological stages and investigated its therapeutic effects on the retina and cochlea. Neonatal treatment prevented the death of the sensory cochlear hair cells and rescued cochlear disease biomarkers as demonstrated by RNAseq and physiological measurements of auditory function. Retinal vascularisation and electroretinograms were restored to normal by neonatal treatment. Delivery of NDP gene therapy after the onset of the degenerative inner ear disease also ameliorated the cochlear pathology, supporting the feasibility of a clinical treatment for progressive hearing loss in people with Norrie disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valda Pauzuolyte
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - James R Wawrzynski
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yeh Chwan Leong
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Rajvinder Karda
- EGA Institute for Woman's Health, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Bitner‐Glindzicz
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Simon N Waddington
- EGA Institute for Woman's Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitswatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreLondonUK
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Wang Y, Lai Y, Jiang Z, Li S, Ding X. Five novel dysfunctional variants in the TSPAN12 gene in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109574. [PMID: 37451565 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inheritable vitreoretinal disease characterized by incomplete retinal vascular development, which often leads to multiple retinal complications and causes severe vision loss in children. We reported the TSPAN12 variants' frequency in a cohort of FEVR and five novel TSPAN12 variants and related clinical features in six Chinese families. Seven hundred thirty-four families' genetic in-house data were reviewed. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all probands; Sanger sequencing was conducted in the family members. Five novel variants from six families were noted, and clinical data were collected. Luciferase assays were applied to test the activity of the Norrin/β-catenin signal caused by the mutant TSPAN12 genes. The frequency of TSPAN12 variants in FEVR is 8.79% (50/569). Five novel variants in TSPAN12 were identified in six families, including two missense variants, c.476G > A(p.Cys159Tyr) and c.81T > G(p.Ser27Arg), two frameshift variants, c.628_629insA(p.Met210Asnfs*42) and c.251delG(p.Gly84Glufs*3) and one nonsense, c.352G > T(p.Glu118*). Low vision, high myopia, nystagmus, and leukocoria are the common symptom at the first presentation. All variants were also predicted as pathogenic in silico. Moreover, the luciferase assay demonstrated that all variants caused severely compromised Norrin/β-catenin signaling activity. In conclusion, the frequency of TSPAN12 variants in FEVR was 8.79% in our cohort. Five novel variants of TSPAN12 were identified. Moreover, we demonstrated the dysfunction of mutant variants via the downregulation of Norrin/β-catenin signaling. These findings expanded the genetic and clinical spectrum of FEVR with TSPAN12 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanting Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhaoxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Songshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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11
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Zhang L, Abedin M, Jo HN, Levey J, Dinh QC, Chen Z, Angers S, Junge HJ. A Frizzled4-LRP5 agonist promotes blood-retina barrier function by inducing a Norrin-like transcriptional response. iScience 2023; 26:107415. [PMID: 37559903 PMCID: PMC10407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Norrin (NDP) and WNT7A/B induce and maintain the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier (BBB, BRB) by stimulating the Frizzled4-LDL receptor related protein 5/6 (FZD4-LRP5/6) complex to induce beta-catenin-dependent signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently developed agonists for the FZD4-LRP5 complex have therapeutic potential in retinal and neurological diseases. Here, we use the tetravalent antibody modality F4L5.13 to identify agonist activities in Tspan12-/- mice, which display a complex retinal pathology due to impaired NDP-signaling. F4L5.13 administration during development alleviates BRB defects, retinal hypovascularization, and restores neural function. In mature Tspan12-/- mice F4L5.13 partially induces a BRB de novo without inducing angiogenesis. In a genetic model of impaired BRB maintenance, administration of F4L5.13 rapidly and substantially restores the BRB. scRNA-seq reveals perturbations of key mediators of barrier functions in juvenile Tspan12-/- mice, which are in large parts restored after F4L5.13 administration. This study identifies transcriptional and functional activities of FZD4-LRP5 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Md. Abedin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ha-Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacklyn Levey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Quynh Chau Dinh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harald J. Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Wei E, Bou-Nader C, Perry ML, Fattah R, Zhang J, Leppla SH, Bothra A. S9.6 Antibody-Enzyme Conjugates for the Detection of DNA-RNA Hybrids. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:834-844. [PMID: 37194248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of infectious agents is increasingly done by the detection of unique nucleic acid sequences, typically using methods such as PCR that specifically amplify these sequences. A largely neglected alternative approach is to use antibodies that recognize nucleic acids. The unique monoclonal antibody S9.6 recognizes DNA-RNA hybrids in a largely sequence-independent manner. S9.6 has been used in several cases for the analysis of nucleic acids. Extending our recent determination of the structure of S9.6 Fab bound to a DNA-RNA hybrid, we have developed reagents and methods for the sensitive detection of specific DNA and RNA sequences. To facilitate the use in diagnostics, we conjugated the S9.6 Fab to the highly active and well-characterized reporter enzyme human-secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). Two approaches were utilized for conjugation. The first used sortase A (SrtA), which generates a covalent peptide bond between short amino acid sequences added to recombinantly produced S9.6 Fab and SEAP. The second approach was to genetically fuse the S9.6 Fab and SEAP so that the two are produced as a single molecule. Using these two antibody-SEAP proteins, we developed a simplified ELISA format for the identification of synthetic DNA-RNA hybrids, which can be optimized for detecting nucleic acids of pathogens, as well as for other applications. We successfully used this immunosorbent assay, HC-S, to identify DNA-RNA hybrids in solution with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Wei
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Charles Bou-Nader
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Megan L Perry
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rasem Fattah
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ankur Bothra
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda Maryland 20892, United States
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13
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Zhao R, Dai E, Wang S, Zhang X, He Y, Peng L, Zhao P, Yang Z, Yang M, Li S. A comprehensive functional analysis on the pathogenesis of novel TSPAN12 and NDP variants in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Clin Genet 2023; 103:320-329. [PMID: 36453149 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited blinding disorder; however, the known FEVR-associated variants account for approximately only 50% cases. Currently, the pathogenesis of most reported variants is not well studied, we aim to identify novel variants from FEVR-associated genes and perform a comprehensive functional analysis to uncover the pathogenesis of variants that cause FEVR. Using targeted gene panel and Sanger sequencing, we identified six novel and three known variants in TSPAN12 and NDP. These variants were demonstrated to cause significant inhibition of Norrin/β-catenin pathway by dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Structural analysis and co-immunoprecipitation revealed compromised interactions between missense variants and binding partners in the Norrin/β-catenin pathway. Immunofluorescence and subcellular protein extraction were performed to reveal the abnormal subcellular trafficking. Additionally, over-expression of TSPAN12 successfully enhanced the Norrin/β-catenin signaling activity by strengthening the binding affinity of mutant Norrin with FZD4 or LRP5. Together, these observations expanded the spectrum of FEVR-associated variants for the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of FEVR, as well providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulian Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Erkuan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi He
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Peng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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14
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Novel Exon 7 Deletions in TSPAN12 in a Three-Generation FEVR Family: A Case Report and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030587. [PMID: 36980859 PMCID: PMC10047926 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a severe clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease that is characterized by vascular disorder. FEVR exhibits strikingly variable clinical phenotypes, ranging from asymptomatic to total blindness. In this case, we present a patient who was first treated as having high myopia and retinopathy but was finally diagnosed with FEVR caused by the heterozygous deletion of exon 7 in TSPAN12 with the aid of whole genome sequencing (WGS). Typical vascular changes, including vascular leakage and an avascular zone in the peripheral retina, were observed in the proband using fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and the macular dragging was shown to be progressing in the follow-up visit. Furthermore, the proband showed unreported TSPAN12-related phenotypes of FEVR: ERG (full-field electroretinogram) abnormalities and retinoschisis. Only mild vascular changes were exhibited in the FFA for the other three family members who carried the same deletion of exon 7 in TSPAN12. This case expands our understanding of the phenotype resulting from TSPAN12 mutations and signifies the importance of combining both clinical and molecular analysis approaches to establish a complete diagnosis.
