1
|
SoRelle ED, Haynes LE, Willard KA, Chang B, Ch’ng J, Christofk H, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.598975. [PMID: 38915538 PMCID: PMC11195279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.598975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While benign in most people, EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis, up to 2% of human cancers, and is a trigger for the development of multiple sclerosis. Following latency establishment in B cells, EBV reactivates and is shed in saliva to enable infection of new hosts. Beyond its importance for transmission, the lytic cycle is also implicated in EBV-associated oncogenesis. Conversely, induction of lytic reactivation in latent EBV-positive tumors presents a novel therapeutic opportunity. Therefore, defining the dynamics and heterogeneity of EBV lytic reactivation is a high priority to better understand pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. In this study, we applied single-cell techniques to analyze diverse fate trajectories during lytic reactivation in two B cell models. Consistent with prior work, we find that cell cycle and MYC expression correlate with cells refractory to lytic reactivation. We further found that lytic induction yields a continuum from abortive to complete reactivation. Abortive lytic cells upregulate NFκB and IRF3 pathway target genes, while cells that proceed through the full lytic cycle exhibit unexpected expression of genes associated with cellular reprogramming. Distinct subpopulations of lytic cells further displayed variable profiles for transcripts known to escape virus-mediated host shutoff. These data reveal previously unknown and promiscuous outcomes of lytic reactivation with broad implications for viral replication and EBV-associated oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D. SoRelle
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren E. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine A. Willard
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Beth Chang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Ch’ng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Center for Virology, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kunnummal M, Raveendran PS, Basu B, Rani SV, Paul RA, Kuppusamy K, Angelin M, Issac J, James J, Das AV. HPV16 E6/E7-mediated regulation of PiwiL1 expression induces tumorigenesis in cervical cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:917-937. [PMID: 38036929 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PiwiL1 has been reported to be over-expressed in many cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which these proteins contribute to tumorigenesis and their regulation in cancer cells is still unclear. We intend to understand the role of PiwiL1 in tumorigenesis and also its regulation in cervical cells. METHODS We studied the effect of loss of PiwiL1 function on tumor properties of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Also we have looked into the effect of PiwiL1 overexpression in the malignant transformation of normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further RNA-seq and RIP-seq analyses were done to get insight of the direct and indirect targets of PiwiL1 in the cervical cancer cells. RESULTS Here, we report that PiwiL1 is not only over-expressed, but also play a major role in tumor induction and progression. Abolition of PiwiL1 in CaSki cells led to a decrease in the tumor-associated properties, whereas, its upregulation conferred malignant transformation of normal HaCaT cells. Our study delineates a new link between HPV oncogenes, E6 and E7 with PiwiL1. p53 and E2F1 directly bind and differentially regulate PiwiL1 promoter in a context-dependant manner. Further, RNA-seq together with RIP-RNA-seq suggested a strong and direct role for PiwiL1 in promoting metastasis in cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that PiwiL1 act as an oncogene in cervical cancer by inducing tumor-associated properties and EMT pathway. The finding that HPV oncogenes, E6/E7 can positively regulate PiwiL1 suggests a possible mechanism behind HPV-mediated tumorigenesis in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pooja Sherly Raveendran
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Budhaditya Basu
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sheri Vidya Rani
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Riya Ann Paul
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Krithiga Kuppusamy
- Bioscience Research and Training Centre, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram, 695317, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Joby Issac
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Jackson James
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun X, Zhao X, Xu Y, Yan Y, Han L, Wei M, He M. Potential therapeutic strategy for cancer: Multi-dimensional cross-talk between circRNAs and parental genes. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216794. [PMID: 38453043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In many ways, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to be crucial in the onset and advancement of cancer throughout the last ten years and have become a new focus of intense research in the field of RNAs. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that circRNAs can regulate parental gene expression via a variety of biological pathways. Furthermore, research into the complex interactions between circRNAs and their parental genes will shed light on their biological roles and open up new avenues for circRNAs' potential clinical translational uses. However, to date, multi-dimensional cross-talk between circRNAs and parental genes have not been systematically elucidated. Particularly intriguing is circRNA's exploration of tumor targeting, and potential therapeutic uses based on the parental gene regulation perspective. Here, we discuss their biogenesis, take a fresh look at the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs control the expression of their parental genes in cancer. We further highlight We further highlight the latest circRNA clinical translational applications, including prognostic diagnostic markers, cancer vaccines, gDNA, and so on. Demonstrating the potential benefits and future applications of circRNA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Li Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang H, Shah H, Hao J, Lin J, Prayson RA, Xie L, Bao S, Chakraborty AA, Jankowsky E, Zhao J, Yu JS. LncRNA LUCAT1 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression by Enhancing HIF1α Activity. Neuro Oncol 2024:noae036. [PMID: 38456228 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers including glioblastoma (GBM). Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) often reside in hypoxic regions and serve as reservoirs for disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in GBM. However, the lncRNAs that modulate GSC adaptations to hypoxia are poorly understood. Identification of these lncRNAs may provide new therapeutic strategies to target GSCs under hypoxia. METHODS lncRNAs induced by hypoxia in GSCs were identified by RNAseq. LUCAT1 expression was assessed by qPCR, RNAseq, Northern blot, single molecule FISH in GSCs, and interrogated in IvyGAP, TCGA, and CGGA databases. LUCAT1 was depleted by shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR/Cas13d. RNAseq, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, co-IP, ChIP, ChIPseq, RNA immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay were performed to investigate mechanisms of action of LUCAT1. GSC viability, limiting dilution assay, and tumorigenic potential in orthotopic GBM xenograft models were performed to assess the functional consequences of depleting LUCAT1. RESULTS A new isoform of Lucat1 is induced by HIF1α and NRF2 in GSCs under hypoxia. LUCAT1 is highly expressed in hypoxic regions in GBM. Mechanistically, LUCAT1 formed a complex with HIF1α and its co-activator CBP to regulate HIF1α target gene expression and GSC adaptation to hypoxia. Depletion of LUCAT1 impaired GSC self-renewal. Silencing LUCAT1 decreased tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in GBM xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS A HIF1α-LUCAT1 axis forms a positive feedback loop to amplify HIF1α signaling in GSCs under hypoxia. LUCAT1 promotes GSC self-renewal and GBM tumor growth. LUCAT1 is a potential therapeutic target in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hariti Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A Prayson
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Liangqi Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Borja E, Siegl F, Mateu R, Slaby O, Sedo A, Busek P, Sana J. Critical appraisal of the piRNA-PIWI axis in cancer and cancer stem cells. Biomark Res 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38303021 PMCID: PMC10836005 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs play an important role in various disease states, including cancer. PIWI proteins, a subfamily of Argonaute proteins, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were originally described as germline-specific molecules that inhibit the deleterious activity of transposable elements. However, several studies have suggested a role for the piRNA-PIWI axis in somatic cells, including somatic stem cells. Dysregulated expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in human tumors implies that, analogously to their roles in undifferentiated cells under physiological conditions, these molecules may be important for cancer stem cells and thus contribute to cancer progression. We provide an overview of piRNA biogenesis and critically review the evidence for the role of piRNA-PIWI axis in cancer stem cells. In addition, we examine the potential of piRNAs and PIWI proteins to become biomarkers in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garcia-Borja
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Siegl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rosana Mateu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Sedo
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Busek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 478/5, Prague 2, 128 53, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang X, Xu C, Dai H, Yang J, Huang T, Chen S, Qi L, Ruan J, Wang J. NCDN is a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma. J Cancer 2024; 15:1067-1076. [PMID: 38230206 PMCID: PMC10788732 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of central nervous system malignancy. In our study, we determined the effect of NCDN in GBM patients through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis, and studied the effects of NCDN on GBM cell function to estimate its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods: Gene expression profiles of glioblastoma cohort were acquired from TCGA database and analyzed to look for central genes that may serve as GBM therapeutic targets. Then the cell function of NCDN in glioblastoma cell was explored through in vitro cell experiments. Results: Through gene ontology (GO) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and survival analysis, we identified three key genes (NCDN, PAK1 and SPRYD3) associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma. In vitro experiments showed impaired cell migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in NCDN knockdown cells. Conclusion: NCDN affects the progress and prognosis of glioblastoma by promoting cell migration and inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengwu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haipeng Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchun Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxin Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Z, Yu X, Zhang S, He Y, Guo W. Novel roles of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in human health and diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:343. [PMID: 38031146 PMCID: PMC10685540 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA has aroused great research interest recently, they play a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and intracellular substance metabolism. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are emerging small non-coding RNAs that are 24-31 nucleotides in length. Previous studies on piRNAs were mainly limited to evaluating the binding to the PIWI protein family to play the biological role. However, recent studies have shed more lights on piRNA functions; aberrant piRNAs play unique roles in many human diseases, including diverse lethal cancers. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of piRNAs expression and the specific functional roles of piRNAs in human diseases is crucial for developing its clinical applications. Presently, research on piRNAs mainly focuses on their cancer-specific functions but lacks investigation of their expressions and epigenetic modifications. This review discusses piRNA's biogenesis and functional roles and the recent progress of functions of piRNA/PIWI protein complexes in human diseases. