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Glover HL, Schreiner A, Dewson G, Tait SWG. Mitochondria and cell death. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01429-4. [PMID: 38902422 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular factories for energy production, calcium homeostasis and iron metabolism, but they also have an unequivocal and central role in intrinsic apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c. While the subsequent activation of proteolytic caspases ensures that cell death proceeds in the absence of collateral inflammation, other phlogistic cell death pathways have been implicated in using, or engaging, mitochondria. Here we discuss the emerging complexities of intrinsic apoptosis controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. We highlight the emerging theory that non-lethal mitochondrial apoptotic signalling has diverse biological roles that impact cancer, innate immunity and ageing. Finally, we delineate the role of mitochondria in other forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and discuss mitochondria as central hubs for the intersection and coordination of cell death signalling pathways, underscoring their potential for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Glover
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annabell Schreiner
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Mirzayans R. Changing the Landscape of Solid Tumor Therapy from Apoptosis-Promoting to Apoptosis-Inhibiting Strategies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5379-5396. [PMID: 38920994 PMCID: PMC11202608 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The many limitations of implementing anticancer strategies under the term "precision oncology" have been extensively discussed. While some authors propose promising future directions, others are less optimistic and use phrases such as illusion, hype, and false hypotheses. The reality is revealed by practicing clinicians and cancer patients in various online publications, one of which has stated that "in the quest for the next cancer cure, few researchers bother to look back at the graveyard of failed medicines to figure out what went wrong". The message is clear: Novel therapeutic strategies with catchy names (e.g., synthetic "lethality") have not fulfilled their promises despite decades of extensive research and clinical trials. The main purpose of this review is to discuss key challenges in solid tumor therapy that surprisingly continue to be overlooked by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) and numerous other authors. These challenges include: The impact of chemotherapy-induced genome chaos (e.g., multinucleation) on resistance and relapse, oncogenic function of caspase 3, cancer cell anastasis (recovery from late stages of apoptosis), and pitfalls of ubiquitously used preclinical chemosensitivity assays (e.g., cell "viability" and tumor growth delay studies in live animals) that score such pro-survival responses as "lethal" events. The studies outlined herein underscore the need for new directions in the management of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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3
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Hu X, Li J, Yu L, Ifejola J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Khosravi Z, Zhang K, Cui H. Screening of anti-melanoma compounds from Morus alba L.: Sanggenon C promotes melanoma cell apoptosis by disrupting intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117759. [PMID: 38219884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus alba L. is a widespread plant that has long been considered to have remarkable medical values, including anti-inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The components of Morus Alba L. constituents have been extensively studied and have been shown to have high prospects for cancer therapy. However, limited investigations have been done on the bioactive compounds in Morus alba L. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to systematically examine the anticancer properties of 28 commercially available compounds from Morus alba L. against melanoma cells in vitro. Additionally, the anticancer mechanisms of the bioactive compound exhibiting the most significant potential were further studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of Morus alba L.-derived compounds on melanoma cells were determined by colony formation assays. Their effects on cell viability and apoptosis were determined using the CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The binding affinity of identified Morus alba L. compounds with anticancer activities towards melanoma targets was analyzed via molecular docking. The molecular mechanism of Sanggenon C was explored using soft agar assays, EdU incorporation assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, transcriptome analysis, and xenograft assays. RESULTS Based on colony formation assays, 11 compounds at 20 μM significantly inhibited colony growth on a panel of melanoma cells. These compounds displayed IC50 values (half maximal inhibitory concentrations) ranging from 5 μM to 30 μM. Importantly, six compounds were identified as novel anti-melanoma agents, including Sanggenon C, 3'-Geranyl-3-prenyl-2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, Moracin P, Moracin O, Kuwanon A, and Kuwanon E. Among them, Sanggenon C showed the most potent effects, with an IC50 of about 5 μM, significantly reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in melanoma cells. Based on the xenograft model assay, Sanggenon C significantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation in vivo. Sanggenon C triggered ER stress in a dose-dependent manner, which further disrupted cellular calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA partially restored cell apoptosis induced by Sanggenon C, confirming that Ca2+ signaling contributed to the anticancer activity of Sanggenon C against melanoma. CONCLUSIONS In our study, 11 compounds demonstrated anti-melanoma properties. Notably, Sanggenon C was found to promote apoptosis by disrupting the intracellular calcium homeostasis in melanoma cells. This study provides valuable information for the future development of novel cancer therapeutic agents from Morus alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Lang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jemirade Ifejola
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Zahra Khosravi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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4
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Lecomte K, Toniolo A, Hoste E. Cell death as an architect of adult skin stem cell niches. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01297-3. [PMID: 38649745 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Our skin provides a physical and immunological barrier against dehydration and environmental insults ranging from microbial attacks, toxins and UV irradiation to wounding. Proper functioning of the skin barrier largely depends on the interplay between keratinocytes- the epithelial cells of the skin- and immune cells. Two spatially distinct populations of keratinocyte stem cells (SCs) maintain the epidermal barrier function and the hair follicle. These SCs are inherently long-lived, but cell death can occur within their niches and impacts their functionality. The default cell death programme in skin is apoptosis, an orderly and non-inflammatory suicide programme. However, recent findings are shedding light on the significance of various modes of regulated necrotic cell death, which are lytic and can provoke inflammation within the local skin environment. While the presence of dying cells was generally regarded as a mere consequence of inflammation, findings in various human dermatological conditions and experimental mouse models of aberrant cell death control demonstrated that cell death programmes in keratinocytes (KCs) can drive skin inflammation and even tumour initiation. When cells die, they need to be removed by phagocytosis and KCs can function as non-professional phagocytes of apoptotic cells with important implications for their SC capacities. It is becoming apparent that in conditions of heightened SC activity, distinct cell death modalities differentially impact the different skin SC populations in their local niches. Here, we describe how regulated cell death modalities functionally affect epidermal SC niches along with their relevance to injury repair, inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Lecomte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Cavallo MR, Yo JC, Gallant KC, Cunanan CJ, Amirfallah A, Daniali M, Sanders AB, Aplin AE, Pribitkin EA, Hartsough EJ. Mcl-1 mediates intrinsic resistance to RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:175. [PMID: 38622136 PMCID: PMC11018618 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent form of thyroid cancer. PTC commonly presents with mutations of the serine/threonine kinase BRAF (BRAFV600E), which drive ERK1/2 pathway activation to support growth and suppress apoptosis. PTC patients often undergo surgical resection; however, since the average age of PTC patients is under 50, adverse effects associated with prolonged maintenance therapy following total thyroidectomy are a concern. The development of mutant-selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), like vemurafenib, has been efficacious in patients with metastatic melanoma, but the response rate is low for mutant BRAF PTC patients. Here, we assay the therapeutic response of BRAFi in a panel of human PTC cell lines and freshly biopsied patient samples. We observed heterogeneous responses to BRAFi, and multi-omic comparisons between susceptible and resistant mutant BRAF PTC revealed overrepresented stress response pathways and the absence of compensatory RTK activation - features that may underpin innate resistance. Importantly, resistant cell lines and patient samples had increased hallmarks of failed apoptosis; a cellular state defined by sublethal caspase activation and DNA damage. Further analysis suggests that the failed apoptotic phenotypes may have features of "minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP)" - a stress-related response characterized by fragmented and porous mitochondria known to contribute to cancer aggressiveness. We found that cells presenting with minority MOMP-like phenotypes are dependent on the apoptotic regulator, Mcl-1, as treatment with the Mcl-1 inhibitor, AZD5991, potently induced cell death in resistant cells. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT inhibitors sensitized resistant cells to BRAFi; an effect that was at least in part associated with reduced Mcl-1 levels. Together, these data implicate minority MOMP as a mechanism associated with intrinsic drug resistance and underscore the benefits of targeting Mcl-1 in mutant BRAF PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Cavallo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jacob C Yo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kayla C Gallant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Camille J Cunanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Amirali Amirfallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Marzieh Daniali
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alyssa B Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Departments of Otolargynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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6
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. Persister cell plasticity in tumour drug resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:1-10. [PMID: 37977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapeutic resistance remains a formidable barrier to durable responses by cancer patients and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. It is increasingly recognized that non-genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance are important in many cancers. These mechanisms of resistance rely on inherent cellular plasticity where cancer cells can switch between multiple phenotypic states without genetic alterations, providing a dynamic, reversible resistance landscape. Such mechanisms underlie the generation of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells, a subpopulation of tumour cells that contributes to heterogeneity within tumours and that supports therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of DTP cells, focusing on phenotypic and metabolic plasticity as two key drivers of tolerance and persistence. We discuss the link between DTP cell plasticity and the potential vulnerability of these cells to ferroptosis. We also discuss the relationship between DTP cells and cells that survive the induction of apoptosis, a process termed anastasis, and discuss the properties of such cells in the context of increased metastatic potential and sensitivity to cell death mechanisms such as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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7
