1
|
Combémorel N, Cavell N, Tyser RCV. Early heart development: examining the dynamics of function-form emergence. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1579-1589. [PMID: 38979619 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, the heart undergoes a remarkable and complex transformation, acquiring its iconic four-chamber structure whilst concomitantly contracting to maintain its essential function. The emergence of cardiac form and function involves intricate interplays between molecular, cellular, and biomechanical events, unfolding with precision in both space and time. The dynamic morphological remodelling of the developing heart renders it particularly vulnerable to congenital defects, with heart malformations being the most common type of congenital birth defect (∼35% of all congenital birth defects). This mini-review aims to give an overview of the morphogenetic processes which govern early heart formation as well as the dynamics and mechanisms of early cardiac function. Moreover, we aim to highlight some of the interplay between these two processes and discuss how recent findings and emerging techniques/models offer promising avenues for future exploration. In summary, the developing heart is an exciting model to gain fundamental insight into the dynamic relationship between form and function, which will augment our understanding of cardiac congenital defects and provide a blueprint for potential therapeutic strategies to treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Combémorel
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
| | - Natasha Cavell
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
| | - Richard C V Tyser
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamashita E, Negishi S, Kikuta J, Shimizu M, Senpuku H. Effects of Improper Mechanical Force on the Production of Sonic Hedgehog, RANKL, and IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38668020 PMCID: PMC11049549 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Improper mechanical stress may induce side effects during orthodontic treatment. If the roots and alveolar bones are extensively resorbed following excess mechanical stress, unplanned tooth mobility and inflammation can occur. Although multiple factors are believed to contribute to the development of side effects, the cause is still unknown. Sonic hedgehog (Shh), one of the hedgehog signals significantly associated with cell growth and cancer development, promotes osteoclast formation in the jawbone. Shh may be associated with root and bone resorptions during orthodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the relationships between Shh, RANKL, and IL-6 in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells exposed to improper mechanical force. Weights were placed on hPDL cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for an optimal orthodontic force group (1.0 g/cm2) and a heavy orthodontic force group (4.0 g/cm2). A group with no orthodontic force was used as a control group. Real-time PCR, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting were performed to examine the effects of orthodontic forces on the expression of Shh, RANKL, and IL-6 at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after the addition of pressure. The protein expression of Shh was not clearly induced by orthodontic forces of 1.0 and 4.0 g/cm2 compared with the control in HGFs and hPDL cells. In contrast, RANKL and IL-6 gene and protein expression was significantly induced by 1.0 and 4.0 g/cm2 in hPDL cells for forces lasting 6~24 h. However, neither protein was expressed in HGFs. RANKL and IL-6 expressions in response to orthodontic forces and in the control were clearly inhibited by Shh inhibitor RU-SKI 43. Shh did not directly link to RANKL and IL-6 for root and bone resorptions by orthodontic force but was associated with cell activities to be finally guided by the production of cytokines in hPDL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yamashita
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Shinichi Negishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (E.Y.); (S.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University of School at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morishita Y, Lee SW, Suzuki T, Yokoyama H, Kamei Y, Tamura K, Kawasumi-Kita A. An archetype and scaling of developmental tissue dynamics across species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8199. [PMID: 38081837 PMCID: PMC10713982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphometric studies have revealed the existence of simple geometric relationships among various animal shapes. However, we have little knowledge of the mathematical principles behind the morphogenetic dynamics that form the organ/body shapes of different species. Here, we address this issue by focusing on limb morphogenesis in Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). To compare the deformation dynamics between tissues with different sizes/shapes as well as their developmental rates, we introduce a species-specific rescaled spatial coordinate and a common clock necessary for cross-species synchronization of developmental times. We find that tissue dynamics are well conserved across species under this spacetime coordinate system, at least from the early stages of development through the phase when basic digit patterning is established. For this developmental period, we also reveal that the tissue dynamics of both species are mapped with each other through a time-variant linear transformation in real physical space, from which hypotheses on a species-independent archetype of tissue dynamics and morphogenetic scaling are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Optics and Bioimaging Facility, Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Aiko Kawasumi-Kita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raiola M, Sendra M, Torres M. Imaging Approaches and the Quantitative Analysis of Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:145. [PMID: 37103024 PMCID: PMC10144158 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart morphogenesis is a complex and dynamic process that has captivated researchers for almost a century. This