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding W, Wang D, Cai M, Yan Y, Liu S, Liu X, Luo A, Deng D, Liu X, Jiang H. PIWIL1 gene polymorphism and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse susceptibility among Chinese children: a five-center case-control study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203002. [PMID: 38023199 PMCID: PMC10652278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective PIWIL1 polymorphisms' role in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse susceptibility remains undiscovered. Methods A case-control designed and multiple logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the overall risk of pediatric ALL and five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PIWIL1 gene (rs35997018 C>T, rs1106042 A>G, rs7957349 C>G, rs10773771 C>T, and rs10848087 A>G) in 785 cases and 1,323 controls, which were genotyped by TaqMan assay. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the relationship. Stratified analysis was used to investigate the correlation of rs1106042 and rs10773771 genotypes and pediatric ALL relapse susceptibility in terms of age, sex, number of white blood cells (WBC), immunophenotyping, gene fusion type, karyotype, primitive/naïve lymphocytes, and minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow. Finally, the haplotype analysis was performed to appraise the relationship between inferred haplotypes of PIWIL1 and pediatric ALL risk. Results Among the five analyzed SNPs, rs1106042 A>G was related to increased ALL risk, and rs10773771 C>T was related to decreased ALL risk. Compared to the GG genotype, the rs1106042 GA/AA had a deleterious effect on children of age <120 months, who were female and male, had high or average number of WBC, pro-B ALL, pre-B ALL, T-ALL, low- and middle-risk ALL, E2A-PBX fusion gene, non-gene fusion, abnormal diploid, high hyperdiploid, hypodiploid, and normal diploid. Moreover, rs1106042 A>G harmfully affected primitive/naïve lymphocytes and MRD on days 15-19, day 33, and week 12. On the contrary, rs10773771 TC/CC exhibited a protective effect on ALL children with the TEL-AML fusion gene. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that haplotypes CAGT, TACC, TACT, and TAGT were significantly associated with increased pediatric ALL relapse susceptibility. Conclusion PIWIL1 rs1106042 A>G was related to increased ALL risk, and rs10773771 C>T was linked to decreased ALL risk in eastern Chinese children. Rs1106042 GA/AA may predict poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Ding
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Decheng Deng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao Y, Zhang F, Ma Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Yang N, Liu M, Liu H, Li J. Potential biomarkers for the early detection of bone metastases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1188357. [PMID: 37404755 PMCID: PMC10315674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1188357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of bone metastases are diversified while many sites remain asymptomatic at early stage. As the early diagnosis method is not perfect and the early symptoms of tumor bone metastasis are not typical, bone metastasis is not easy to be detected. Therefore, the search for bone metastasis-related markers is effective for timely detection of tumor bone metastases and the development of drugs to inhibit bone metastases. As a result, bone metastases can only be diagnosed when symptoms are found, increasing the risk of developing skeletal-related event (SREs), which significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. Therefore, the early diagnosis of bone metastases is of great importance for the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. Changes of bone metabolism indexes appear earlier in bone metastases, but the traditional biochemical indexes of bone metabolism lack of specificity and could be interfered by many factors, which limits their application in the study of bone metastases. Some new biomarkers of bone metastases have good diagnostic value, such as proteins, ncRNAs, circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Therefore, this study mainly reviewed the initial diagnostic biomarkers of bone metastases which were expected to provide references for the early detection of bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yage Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou J, Xie H, Liu J, Huang R, Xiang Y, Tian D, Bian E. PIWI-interacting RNAs: Critical roles and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216189. [PMID: 37076042 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs (approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length) that often bind to members of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs regulate transposons in animal germ cells; piRNAs are also specifically expressed in many human tissues and regulate pivotal signaling pathways. Additionally, the abnormal expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins has been associated with various malignant tumours, and multiple mechanisms of piRNA-mediated target gene dysregulation are involved in tumourigenesis and progression, suggesting that they have the potential to serve as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumours. However, the functions and potential mechanisms of action of piRNAs in cancer have not yet been elucidated. This review summarises the current findings on the biogenesis, function, and mechanisms of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in cancer. We also discuss the clinical significance of piRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for cancer. Finally, we present some critical questions regarding piRNA research that need to be addressed to provide insight into the future development of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ruixiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ikeda Y, Morikawa S, Nakashima M, Yoshikawa S, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Suga N, Tsuji A, Matsuda S. CircRNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins Involved in the Pathogenesis of Cancers or Central Nervous System Disorders. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9020023. [PMID: 37104005 PMCID: PMC10142617 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a newly recognized group of noncoding RNA transcripts, have established widespread attention due to their regulatory role in cell signaling. They are covalently closed noncoding RNAs that form a loop, and are typically generated during the splicing of precursor RNAs. CircRNAs are key post-transcriptional and post-translational regulators of gene expression programs that might influence cellular response and/or function. In particular, circRNAs have been considered to function as sponges of specific miRNA, regulating cellular processes at the post-transcription stage. Accumulating evidence has shown that the aberrant expression of circRNAs could play a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Notably, circRNAs, microRNAs, and several RNA-binding proteins, including the antiproliferative (APRO) family proteins, could be indispensable gene modulators, which might be strongly linked to the occurrence of diseases. In addition, circRNAs have attracted general interest for their stability, abundance in the brain, and their capability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Here, we present the current findings and theragnostic potentials of circRNAs in several diseases. With this, we aim to provide new insights to support the development of novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen S, Lin J, Zhao J, Lin Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Mui R, Ma L. FBXW7 attenuates tumor drug resistance and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147239. [PMID: 36998461 PMCID: PMC10043335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7) is a critical subunit of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF), acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase by ubiquitinating targeted protein. Through degradation of its substrates, FBXW7 plays a pivotal role in drug resistance in tumor cells and shows the potential to rescue the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment. This explains why patients with higher FBXW7 levels exhibit higher survival times and more favorable prognosis. Furthermore, FBXW7 has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by targeting the degradation of specific proteins, as compared to the inactivated form of FBXW7. Additionally, other F-box proteins have also shown the ability to conquer drug resistance in certain cancers. Overall, this review aims to explore the function of FBXW7 and its specific effects on drug resistance in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jichun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ryan Mui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Leina Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PIWI/piRNAs in human cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 36882835 PMCID: PMC9990219 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI proteins have a strong correlation with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which are significant in development and reproduction of organisms. Recently, emerging evidences have indicated that apart from the reproductive function, PIWI/piRNAs with abnormal expression, also involve greatly in varieties of human cancers. Moreover, human PIWI proteins are usually expressed only in germ cells and hardly in somatic cells, so the abnormal expression of PIWI proteins in different types of cancer offer a promising opportunity for precision medicine. In this review, we discussed current researches about the biogenesis of piRNA, its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in human cancers, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA interference, providing novel insights into the markers for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in human cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
The "Superoncogene" Myc at the Crossroad between Metabolism and Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044217. [PMID: 36835628 PMCID: PMC9966483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of the Myc (c-myc, n-myc, l-myc) oncogene as a canonical, DNA-bound transcription factor has consistently changed over the past few years. Indeed, Myc controls gene expression programs at multiple levels: directly binding chromatin and recruiting transcriptional coregulators; modulating the activity of RNA polymerases (RNAPs); and drawing chromatin topology. Therefore, it is evident that Myc deregulation in cancer is a dramatic event. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal, still incurable, brain cancer in adults, and it is characterized in most cases by Myc deregulation. Metabolic rewiring typically occurs in cancer cells, and GBM undergoes profound metabolic changes to supply increased energy demand. In nontransformed cells, Myc tightly controls metabolic pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consistently, in Myc-overexpressing cancer cells, including GBM cells, these highly controlled metabolic routes are affected by enhanced Myc activity and show substantial alterations. On the other hand, deregulated cancer metabolism impacts Myc expression and function, placing Myc at the intersection between metabolic pathway activation and gene expression. In this review paper, we summarize the available information on GBM metabolism with a specific focus on the control of the Myc oncogene that, in turn, rules the activation of metabolic signals, ensuring GBM growth.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Ramat A, Simonelig M, Liu MF. Emerging roles and functional mechanisms of PIWI-interacting RNAs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:123-141. [PMID: 36104626 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that associate with proteins of the PIWI clade of the Argonaute family. First identified in animal germ line cells, piRNAs have essential roles in germ line development. The first function of PIWI-piRNA complexes to be described was the silencing of transposable elements, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the germ line genome. Later studies provided new insights into the functions of PIWI-piRNA complexes by demonstrating that they regulate protein-coding genes. Recent studies of piRNA biology, including in new model organisms such as golden hamsters, have deepened our understanding of both piRNA biogenesis and piRNA function. In this Review, we discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of piRNA biogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of piRNA function and the emerging roles of piRNAs in germ line development mainly in