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Sy SKH, Ko H. Fish-on-Chips: unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2351-2353. [PMID: 38526270 PMCID: PMC11090447 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K H Sy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH, Ko H)
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH, Ko H)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH)
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH)
| | - Ho Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH, Ko H)
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Sy SKH, Ko H)
- Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Center for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Ko H)
- Lau Tat-chuen Research Center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Ko H)
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Ko H)
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2
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Hiraki-Kajiyama T, Miyasaka N, Ando R, Wakisaka N, Itoga H, Onami S, Yoshihara Y. An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25619. [PMID: 38831653 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Ethology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miyasaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiko Ando
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Wakisaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroya Itoga
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Life Science Data Sharing Unit, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Palieri V, Paoli E, Wu YK, Haesemeyer M, Grunwald Kadow IC, Portugues R. The preoptic area and dorsal habenula jointly support homeostatic navigation in larval zebrafish. Curr Biol 2024; 34:489-504.e7. [PMID: 38211586 PMCID: PMC10849091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Animals must maintain physiological processes within an optimal temperature range despite changes in their environment. Through behavioral assays, whole-brain functional imaging, and neural ablations, we show that larval zebrafish, an ectothermic vertebrate, achieves thermoregulation through homeostatic navigation-non-directional and directional movements toward the temperature closest to its physiological setpoint. A brain-wide circuit encompassing several brain regions enables this behavior. We identified the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (PoA) as a key brain structure in triggering non-directional reorientation when thermal conditions are worsening. This result shows an evolutionary conserved role of the PoA as principal thermoregulator of the brain also in ectotherms. We further show that the habenula (Hb)-interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) circuit retains a short-term memory of the sensory history to support the generation of coherent directed movements even in the absence of continuous sensory cues. We finally provide evidence that this circuit may not be exclusive for temperature but may convey a more abstract representation of relative valence of physiologically meaningful stimuli regardless of their specific identity to enable homeostatic navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Palieri
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Emanuele Paoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - You Kure Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Haesemeyer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty (UKB), Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ruben Portugues
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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4
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An optofluidic platform for interrogating chemosensory behavior and brainwide neural representation in larval zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:227. [PMID: 36641479 PMCID: PMC9840631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying chemosensory processing desires precise chemical cue presentation, behavioral response monitoring, and large-scale neuronal activity recording. Here we present Fish-on-Chips, a set of optofluidic tools for highly-controlled chemical delivery while simultaneously imaging behavioral outputs and whole-brain neuronal activities at cellular resolution in larval zebrafish. These include a fluidics-based swimming arena and an integrated microfluidics-light sheet fluorescence microscopy (µfluidics-LSFM) system, both of which utilize laminar fluid flows to achieve spatiotemporally precise chemical cue presentation. To demonstrate the strengths of the platform, we used the navigation arena to reveal binasal input-dependent behavioral strategies that larval zebrafish adopt to evade cadaverine, a death-associated odor. The µfluidics-LSFM system enables sequential presentation of odor stimuli to individual or both nasal cavities separated by only ~100 µm. This allowed us to uncover brainwide neural representations of cadaverine sensing and binasal input summation in the vertebrate model. Fish-on-Chips is readily generalizable and will empower the investigation of neural coding in the chemical senses.