process involves three main stages, during which the heart undergoes growth and folding on itself to form its common chambered shape. However, imaging heart development presents significant challenges due to the rapid and dynamic changes in heart morphology. Researchers have used different model organisms and developed various imaging techniques to obtain high-resolution images of heart development. Advanced imaging techniques have allowed the integration of multiscale live imaging approaches with genetic labeling, enabling the quantitative analysis of cardiac morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the various imaging techniques used to obtain high-resolution images of whole-heart development. We also review the mathematical approaches used to quantify cardiac morphogenesis from 3D and 3D+time images and to model its dynamics at the tissue and cellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomedica, ETSI de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Sendra
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hack JM, Anwar NZ, Jackson JG, Furth ME, Varner VD. Quantifying endodermal strains during heart tube formation in the developing chicken embryo. J Biomech 2023; 149:111481. [PMID: 36787674 PMCID: PMC10163833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In the early avian embryo, the developing heart forms when bilateral fields of cardiac progenitor cells, which reside in the lateral plate mesoderm, move toward the embryonic midline, and fuse above the anterior intestinal portal (AIP) to form a straight, muscle-wrapped tube. During this process, the precardiac mesoderm remains in close contact with the underlying endoderm. Previous work has shown that the endoderm around the AIP actively contracts to pull the cardiac progenitors toward the midline. The morphogenetic deformations associated with this endodermal convergence, however, remain unclear, as do the signaling pathways that might regulate this process. Here, we fluorescently labeled populations of endodermal cells in early chicken embryos and tracked their motion during heart tube formation to compute time-varying strains along the anterior endoderm. We then determined how the computed endodermal strain distributions are affected by the pharmacological inhibition of either myosin II or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Our data indicate that a mediolateral gradient in endodermal shortening is present around the AIP, as well as substantial convergence and extension movements both anterior and lateral to the AIP. These active endodermal deformations are disrupted if either actomyosin contractility or FGF signaling are inhibited pharmacologically. Taken together, these results demonstrate how active deformations along the anterior endoderm contribute to heart tube formation within the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Nareen Z Anwar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - John G Jackson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Meagan E Furth
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cable J, Arlotta P, Parker KK, Hughes AJ, Goodwin K, Mummery CL, Kamm RD, Engle SJ, Tagle DA, Boj SF, Stanton AE, Morishita Y, Kemp ML, Norfleet DA, May EE, Lu A, Bashir R, Feinberg AW, Hull SM, Gonzalez AL, Blatchley MR, Montserrat Pulido N, Morizane R, McDevitt TC, Mishra D, Mulero-Russe A. Engineering multicellular living systems-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:183-195. [PMID: 36177947 PMCID: PMC9771928 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer complex multicellular systems has enormous potential to inform our understanding of biological processes and disease and alter the drug development process. Engineering living systems to emulate natural processes or to incorporate new functions relies on a detailed understanding of the biochemical, mechanical, and other cues between cells and between cells and their environment that result in the coordinated action of multicellular systems. On April 3-6, 2022, experts in the field met at the Keystone symposium "Engineering Multicellular Living Systems" to discuss recent advances in understanding how cells cooperate within a multicellular system, as well as recent efforts to engineer systems like organ-on-a-chip models, biological robots, and organoids. Given the similarities and common themes, this meeting was held in conjunction with the symposium "Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology and LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra J Engle
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danilo A Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice E Stanton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dennis A Norfleet
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elebeoba E May
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Wisconsin Institute of Discovery and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aric Lu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Draper Laboratory, Biological Engineering Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anjelica L Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael R Blatchley
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- The Gladstone Institutes and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana Mulero-Russe
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohtsuka D, Kida N, Lee SW, Kawahira N, Morishita Y. Cell disorientation by loss of SHH-dependent mechanosensation causes cyclopia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2330. [PMID: 35857502 PMCID: PMC9278851 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The physical causes of organ malformation remain largely unclear in most cases due to a lack of information on tissue/cell dynamics. Here, we address this issue by considering onset of cyclopia in sonic hedgehog (SHH)-inhibited chick embryos. We show that ventral forebrain-specific self-organization ability driven by SHH-dependent polarized patterns in cell shape, phosphorylated myosin localization, and collective cell motion promotes optic vesicle elongation during normal development. Stress loading tests revealed that these polarized dynamics result from mechanical responses. In particular, stress and active tissue deformation satisfy orthogonality, defining an SHH-regulated morphogenetic law. Without SHH signaling, cells cannot detect the direction of stress and move randomly, leading to insufficient optic vesicle elongation and consequently a cyclopia phenotype. Since polarized tissue/cell dynamics are common in organogenesis, cell disorientation caused by loss of mechanosensation could be a pathogenic mechanism for other malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ohtsuka