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Nano M, Montell DJ. Apoptotic signaling: Beyond cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:22-34. [PMID: 37988794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best described form of regulated cell death, and was, until relatively recently, considered irreversible once particular biochemical points-of-no-return were activated. In this manuscript, we examine the mechanisms cells use to escape from a self-amplifying death signaling module. We discuss the role of feedback, dynamics, propagation, and noise in apoptotic signaling. We conclude with a revised model for the role of apoptosis in animal development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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8
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Sun G. Death and survival from executioner caspase activation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:66-73. [PMID: 37468421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Executioner caspases are evolutionarily conserved regulators of cell death under apoptotic stress. Activated executioner caspases drive apoptotic cell death through cleavage of diverse protein substrates or pyroptotic cell death in the presence of gasdermin E. On the other hand, activation of executioner caspases can also trigger pro-survival and pro-proliferation signals. In recent years, a growing body of studies have demonstrated that cells can survive from executioner caspase activation in response to stress and that the survivors undergo molecular and phenotypic alterations. This review focuses on death and survival from executioner caspase activation, summarizing the role of executioner caspases in apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death and discussing the potential mechanism and consequences of survival from stress-induced executioner caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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9
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Killarney ST, Tait SWG, Green DR, Wood KC. Sublethal engagement of apoptotic pathways in residual cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:225-238. [PMID: 37573235 PMCID: PMC10858294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies frequently elicit apoptotic cancer cell death. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a critical, regulated step in this apoptotic pathway. The residual cancer cells that survive treatment serve as the seeds of eventual relapse and are often functionally characterized by their transient tolerance of multiple therapeutic treatments. New studies suggest that, in these cells, a sublethal degree of MOMP, reflective of incomplete apoptotic commitment, is widely observed. Here, we review recent evidence that this sublethal MOMP drives the aggressive features of residual cancer cells while templating a host of unique vulnerabilities, highlighting how failed apoptosis may counterintuitively enable new therapeutic strategies to target residual disease (RD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane T Killarney
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Mirzayans R, Andrais B, Murray D. Single-Cell MTT: A Simple and Sensitive Assay for Determining the Viability and Metabolic Activity of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs). Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:293-308. [PMID: 38913317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors and tumor-derived cell lines commonly contain highly enlarged (giant) cancer cells that enter a state of transient dormancy (active sleep) after they are formed, but retain viability, secrete growth promoting factors, and exhibit the ability to generate rapidly proliferating progeny with stem cell-like properties. Giant cells with a highly enlarged nucleus or multiple nuclei are often called polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Although PGCCs constitute only a subset of cells within a solid tumor/tumor-derived cell line, their frequency can increase markedly following exposure to ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs. In this chapter we outline a simple and yet highly sensitive cell-based assay, called single-cell MTT, that we have optimized for determining the viability and metabolic activity of PGCCs before and after exposure to anticancer agents. The assay measures the ability of individual PGCCs to convert the MTT tetrazolium salt to its water insoluble formazan metabolite. In addition to evaluating PGCCs, this assay is also a powerful tool for determining the viability and metabolic activity of cancer cells undergoing premature senescence following treatment with anticancer agents, as well as for distinguishing dead cancer cells and dying cells (e.g., exhibiting features of apoptosis, ferroptosis, etc.) that have the potential to resume proliferation through a process called anastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Andrais
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Dunsche L, Ivanisenko N, Riemann S, Schindler S, Beissert S, Angeli C, Kreis S, Tavassoli M, Lavrik I, Kulms D. A cytosolic mutp53(E285K) variant confers chemoresistance of malignant melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:831. [PMID: 38097548 PMCID: PMC10721616 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is known to be intrinsically chemoresistant, even though only ~20% of MM carry mutations of the tumor suppressor p53. Despite improvement of systemic therapy the mortality rate of patients suffering from metastatic MM is still ~70%, highlighting the need for alternative treatment options or for the re-establishment of conventional therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy. Screening the p53 mutation status in a cohort of 19 patient-derived melanoma samples, we identified one rarely described missense mutation of p53 leading to E285K amino acid exchange (mutp53(E285K)). Employing structural and computational analysis we revealed a major role of E285 residue in maintaining stable conformation of wild-type p53 (wtp53). E285K mutation was predicted to cause interruption of a salt-bridge network affecting the conformation of the C-terminal helix of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) thereby preventing DNA interaction. In this context, a cluster of frequently mutated amino acid residues in cancer was identified to putatively lead to similar structural effects as E285K substitution (E285 cluster). Functional analysis, including knockdown of endogenous p53 and reconstitution with diverse p53 missense mutants confirmed mutp53(E285K) to have lost transcriptional activity, to be localized in the cytosol of cancer cells, by both means conferring chemoresistance. Re-sensitization to cisplatin-induced cell death was achieved using clinically approved compounds aiming to restore p53 wild-type function (PRIMA1-Met), or inhibition of AKT-driven MAPK survival pathways (afuresertib), in both cases being partially due to ferroptosis induction. Consequently, active ferroptosis induction using the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 proved superior in tumorselectively fighting MM cells. Due to high prevalence of the E285-cluster mutations in MM as well as in a variety of other tumor types, we conclude this cluster to serve an important function in tumor development and therapy and suggest new implications for ferroptosis induction in therapeutic applications fighting MM in particular and cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Dunsche
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikita Ivanisenko
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Shamala Riemann
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristian Angeli
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Molecular Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Inna Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Center of Dynamic Systems, Otto von Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Bian WP, Xie SL, Wang C, Martinovich GG, Ma YB, Jia PP, Pei DS. mitfa deficiency promotes immune vigor and potentiates antitumor effects in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109130. [PMID: 37777099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitfa gene is a well-known transcription factor associated with microphthalmia and is essential for early melanophore development. However, little is known about how mitfa affects the immune system. Here, we generated a novel mitfa knock-out zebrafish line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mitfa-/- zebrafish exhibited reduced melanin levels compared to the nacre mutant. We investigated the impact on the immune system after exposure to Edwardsiella tarda and bifenazate in zebrafish larvae, and observed that the macrophage numbers were reduced in both treated groups. Remarkably, the expression levels of immune-related genes exhibited significant increases after bacterial challenge or bifenazate exposure in the mitfa-/- zebrafish, except for tlr4 and rela. Furthermore, we conducted xenograft experiments using mouse B16 melanoma cells. Notably, the cancer cells didn't show a high cell migration ratio, implying that the immune system was highly activated after the loss of mifta. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitfa-/- zebrafish serve as a valuable model for investigating the relationship between the immune system and melanocytes, providing new insights into the role of mitfa in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shao-Lin Xie
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | | | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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13
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Malik F, Kalkavan H, Wani A. Cancer metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108522. [PMID: 37661054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression combined with non-responsiveness towards systemic therapy often shapes the course of disease for cancer patients and commonly determines its lethal outcome. The complex molecular events that promote metastasis are a combination of both, the acquired pro-metastatic properties of cancer cells and a metastasis-permissive or -supportive tumor micro-environment (TME). Yet, dissemination is a challenging process for cancer cells that requires a series of events to enable cancer cell survival and growth. Metastatic cancer cells have to initially detach themselves from primary tumors, overcome the challenges of their intravasal journey and colonize distant sites that are suited for their metastases. The implicated obstacles including anoikis and immune surveillance, can be overcome by intricate intra- and extracellular signaling pathways, which we will summarize and discuss in this review. Further, emerging modulators of metastasis, like the immune-microenvironment, microbiome, sublethal cell death engagement, or the nervous system will be integrated into the existing working model of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ASIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ASIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Abubakar Wani
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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14
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Benada J, Alsowaida D, Megeney LA, Sørensen CS. Self-inflicted DNA breaks in cell differentiation and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:850-859. [PMID: 36997393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-inflicted DNA strand breaks are canonically linked with cell death pathways and the establishment of genetic diversity in immune and germline cells. Moreover, this form of DNA damage is an established source of genome instability in cancer development. However, recent studies indicate that nonlethal self-inflicted DNA strand breaks play an indispensable but underappreciated role in a variety of cell processes, including differentiation and cancer therapy responses. Mechanistically, these physiological DNA breaks originate from the activation of nucleases, which are best characterized for inducing DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cell death. In this review, we outline the emerging biology of one critical nuclease, caspase-activated DNase (CAD), and how directed activation or deployment of this enzyme can lead to divergent cell fate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Dalal Alsowaida
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark.