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Selective Activation of the Wnt-Signaling Pathway as a Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Retinal Vascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112476. [PMID: 36432666 PMCID: PMC9697247 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia, often associated with various disorders such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion, glaucoma, optic neuropathies, stroke, and other retinopathies, is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. As proper blood supply to the retina is critical to maintain its high metabolic demand, any impediment to blood flow can lead to a decrease in oxygen supply, resulting in retinal ischemia. In the pathogenesis of DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME), elevated blood glucose leads to blood-retina barrier (BRB) disruptions, vascular leakage, and capillary occlusion and dropouts, causing insufficient delivery of oxygen to the retina, and ultimately resulting in visual impairment. Other potential causes of DR include neuronal dysfunction in the absence of vascular defect, genetic, and environmental factors. The exact disease progression remains unclear and varies from patient to patient. Vascular leakage leading to edema clearly links to visual impairment and remains an important target for therapy. Despite recent advances in the treatment of DME and DR with anti-VEGFs, effective therapies with new mechanisms of action to address current treatment limitations regarding vessel regeneration and reperfusion of ischemic retinal areas are still needed. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in proper vascular development and maintenance in the retina, and thus provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic and other retinopathies. In this review, we summarize the potential of this pathway to address treatment gaps with current therapies, its promise as a novel and potentially disease modifying therapy for patients with DR and opportunities in other retinal vascular diseases.
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Sun L, Yan W, Huang L, Li S, Liu J, Lu Y, Su M, Li Z, Ding X. ROP-like retinopathy in full/near-term newborns: A etiology, risk factors, clinical and genetic characteristics, prognosis and management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:914207. [PMID: 36035399 PMCID: PMC9399493 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.914207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) like retinopathy (ROPLR) could occur in full/near-term newborns. The causes and clinical features are still largely elusive. This study focused on the risk factors, clinical and genetic characteristics, treatment and outcome, and prognosis of ROPLR.MethodsA total of 47 consecutive full/near-term newborns during 2016–2017 with ROPLR were included. The clinical and genetic characteristics, treatment and outcome, prognosis, and potential underlying etiology of ROPLR were were analyzed.Results91 eyes of 47 infants were found to have ROPLR. The ROPLR regressed completely in 65.9% and partially in 20.9% of eyes without any interventions. Retinal changes of family exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) were allocated in 12 neonates (group A), perinatal hypoxia-ischemia were categorized in 17 neonates (group B), and the other 18 neonates were categorized in group C. Compared to those in group B/C, infants in group A had significantly more severe retinopathy (stage 4/5, p < 0.001) and more treatments (p < 0.00 risk factor 1).ConclusionsPerinatal hypoxia-ischemia might be a major risk factor for ROPLR, in which spontaneous regression was common. FEVR, confirmed by positive family findings and genetic testing, might be the second risk factor of ROPLR, in which retinopathy is more severe and treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Yamei Lu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Manxiang Su
- Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Zhuhai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Ding
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Rattner A, Wang Y, Nathans J. Signaling Pathways in Neurovascular Development. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:87-108. [PMID: 35803586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development, the central nervous system (CNS) vasculature grows to precisely meet the metabolic demands of neurons and glia. In addition, the vast majority of the CNS vasculature acquires a unique set of molecular and cellular properties-collectively referred to as the blood-brain barrier-that minimize passive diffusion of molecules between the blood and the CNS parenchyma. Both of these processes are controlled by signals emanating from neurons and glia. In this review, we describe the nature and mechanisms-of-action of these signals, with an emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-catenin (canonical Wnt) signaling, the two best-understood systems that regulate CNS vascular development. We highlight foundational discoveries, interactions between different signaling systems, the integration of genetic and cell biological studies, advances that are of clinical relevance, and questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Departments of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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18
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Peng L, Dai E, Xiao H, Zhao R, He Y, Li S, Yang M, Yang Z, Zhao P. A novel frameshift variant in the TSPAN12 gene causes autosomal dominant FEVR. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1949. [PMID: 35417085 PMCID: PMC9184668 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited blinding eye disease with abnormal retinal vascular development. We aim to broaden the variant spectrum of FEVR and provide a basis for molecular diagnosis and genetic consultation. METHODS We recruited five FEVR patients from one large Chinese family. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were applied to sequence, analyze, and verify variants on genomic DNA samples. Immunocytochemistry, western blot, qPCR, and luciferase assay were performed to test the influence of the variant on the protein expression and activity of the Norrin/β-catenin pathway. RESULTS We identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.533dupC (p.D179Rfs*6) in Tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12) gene that is related to FEVR. This variant caused degradation of the entire TSPAN12 protein, which failed to activate Norrin/β-catenin signaling, possibly causing FEVR. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel frameshift variant D179Rfs*6 in TSPAN12 that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We found that D179Rfs*6 caused a failure to activate Norrin/β-catenin signaling. This finding broadens the variant spectrum of TSPAN12 and provides invaluable information for the molecular diagnosis of FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu BiologySichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Erkuan Dai
- Department of OphthalmologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haodong Xiao
- Department of OphthalmologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rulian Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yunqi He
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu BiologySichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu BiologySichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026)Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu BiologySichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026)Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu BiologySichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026)Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of OphthalmologyXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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19