flies and mice, and in infertility, cancer and neurological diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anne Ramat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Simonelig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sohn EJ, Oh SO. P-Element-Induced Wimpy Testis Proteins and P-Element-Induced Wimpy Testis-Interacting RNAs Expression in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:56-64. [PMID: 36853842 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNA and are predominantly expressed in germline cells. piRNAs function as gene regulators and potential biomarkers for the development of a number of malignancies. The biological importance of piRNAs in ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of piRNAs in ovarian cancer stem cells and compared it with that in adherent cells. Methods: To assess changes in the expression levels of PIWIL1/HIWI, PIWIL2/HILI, PIWIL3, and PIWIL4/HIWI2, we used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Changes in piRNA expression levels in ovarian cancer stem cells were analyzed using Arraystar piRNA microarray screening. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the potential functions of piRNAs. Results: Using microarray analysis, we identified a cohort of differentially expressed piRNAs. Fifteen piRNAs, including DQ570763 and DQ597396, were downregulated, and 58 piRNAs were upregulated when compared with those in adherent A2780 and SKOV3 cells (p > 0.05, >2.0, respectively). GO functions of the downregulated piRNAs (DQ570763 and DQ570797) suggest that their roles are commonly associated with the Golgi apparatus. In addition, A2780-SP and SKOV3-SP cells had higher PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 mRNA levels than adherent cells (A2780 and SKOV3). Moreover, we determined, using receiver operating characteristic plot, that the expression level of PIWIL4 was lower in responders than in nonresponders after treatment with platins in patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, in ovarian cancer, PIWIL4 expression was associated with somatic mutations of dynein axonemal heavy chain 2, signal induced proliferation associated 1 like 2, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 1, TBC1 domain family member 8, and LPS responsive Beige-like anchor protein. Conclusion: Our study showed that PIWI proteins and piRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noyes C, Kitajima S, Li F, Suita Y, Miriyala S, Isaac S, Ahsan N, Knelson E, Vajdi A, Tani T, Thai TC, Xu D, Murai J, Tapinos N, Takahashi C, Barbie DA, Yajima M. The germline factor DDX4 contributes to the chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:65. [PMID: 36653474 PMCID: PMC9849207 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cancers often re-express germline factors, yet their mechanistic role in oncogenesis and cancer progression remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4), a germline factor and RNA helicase conserved in all multicellular organisms, contributes to increased cell motility and cisplatin-mediated drug resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Proteomic analysis suggests that DDX4 expression upregulates proteins related to DNA repair and immune/inflammatory response. Consistent with these trends in cell lines, DDX4 depletion compromised in vivo tumor development while its overexpression enhanced tumor growth even after cisplatin treatment in nude mice. Further, the relatively higher DDX4 expression in SCLC patients correlates with decreased survival and shows increased expression of immune/inflammatory response markers. Taken together, we propose that DDX4 increases SCLC cell survival, by increasing the DNA damage and immune response pathways, especially under challenging conditions such as cisplatin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Noyes
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fengkai Li
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Saradha Miriyala
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Shakson Isaac
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Erik Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amir Vajdi
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tetsuo Tani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Derek Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Junko Murai
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Plasticity, Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pan-Cancer Study on Variants of Canonical miRNA Biogenesis Pathway Components: A Pooled Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020338. [PMID: 36672288 PMCID: PMC9856462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in microRNA processing/maturation and release may deregulate the microRNAome expression levels. We aimed to assess the relationship between miRNA machinery genetic variants and human cancer risk using integrative bioinformatics analyses to identify the role of these genes in cancer aggressiveness. Mutations of 8176 pan-cancer samples were retrieved from 33 studies in "TCGA" database, and a Cox regression model for survival was performed. Next, 22 computationally identified variants within 11 genes were selected based on their high citation rate and MAF. Relevant articles through March 2020 were included. Pooled estimates under the five genetic association models were calculated. Publication bias and heterogeneity between articles were evaluated. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was applied to assess the power and reliability of the draw conclusions. TCGA patients with different cancer types revealed significant alterations in miRNA machinery genes, with mutation frequency ranging from 0.6-13% of samples. RAN was associated with LN metastasis, while TARBP2 and PIWIL1 gene mutations exhibited better overall survival. In the meta-analysis, 45 articles (74,593 cases and 89,198 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Pooled analysis revealed an increased cancer risk with DROSHArs10719*G, RANrs3803012*G, DGCR8rs417309*A, and GEMIN3rs197414*A. In contrast, both DICER1rs1057035*T and GEMIN4rs2743048*G conferred protection against developing cancer. TSA showed the cumulative evidence is inadequate, and the addition of further primary studies is necessary. This study suggests a potential role of miRNA biogenesis genes in cancer development/prognosis. Further functional studies may reveal biological explanations for the differential risks of the machinery variants in different cancer types.