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15
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Maldonado AC, Haughan MA, Khin M, Ekiert J, Zhang Z, Lantvit D, Al Subeh ZY, Pierre HC, Salkovski M, Hirschhorn T, Gao Y, Pearce CJ, Stockwell BR, Aldrich LN, Oberlies NH, Burdette JE. Probing the Cytotoxic Signaling Induced by Eupenifeldin in Ovarian Cancer Models. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2102-2110. [PMID: 37643353 PMCID: PMC10792992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common and lethal ovarian cancer histotype. Lack of early detection methods, limited therapeutic agents, and low 5-year survival rate reflect the urgent need to develop new therapies. Eupenifeldin, a bistropolone, originally isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum, is a cytotoxic fungal metabolite. In three HSGOC cell lines (OVCAR3, OVCAR5, OVCAR8), eupenifeldin was found to have an IC50 value less than 10 nM, while 10 times higher concentrations were required for cytotoxicity in nontumorigenic fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell lines (FTSEC). An in vivo hollow fiber assay showed significant cytotoxicity in OVCAR3. Eupenifeldin significantly increased Annexin V staining in OVCAR3 and -8, but not OVCAR5. Eupenifeldin activated caspases 3/7 in OVCAR3, OVCAR5, and OVCAR8; however, cleaved PARP was only detected in OVCAR3. Quantitative proteomics performed on OVCAR3 implicated ferroptosis as the most enriched cell death pathway. However, validation experiments did not support ferroptosis as part of the cytotoxic mechanism of eupenifeldin. Autophagic flux and LC3B puncta assays found that eupenifeldin displayed weak autophagic induction in OVCAR3. Inhibition of autophagy by cotreatment with bafilomycin reduced the toxicity of eupenifeldin, supporting the idea that induction of autophagy contributes to the cytotoxic mechanism of eupenifeldin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Maldonado
- Chicago Biomedical Consortium, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica A Haughan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Manead Khin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Julia Ekiert
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Herma C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Maryna Salkovski
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tal Hirschhorn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yu Gao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Leslie N Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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16
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Pellegrini H, Sharpe EH, Liu G, Nishiuchi E, Doerr N, Kipp KR, Chin T, Schimmel MF, Weimbs T. Cleavage fragments of the C-terminal tail of polycystin-1 are regulated by oxidative stress and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105158. [PMID: 37579949 PMCID: PMC10502374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) are the most common cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Cysts in ADPKD exhibit a Warburg-like metabolism characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis. PC1 is an integral membrane protein with a large extracellular domain, a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and shares structural and functional similarities with G protein-coupled receptors. Its exact function remains unclear. The C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of PC1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage, generating soluble fragments that are overexpressed in ADPKD kidneys. The regulation, localization, and function of these fragments is poorly understood. Here, we show that a ∼30 kDa cleavage fragment (PC1-p30), comprising the entire C-terminal tail, undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation by a mechanism involving the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein. PC1-p30 is stabilized by reactive oxygen species, and the subcellular localization is regulated by reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. We found that a second, ∼15 kDa fragment (PC1-p15), is generated by caspase cleavage at a conserved site (Asp-4195) on the PC1 C-terminal tail. PC1-p15 is not subject to degradation and constitutively localizes to the mitochondrial matrix. Both cleavage fragments induce mitochondrial fragmentation, and PC1-p15 expression causes impaired fatty acid oxidation and increased lactate production, indicative of a Warburg-like phenotype. Endogenous PC1 tail fragments accumulate in renal cyst-lining cells in a mouse model of PKD. Collectively, these results identify novel mechanisms regarding the regulation and function of PC1 and suggest that C-terminal PC1 fragments may be involved in the mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities observed in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Sharpe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Eiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Doerr
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Kevin R Kipp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Chin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Margaret F Schimmel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
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17
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Mirzayans R, Murray D. Intratumor Heterogeneity and Treatment Resistance of Solid Tumors with a Focus on Polyploid/Senescent Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11534. [PMID: 37511291 PMCID: PMC10380821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell biology has revealed that solid tumors and tumor-derived cell lines typically contain subpopulations of cancer cells that are readily distinguishable from the bulk of cancer cells by virtue of their enormous size. Such cells with a highly enlarged nucleus, multiple nuclei, and/or multiple micronuclei are often referred to as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), and may exhibit features of senescence. PGCCs may enter a dormant phase (active sleep) after they are formed, but a subset remain viable, secrete growth promoting factors, and can give rise to therapy resistant and tumor repopulating progeny. Here we will briefly discuss the prevalence and prognostic value of PGCCs across different cancer types, the current understanding of the mechanisms of their formation and fate, and possible reasons why these tumor repopulating "monsters" continue to be ignored in most cancer therapy-related preclinical studies. In addition to PGCCs, other subpopulations of cancer cells within a solid tumor (such as oncogenic caspase 3-activated cancer cells and drug-tolerant persister cancer cells) can also contribute to therapy resistance and pose major challenges to the delivery of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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18
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Wang R, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu M, Sun L, Pan X, Hu H, Jiang B, Zou Y, Liu Q, Gong Y, Wang M, Sun G. Anastasis enhances metastasis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells through upregulating cIAP2/NFκB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:388. [PMID: 37391410 PMCID: PMC10313691 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common strategy to treat cancer. However, acquired resistance and metastasis are the major obstacles to successful treatment. Anastasis is a process by which cells survive executioner caspase activation when facing apoptotic stress. Here we demonstrate that colorectal cancer cells can undergo anastasis after transient exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Using a lineage tracing system to label and isolate cells that have experienced executioner caspase activation in response to drug treatment, we show that anastasis grants colorectal cancer cells enhanced migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs induces upregulated expression of cIAP2 and activation of NFκB, which are required for cells to survive executioner caspase activation. The elevated cIAP2/NFκB signaling persists in anastatic cancer cells to promote migration and chemoresistance. Our study unveils that cIAP2/NFκB-dependent anastasis promotes acquired resistance and metastasis after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Menghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Wang R, Liu X, Liu M, Sun L, Pan X, Hu H, Jiang B, Zou Y, Liu Q, Gong Y, Wang M, Sun G. Chemotherapy-induced executioner caspase activation increases breast cancer malignancy through epigenetic de-repression of CDH12. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 37355711 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer relapse and metastasis are major obstacles for effective treatment. One important mechanism to eliminate cancer cells is to induce apoptosis. Activation of executioner caspases is the key step in apoptosis and was considered "a point of no return". However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cells can survive executioner caspase activation in response to apoptotic stimuli through a process named anastasis. Here we show that breast cancer cells that have survived through anastasis (anastatic cells) after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs acquire enhanced proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, cadherin 12 (CDH12) is persistently upregulated in anastatic cells and promotes breast cancer malignancy via activation of ERK and CREB. Moreover, we demonstrate that executioner caspase activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs results in loss of DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications in the CDH12 promoter region, leading to increased CDH12 expression. Our work unveils the mechanism underlying anastasis-induced enhancement in breast cancer malignancy, offering new therapeutic targets for preventing post-chemotherapy cancer relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Menghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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20