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Bats ML, Peghaire C, Delobel V, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Wnt/frizzled Signaling in Endothelium: A Major Player in Blood-Retinal- and Blood-Brain-Barrier Integrity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041219. [PMID: 35074794 PMCID: PMC9121893 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/frizzled signaling pathway is one of the major regulators of endothelial biology, controlling key cellular activities. Many secreted Wnt ligands have been identified and can initiate diverse signaling via binding to a complex set of Frizzled (Fzd) transmembrane receptors and coreceptors. Roughly, Wnt signaling is subdivided into two pathways: the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway whose main downstream effector is the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, and the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is subdivided into the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway and the planar cell polarity pathway. Here, we will focus on its cross talk with other angiogenic pathways and on its role in blood-retinal- and blood-brain-barrier formation and its maintenance in a differentiated state. We will unravel how retinal vascular pathologies and neurovascular degenerative diseases result from disruption of the Wnt pathway related to vascular instability, and highlight current research into therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lise Bats
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Pellegrin Hospital, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Claire Peghaire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valentin Delobel
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Centre d'exploration, de prévention et de traitement de l'athérosclérose (CEPTA), CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-33600 Pessac, France
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20
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Wang Y, Venkatesh A, Xu J, Xu M, Williams J, Smallwood PM, James A, Nathans J. The WNT7A/WNT7B/GPR124/RECK signaling module plays an essential role in mammalian limb development. Development 2022; 149:275368. [PMID: 35552394 PMCID: PMC9148564 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In central nervous system vascular endothelial cells, signaling via the partially redundant ligands WNT7A and WNT7B requires two co-activator proteins, GPR124 and RECK. WNT7A and RECK have been shown previously to play a role in limb development, but the mechanism of RECK action in this context is unknown. The roles of WNT7B and GPR124 in limb development have not been investigated. Using combinations of conventional and/or conditional loss-of-function alleles for mouse Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Gpr124 and Reck, including a Reck allele that codes for a protein that is specifically defective in WNT7A/WNT7B signaling, we show that reductions in ligand and/or co-activator function synergize to cause reduced and dysmorphic limb bone growth. Two additional limb phenotypes – loss of distal Lmx1b expression and ectopic growth of nail-like structures – occur with reduced Wnt7a/Wnt7b gene copy number and, respectively, with Reck mutations and with combined Reck and Gpr124 mutations. A third limb phenotype – bleeding into a digit – occurs with the most severe combinations of Wnt7a/Wnt7b, Reck and Gpr124 mutations. These data imply that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system functions as an integral unit in limb development. Summary: Genetic analyses in mice show that the WNT7A/WNT7B-FRIZZLED-LRP5/LRP6-GPR124-RECK signaling system, first defined in the context of CNS angiogenesis and barrier development, also functions as an integral unit in limb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arjun Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip M. Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Gong Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Shen S, Xu Q, Zhao H, Shang J, Li W, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng QY. Endolymphatic Hydrop Phenotype in Familial Norrie Disease Caused by Large Fragment Deletion of NDP. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:771328. [PMID: 35517050 PMCID: PMC9062296 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.771328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrie disease (ND; OMIM 310600), a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder, is characterized by congenital blindness and occasionally, sensorineural hearing loss, and developmental delay. The congenital blindness of ND patients is almost untreatable; thus, hearing is particularly important for them. However, the mechanism of hearing loss of ND patients is unclear, and no good treatment is available except wearing hearing-aid. Therefore, revealing the mechanism of hearing loss in ND patients and exploring effective treatment methods are greatly important. In addition, as a serious monogenic genetic disease, convenient gene identification method is important for ND patients and their family members, as well as prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis to block intergenerational transmission of pathogenic genes. In this study, a Norrie family with two male patients was reported. This pedigree was ND caused by large fragment deletion of NDP (norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP) gene. In addition to typical severe ophthalmologic and audiologic defects, the patients showed new pathological features of endolymphatic hydrops (EH), and they also showed acoustic nerves abnormal as described in a very recent report. PCR methods were developed to analyze and diagnose the variation of the family members. This study expands the understanding of the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of ND and provides a new idea for the treatment of patients in this family and a convenient method for the genetic screen for this ND family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Institute of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongchun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chen,
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Xiuzhen Liu,
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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22
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Whole exome sequencing revealed 14 variants in NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes for 20 families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:54. [PMID: 35277167 PMCID: PMC8915523 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a complex form of blindness-causing retinal degeneration. This study investigated the potential disease-causing variants in 20 Chinese families with FEVR.
Methods
All available family members underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity and fundus examination. All probands and most family members underwent fluorescein fundus angiography. Twenty probands underwent whole exome sequencing; 16 of them also underwent copy number variant and mitochondrial genome analysis. Bioinformatics analysis and Sanger sequencing of available family members were used to confirm the disease-causing gene variant.
Results
Twenty families were diagnosed with FEVR based on clinical symptoms, fundus manifestations, and fundus fluorescein angiography. Whole exome sequencing revealed 14 variants in NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes among the 13 families. These variants were predicted to be damaging or deleterious according to multiple lines of prediction algorithms; they were not frequently found in multiple population databases. Seven variants had not previously been reported to cause FEVR: c.1039T>G p.(Phe347Val) in the FZD4 gene; c.1612C>T p.(Arg538Trp) and c.3237-2A>C in the LRP5 gene; and c.77T>A p.(Ile26Asn), c.170dupT p.(Leu57Phe fsTer60), c.236T>G p.(Met79Arg) and c.550dupA p.(Arg184Lys fsTer16) in the TSPAN12 gene. We did not detect any variants in the remaining seven families.
Conclusions
These results expand the spectrum of variants in the NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes and provide insights regarding accurate diagnosis, family genetic counseling, and future gene therapy for FEVR.