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5
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Zohar Y, Zmora N, Trudeau VL, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Golan M. A half century of fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Breaking paradigms. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13069. [PMID: 34913529 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) is also celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. This review provides a chronological history of fish GnRH biology over the past five decades. It demonstrates how discoveries in fish regarding GnRH and GnRH receptor multiplicity, dynamic interactions between GnRH neurons, and additional neuroendocrine factors acting alongside GnRH, amongst others, have driven a paradigm shift in our understanding of GnRH systems and functions in vertebrates, including mammals. The role of technological innovations in enabling scientific discoveries is portrayed, as well as how fundamental research in fish GnRH led to translational outcomes in aquaculture. The interchange between fish and mammalian GnRH research is discussed, as is the value and utility of using fish models for advancing GnRH biology. Current challenges and future perspectives are presented, with the hope of expanding the dialogue and collaborations within the neuroendocrinology scientific community at large, capitalizing on diversifying model animals and the use of comparative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nilli Zmora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences and University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz and European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Matan Golan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Letziyon, Israel
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6
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Reddy G, Desban L, Tanaka H, Roussel J, Mirat O, Wyart C. A lexical approach for identifying behavioural action sequences. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009672. [PMID: 35007275 PMCID: PMC8782473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals display characteristic behavioural patterns when performing a task, such as the spiraling of a soaring bird or the surge-and-cast of a male moth searching for a female. Identifying such recurring sequences occurring rarely in noisy behavioural data is key to understanding the behavioural response to a distributed stimulus in unrestrained animals. Existing models seek to describe the dynamics of behaviour or segment individual locomotor episodes rather than to identify the rare and transient sequences of locomotor episodes that make up the behavioural response. To fill this gap, we develop a lexical, hierarchical model of behaviour. We designed an unsupervised algorithm called "BASS" to efficiently identify and segment recurring behavioural action sequences transiently occurring in long behavioural recordings. When applied to navigating larval zebrafish, BASS extracts a dictionary of remarkably long, non-Markovian sequences consisting of repeats and mixtures of slow forward and turn bouts. Applied to a novel chemotaxis assay, BASS uncovers chemotactic strategies deployed by zebrafish to avoid aversive cues consisting of sequences of fast large-angle turns and burst swims. In a simulated dataset of soaring gliders climbing thermals, BASS finds the spiraling patterns characteristic of soaring behaviour. In both cases, BASS succeeds in identifying rare action sequences in the behaviour deployed by freely moving animals. BASS can be easily incorporated into the pipelines of existing behavioural analyses across diverse species, and even more broadly used as a generic algorithm for pattern recognition in low-dimensional sequential data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Reddy
- NSF-Simons Center for Mathematical & Statistical Analysis of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura Desban
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research, Inc., East Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julian Roussel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Mirat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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7
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Qin J, Wang M, Zhao T, Xiao X, Li X, Yang J, Yi L, Goffinet AM, Qu Y, Zhou L. Early Forebrain Neurons and Scaffold Fibers in Human Embryos. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:913-928. [PMID: 31298263 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, areal organization, and pioneer axon wiring are critical events during early forebrain development, yet remain incompletely understood, especially in human. Here, we studied forebrain development in human embryos aged 5 to 8 postconceptional weeks (WPC5-8), stages that correspond to the neuroepithelium/early marginal zone (WPC5), telencephalic preplate (WPC6 & 7), and incipient cortical plate (WPC8). We show that early telencephalic neurons are formed at the neuroepithelial stage; the most precocious ones originate from local telencephalic neuroepithelium and possibly from the olfactory placode. At the preplate stage, forebrain organization is quite similar in human and mouse in terms of areal organization and of differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells, pioneer neurons, and axons. Like in mice, axons from pioneer neurons in prethalamus, ventral telencephalon, and cortical preplate cross the diencephalon-telencephalon junction and the pallial-subpallial boundary, forming scaffolds that could guide thalamic and cortical axons at later stages. In accord with this model, at the early cortical plate stage, corticofugal axons run in ventral telencephalon in close contact with scaffold neurons, which express CELSR3 and FZD3, two molecules that regulates formation of similar scaffolds in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Qin
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Meizhi Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Lisha Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Andre M Goffinet
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, P R China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Jinan University Guangzhou, P R China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, P R China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, P R China
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8