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Sohal IS, Kasinski AL. Emerging diversity in extracellular vesicles and their roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167717. [PMID: 37397375 PMCID: PMC10312242 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have undergone a paradigm shift from being considered as 'waste bags' to being central mediators of cell-to-cell signaling in homeostasis and several pathologies including cancer. Their ubiquitous nature, ability to cross biological barriers, and dynamic regulation during changes in pathophysiological state of an individual not only makes them excellent biomarkers but also critical mediators of cancer progression. This review highlights the heterogeneity in extracellular vesicles by discussing emerging subtypes, such as migrasomes, mitovesicles, and exophers, as well as evolving components of extracellular vesicles such as the surface protein corona. The review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the role of extracellular vesicles during different stages of cancer including cancer initiation, metabolic reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune modulation, therapy resistance, and metastasis, and highlights gaps in our current knowledge of extracellular vesicle biology in cancer. We further provide a perspective on extracellular vesicle-based cancer therapeutics and challenges associated with bringing them to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikjot S. Sohal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea L. Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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21
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Kalkavan H, Rühl S, Shaw JJP, Green DR. Non-lethal outcomes of engaging regulated cell death pathways in cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:795-806. [PMID: 37277528 PMCID: PMC10416134 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is essential for successful systemic cancer therapy. Yet, the engagement of RCD pathways does not inevitably result in cell death. Instead, RCD pathways can take part in diverse biological processes if the cells survive. Consequently, these surviving cells, for which we propose the term 'flatliners', harbor important functions. These evolutionarily conserved responses can be exploited by cancer cells to promote their own survival and growth, with challenges and opportunities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rühl
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- T3 Pharmaceuticals AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy J P Shaw
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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22
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Nguyen TTM, Gadet R, Lanfranchi M, Lahaye RA, Yandiev S, Lohez O, Mikaelian I, Jabbour L, Rimokh R, Courchet J, Saudou F, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Mitochondrial Bcl-xL promotes brain synaptogenesis by controlling non-lethal caspase activation. iScience 2023; 26:106674. [PMID: 37182099 PMCID: PMC10173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal caspase activation (NLCA) has been linked to neurodevelopmental processes. However, how neurons control NLCA remains elusive. Here, we focused on Bcl-xL, a Bcl-2 homolog regulating caspase activation through the mitochondria. We generated a mouse model, referred to as ER-xL, in which Bcl-xL is absent in the mitochondria, yet present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike bclx knockout mice that died at E13.5, ER-xL mice survived embryonic development but died post-partum because of altered feeding behavior. Enhanced caspase-3 activity was observed in the brain and the spinal cord white matter, but not the gray matter. No increase in cell death was observed in ER-xL cortical neurons, suggesting that the observed caspase-3 activation was apoptosis-independent. ER-xL neurons displayed increased caspase-3 activity in the neurites, resulting in impaired axon arborescence and synaptogenesis. Together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial Bcl-xL finely tunes caspase-3 through Drp-1-dependent mitochondrial fission, which is critical to neural network design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Romane A. Lahaye
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Lohez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
- Corresponding author
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23
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Richtig G, Kienzl M, Rittchen S, Roula D, Eberle J, Sarif Z, Pichler M, Hoefler G, Heinemann A. Cannabinoids Reduce Melanoma Cell Viability and Do Not Interfere with Commonly Used Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050706. [PMID: 37237519 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cannabinoids are mainly used for recreational purposes, but also made their way into oncology, since these substances can be taken to increase appetite in tumour cachexia. Since there are some hints in the literature that cannabinoids might have some anti-cancerous effects, the aim of this study was to study if and how cannabinoids mediate pro-apoptotic effects in metastatic melanoma in vivo and in vitro and its value besides conventional targeted therapy in vivo. Methods: Several melanoma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of cannabinoids, and anti-cancerous efficacy was assessed by proliferation and apoptosis assays. Subsequent pathway analysis was performed using apoptosis, proliferation, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy data. The efficacy of cannabinoids in combination with trametinib was studied in NSG mice in vivo. Results: Cannabinoids reduced cell viability in multiple melanoma cell lines in a dose-dependent way. The effect was mediated by CB1, TRPV1 and PPARα receptors, whereby pharmacological blockade of all three receptors protected from cannabinoid-induced apoptosis. Cannabinoids initiated apoptosis by mitochondrial cytochrome c release with consecutive activation of different caspases. Essentially, cannabinoids significantly decreased tumour growth in vivo and were as potent as the MEK inhibitor trametinib. Conclusions: We could demonstrate that cannabinoids reduce cell viability in several melanoma cell lines, initiate apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by cytochrome c release and caspase activation and do not interfere with commonly used targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Richtig
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Roula
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (University Medical Center Charité), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zina Sarif
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (University Medical Center Charité), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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24
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Li X, Ye F, Wang Y, Sun X, Chen H, Chen T, Gao Y, Chen H. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and biological evaluation of quinolines for development of anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2200673. [PMID: 37160703 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) are a kind of natural alkaloids with multiple pharmaceutical activities. Herein, a focused compound library derived from THβCs was synthesized and their anticancer activities were studied in several cancer cell lines. Among them, three compounds showed considerable anticancer activities with low micromolar to submicromolar IC50 values. The abilities to induce apoptosis and alter mitochondrial membrane potential levels, which are comparable to those of the commercial anticancer drug adriamycin, were confirmed by one representative compound (21) on the B16/F10 cell line. Our preliminary structure-activity relationship studies indicated that alkylamines with suitable lengths are very important for potency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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25
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Waguia Kontchou C, Häcker G. Role of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during bacterial infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 374:83-127. [PMID: 36858657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the initial 'powerhouse' view, mitochondria have numerous functions in their mammalian cell and contribute to many physiological processes, and many of these we understand only partially. The control of apoptosis by mitochondria is firmly established. Many questions remain however how this function is embedded into physiology, and how other signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial apoptosis; the interplay of bacteria with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one such example. The outer mitochondrial membrane regulates both import into mitochondria and the release of intermembrane, and in some situations also matrix components from mitochondria, and these mitochondrial components can have signaling function in the cytosol. One function is the induction of apoptotic cell death. An exciting, more recently discovered function is the regulation of inflammation. Mitochondrial molecules, both proteins and nucleic acids, have inflammatory activity when released from mitochondria, an activity whose regulation is intertwined with the activation of apoptotic caspases. Bacterial infection can have more general effects on mitochondrial apoptosis-regulation, through effects on host transcription and other pathways, such as signals controlled by pattern recognition. Some specialized bacteria have products that more specifically regulate signaling to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and to apoptosis; both pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been reported. Among the intriguing recent findings in this area are signaling contributions of porins and the sub-lethal release of intermembrane constituents. We will here review the literature and place the new developments into the established context of mitochondrial signaling during the contact of bacterial pathogens with human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Waguia Kontchou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Sun L, Yao C, Li X, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M, Liu Q, Montell DJ, Shao C, Gong Y, Sun G. Anastasis confers ovarian cancer cells increased malignancy through elevated p38 MAPK activation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:809-824. [PMID: 36447048 PMCID: PMC9984481 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of executioner caspases was once considered as a point of no return in apoptosis. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cells can survive executioner caspase activation in response to apoptotic stimuli through a process called anastasis. In this study, we developed a reporter system, mCasExpress, to track mammalian cells that survive executioner caspase activation. We demonstrate that anastatic ovarian cancer cells acquire enhanced migration following their transient exposure to apoptotic stimulus TRAIL or Paclitaxel. Moreover, anastatic cancer cells secrete more pro-angiogenic factors that enable tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that activation of p38 MAPK, which occurs in a caspase-dependent manner in response to apoptotic stress to promote anastasis, persists at a higher level in anastatic cancer cells even after removal of apoptotic stimuli. Importantly, p38 is essential for the elevated migratory and angiogenic capacity in the anastatic cells. Our work unveils anastasis as a potential driver of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Changshun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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27