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23
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Thulasiram MR, Ogier JM, Dabdoub A. Hearing Function, Degeneration, and Disease: Spotlight on the Stria Vascularis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841708. [PMID: 35309932 PMCID: PMC8931286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) is a highly vascularized tissue lining the lateral wall of the cochlea. The SV maintains cochlear fluid homeostasis, generating the endocochlear potential that is required for sound transduction. In addition, the SV acts as an important blood-labyrinth barrier, tightly regulating the passage of molecules from the blood into the cochlea. A healthy SV is therefore vital for hearing function. Degeneration of the SV is a leading cause of age-related hearing loss, and has been associated with several hearing disorders, including Norrie disease, Meniere's disease, Alport syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, and Cytomegalovirus-induced hearing loss. Despite the SV's important role in hearing, there is still much that remains to be discovered, including cell-specific function within the SV, mechanisms of SV degeneration, and potential protective or regenerative therapies. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of SV function, mechanisms underlying degeneration of the SV, and otoprotective strategies for preventing drug-induced SV damage. We also highlight recent clinical developments for treating SV-related hearing loss and discuss future research trajectories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsya R Thulasiram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Ogier
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Canonical Wnt Signaling in the Pathology of Iron Overload-Induced Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7163326. [PMID: 35116092 PMCID: PMC8807048 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulates in the vital organs with aging. This is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to age-related disorders. Abnormal iron levels are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, liver injury, cancer, and ocular diseases. Canonical Wnt signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates many cellular functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and stem cell renewal. Recent evidences indicate that iron regulates Wnt signaling, and iron chelators like deferoxamine and deferasirox can inhibit Wnt signaling and cell growth. Canonical Wnt signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and there are significant efforts ongoing to develop innovative therapies targeting the aberrant Wnt signaling. This review examines how intracellular iron accumulation regulates Wnt signaling in various tissues and their potential contribution in the progression of age-related diseases.
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25
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Tao T, Xu N, Li J, Li H, Qu J, Yin H, Liang J, Zhao M, Li X, Huang L. Ocular Features and Mutation Spectrum of Patients With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:4. [PMID: 34860240 PMCID: PMC8648064 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical findings in Chinese patients diagnosed with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and carrying pathogenic mutations. Methods One hundred twenty unrelated patients with FEVR were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA and ophthalmic examinations were collected from all the patients and their available relatives. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to detect mutations. In silico programs were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of all the mutations. Results Eighty identified mutations were found in 81 unrelated patients (31/81 in LRP5, 25/81 in FZD4, 12/81 in TSPAN12, 8/81 in NDP, 4/81 in KIF11, and 1/81 in ZNF408). Among those mutations, 53 were novel (23/35 in LRP5, 15/21 in FZD4, 8/11 in TSPAN12, 3/8 in NDP, 3/4 in KIF11, 1/1 in ZNF408). Patients with LRP5, FZD4, TSPAN12, or NDP mutations were mainly classified into stage 4 and stage 5 and one-half of patients with KIF11 mutations were in stage 4. In addition, all the patients in NDP group were found to have bilateral symmetry in FEVR stage. Conclusions Our results present profound phenotypic variability and a wide mutation spectrum of FEVR in the Chinese population, which could be useful for a precise and comprehensive genetic diagnosis for patients with FEVR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye diseases and optometry institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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26
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Chidiac R, Abedin M, Macleod G, Yang A, Thibeault PE, Blazer LL, Adams JJ, Zhang L, Roehrich H, Jo H, Seshagiri S, Sidhu SS, Junge HJ, Angers S. A Norrin/Wnt surrogate antibody stimulates endothelial cell barrier function and rescues retinopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13977. [PMID: 34105895 PMCID: PMC8261507 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The FZD4:LRP5:TSPAN12 receptor complex is activated by the secreted protein Norrin in retinal endothelial cells and leads to βcatenin-dependent formation of the blood-retina-barrier during development and its homeostasis in adults. Mutations disrupting Norrin signaling have been identified in several congenital diseases leading to hypovascularization of the retina and blindness. Here, we developed F4L5.13, a tetravalent antibody designed to induce FZD4 and LRP5 proximity in such a way as to trigger βcatenin signaling. Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with F4L5.13 rescued permeability induced by VEGF in part by promoting surface expression of junction proteins. Treatment of Tspan12-/- mice with F4L5.13 restored retinal angiogenesis and barrier function. F4L5.13 treatment also significantly normalized neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model revealing a novel therapeutic strategy for diseases characterized by abnormal angiogenesis and/or barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Chidiac
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Md. Abedin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Graham Macleod
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Andy Yang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | | | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Heidi Roehrich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ha‐Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- AntlerA TherapeuticsFoster CityCAUSA
- Donnelly CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Harald J Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Stephane Angers
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- AntlerA TherapeuticsFoster CityCAUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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27
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The ER membrane protein complex subunit Emc3 controls angiogenesis via the FZD4/WNT signaling axis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1868-1883. [PMID: 34128175 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex (EMC) regulates the synthesis and quality control of membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane domains. One of the membrane spanning subunits, EMC3, is a core member of the EMC complex that provides essential hydrophilic vestibule for substrate insertion. Here, we show that the EMC subunit Emc3 plays critical roles in the retinal vascular angiogenesis by regulating Norrin/Wnt signaling. Postnatal endothelial cell (EC)-specific deletion of Emc3 led to retarded retinal vascular development with a hyperpruned vascular network, the appearance of blunt-ended, aneurysm-like tip endothelial cells (ECs) with reduced numbers of filopodia and leakage of erythrocytes at the vascular front. Diminished tube formation and cell proliferation were also observed in EMC3 depleted human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). We then discovered a critical role for EMC3 in expression of FZD4 receptor of β-catenin signaling using RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, augmentation of Wnt activity via lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment remarkably enhanced β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation of HRECs. Additionally, LiCl partially reversed the angiogenesis defects in Emc3-cKO mice. Our data reveal that Emc3 plays essential roles in angiogenesis through direct control of FZD4 expression and Norrin/β-catenin signaling.