Collapse
|
19
|
Han XX, Jin S, Yu LM, Wang M, Hu XY, Hu DY, Ren J, Zhang MH, Huang W, Deng JJ, Chen QQ, Gao Z, He H, Cai C. Interferon-beta inhibits human glioma stem cell growth by modulating immune response and cell cycle related signaling pathways. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:23. [PMID: 35778531 PMCID: PMC9249963 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Glioma is characterized by strong self-renewal potential and immature differentiation potential. The main reason is that malignant glioma holds key cluster cells, glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is well known for its anti-proliferative efficacy in diverse cancers. IFN-β also displayed potent antitumor effects in malignant glioma. IFN-β affect both GSCs and Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the treatment of gliomas. However, the functional comparison, similar or different effects of IFN-β on GSCs and NSCs are rarely reported. Here, we studied the similarities and differences of the responses to IFN-β between human GSCs and normal NSCs. We found that IFN-β preferentially inhibited GSCs over NSCs. The cell body and nucleus size of GSCs increased after IFN-β treatment, and the genomic analysis revealed the enrichment of the upregulated immune response, cell adhesion genes and down regulated cell cycle, ribosome pathways. Several typical cyclin genes, including cyclin A2 (CCNA2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), were significantly downregulated in GSCs after IFN-β stimulation. We also found that continuous IFN-β stimulation after passage further enhanced the inhibitory effect. Our study revealed how genetic diversity resulted in differential effects in response to IFN-β treatment. These results may contribute to improve the applications of IFN-β in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, these results may also help to design more effective pharmacological strategies to target cancer stem cells while protecting normal neural stem cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Goenka A, Tiek DM, Song X, Iglesia RP, Lu M, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2031. [PMID: 36009578 PMCID: PMC9405925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chattopadhyay T, Biswal P, Lalruatfela A, Mallick B. Emerging roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins in head and neck cancer and their potential clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188772. [PMID: 35931391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are among the well-known neoplasms originating in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, the survival rates of the patients are low, which has posed a major therapeutic challenge. A growing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), for instance, microRNAs, have been identified whose abnormal expression patterns have been implicated in HNSCC. However, more recently, several seminal research has shown that piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a promising and young class of small ncRNA, are linked to the emergence and progression of cancer. They can regulate transposable elements (TE) and gene expression through multiple mechanisms, making them potentially more powerful regulators than miRNAs. Hence, they can be more promising ncRNAs candidates for cancer therapeutic intervention. Here, we surveyed the roles and clinical implications of piRNAs and their PIWI proteins partners in tumorigenesis and associated molecular processes of cancer, with a particular focus on HNSCC, to offer a new avenue for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions for the malignancy, improving patient's outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Chattopadhyay
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Priyajit Biswal
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Anthony Lalruatfela
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hypoxia-induced HMGB1 promotes glioma stem cells self-renewal and tumorigenicity via RAGE. iScience 2022; 25:104872. [PMID: 36034219 PMCID: PMC9399482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) in the hypoxic niches contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence in glioblastoma (GBM). Hypoxia induces release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from tumor cells, promoting the development of tumor. Here, we report that HMGB1 is overexpressed in human GBM specimens. Hypoxia promotes the expression and secretion of HMGB1 in GSCs. Furthermore, silencing HMGB1 results in the loss of stem cell markers and a reduction in self-renewal ability of GSCs. Additionally, HMGB1 knockdown inhibits the activation of RAGE-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway and arrests the cell cycle in GSCs. Consistently, FPS-ZM1, an inhibitor of RAGE, downregulates HMGB1 expression and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, leading to a reduction in the proliferation of GSCs. In xenograft mice of GBM, HMGB1 knockdown inhibits tumor growth and promotes mouse survival. Collectively, these findings uncover a vital function for HMGB1 in regulating GSC self-renewal potential and tumorigenicity. Glioma stem cells overexpress HMGB1 in human glioblastoma Hypoxia induces the upregulation and release of HMGB1 in glioma stem cells HMGB1 promotes the self-renewal of glioma stem cells via RAGE Targeting HMGB1 inhibits the tumorigenesis of glioma stem cells
Collapse
|
23
|