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Corresponding author. (Y.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Naoki Kida
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kawahira
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Corresponding author. (Y.M.); (D.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebrahimi N, Osanlouy M, Bradley CP, Kubke MF, Gerneke DA, Hunter PJ. A method for investigating spatiotemporal growth patterns at cell and tissue levels during C-looping in the embryonic chick heart. iScience 2022; 25:104600. [PMID: 35800755 PMCID: PMC9253367 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ebrahimi
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Corresponding author
| | - Mahyar Osanlouy
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chris P. Bradley
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - M. Fabiana Kubke
- University of Auckland, Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Dane A. Gerneke
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Hunter
- University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Esteban I, Schmidt P, Desgrange A, Raiola M, Temiño S, Meilhac SM, Kobbelt L, Torres M. Pseudodynamic analysis of heart tube formation in the mouse reveals strong regional variability and early left-right asymmetry. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:504-517. [PMID: 39195950 PMCID: PMC11357989 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding organ morphogenesis requires a precise geometrical description of the tissues involved in the process. The high morphological variability in mammalian embryos hinders the quantitative analysis of organogenesis. In particular, the study of early heart development in mammals remains a challenging problem due to imaging limitations and complexity. Here, we provide a complete morphological description of mammalian heart tube formation based on detailed imaging of a temporally dense collection of mouse embryonic hearts. We develop strategies for morphometric staging and quantification of local morphological variations between specimens. We identify hot spots of regionalized variability and identify Nodal-controlled left-right asymmetry of the inflow tracts as the earliest signs of organ left-right asymmetry in the mammalian embryo. Finally, we generate a three-dimensional+t digital model that allows co-representation of data from different sources and provides a framework for the computer modeling of heart tube formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Esteban
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audrey Desgrange
- Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, Université de Paris, Imagine - Institut Pasteur, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Temiño
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, Université de Paris, Imagine - Institut Pasteur, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Leif Kobbelt
- Visual Computing Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ebrahimi N, Bradley C, Hunter P. An integrative multiscale view of early cardiac looping. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1535. [PMID: 35023324 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form and function during the development of an embryo. Heart development consists of a series of events believed to be highly conserved in vertebrates. Development of heart begins with the formation of the cardiac fields followed by a linear heart tube formation. The straight heart tube then undergoes a ventral bending prior to further bending and helical torsion to form a looped heart. The looping phase is then followed by ballooning, septation, and valve formation giving rise to a four-chambered heart in avians and mammals. The looping phase plays a central role in heart development. Successful looping is essential for proper alignment of the future cardiac chambers and tracts. As aberrant looping results in various congenital heart diseases, the mechanisms of cardiac looping have been studied for several decades by various disciplines. Many groups have studied anatomy, biology, genetics, and mechanical processes during heart looping, and have proposed multiple mechanisms. Computational modeling approaches have been utilized to examine the proposed mechanisms of the looping process. Still, the exact underlying mechanism(s) controlling the looping phase remain poorly understood. Although further experimental measurements are obviously still required, the need for more integrative computational modeling approaches is also apparent in order to make sense of the vast amount of experimental data and the complexity of multiscale developmental systems. Indeed, there needs to be an iterative interaction between experimentation and modeling in order to properly find the gap in the existing data and to validate proposed hypotheses. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ebrahimi