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28
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Chen C, Yang M, Huang L, Zhao R, Sundaresan P, Zhu X, Li S, Yang Z. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel TSPAN12 Variants in Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:399-404. [PMID: 34077673 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a group of rare inherited retinal vascular disorders, is the major cause of vision loss in juveniles. At present, the diagnosis of FEVR remains difficult due to its clinical and genetic heterogeneities. Aims: To identify the causative genetic variants in two unrelated FEVR-affected families: one Indian family and one Chinese Han family. Materials and Methods: Five affected patients from two families were recruited for this study. Whole-exome sequencing was applied to the probands, and Sanger sequencing was performed for validation. Stringent whole-exome sequence data analyses were performed to evaluate all of the identified pathogenic variants. Results: Two novel variants in the TSPAN12 gene, were identified: a missense variant c.437 T > G (p.Leu146Arg); and a nonsense variant c.477 C > A (p.Cys159*). Both variants cosegregated with the disease in the investigated FEVR-affected families. Additionally, both variants inactivated the ability of TSPAN12 protein to enhance Norrin/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion: This study expands the mutational spectrum of TSPAN12 for FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rulian Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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The structural biology of canonical Wnt signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1765-1780. [PMID: 32725184 PMCID: PMC7458405 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathways are of great importance in embryonic development and oncogenesis. Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways are known, with the canonical (or β-catenin dependent) pathway being perhaps the best studied of these. While structural knowledge of proteins and interactions involved in canonical Wnt signalling has accumulated over the past 20 years, the pace of discovery has increased in recent years, with the structures of several key proteins and assemblies in the pathway being released. In this review, we provide a brief overview of canonical Wnt signalling, followed by a comprehensive overview of currently available X-ray, NMR and cryoEM data elaborating the structures of proteins and interactions involved in canonical Wnt signalling. While the volume of structures available is considerable, numerous gaps in knowledge remain, particularly a comprehensive understanding of the assembly of large multiprotein complexes mediating key aspects of pathway, as well as understanding the structure and activation of membrane receptors in the pathway. Nonetheless, the presently available data affords considerable opportunities for structure-based drug design efforts targeting canonical Wnt signalling.
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Flores Pimentel MA, De la Huerta I, Duncan JL, Slavotinek AM, Moore AT, de Alba Campomanes AG. PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY IN A FAMILY WITH X-LINKED FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY WITH PREVENTION OF VISUAL LOSS IN AN AFFECTED MALE CHILD WITH LASER TREATMENT IN INFANCY. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021; 15:324-329. [PMID: 30074570 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the scope of prenatal diagnosis and early treatment of patients with clinically heterogeneous phenotypic retinal dysplasia associated with NDP gene variants. METHODS Retrospective. Review of electronic medical records. RESULTS Twenty-nine-year-old woman known to carry a NDP gene variant presented to the eye clinic for consultation and risk assessment at her second pregnancy. Her 11-year-old son had bilateral retinal detachment, despite surgical treatment. The family declined prenatal testing. The patient was born full term, was examined, and underwent genetic testing after birth. He was found to have bilateral retinal avascular periphery abnormalities and preretinal hemorrhages on the left eye. The patient received bilateral laser treatment at 2 months of age. He was found to be doing well at 16 months after treatment with adequate visual acuity and flat maculae. The asymptomatic mother and maternal grandfather of the proband were found to have retinal periphery abnormalities with unremarkable posterior pole and excellent visual acuity. CONCLUSION NDP gene variants associated with X-linked familial exudative vitreoretinopathy phenotype benefit from early treatment. Providers who take care of these patients need to monitor closely the pregnancy and delivery of a male child born to a female carrier to offer appropriate and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Flores Pimentel
- Ophthalmology Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Koret Vision Research Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Irina De la Huerta
- Associated Retinal Consultants, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; and
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Ophthalmology Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Koret Vision Research Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Ophthalmology Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Koret Vision Research Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Alejandra G de Alba Campomanes
- Ophthalmology Department, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Koret Vision Research Center, San Francisco, California
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Pathogenic variants and associated phenotypic spectrum of TSPAN12 based on data from a large cohort. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:2929-2939. [PMID: 33907885 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenic variants in TSPAN12 could lead to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), which has high clinical variability. This study aims to assess the pathogenicity of TSPAN12 variants and their phenotypic spectrum based on exome sequencing from 7092 probands with different eye conditions. METHODS The variants in TSPAN12 were selected from exome sequencing data of samples from 7092 probands with different forms of eye conditions. Potentially pathogenic variants were evaluated through the annotation of types, locations, population frequencies, and in silico predictions of variants from in-house data, gnomAD, and published literature. The clinical features of patients with potentially pathogenic variants in TSPAN12 were assessed. RESULTS A total of 45 variants in TSPAN12 with coding effects were detected based on the exome data from 7092 probands, among which 31 were classified as pathogenic variants including 15 novels. The 31 variants were identified in 34 probands with various initial diagnoses, including FEVR in 21 probands and diseases other than FEVR in the remaining 13 probands. Biallelic pathogenic variants were identified in one proband with initial diagnosis of high myopia. CONCLUSION Truncating variants and the missense variants that are predicted as deleterious are likely pathogenic variants of TSPAN12. Approximately 61.8% of patients with pathogenic variants in this gene had an initial diagnosis of FEVR, and the remaining 38.2% of patients had various initial diagnoses. These findings expand the understanding about variant evaluation of TSPAN12 and phenotypic spectrum of TSPAN12-associated FEVR.
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Sun G, Chen J, Ding Y, Wren JD, Xu F, Lu L, Wang Y, Wang DW, Zhang XA. A Bioinformatics Perspective on the Links Between Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:630471. [PMID: 33860000 PMCID: PMC8042132 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.630471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetraspanins and integrins are integral membrane proteins. Tetraspanins interact with integrins to modulate the dynamics of adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling in the form of membrane domains called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEMs also contain other cell adhesion proteins like immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins and claudins. Cardiovascular functions of these TEM proteins have emerged and remain to be further revealed. Objectives: The aims of this study are to explore the roles of these TEM proteins in the cardiovascular system using bioinformatics tools and databases and to highlight the TEM proteins that may functionally associate with cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Methods: For human samples, three databases-GTEx, NCBI-dbGaP, and NCBI-GEO-were used for the analyses. The dbGaP database was used for GWAS analysis to determine the association between target genes and human phenotypes. GEO is an NCBI public repository that archives genomics data. GTEx was used for the analyses of tissue-specific mRNA expression levels and eQTL. For murine samples, GeneNetwork was used to find gene-phenotype correlations and gene-gene correlations of expression levels in mice. The analysis of cardiovascular data was the focus of this study. Results: Some integrins and tetraspanins, such as ITGA8 and Cd151, are highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system. TEM components are associated with multiple cardiovascular pathophysiological events in humans. GWAS and GEO analyses showed that human Cd82 and ITGA9 are associated with blood pressure. Data from mice also suggest that various cardiovascular phenotypes are correlated with integrins and tetraspanins. For instance, Cd82 and ITGA9, again, have correlations with blood pressure in mice. Conclusion: ITGA9 is related to blood pressure in both species. KEGG analysis also linked ITGA9 to metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. This work provides an example of using integrated bioinformatics approaches across different species to identify the connections of structurally and/or functionally related molecules to certain categories of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Junxiong Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yingjun Ding
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Fuyi Xu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-wen Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Kassumeh S, Priglinger SG, Ohlmann A. Norrin mediates opposing effects on tumor progression of glioblastoma stem cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2814-2815. [PMID: 32391807 DOI: 10.1172/jci137254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common human brain cancer entity and is maintained by a glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation. In this issue of the JCI, El-Sehemy and colleagues explored the effects that Norrin, a well-characterized activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, had on tumor growth. Norrin inhibited cell growth via β-catenin signaling in GSCs that had low expression levels of the transcription factor ASCL1. However, Norrin had the opposite effect in GSCs with high ASCL1 expression levels. The modulation of Norrin expression, with respect to high or low ASCL1 levels in GSCs, significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo, and subsequently increased the survival rate of mice. Notably, Norrin mediates enhanced tumor growth of glioblastomas by activating the Notch pathway. This study clarifies the opposing effects of Norrin on glioblastoma tumor growth and provides potential therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment.