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Song Y, Peng W, Luo J, Zhu Z, Hu W. Organization of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (Lpxrfa) system in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 304:113722. [PMID: 33485851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion in birds and mammals. However, the role of GnIH (Lpxrfa) in teleosts is unknown. In this study, a transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) line Tg(gnih:mCherry) was developed to determine the organization of GnIH neurons in the brain. Another transgenic line, Tg(gnih:mCherry; gnrh3:eGFP), was established to determine the positional relationships between GnIH and GnRH3 neurons. In these transgenic lines, the mCherry protein was specifically expressed in GnIH neurons, and eGFP was expressed exclusively in GnRH3 neurons. We found that GnIH cell somata were restricted to the posterior periventricular nucleus (NPPv). Most GnIH neuronal processes projected to the hypothalamus, but a few extended to the posterior tuberculum, telencephalon, and olfactory bulb. GnIH neuronal processes were in close apposition with GnRH3 cell somata and processes in the preoptic-hypothalamic area but were seldom in direct contact. However, in the olfactory bulb, GnIH neuronal processes were in proximity to the terminal nerve GnRH3 cell somata. Neither GnIH cell soma nor neuronal processes were detected in the pituitary, although GnIH receptor mRNAs (npffr1l1, npffr1l2, and npffr1l3) were detected. Intraperitoneal administration of GnIH-3 peptides promoted the transcription of brain gnrh3 as well as pituitary fshβ but not lhβ. Thus, GnIH cell somata were specifically distributed in the NPPv, and their fibers extended to the hypothalamus and advanced to the telencephalon and olfactory bulb. We conclude that GnIH may directly stimulate terminal nerve GnRH3 neurons in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Junzhi Luo
- Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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9
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Ogawa S, Pfaff DW, Parhar IS. Fish as a model in social neuroscience: conservation and diversity in the social brain network. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:999-1020. [PMID: 33559323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in the actual behaviour patterns amongst nearly 30000 fish species. The huge variation found in socio-sexual behaviours and strategies is likely generated by a morphologically and genetically well-conserved small forebrain system. Hence, teleost fish provide a useful model to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying social brain functions. Herein we review the foundations underlying fish social behaviours including sensory, hormonal, molecular and neuroanatomical features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons clearly play important roles, but the participation of vasotocin and isotocin is also highlighted. Genetic investigations of developing fish brain have revealed the molecular complexity of neural development of the SBN. In addition to straightforward social behaviours such as sex and aggression, new experiments have revealed higher order and unique phenomena such as social eavesdropping and social buffering in fish. Finally, observations interpreted as 'collective cognition' in fish can likely be explained by careful observation of sensory determinants and analyses using the dynamics of quantitative scaling. Understanding of the functions of the SBN in fish provide clues for understanding the origin and evolution of higher social functions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, U.S.A
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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10
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Abstract
Vertebrates develop an olfactory system that detects odorants and pheromones through their interaction with specialized cell surface receptors on olfactory sensory neurons. During development, the olfactory system forms from the olfactory placodes, specialized areas of the anterior ectoderm that share cellular and molecular properties with placodes involved in the development of other cranial senses. The early-diverging chordate lineages amphioxus, tunicates, lampreys and hagfishes give insight into how this system evolved. Here, we review olfactory system development and cell types in these lineages alongside chemosensory receptor gene evolution, integrating these data into a description of how the vertebrate olfactory system evolved. Some olfactory system cell types predate the vertebrates, as do some of the mechanisms specifying placodes, and it is likely these two were already connected in the common ancestor of vertebrates and tunicates. In stem vertebrates, this evolved into an organ system integrating additional tissues and morphogenetic processes defining distinct olfactory and adenohypophyseal components, followed by splitting of the ancestral placode to produce the characteristic paired olfactory organs of most modern vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Poncelet
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Sebastian M Shimeld
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
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11
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Larval Zebrafish Use Olfactory Detection of Sodium and Chloride to Avoid Salt Water. Curr Biol 2020; 31:782-793.e3. [PMID: 33338431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salinity levels constrain the habitable environment of all aquatic organisms. Zebrafish are freshwater fish that cannot tolerate high-salt environments and would therefore benefit from neural mechanisms that enable the navigation of salt gradients to avoid high salinity. Yet zebrafish lack epithelial sodium channels, the primary conduit land animals use to taste sodium. This suggests fish may possess novel, undescribed mechanisms for salt detection. In the present study, we show that zebrafish indeed respond to small temporal increases in salt by reorienting more frequently. Further, we use calcium imaging techniques to identify the olfactory system as the primary sense used for salt detection, and we find that a specific subset of olfactory receptor neurons encodes absolute salinity concentrations by detecting monovalent anions and cations. In summary, our study establishes that zebrafish larvae have the ability to navigate and thus detect salinity gradients and that this is achieved through previously undescribed sensory mechanisms for salt detection.
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12
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Quan FB, Desban L, Mirat O, Kermarquer M, Roussel J, Koëth F, Marnas H, Djenoune L, Lejeune FX, Tostivint H, Wyart C. Somatostatin 1.1 contributes to the innate exploration of zebrafish larva. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15235. [PMID: 32943676 PMCID: PMC7499426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological experiments indicate that neuropeptides can effectively tune neuronal activity and modulate locomotor output patterns. However, their functions in shaping innate locomotion often remain elusive. For example, somatostatin has been previously shown to induce locomotion when injected in the brain ventricles but to inhibit fictive locomotion when bath-applied in the spinal cord in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of somatostatin in innate locomotion through a genetic approach by knocking out somatostatin 1.1 (sst1.1) in zebrafish. We automated and carefully analyzed the kinematics of locomotion over a hundred of thousand bouts from hundreds of mutant and control sibling larvae. We found that the deletion of sst1.1 did not impact acousto-vestibular escape responses but led to abnormal exploration. sst1.1 mutant larvae swam over larger distance, at higher speed and performed larger tail bends, indicating that Somatostatin 1.1 inhibits spontaneous locomotion. Altogether our study demonstrates that Somatostatin 1.1 innately contributes to slowing down spontaneous locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng B Quan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS UMR 7221, Paris, France