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Bradley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Honda H. Left-handed cardiac looping by cell chirality is mediated by position-specific convergent extensions. Biophys J 2021; 120:5371-5383. [PMID: 34695385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the embryonic heart development of mammals and birds, a straight initial heart tube undergoes left-handed helical looping, which is a remarkable and puzzling event. We are interested in the mechanism of this chiral helical looping. Recently, observations were reported that myocardial cells in the embryonic chick heart show intrinsic chirality of rotation. The chirality of myocardial cells, via anisotropic polarization of Golgi inside the cells, leads to a left-right (LR) asymmetry of cell shape. On cell boundaries of LR asymmetric cells, phosphorylated myosin and N-cadherin are enriched. Such LR asymmetric cellular circumstances lead to a large-scale three-dimensional chiral structure, the left-handed helical loop. However, the physical mechanism of this looping is unclear. Computer simulations were performed using a cell-based three-dimensional mathematical model assuming an anterior-rightward-biased contractile force of the cell boundaries on the ventral surface of the heart (orientation of a clock hand pointing to 10 to 11 o'clock). An initially straight heart tube was successfully remodeled to the left-handed helical tube via frequent convergent extension (CE) of collective cells, which corresponds to the previously reported observations of chick heart development. Although we assumed that the biased boundary contractile force was uniform all over the ventral side, orientations of the CEs became position specific on the anterior, posterior, right, and left regions on the ventral tube. Such position-specific CEs produced the left-handed helical loop. In addition, our results suggest the loop formation process consists of two distinct phases of preparation and explicit looping. Intrinsic cell properties of chirality in this investigation were discussed relating to extrinsic factors investigated by other researches. Finally, because CE is generally exerted in the axial developmental process across different animal species, we discussed the contribution of CE to the chiral heart structure across species of chick, mouse, Xenopus, and zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Honda
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shewale B, Dubois N. Of form and function: Early cardiac morphogenesis across classical and emerging model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:107-118. [PMID: 33994301 PMCID: PMC8434962 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the earliest organ to develop during embryogenesis and is remarkable in its ability to function efficiently as it is being sculpted. Cardiac heart defects account for a high burden of childhood developmental disorders with many remaining poorly understood mechanistically. Decades of work across a multitude of model organisms has informed our understanding of early cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis and has simultaneously opened new and unanswered questions. Here we have synthesized current knowledge in the field and reviewed recent developments in the realm of imaging, bioengineering and genetic technology and ex vivo cardiac modeling that may be deployed to generate more holistic models of early cardiac morphogenesis, and by extension, new platforms to study congenital heart defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Shewale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang JX, White MD. Mechanical forces in avian embryo development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:133-146. [PMID: 34147339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Research using avian embryos has led to major conceptual advances in developmental biology, virology, immunology, genetics and cell biology. The avian embryo has several significant advantages, including ready availability and ease of accessibility, rapid development with marked similarities to mammals and a high amenability to manipulation. As mechanical forces are increasingly recognised as key drivers of morphogenesis, this powerful model system is shedding new light on the mechanobiology of embryonic development. Here, we highlight progress in understanding how mechanical forces direct key morphogenetic processes in the early avian embryo. Recent advances in quantitative live imaging and modelling are elaborating upon traditional work using physical models and embryo manipulations to reveal cell dynamics and tissue forces in ever greater detail. The recent application of transgenic technologies further increases the strength of the avian model and is providing important insights about previously intractable developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong Wang
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Melanie D White
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saijoh Y, Hamada H. Making the Right Loop for the heart. Dev Cell 2021; 55:383-384. [PMID: 33232672 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The developing heart begins as a seemingly straight tube, but it soon undergoes rightward looping. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Desgrange et al. report how left-right asymmetric Nodal signaling regulates heart looping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Saijoh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rahman T, Zhang H, Fan J, Wan LQ. Cell chirality in cardiovascular development and disease. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:031503. [PMID: 32903894 PMCID: PMC7449703 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system demonstrates left-right (LR) asymmetry: most notably, the LR asymmetric looping of the bilaterally symmetric linear heart tube. Similarly, the orientation of the aortic arch is asymmetric as well. Perturbations to the asymmetry have been associated with several congenital heart malformations and vascular disorders. The source of the asymmetry, however, is not clear. Cell chirality, a recently discovered and intrinsic LR asymmetric cellular morphological property, has been implicated in the heart looping and vascular barrier function. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in the field of cell chirality and describe various approaches developed for studying cell chirality at multi- and single-cell levels. We also examine research progress in asymmetric cardiovascular development and associated malformations. Finally, we review evidence connecting cell chirality to cardiac looping and vascular permeability and provide thoughts on future research directions for cell chirality in the context of cardiovascular development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasnif Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|