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Jiang M, Zhang K, Lv Q, Li L, Fang F. Discovering the role of FZD4 Gene in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:484-489. [PMID: 35068502 PMCID: PMC8751705 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1147_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aims: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Ding Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Xu J, Zheng S, Yang H. Migrasome and Tetraspanins in Vascular Homeostasis: Concept, Present, and Future. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:438. [PMID: 32612990 PMCID: PMC7308473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis. Under noxious stimuli, endothelial cells (ECs) migration always contributes to vascular repair, while enhanced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) will lead to pathological vascular remodeling. Moreover, vascular activities are involved in communication between ECs and VSMCs, between ECs and immune cells, et al. Recently, Ma et al. (2015) discovered a novel migration-dependent organelle “migrasome,” which mediated release of cytoplasmic contents, and this process was defined as “migracytosis.” The formation of migrasome is precisely regulated by tetraspanins (TSPANs), cholesterol and integrins. Migrasomes can be taken up by neighboring cells, and migrasomes are distributed in many kinds of cells and tissues, such as in blood vessel, human serum, and in ischemic brain of human and mouse. In addition, the migrasome elements TSPANs are wildly expressed in cardiovascular system. Therefore, TSPANs, migrasomes and migracytosis might play essential roles in regulating vascular homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss the discoveries of migration-dependent migrasome and migracytosis, migrasome formation, the basic differences between migrasomes and exosomes, the distributions and functions of migrasome, the functions of migrasome elements TSPANs in vascular biology, and discuss the possible roles of migrasomes and migracytosis in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Fubai Eye Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yungang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Ludong Eye Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiongshan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Guangzhou Cadre Health Management Center/Guangzhou Eleventh People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Biofeedback Laboratory, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Role of NDP- and FZD4-Related Novel Mutations Identified in Patients with FEVR in Norrin/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7681926. [PMID: 32420371 PMCID: PMC7201721 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7681926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in NDP and FZD4 have been closely related to a series of retinal diseases including familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Our study was designed to identify novel NDP and FZD4 mutations by whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of patients with a definitive diagnosis of FEVR and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. During 2016, we investigated fifty nonconsanguineous families with affected individuals exhibiting FEVR phenotype and WES identified one recently reported mutation: NDP c.127C>A (p.H43N), and five novel mutations: NDP c.129_131del (p.44del), NDP c.320_353del (p.R107Pfs), NDP c.321delG (p.L108Cfs), NDP c.377G>T (p.C126F), and FZD4 c.314T>G (p.M105R) that cosegragated with the abnormal fundus vascular manifestations in six families. All the mutations were perceived to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic according to the standards and guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and predicted to be deleterious by a series of bioinformatics analyses. We systematically performed functional analyses on the six mutations utilizing the Topflash reporter assay, where all NDP and FZD4 mutants revealed at least 50% loss of wild-type activity. Immunoprecipitation finally demonstrated that the six mutations could degrade the Norrin-Frizzled-4 pair-binding effect to varying degrees. Finally, our study underscores the correlation between the FEVR phenotype and genotype in NDP and FZD4, extending the mutation spectrum, allowing a reliable assessment of FEVR recurrence and improving genetic counseling. Further, our findings provide essential evidence for the follow-up study of animal models and drug targets by Topflash assays and immunoprecipitation.
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Díaz-Coránguez M, Lin CM, Liebner S, Antonetti DA. Norrin restores blood-retinal barrier properties after vascular endothelial growth factor-induced permeability. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4647-4660. [PMID: 32086377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction in several blinding eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. Signaling via the secreted protein norrin through the frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4)/LDL receptor-related protein 5-6 (LRP5-6)/tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12) receptor complex is required for developmental vascularization and BRB formation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that norrin restores BRB properties after VEGF-induced vascular permeability in diabetic rats or in animals intravitreally injected with cytokines. Intravitreal co-injection of norrin with VEGF completely ablated VEGF-induced BRB permeability to Evans Blue-albumin. Likewise, 5-month diabetic rats exhibited increased permeability of FITC-albumin, and a single norrin injection restored BRB properties. These results were corroborated in vitro, where co-stimulation of norrin with VEGF or stimulation of norrin after VEGF exposure restored barrier properties, indicated by electrical resistance or 70-kDa RITC-dextran permeability in primary endothelial cell culture. Interestingly, VEGF promoted norrin signaling by increasing the FZD4 co-receptor TSPAN12 at cell membranes in an MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/ERK-dependent manner. Norrin signaling through β-catenin was required for BRB restoration, but glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β) inhibition did not restore BRB properties. Moreover, levels of the tight junction protein claudin-5 were increased with norrin and VEGF or with VEGF alone, but both norrin and VEGF were required for enriched claudin-5 localization at the tight junction. These results suggest that VEGF simultaneously induces vascular permeability and promotes responsiveness to norrin. Norrin, in turn, restores tight junction complex organization and BRB properties in a β-catenin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Díaz-Coránguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60538 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Moinuddin O, Rao P, Wood EH, Stem MS, Drenser KA, Wolfe JD. The Presence of Wnt Signaling Mutations in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2020; 4:28-35. [PMID: 37009566 PMCID: PMC9976086 DOI: 10.1177/2474126419868889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between poor hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control and risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is well known. Nevertheless, some patients have discordant disease (controlled HbA1c and severe PDR or vice versa). One potential explanation for this discrepancy is the presence of underlying genetic mutations in the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway. However, minimal clinical data exist on the presence of Wnt signaling mutations in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the correlation with diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Retrospective, nonconsecutive case review of patients with type 1 or 2 DM who underwent genetic testing for at least 1 recognized Wnt signaling pathway mutation from 2011 to 2016. The clinical course and retinal images were reviewed for patients with identifiable mutations. Results: Thirty-six patients, ages 13 to 79 years, consented for genetic analysis. Three patients (8.3%) exhibited at least 1 recognized genetic mutation in the Wnt signaling pathway. Case 1 was a 65-year-old female with type 1 diabetes for > 20 years, HbA1c <7.0%, and no findings of diabetic retinopathy (Tetraspanin 12). Case 2 was a 13-year-old male with type 1 diabetes for 8 years, moderate HbA1c control (7.6-8.3%), and absence of diabetic retinopathy (Norrin). Case 3 was a 48-year-old male with severe PDR requiring multiple laser and antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments despite well-controlled HbA1c (6.0%) (Frizzled-4). Conclusion: Wnt signaling pathway mutations exist in patients with DM. Further studies investigating the prevalence and clinical significance of these mutations in a larger diabetic population are warranted. Identification of these patients with genetic testing may enable earlier medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Moinuddin