| | - Laura Desban
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Olivier Mirat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Kermarquer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julian Roussel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Koëth
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Marnas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Djenoune
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS UMR 7221, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Campus Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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13
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Servili A, Canario AVM, Mouchel O, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Climate change impacts on fish reproduction are mediated at multiple levels of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 291:113439. [PMID: 32061640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have generated rapid variations in atmospheric composition which drives major climate changes. Climate change related effects include changes in physico-chemical proprieties of sea and freshwater, such as variations in water temperature, salinity, pH/pCO2 and oxygen content, which can impact fish critical physiological functions including reproduction. In this context, the main aim of the present review is to discuss how climate change related effects (variation in water temperature and salinity, increases in duration and frequency of hypoxia events, water acidification) would impact reproduction by affecting the neuroendocrine axis (brain-pituitary-gonad axis). Variations in temperature and photoperiod regimes are known to strongly affect sex differentiation and the timing and phenology of spawning period in several fish species. Temperature mainly acts at the level of gonad by interfering with steroidogenesis, (notably on gonadal aromatase activity) and gametogenesis. Temperature is also directly involved in the quality of released gametes and embryos development. Changes in salinity or water acidification are especially associated with reduction of sperm quality and reproductive output. Hypoxia events are able to interact with gonad steroidogenesis by acting on the steroids precursor cholesterol availability or directly on aromatase action, with an impact on the quality of gametes and reproductive success. Climate change related effects on water parameters likely influence also the reproductive behavior of fish. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of these effects are not always understood, in this review we discuss different hypothesis and propose future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Olivier Mouchel
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - José Antonio Muñoz-Cueto
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR, Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3) and European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), E11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Umatani C, Oka Y. Multiple functions of non-hypophysiotropic gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons in vertebrates. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:23. [PMID: 31367467 PMCID: PMC6647275 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypophysiotropic hormone that is generally thought to be important for reproduction. This hormone is produced by hypothalamic GnRH neurons and stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins. On the other hand, vertebrates also have non-hypophysiotropic GnRH peptides, which are produced by extrahypothalamic GnRH neurons. They are mainly located in the terminal nerve, midbrain tegmentum, trigeminal nerve, and spinal cord (sympathetic preganglionic nerves). In vertebrates, there are typically three gnrh paralogues (gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrh3). GnRH-expression in the non-hypophysiotropic neurons (gnrh1 or gnrh3 in the terminal nerve and the trigeminal nerve, gnrh2 in the midbrain tegmentum) occurs from the early developmental stages. Recent studies have suggested that non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons play various functional roles. Here, we summarize their anatomical/physiological properties and discuss their possible functions, focusing on studies in vertebrates. GnRH neurons in the terminal nerve show different spontaneous firing properties during the developmental stages. These neurons in adulthood show regular pacemaker firing, and it has been suggested that these neurons show neuromodulatory function related to the regulation of behavioral motivation, etc. In addition to their recognized role in neuromodulation in adult, in juvenile fish, these neurons, which show more frequent burst firing than in adults, are suggested to have novel functions. GnRH neurons in the midbrain tegmentum show regular pacemaker firing similar to that of the adult terminal nerve and are suggested to be involved in modulations of feeding (teleosts) or nutrition-related sexual behaviors (musk shrew). GnRH neurons in the trigeminal nerve are suggested to be involved in nociception and chemosensory avoidance, although the literature on their electrophysiological properties is limited. Sympathetic preganglionic cells in the spinal cord were first reported as peptidergic modulatory neurons releasing GnRH with a putative function in coordinating interaction between vasomotor and exocrine outflow in the sympathetic nervous system. The functional role of non-hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons may thus be in the global modulation of neural circuits in a manner dependent on internal conditions or the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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Active mechanosensory feedback during locomotion in the zebrafish spinal cord. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 52:48-53. [PMID: 29704750 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of mechanosensory feedback to locomotion has been hindered by the challenge of recording neurons in motion. Genetic accessibility and optical transparency of zebrafish larvae provide means to revisit this question. Glutamatergic Rohon-Beard (RB) and GABAergic CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are spinal mechanosensory neurons. Recent studies combining bioluminescence, silencing and optogenetic activation show that mechanosensory neurons enhance speed and stabilize posture during locomotion. RB neurons can modulate speed by projecting onto glutamatergic premotor V2a interneurons during fast swimming, while CSF-cNs inhibit V0-v interneurons sustaining slow swimming. Sensory gating, either through inhibition of sensory interneurons (CoPA) or though the direct inhibition of primary motor neurons by CSF-cNs, mediates postural control. Advanced optical methods have shed light on the dynamics of sensorimotor integration during active locomotion unraveling implications for translational research.
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