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McKenzie B, Valitutti S. Resisting T cell attack: tumor-cell-intrinsic defense and reparation mechanisms. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:198-211. [PMID: 36593148 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are antigen-specific killer cells equipped to identify and eliminate host cells that have been altered through infection or transformation. Both chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies are based on successful elimination of tumor cells by cytotoxic effectors. In this opinion article, we outline cell-intrinsic mechanisms by which tumor cells defend against CTLs, highlighting pathways that confer resistance and proposing opportunities for combination therapies. We discuss how exogenous killing entities [e.g., supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs)] offer a novel strategy to circumvent cellular resistance mechanisms. Our opinion article highlights the importance of identifying, quantifying, and targeting tumor defense mechanisms at the interface between tumor cells and CTLs as a critical consideration in the development of immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienne McKenzie
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France.
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- INSERM U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 31057 Toulouse, France; Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France.
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28
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Xiao S, Guo L, Ai C, Shang M, Shi D, Meng D, Sun X, Wang X, Liu R, Zhao Y, Li J. pH-/Redox-Responsive Nanodroplet Combined with Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction for the Targeted Treatment of Drug-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8958-8973. [PMID: 36757913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) exists in divergent cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and partly results in the resistance to many first-line anti-cancer agents, bringing a big challenge to TNBC management. To develop novel TNBC therapeutics, in our study, a hyaluronic acid (HA)-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) conjugate linked via a disulfide-bond (HA-SS-CMC, HSC) was synthesized to fabricate nanodroplets (NDs). The NDs encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and perfluorohexane (DOX-HSC-NDs) were prepared via a homogenization/emulsification strategy and exhibited not only high biocompatibility but also noticeable tumor cell targeting ability and dual pH/redox responsiveness. Besides, DOX-HSC-NDs can be used as a contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging agent for specific tumor imaging. DOX-HSC-NDs in combination with ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction could improve intracellular drug aggregation and retention of MDR cells and work against multiple mechanisms of drug resistance through synergistic strategies, including up-regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, promoting apoptosis, and scavenging glutathione, while reducing the expression levels of P-glycoprotein and inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This combination strategy showed protective effects against TNBC in both MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and tumor-bearing mice. Our study for the first time developed and reported the ultrasound-augmented HSC-NDs as the DOX nanocarrier and provided scientific evidence to support the future application of DOX-HSC-NDs as a potential TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chen Ai
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yading Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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29
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Häcker G, Haimovici A. Sub-lethal signals in the mitochondrial apoptosis apparatus: pernicious by-product or physiological event? Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:250-257. [PMID: 36131076 PMCID: PMC9490730 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the tasks of mitochondria is the rule over life and death: when the outer membrane is permeabilized, the release of intermembrane space proteins causes cell death by apoptosis. For a long time, this mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) has been accepted as the famous step from which no cell returns. Recent results have however shown that this quite plainly does not have to be the case. A cell can also undergo only a little MOMP, and it can efficiently repair damage it has incurred in the process. There is no doubt now that such low-scale permeabilization occurs. A major unclarified issue is the biological relevance. Is small-scale mitochondrial permeabilization an accident, a leakiness of the apoptosis apparatus, perhaps during restructuring of the mitochondrial network? Is it attempted suicide, where cell death by apoptosis is the real goal but the stimulus failed to reach the threshold? Or, more boldly, is there a true biological meaning behind the event of the release of low amounts of mitochondrial components? We will here explore this last possibility, which we believe is on one hand appealing, on the other hand plausible and supported by some evidence. Recent data are consistent with the view that sub-lethal signals in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can drive inflammation, the first step of an immune reaction. The apoptosis apparatus is almost notoriously easy to trigger. Sub-lethal signals may be even easier to set off. We suggest that the apoptosis apparatus is used in this way to sound the call when the first human cell is infected by a pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Aladin Haimovici
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Vringer E, Tait SWG. Mitochondria and cell death-associated inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:304-312. [PMID: 36447047 PMCID: PMC9950460 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell death. Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), the pivotal commitment point to cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis. Permeabilised mitochondria trigger inflammation, in part, through the release of mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. Some of these mitochondrial-activated inflammatory pathways can be traced back to the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria. For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. The bacterial origin of mitochondria suggests that inflammatory pathways found in cytosol-invading bacteria may be relevant to mitochondrial-driven inflammation after MOMP. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. Moreover, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial inflammation during cell death and how these processes may potentially be harnessed therapeutically, for instance to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Vringer
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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31
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ATX-LPA-Dependent Nuclear Translocation of Endonuclease G in Respiratory Epithelial Cells: A New Mode Action for DNA Damage Induced by Crystalline Silica Particles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030865. [PMID: 36765823 PMCID: PMC9913843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica particles (CSi) are an established human carcinogen, but it is not clear how these particles cause necessary mutations. A well-established scenario includes inflammation caused by retained particles in the bronchioles, activated macrophages, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause DNA damage. In previous studies, we showed that CSi in contact with the plasma membrane of human bronchial epithelium induced double strand breaks within minutes. A signaling pathway implicating the ATX-LPA axis, Rac1, NLRP3, and mitochondrial depolarization upstream of DSB formation was delineated. In this paper, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that this signaling pathway triggers endonuclease G (EndoG) translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus. The DNA damage is documented as γH2AX and p53BP1 nuclear foci, strand breaks in the Comet assay, and as micronuclei. In addition, the DNA damage is induced by low doses of CSi that do not induce apoptosis. By inhibiting the ATX-LPA axis or by EndoG knockdown, we prevent EndoG translocation and DSB formation. Our data indicate that CSi in low doses induces DSBs by sub-apoptotic activation of EndoG, adding CSi to a list of carcinogens that may induce mutations via sub-apoptotic and "minority MOMP" effects. This is the first report linking the ATX-LPA axis to this type of carcinogenic effect.