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prethy Rao
- Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C., William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Edward H. Wood
- Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C., William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell S. Stem
- Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C., William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Drenser
- Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C., William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Wolfe
- Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C., William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy-Related Disease-Causing Genes and Norrin/ β-Catenin Signal Pathway: Structure, Function, and Mutation Spectrums. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:5782536. [PMID: 31827910 PMCID: PMC6885210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5782536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization/abnormality of peripheral retina. Four of the identified disease-causing genes of FEVR were NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12, the protein coded by which were the components of the Norrin/β-catenin signal pathway. In this review, we summarized and discussed the spectrum of mutations involving these four genes. By the end of 2017, the number of FEVR causing mutations reported for NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 was, respectively, 26, 121, 58, and 40. Three most frequently reported mutations were c. 362G > A (p.R121Q) of NDP, c. 313A > G (p.M105V), and c.1282_1285delGACA (p.D428SfsX2) of FZD4. Mutations have a tendency to cluster in some “hotspots” domains which may be responsible for protein interactions.
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Yuan Y, Xu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Z. Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis Identified Novel Mutations in the TSPAN12 Gene in Chinese Families with Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:722-727. [PMID: 31513438 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR, OMIM 133780), characterized by incomplete retinal vascular development and pathological neovascularization, is a severe inherited retinal disorder. Mutations in 10 genes have been reported to be associated with FEVR, but this still leaves ∼50% of FEVR cases to be genetically explained. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify novel FEVR-causing mutations and explore the causative mutations in Chinese FEVR families. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed to analyze the genomic DNA of the probands from 121 Chinese FEVR families. Sanger sequencing was carried out to verify all identified mutations. Luciferase assays were used to test the activity of a mutant protein in the Norrin-β-catenin signaling pathway. Results: Four novel heterozygous TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) mutations, including two single-base substitution mutations and two small-deletion mutations, were identified in these FEVR families: c.1A>G (p.0), c.614G>A (p.G205D), c.695delT (p.V232Gfs*7), and c.833_842del (p.L278Qfs*25). Conclusion: This study revealed the causative mutations in four Chinese FEVR families and identified four novel FEVR-causing mutations, thus expanding the mutation spectrum of FEVR in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Fernandez RJ, Johnson FB. A regulatory loop connecting WNT signaling and telomere capping: possible therapeutic implications for dyskeratosis congenita. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1418:56-68. [PMID: 29722029 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of telomere dysfunction are most apparent in rare inherited syndromes caused by genetic deficiencies in factors that normally maintain telomeres. The principal disease is known as dyskeratosis congenita (DC), but other syndromes with similar underlying genetic defects share some clinical aspects with this disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies for these diseases of telomere dysfunction. Here, we review recent findings demonstrating that dysfunctional (i.e., uncapped) telomeres can downregulate the WNT pathway, and that restoration of WNT signaling helps to recap telomeres by increasing expression of shelterins, proteins that naturally bind and protect telomeres. We discuss how these findings are different from previous observations connecting WNT and telomere biology, and discuss potential links between WNT and clinical manifestations of the DC spectrum of diseases. Finally, we argue for exploring the use of WNT agonists, specifically lithium, as a possible therapeutic approach for patients with DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jesus Fernandez
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Biomedical Graduate Studies, Medical Scientist Training Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Johnson V, Junge HJ, Chen Z. Temporal regulation of axonal repulsion by alternative splicing of a conserved microexon in mammalian Robo1 and Robo2. eLife 2019; 8:e46042. [PMID: 31392959 PMCID: PMC6687390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper connectivity of the nervous system requires temporal and spatial control of axon guidance signaling. As commissural axons navigate across the CNS midline, ROBO-mediated repulsion has traditionally been thought to be repressed before crossing, and then to become upregulated after crossing. The regulation of the ROBO receptors involves multiple mechanisms that control protein expression, trafficking, and activity. Here, we report that mammalian ROBO1 and ROBO2 are not uniformly inhibited precrossing and are instead subject to additional temporal control via alternative splicing at a conserved microexon. The NOVA splicing factors regulate the developmental expression of ROBO1 and ROBO2 variants with small sequence differences and distinct guidance activities. As a result, ROBO-mediated axonal repulsion is activated early in development to prevent premature crossing and becomes inhibited later to allow crossing. Postcrossing, the ROBO1 and ROBO2 isoforms are disinhibited to prevent midline reentry and to guide postcrossing commissural axons to distinct mediolateral positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Johnson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - Harald J Junge
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down SyndromeUniversity of Colorado school of MedicineAuroraUnited States
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Zhang C, Lai MB, Pedler MG, Johnson V, Adams RH, Petrash JM, Chen Z, Junge HJ. Endothelial Cell-Specific Inactivation of TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) Reveals Pathological Consequences of Barrier Defects in an Otherwise Intact Vasculature. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2691-2705. [PMID: 30354230 PMCID: PMC6221394 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Blood-CNS (central nervous system) barrier defects are implicated in retinopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and epilepsy, yet, the pathological mechanisms downstream of barrier defects remain incompletely understood. Blood-retina barrier (BRB) formation and retinal angiogenesis require β-catenin signaling induced by the ligand norrin (NDP [Norrie disease protein]), the receptor FZD4 (frizzled 4), coreceptor LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-like protein 5), and the tetraspanin TSPAN12 (tetraspanin 12). Impaired NDP/FZD4 signaling causes familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, which may lead to blindness. This study seeked to define cell type-specific functions of TSPAN12 in the retina. Approach and Results— A loxP-flanked Tspan12 allele was generated and recombined in endothelial cells using a tamoxifen-inducible Cdh5-CreERT2 driver. Resulting phenotypes were documented using confocal microscopy. RNA-Seq, histopathologic analysis, and electroretinogram were performed on retinas of aged mice. We show that TSPAN12 functions in endothelial cells to promote vascular morphogenesis and BRB formation in developing mice and BRB maintenance in adult mice. Early loss of TSPAN12 in endothelial cells causes lack of intraretinal capillaries and increased VE-cadherin (CDH5 [cadherin5 aka VE-cadherin]) expression, consistent with premature vascular quiescence. Late loss of TSPAN12 strongly impairs BRB maintenance without affecting vascular morphogenesis, pericyte coverage, or perfusion. Long-term BRB defects are associated with immunoglobulin extravasation, complement deposition, cystoid edema, and impaired b-wave in electroretinograms. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional responses to the perturbation of the BRB, including genes involved in vascular basement membrane alterations in diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions— This study establishes mice with late endothelial cell–specific loss of Tspan12 as a model to study pathological consequences of BRB impairment in an otherwise intact vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.Z., M.B.L., V.J., Z.C., H.J.J.)
