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Qin Z, Liang W, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang T, Chen Q, Guo B, Zhong Y, Kang H, Wang L. Activated KRAS reprograms neural progenitor cells to glioma stem cell‑like phenotype. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:88. [PMID: 37326110 PMCID: PMC10552691 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the origin of gliomagenesis and may develop from normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, how neoplastic transformation occurs in normal NPCs and the role of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway in NPC transformation is unclear. The present study generated NPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying gene alterations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway. The CCK‑8 proliferation, single‑cell clonal expansion, cell migration, RT‑qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, transcriptome and Seahorse analyses, and intracranial implantation assay were performed to identify the characterization of transformed NPCs in vitro and in vivo. Brain organoids were used to verify the phenotypes transforming in NPCs. KRAS‑activated NPCs exhibited increased proliferation and migration in vitro. KRAS‑activated NPCs showed atypical morphology and formed aggressive tumors in immunodeficient mice. At the molecular level, KRAS‑activated NPCs displayed neoplasm‑associated metabolic and gene expression profiles. Moreover, activation of KRAS led to substantial cell proliferation and abnormal structure in ESC‑derived brain organoids. The present study showed that activated KRAS transformed normal NPCs to GSC‑like cells and established a simple cellular model to investigate gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Baoyin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632
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Laviv Y, Sapirstein E, Kanner AA, Berkowitz S, Fichman S, Benouaich-Amiel A, Yust-Katz S, Kasper EE, Siegal T. Significant Systemic Insulin Resistance is Associated With Unique Glioblastoma Multiforme Phenotype. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231207725. [PMID: 37920781 PMCID: PMC10619354 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231207725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Some glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are characterized by the presence of gemistocytes (GCs), a unique phenotype of reactive astrocytes. Certain GCs can be identified as neoplastic cells but these cells were also found to be associated with diabetes in non-neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system. Our aim was to find a correlation between insulin - resistance metabolic features and the presence of GCs in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Methods Medical records from histologically confirmed GBM patients were retrospectively extracted for different systemic metabolic variables. A statistic-based comparison was made between GBM, diabetic patients with and without GC. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes (ie, hemoglobin A1C ⩾ 8.0) were also compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 220 newly diagnosed GBM patients were included in our study. 58 (26.3%) patients had a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) at the time of admission. The rate of poorly-controlled DM2 was nearly as twice in the GC-GBM group than in the non-GC GBM group (18.75% vs 9.5%; P = .130). In the DM2 cohort, the subgroup of GC-GBM was significantly associated with demographic and metabolic features related to insulin resistance such as male gender predominance (89% vs 50%, P = .073) and morbid obesity (weight ⩾85 kg: OR 6.16; P = .0019 and mean BMI: 34.1 ± 11.42 vs 28.7 ± 5.44; P = .034 for group with and without GCs, respectively). In the poorly-controlled DM2 group, none of the GC-GBM patients were using insulin prior to diagnosis, compared to 61.1% in the non-GC GBM patients (OR = 0.04, P = .045). Conclusion Systemic metabolic factors related to marked insulin resistance (DM2, morbid obesity, male gender) are associated with a unique histologic phenotype of GBM, characterized by the presence of GCs. This feature is prominent in poorly-controlled DM2 GBM patients who are not using synthetic insulin. This novel finding may add to the growing data on the relevance of glucose metabolism in astrocytes and in astrocytes associated with high-grade gliomas. In GBM patients, a correlation between patients' metabolic status, tumor's histologic phenotype, tumor's molecular changes, use of anti-diabetic drugs and the respective impact of these factor on survival warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Laviv
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilat Sapirstein
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew A Kanner
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Berkowitz
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Suzana Fichman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pathology Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shlomit Yust-Katz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ekkehard E Kasper
- Neurosurgery Department, St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tali Siegal
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor suppresses glioblastoma multiforme through cell reprogramming: Involvement of PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174837. [PMID: 35218719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type and lethal form of primary malignant brain tumor, accounting for about 40-50% of intracranial tumors and without effective treatments now. Cell reprogramming is one of the emerging treatment approaches for GBM, which can reprogram glioblastomas into non-tumor cells to achieve therapeutic effects. However, anti-GBM drugs through reprogramming can only provide limited symptom relief, and cannot completely cure GBM. Here we showed that PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, suppressed GBM's proliferation, colony formation, migration and reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes. Analysis of quantitative proteomics data after PT109 administration of human GBM cells showed significant influence of energy metabolism, cell cycle, and immune system processes of GBM-associated protein. Metabolomics analysis showed that PT109 improved the aerobic respiration process in glioma cells. Meanwhile, we found that PT109 could significantly increase the ratio of Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM1/2) by reducing the level of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1). Altogether, this work developed a novel anti-GBM small molecule PT109, which reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes and changed the metabolic pattern of GBM through the PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway, providing a new strategy for the development of anti-glioma drugs.
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Stanke KM, Wilson C, Kidambi S. High Expression of Glycolytic Genes in Clinical Glioblastoma Patients Correlates With Lower Survival. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:752404. [PMID: 35004842 PMCID: PMC8740031 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.752404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, is associated with a median survival at diagnosis of 16–20 months and limited treatment options. The key hallmark of GBM is altered tumor metabolism and marked increase in the rate of glycolysis. Aerobic glycolysis along with elevated glucose consumption and lactate production supports rapid cell proliferation and GBM growth. In this study, we examined the gene expression profile of metabolic targets in GBM samples from patients with lower grade glioma (LGG) and GBM. We found that gene expression of glycolytic enzymes is up-regulated in GBM samples and significantly associated with an elevated risk for developing GBM. Our findings of clinical outcomes showed that GBM patients with high expression of HK2 and PKM2 in the glycolysis related genes and low expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism-SDHB and COX5A related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), respectively, was associated with poor patient overall survival. Surprisingly, expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are markedly increased in GBM compared to LGG but was lower compared to normal brain. The fact that in GBM the expression levels of TCA cycle and OXPHOS-related genes are higher than those in LGG patients suggests the metabolic shift in GBM cells when progressing from LGG to GBM. These results are an important step forward in our understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in glioma as drivers of the tumor and could be potential prognostic targets in GBM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Stanke
- Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Carrick Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Bizzarri M, Giuliani A, Cucina A, Minini M. Redifferentiation therapeutic strategies in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:731-738. [PMID: 32027971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The widely recognized problems of pharmacological strategies based on killing cancer cells demand a rethink of therapeutic approaches. Tumor reversion strategies that aim to shift cancer cells to a healthy differentiated state are a promising alternative. Although many studies have firmly demonstrated the possibility of reverting cancer to a normal differentiated state, we are still unable (with the exception of retinoic acid in a form of leukemia) to revert cancer cells to a stable differentiated healthy state. Here, we review the main biological bases of redifferentiation strategies and provide a description of the most promising research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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