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32
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The Assessment of the Phototoxic Action of Chlortetracycline and Doxycycline as a Potential Treatment of Melanotic Melanoma-Biochemical and Molecular Studies on COLO 829 and G-361 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032353. [PMID: 36768675 PMCID: PMC9917077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is still one of the most dangerous cancers. New methods of treatment are sought due to its high aggressiveness and the relatively low effectiveness of therapies. Tetracyclines are drugs exhibiting anticancer activity. Previous studies have also shown their activity against melanoma cells. The possibility of tetracycline accumulation in pigmented tissues and the increase in their toxicity under the influence of UVA radiation creates the possibility of developing a new anti-melanoma therapy. This study aimed to analyze the phototoxic effect of doxycycline and chlortetracycline on melanotic melanoma cells COLO 829 and G-361. The results indicated that tetracycline-induced phototoxicity significantly decreased the number of live cells by cell cycle arrest as well as a decrease in cell viability. The simultaneous exposure of cells to drugs and UVA caused the depolarization of mitochondria as well as inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. It was found that the combined treatment activated initiator and effector caspases, caused DNA fragmentation and elevated p53 level. Finally, it was concluded that doxycycline demonstrated a stronger cytotoxic and phototoxic effect. UVA irradiation of melanoma cells treated with doxycycline and chlortetracycline allows for the reduction of therapeutic drug concentrations and increases the effectiveness of tested tetracyclines.
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33
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Liang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Song J, Jin J, Qian H. Anticancer applications of phytochemicals in gastric cancer: Effects and molecular mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1078090. [PMID: 36712679 PMCID: PMC9877357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignant cancer and is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Phytochemicals have been shown to be a rational, safe, non-toxic, and very promising approach to the prevention and treatment of cancer. It has been found that phytochemicals have protective effects against GC through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, suppressing cell invasion and migration, anti-angiogenesis, inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection, regulating the microenvironment. In recent years, the role of phytochemicals in the occurrence, development, drug resistance and prognosis of GC has attracted more and more attention. In order to better understand the relationship between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, we briefly summarize the roles and functions of phytochemicals in GC tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. This review will probably help guide the public to prevent the occurrence and development of GC through phytochemicals, and develop functional foods or drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
| | - Hui Qian
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
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Nguyen D, Holien J, Dekiwadia C, Thrimawithana T, Piva T, Huynh T. Momordica cochinchinensis (Gấc) Seed Extracts Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010100. [PMID: 36678596 PMCID: PMC9864523 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica cochinchinensis is a herbal medicine used throughout Asia and this study investigated the antimelanoma potentials and molecular mechanisms of M. cochinchinensis seed with emphasis on extraction to optimise bioactivity. Overall, the aqueous extract was superior, with a wider diversity and higher concentration of proteins and peptides that was more cytotoxic to the melanoma cells than other extraction solvents. The IC50 of the aqueous extract on melanoma cells were similar to treatment with current anticancer drugs, vemurafenib and cisplatin. This cytotoxicity was cancer-specific with lower cytotoxic effects on HaCaT epidermal keratinocytes. Cytotoxicity correlated with MAPK signalling pathways leading to apoptosis and necrosis induced by triggering tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1), reducing the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), and suppression of BRAF/MEK. This efficacy of M. cochinchinensis seed extracts on melanoma cells provides a platform for future clinical trials as potent adjunctive therapy for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan Street, Buon Ma Thuot City 63000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Jessica Holien
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, GPO 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Thilini Thrimawithana
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Terrence Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (T.H.)
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Weigelin B, Friedl P. T cell-mediated additive cytotoxicity - death by multiple bullets. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:980-987. [PMID: 35965200 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune effector cells, including cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), induce apoptosis and eliminate target cells by direct cell-cell contacts. In vivo, CTLs fail to efficiently kill solid tumor cells by individual contacts but rely upon multihit interactions by many CTLs (swarming). Recent evidence has indicated that multihit interactions by CTLs induce a series of sublethal damage events in target cells, including perforin-mediated membrane damage, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear envelope rupture, and DNA damage. Individual damage can be repaired, but when induced in rapid sequence, sublethal damage can accumulate and induce target cell death. Here, we summarize the sublethal damage and additive cytotoxicity concepts for CTL-induced and other cell stresses and discuss the implications for improving immunotherapy and multitargeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Weigelin
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands (CGC.nl), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Ito H, Ishikawa M, Matsumoto H, Sugihara F, Okuzaki D, Hirata H, Ogura H. Transcriptional differences between coronavirus disease 2019 and bacterial sepsis. Virol J 2022; 19:198. [PMID: 36443881 PMCID: PMC9702864 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to major public health crises worldwide. Several studies have reported the comprehensive mRNA expression analysis of immune-related genes in patients with COVID-19, using blood samples, to understand its pathogenesis; however, the characteristics of RNA expression in COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis have not been compared. The current study aimed to address this gap. METHODS RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to compare the transcriptome expression of whole blood samples from patients with COVID-19 and patients with sepsis who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. RESULTS The COVID-19 and sepsis cohorts showed upregulation of mitochondrial- and neutrophil-related transcripts, respectively. Compared with that in the control cohort, neutrophil-related transcripts were upregulated in both the COVID-19 and sepsis cohorts. In contrast, mitochondrial-related transcripts were upregulated in the COVID-19 cohort and downregulated in the sepsis cohort, compared to those in the control cohort. Moreover, transcript levels of the pro-apoptotic genes BAK1, CYCS, BBC3, CASP7, and CASP8 were upregulated in the COVID-19 cohort, whereas those of anti-apoptotic genes, such as BCL2L11 and BCL2L1, were upregulated in the sepsis cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the differential expression of transcripts related to neutrophils and mitochondria in sepsis and COVID-19 conditions. Mitochondrial-related transcripts were downregulated in sepsis than in COVID-19 conditions, and our results indicated suboptimal intrinsic apoptotic features in sepsis samples compared with that in COVID-19 samples. This study is expected to contribute to the development of specific treatments for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamada-Oka, Suita-Shi, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Mirzayans R, Murray D. What Are the Reasons for Continuing Failures in Cancer Therapy? Are Misleading/Inappropriate Preclinical Assays to Be Blamed? Might Some Modern Therapies Cause More Harm than Benefit? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13217. [PMID: 36362004 PMCID: PMC9655591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50 years of cancer research has resulted in the generation of massive amounts of information, but relatively little progress has been made in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, except for extending their survival for a few months at best. Here, we will briefly discuss some of the reasons for this failure, focusing on the limitations and sometimes misunderstanding of the clinical relevance of preclinical assays that are widely used to identify novel anticancer drugs and treatment strategies (e.g., "synthetic lethality"). These include colony formation, apoptosis (e.g., caspase-3 activation), immunoblotting, and high-content multiwell plate cell-based assays, as well as tumor growth studies in animal models. A major limitation is that such assays are rarely designed to recapitulate the tumor repopulating properties associated with therapy-induced cancer cell dormancy (durable proliferation arrest) reflecting, for example, premature senescence, polyploidy and/or multinucleation. Furthermore, pro-survival properties of apoptotic cancer cells through phoenix rising, failed apoptosis, and/or anastasis (return from the brink of death), as well as cancer immunoediting and the impact of therapeutic agents on interactions between cancer and immune cells are often overlooked in preclinical studies. A brief review of the history of cancer research makes one wonder if modern strategies for treating patients with solid tumors may sometimes cause more harm than benefit.