| | - Maria B Lai
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.Z., M.B.L., V.J., Z.C., H.J.J.)
| | - Michelle G Pedler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (M.G.P., J.M.P.)
| | - Verity Johnson
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.Z., M.B.L., V.J., Z.C., H.J.J.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.H.A.)
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (M.G.P., J.M.P.)
| | - Zhe Chen
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.Z., M.B.L., V.J., Z.C., H.J.J.)
| | - Harald J Junge
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.Z., M.B.L., V.J., Z.C., H.J.J.)
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44
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le Riche A, Aberdam E, Marchand L, Frank E, Jahoda C, Petit I, Bordes S, Closs B, Aberdam D. Extracellular Vesicles from Activated Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulate Hair Follicle Growth Through Dermal Papilla-Secreted Norrin. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1166-1175. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alizée le Riche
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
- SILAB R&D Department; Brive France
| | - Edith Aberdam
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | | | - Elie Frank
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | - Colin Jahoda
- Department of Biosciences; Durham University; Durham United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Petit
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | | | | | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
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45
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Grainger S, Nguyen N, Richter J, Setayesh J, Lonquich B, Oon CH, Wozniak JM, Barahona R, Kamei CN, Houston J, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Drummond IA, Gonzalez D, Willert K, Traver D. EGFR is required for Wnt9a-Fzd9b signalling specificity in haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:721-730. [PMID: 31110287 PMCID: PMC6559346 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling drives a plethora of processes in development, homeostasis, and disease; however, the role and mechanism of individual ligand/receptor (Wnt/Frizzled, Fzd) interactions in specific biological processes remain poorly understood. Wnt9a is specifically required for the amplification of blood progenitor cells during development. Using genetic studies in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells, paired with in vitro cell biology and biochemistry, we have determined that Wnt9a signals specifically through Fzd9b to elicit β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling that regulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence. We demonstrate that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required as a co-factor for Wnt9a/Fzd9b signalling. EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of one tyrosine residue on the Fzd9b intracellular tail in response to Wnt9a promotes internalization of the Wnt9a/Fzd9b/LRP signalosome and subsequent signal transduction. These findings provide mechanistic insights for specific Wnt/Fzd signals, which will be crucial for specific therapeutic targeting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jenna Richter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Setayesh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Lonquich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chet Huan Oon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rocio Barahona
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caramai N Kamei
- Massachusetts General Hospital Nephrology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack Houston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Massachusetts General Hospital Nephrology Division, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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46
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Xu C, Tian G, Jiang C, Xue H, Kuerbanjiang M, Sun L, Gu L, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Xu Q. NPTX2 promotes colorectal cancer growth and liver metastasis by the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via FZD6. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 30833544 PMCID: PMC6399240 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies has highlighted the close correlation between the individual risk of cancer and nervous system diseases. The expression of neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) is absent in Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, and depression. Herein, we found that NPTX2 mRNA and protein expression was significantly upregulated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). NPTX2 expression level gradually increased with CRC progression and was closely associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that NPTX2 promoted CRC proliferation and metastasis through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As NPTX2 receptors are absent on CRC cells, NPTX2 was shown to physically interact with frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6) to promote β-catenin translocation into the cell nucleus, resulting in an increase in the expression of MYC, cyclin D1, snail, and N-cadherin along with a decrease in the expression of E-cadherin. Knockdown of FZD6 expression with a small-interfering RNA almost completely reversed the proliferative effects of NPTX2 on CRC development. In conclusion, NPTX2, a molecule related to nervous system diseases, promotes CRC cell proliferation and metastasis through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via direct interaction with FZD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Guangang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hanbing Xue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, P.R. China
| | - Manzila Kuerbanjiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Longci Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
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47
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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48
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Interplay of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b signaling systems in blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier development and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11827-E11836. [PMID: 30478038 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813217115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin signaling controls the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-retina barrier (BRB), but the division of labor and degree of redundancy between the two principal ligand-receptor systems-the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b systems-are incompletely defined. Here, we present a loss-of-function genetic analysis of postnatal BBB and BRB maintenance in mice that shows striking threshold and partial redundancy effects. In particular, the combined loss of Wnt7a and Norrin or Wnt7a and Frizzled4 (Fz4) leads to anatomically localized BBB defects that are far more severe than observed with loss of Wnt7a, Norrin, or Fz4 alone. In the cerebellum, selective loss of Wnt7a in glia combined with ubiquitous loss of Norrin recapitulates the phenotype observed with ubiquitous loss of both Wnt7a and Norrin, implying that glia are the source of Wnt7a in the cerebellum. Tspan12, a coactivator of Norrin signaling in the retina, is also active in BBB maintenance but is less potent than Norrin, consistent with a model in which Tspan12 enhances the amplitude of the Norrin signal in vascular endothelial cells. Finally, in the context of a partially impaired Norrin system, the retina reveals a small contribution to BRB development from the Wnt7a/Wnt7b system. Taken together, these experiments define the extent of CNS region-specific cooperation for several components of the Norrin and Wnt7a/Wnt7b systems, and they reveal substantial regional heterogeneity in the extent to which partially redundant ligands, receptors, and coactivators maintain the BBB and BRB.
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49
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Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
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50
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Understanding the evolving phenotype of vascular complications in telomere biology disorders. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:95-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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