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Kalkavan H, Chen MJ, Crawford JC, Quarato G, Fitzgerald P, Tait SWG, Goding CR, Green DR. Sublethal cytochrome c release generates drug-tolerant persister cells. Cell 2022; 185:3356-3374.e22. [PMID: 36055199 PMCID: PMC9450215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-tolerant persister cells (persisters) evade apoptosis upon targeted and conventional cancer therapies and represent a major non-genetic barrier to effective cancer treatment. Here, we show that cells that survive treatment with pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetics display a persister phenotype that includes colonization and metastasis in vivo and increased sensitivity toward ferroptosis by GPX4 inhibition. We found that sublethal mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and holocytochrome c release are key requirements for the generation of the persister phenotype. The generation of persisters is independent of apoptosome formation and caspase activation, but instead, cytosolic cytochrome c induces the activation of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase and engagement of the integrated stress response (ISR) with the consequent synthesis of ATF4, all of which are required for the persister phenotype. Our results reveal that sublethal cytochrome c release couples sublethal MOMP to caspase-independent initiation of an ATF4-dependent, drug-tolerant persister phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mark J Chen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy C Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Giovanni Quarato
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Palazzo A, Hernandez-Vargas H, Goehrig D, Médard JJ, Vindrieux D, Flaman JM, Bernard D. Transformed cells after senescence give rise to more severe tumor phenotypes than transformed non-senescent cells. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Lan YH, Lu YS, Wu JY, Lee HT, Srinophakun P, Canko GN, Chiu CC, Wang HMD. Cordyceps militaris Reduces Oxidative Stress and Regulates Immune T Cells to Inhibit Metastatic Melanoma Invasion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081502. [PMID: 36009221 PMCID: PMC9404731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) was used as a functional material to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms on B16F10 and lung metastatic melanoma (LMM) cells. Reducing power, chelating ability, and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were applied for antioxidative capacities, and we obtained positive results from the proper concentrations of CM. To examine the ability of CM in melanoma proliferation inhibition and to substantiate the previous outcomes, three cellular experiments were performed via (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT, a tetrazole) assay, cell migration, and invasion evaluation. The addition of CM to the incubation medium increased the number of CD8+ T cells significantly, which improved the immunogenicity. This study showed that CM exhibits various biological capabilities, including antioxidation, anti-tumor, tumor invasion suppression, and T cytotoxic cell activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Lan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, ASIA University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Yu Wu
- Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- The Department of Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Penjit Srinophakun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Gizem Naz Canko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-935-753-718 or +886-4-2284-0733 (ext. 651); Fax: +886-4-228-522-42
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No time to die? Intrinsic apoptosis signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:181-187. [PMID: 35787546 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dysregulated apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of many hematologic malignancies. BH3-mimetics, antagonists of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, represent novel, and promising cancer drugs. While the acute myelosuppressive effects of Venetoclax, the first Food and Drug Administration approved BCL-2 inhibitor, are fairly well described, little is known about side effects of novel BH3-mimetics and effects of chronic Venetoclax treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Highly relevant publications focused on the effects of acute and chronic Venetoclax therapy, with focus on cell-type specific adaptive mechanisms, the emergence of clonal hematopoiesis, and the selection of BAX-mutated hematopoietic cells in patients treated with Venetoclax for a long period. Important advances were made in understanding primary and secondary Venetoclax resistance and prediction of Venetoclax response. Combination therapies of BH3-mimetics targeting different BCL-2 proteins are highly anticipated. However, human stem and progenitors require both MCL-1 and BCL-XL for survival, and serious myelosuppressive effects of combined MCL-1/BCL-XL inhibition can be expected. SUMMARY Long-term studies are indispensable to profile the chronic side effects of Venetoclax and novel BH3-mimetics and better balance their risk vs. benefit in cancer therapy. Combination therapies will be powerful, but potentially limited by severe myelosuppression. For precision medicine, a better knowledge of BCL-2 proteins in the healthy and diseased hematopoietic system is required.
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Keeping Cell Death Alive: An Introduction into the French Cell Death Research Network. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070901. [PMID: 35883457 PMCID: PMC9313292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Nobel Prize award more than twenty years ago for discovering the core apoptotic pathway in C. elegans, apoptosis and various other forms of regulated cell death have been thoroughly characterized by researchers around the world. Although many aspects of regulated cell death still remain to be elucidated in specific cell subtypes and disease conditions, many predicted that research into cell death was inexorably reaching a plateau. However, this was not the case since the last decade saw a multitude of cell death modalities being described, while harnessing their therapeutic potential reached clinical use in certain cases. In line with keeping research into cell death alive, francophone researchers from several institutions in France and Belgium established the French Cell Death Research Network (FCDRN). The research conducted by FCDRN is at the leading edge of emerging topics such as non-apoptotic functions of apoptotic effectors, paracrine effects of cell death, novel canonical and non-canonical mechanisms to induce apoptosis in cell death-resistant cancer cells or regulated forms of necrosis and the associated immunogenic response. Collectively, these various lines of research all emerged from the study of apoptosis and in the next few years will increase the mechanistic knowledge into regulated cell death and how to harness it for therapy.
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McKenzie B, Khazen R, Valitutti S. Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs: How Tumor Cells Defend Against the Siege Weapons of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894306. [PMID: 35592329 PMCID: PMC9110820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the main cellular effectors of the adaptive immune response against cancer cells, which in turn have evolved sophisticated cellular defense mechanisms to withstand CTL attack. Herein we provide a critical review of the pertinent literature on early and late attack/defense events taking place at the CTL/target cell lytic synapse. We examine the earliest steps of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity (“the poison arrows”) elicited within seconds of CTL/target cell encounter, which face commensurately rapid synaptic repair mechanisms on the tumor cell side, providing the first formidable barrier to CTL attack. We examine how breach of this first defensive barrier unleashes the inextinguishable “Greek fire” in the form of granzymes whose broad cytotoxic potential is linked to activation of cell death executioners, injury of vital organelles, and destruction of intracellular homeostasis. Herein tumor cells deploy slower but no less sophisticated defensive mechanisms in the form of enhanced autophagy, increased reparative capacity, and dysregulation of cell death pathways. We discuss how the newly discovered supra-molecular attack particles (SMAPs, the “scorpion bombs”), seek to overcome the robust defensive mechanisms that confer tumor cell resistance. Finally, we discuss the implications of the aforementioned attack/defense mechanisms on the induction of regulated cell death (RCD), and how different contemporary RCD modalities (including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) may have profound implications for immunotherapy. Thus, we propose that understanding and targeting multiple steps of the attack/defense process will be instrumental to enhance the efficacy of CTL anti-tumor activity and meet the outstanding challenges in clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienne McKenzie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Roxana Khazen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Cao K, Riley JS, Heilig R, Montes-Gómez AE, Vringer E, Berthenet K, Cloix C, Elmasry Y, Spiller DG, Ichim G, Campbell KJ, Gilmore AP, Tait SWG. Mitochondrial dynamics regulate genome stability via control of caspase-dependent DNA damage. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1211-1225.e6. [PMID: 35447090 PMCID: PMC9616799 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is interconnected with cancer. Nevertheless, how defective mitochondria promote cancer is poorly understood. We find that mitochondrial dysfunction promotes DNA damage under conditions of increased apoptotic priming. Underlying this process, we reveal a key role for mitochondrial dynamics in the regulation of DNA damage and genome instability. The ability of mitochondrial dynamics to regulate oncogenic DNA damage centers upon the control of minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a process that enables non-lethal caspase activation leading to DNA damage. Mitochondrial fusion suppresses minority MOMP and its associated DNA damage by enabling homogeneous mitochondrial expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins. Finally, we find that mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits pro-apoptotic BAX retrotranslocation, causing BAX mitochondrial localization and thereby promoting minority MOMP. Unexpectedly, these data reveal oncogenic effects of mitochondrial dysfunction that are mediated via mitochondrial dynamics and caspase-dependent DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Joel S Riley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosalie Heilig
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alfredo E Montes-Gómez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Esmee Vringer
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yassmin Elmasry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David G Spiller
- Systems Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Yaobishu Regulates Inflammatory, Metabolic, Autophagic, and Apoptosis Pathways to Attenuate Lumbar Disc Herniation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3861380. [PMID: 35615578 PMCID: PMC9125431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3861380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective Here, we aimed to explore the main mechanism of Yaobishu (YBS) in lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods and Results Eighteen compounds that might act on LDH were obtained through a combination of network pharmacology prediction and identification by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The key compounds were palmitic acid and trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (cinnamate). KEGG analysis demonstrated that palmitic acid target genes mainly regulate the PPAR signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and fatty acid metabolism. Cinnamate target genes were primarily involved in chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, lipid and atherosclerosis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and nitrogen metabolism. The rat LDH model was constructed using autologous nucleus pulposus tissue implantation. Differential expression gene (DEGs) related to metabolism (CDKN1A and UHRF1), inflammation (S100A9 and SOCS3), autophagy (DCN and LEPR), and apoptosis (CTSW and BCL2A1) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues of the control and LDH groups was evaluated by RNA-Seq. TNF-α stimulated DRG neuronal cells were used to establish an in vitro LDH model. YBS, palmitic acid, and cinnamate reduced the expression of substance P, CGRP, S100A9, CTSW, and cleaved caspase-3, while enhancing the expression of CDKN1A, UHRF1, PCNA, Ki67, SOCS3, DCN, LEPR, and BCL2A1, as well as telomerase activity. Pearson's correlation analysis confirmed that DCN was positively correlated with BCL2A1, indicating that autophagy might be negatively correlated with apoptosis in LDH. YBS, palmitic acid, and cinnamate reduced the Siegal neurological score and serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels, while increasing changes in the hind paw mechanical withdrawal threshold. The RNA-Seq results further showed that YBS downregulated S100A9 and CTSW expression, while upregulating SOCS3, CDKN1A, UHRF1, DCN, LEPR, and BCL2A1 expression. Conclusion YBS and its compounds, palmitic acid, and cinnamate, attenuated LDH by regulating the inflammatory, metabolic, autophagic, and apoptotic pathways. Our results might improve the theoretical and experimental basis for clinical applications of LDH disease treatment.
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Xu DC, Wang L, Yamada KM, Baena-Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic activation of Drosophila caspase-2/9 modulates JNK signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and growth of wound-like tumors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110718. [PMID: 35443185 PMCID: PMC9082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis due to caspase deregulation is considered one of the main hallmarks of cancer. However, the discovery of novel non-apoptotic caspase functions has revealed unknown intricacies about the interplay between these enzymes and tumor progression. To investigate this biological problem, we capitalized on a Drosophila tumor model with human relevance based on the simultaneous overactivation of the EGFR and the JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Our data indicate that widespread non-apoptotic activation of initiator caspases limits JNK signaling and facilitates cell fate commitment in these tumors, thus preventing the overgrowth and exacerbation of malignant features of transformed cells. Intriguingly, caspase activity also reduces the presence of macrophage-like cells with tumor-promoting properties in the tumor microenvironment. These findings assign tumor-suppressing activities to caspases independent of apoptosis, while providing molecular details to better understand the contribution of these enzymes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cui Xu
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA.
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Spontaneous activity of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway drives chromosomal defects, the appearance of micronuclei and cancer metastasis through the Caspase-Activated DNAse. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:315. [PMID: 35393399 PMCID: PMC8990075 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei are DNA-containing structures separate from the nucleus found in cancer cells. Micronuclei are recognized by the immune sensor axis cGAS/STING, driving cancer metastasis. The mitochondrial apoptosis apparatus can be experimentally triggered to a non-apoptotic level, and this can drive the appearance of micronuclei through the Caspase-activated DNAse (CAD). We tested whether spontaneously appearing micronuclei in cancer cells are linked to sub-lethal apoptotic signals. Inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis or of CAD reduced the number of micronuclei in tumor cell lines as well as the number of chromosomal misalignments in tumor cells and intestinal organoids. Blockade of mitochondrial apoptosis or deletion of CAD reduced, while experimental activation CAD, STING-dependently, enhanced aggressive growth of tumor cells in vitro. Deletion of CAD from human cancer cells reduced metastasis in xenograft models. CAD-deficient cells displayed a substantially altered gene-expression profile, and a CAD-associated gene expression ‘signature’ strongly predicted survival in cancer patients. Thus, low-level activity in the mitochondrial apoptosis apparatus operates through CAD-dependent gene-induction and STING-activation and has substantial impact on metastasis in cancer.
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48
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Translational organoid technology – the convergence of chemical, mechanical, and computational biology. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1121-1135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Geng J, Jensen G, Jackson K, Pontsler J, Rengarajan V, Sun Y, Britt D, Huang Y. Versatile activity and morphological effects of zinc oxide submicron particles as anticancer agents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:627-644. [PMID: 35350869 PMCID: PMC9118057 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Submicron particles (SMPs), as novel bionanomaterials, offer complementary benefits to their conventional nano-counterparts. Aim: To explore zinc oxide (ZnO) SMPs' bioimaging and anticancer potentials. Materials & methods: ZnO SMPs were synthesized into two shapes. Fluorescent spectrum and microscopy were studied for the bioimaging property. Wound healing and Live/Dead assays of glioblastoma cells were characterized for anticancer activities. Results: ZnO SMPs exhibited a high quantum yield (49%) with stable orange fluorescence emission. Both morphologies (most significant in the rod shape) showed tumor-selective properties in cytotoxicity, inhibition to cell migration and attenuating the cancer-upregulated genes. The tumor selectivity was attributed to particle degradation and surface properties on pH dependency. Conclusion: The authors propose that ZnO SMPs could be a promising anticancer drug with tunable, morphology-dependent properties for bioimaging and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Geng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Gregory Jensen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jefferson Pontsler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Venkatakrishnan Rengarajan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Utah State University, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - David Britt
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, ENGR 402, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Conod A, Silvano M, Ruiz I Altaba A. On the origin of metastases: Induction of pro-metastatic states after impending cell death via ER stress, reprogramming, and a cytokine storm. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110490. [PMID: 35263600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How metastatic cells arise is unclear. Here, we search for the induction of recently characterized pro-metastatic states as a surrogate for the origin of metastasis. Since cell-death-inducing therapies can paradoxically promote metastasis, we ask if such treatments induce pro-metastatic states in human colon cancer cells. We find that post-near-death cells acquire pro-metastatic states (PAMEs) and form distant metastases in vivo. These PAME ("let's go" in Greek) cells exhibit a multifactorial cytokine storm as well as signs of enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nuclear reprogramming, requiring CXCL8, INSL4, IL32, PERK-CHOP, and NANOG. PAMEs induce neighboring tumor cells to become PAME-induced migratory cells (PIMs): highly migratory cells that re-enact the storm and enhance PAME migration. Metastases are thus proposed to originate from the induction of pro-metastatic states through intrinsic and extrinsic cues in a pro-metastatic tumoral ecosystem, driven by an impending cell-death experience involving ER stress modulation, metastatic reprogramming, and paracrine recruitment via a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen Conod
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Silvano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Ruiz I Altaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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