Fan J, Bellon M, Ju M, Zhao L, Wei M, Fu L, Nicot C. Clinical significance of FBXW7 loss of function in human cancers. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:87. [PMID: 35346215 PMCID: PMC8962602 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-Box and WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) (also referred to as FBW7 or hCDC4) is a component of the Skp1-Cdc53 / Cullin-F-box-protein complex (SCF/β-TrCP). As a member of the F-box protein family, FBXW7 serves a role in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of oncoproteins that play critical role(s) in oncogenesis. FBXW7 affects many regulatory functions involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, tumor invasion, DNA damage repair, genomic instability and telomere biology. This thorough review of current literature details how FBXW7 expression and functions are regulated through multiple mechanisms and how that ultimately drives tumorigenesis in a wide array of cell types. The clinical significance of FBXW7 is highlighted by the fact that FBXW7 is frequently inactivated in human lung, colon, and hematopoietic cancers. The loss of FBXW7 can serve as an independent prognostic marker and is significantly correlated with the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents and poorer disease outcomes. Recent evidence shows that genetic mutation of FBXW7 differentially affects the degradation of specific cellular targets resulting in a distinct and specific pattern of activation/inactivation of cell signaling pathways. The clinical significance of FBXW7 mutations in the context of tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies as well as opportunities for targeted therapies is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Province, China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Marcia Bellon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Pathogenesis, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mingyi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Province, China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Province, China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Province, China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Pathogenesis, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Yao L, Teng Y, Yin H, Wu Q. PIWIL1 Drives Chemoresistance in Multiple Myeloma by Modulating Mitophagy and the Myeloma Stem Cell Population. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783583. [PMID: 35083142 PMCID: PMC8784391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of the Argonaute protein family, PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a key role in tumor cell viability. However, the exact function of PIWIL1 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed that PIWIL1 was highly expressed in myeloma cell lines and newly diagnosed MM patients, and that its expression was notably higher in refractory/relapsed MM patients. PIWIL1 promoted the proliferation of MM cells and conferred resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PIWIL1 enhanced the formation of autophagosomes, especially mitophagosomes, by disrupting mitochondrial calcium signaling and modulating mitophagy-related canonical PINK1/Parkin pathway protein components. Mitophagy/autophagy inhibitors overcome PIWIL1-induced chemoresistance. In addition, PIWIL1 overexpression increased the proportion of side population (SP) cells and upregulated the expression of the stem cell-associated genes Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2, while its inhibition resulted in opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PIWIL1 induced drug resistance by activating mitophagy and regulating the MM stem cell population. PIWIL1 depletion significantly overcame drug resistance and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for reversing resistance in MM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Teng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elevated P-Element-Induced Wimpy-Testis-Like Protein 1 Expression Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis for Patients with Various Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2021:9982192. [PMID: 35003260 PMCID: PMC8741353 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9982192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that overexpression of P-element-induced wimpy-testis (PIWI)-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) was associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with various types of cancers. Herein, we conducted this meta-analysis to identify the clinicopathological and prognostic value of the PIWIL1 expression in cancers. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were comprehensively retrieved for relevant studies up to August 4th, 2019. RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 statistical software programs were used to explore the relationships between PIWIL1 expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. A total of 13 studies recruiting 2179 patients with 9 types of solid tumors were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that patients with high PIWIL1 expression tended to have a shorter survival, and additionally deeper tumor invasion, higher clinical stage, and more lymph node metastasis. PIWIL1 could serve as a biomarker for prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics in various cancers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li D, Zhang Z, Xia C, Niu C, Zhou W. Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma Microenvironment and Angiogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:763610. [PMID: 34803608 PMCID: PMC8595242 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.763610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, especially glioblastoma, is the most common and lethal brain tumor. In line with the complicated vascularization processes and the strong intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor-associated blood vessels in glioma are regulated by multiple types of cells through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Components of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells and tumor-associated stromata, produce various types of molecular mediators to regulate glioma angiogenesis. As critical regulatory molecules, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) inside cells or secreted to the tumor microenvironment play essential roles in glioma angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies about the production, delivery, and functions of ncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of angiogenesis by ncRNAs. We also discuss the ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies in the anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengyu Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mirzaei R, Gordon A, Zemp FJ, Kumar M, Sarkar S, Luchman HA, Bellail AC, Hao C, Mahoney DJ, Dunn JF, Bose P, Yong VW. PD-1 independent of PD-L1 ligation promotes glioblastoma growth through the NFκB pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2148. [PMID: 34739319 PMCID: PMC8570610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor–initiating cells (BTICs) drive glioblastoma growth through not fully understood mechanisms. Here, we found that about 8% of cells within the human glioblastoma microenvironment coexpress programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and BTIC marker. Gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed that tumor-intrinsic PD-1 promoted proliferation and self-renewal of BTICs. Phosphorylation of tyrosines within the cytoplasmic tail of PD-1 recruited Src homology 2–containing phosphatase 2 and activated the nuclear factor kB in BTICs. Notably, the tumor-intrinsic promoting effects of PD-1 did not require programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) ligation; thus, the therapeutic antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 interaction could not overcome the growth advantage of PD-1 in BTICs. Last, BTIC-intrinsic PD-1 accelerated intracranial tumor growth, and this occurred in mice lacking T and B cells. These findings point to a critical role for PD-1 in BTICs and uncover a nonimmune resistance mechanism of patients with glioblastoma to PD-1– or PD-L1–blocking therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley Gordon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Franz J. Zemp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita C. Bellail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Huang X, Yang J, Gu S, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Khoong Y, Wang S, Luo S, Zan T, Li G. Identification and functional analysis of a three-miRNA ceRNA network in hypertrophic scars. J Transl Med 2021; 19:451. [PMID: 34715879 PMCID: PMC8556926 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a fibrotic disorder of skins and may have repercussions on the appearance as well as functions of patients. Recent studies related have shown that competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks centering around miRNAs may play an influential role in HTS formation. This study aimed to construct and validate a three-miRNA (miR-422a, miR-2116-3p, and miR-3187-3p) ceRNA network, and explore its potential functions. Methods Quantitative real‑time PCR (qRT‑PCR) was used to compare expression levels of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and genes between HTS and normal skin. Target lncRNAs and genes of each miRNA were predicted using starBase as well as TargetScan database to construct a distinct ceRNA network; overlapping target lncRNAs and genes of the three miRNAs were utilized to develop a three-miRNA ceRNA network. For every network, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to identify its hub genes. For each network and its hub genes, Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were conducted to explore their possible functions. Results MiR-422a, miR-2116-3p, and miR-3187-3p were all downregulated in HTS tissues and fibroblasts. MiR-422a-based ceRNA network consisted of 101 lncRNAs with 133 genes; miR-2116-3p-centered ceRNA network comprised 85 lncRNAs and 978 genes; miR-3187-3p-derived ceRNA network encompassed 84 lncRNAs as well as 1128 genes. The three-miRNA ceRNA network included 2 lncRNAs with 9 genes, where MAPK1, FOSL2, ABI2, KPNA6, CBL, lncRNA-KCNQ1OT1, and lncRNA-EBLN3P were upregulated. According to GO and KEGG analysis, these networks were consistently related to ubiquitination. Three ubiquitination-related genes (CBL, SMURF2, and USP4) were upregulated and negatively correlated with the expression levels of the three miRNAs in HTS tissues. Conclusions This study identified a three-miRNA ceRNA network, which might take part in HTS formation and correlate with ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yimin Khoong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shenying Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Guangshuai Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim JH, Kim DH, Lim YH, Shin CH, Lee YA, Kim BN, Kim JI, Hong YC. Childhood Obesity-Related Mechanisms: MicroRNome and Transcriptome Changes in a Nested Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080878. [PMID: 34440082 PMCID: PMC8389653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity could contribute to adulthood obesity, leading to adverse health outcomes in adults. However, the mechanisms for how obesity is developed are still unclear. To determine the epigenome-wide and genome-wide expression changes related with childhood obesity, we compared microRNome and transcriptome levels as well as leptin protein levels in whole bloods of 12 obese and 24 normal children aged 6 years. miR-328-3p, miR-1301-3p, miR-4685-3p, and miR-6803-3p were negatively associated with all obesity indicators. The four miRNAs were also associated with 3948 mRNAs, and separate 475 mRNAs (185 among 3948 mRNAs) were associated with all obesity indicators. The 2533 mRNAs (64.2%) among the 3948 mRNAs and 286 mRNAs (60.2%) among the 475 mRNAs were confirmed as targets of the four miRNAs in public databases through miRWalk 2.0. Leptin protein was associated with miR-6803-3p negatively and all obesity indicators positively. Using DAVID bioinformatics resources 6.8, top three pathways for obesity-related gene set were metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top three obesity-related disease classes were metabolic, cardiovascular, and chemdependency. Our results support that childhood obesity could be developed through miRNAs-related epigenetic mechanism and, further, these obesity-related epigenetic changes could control the pathways related with the development of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Da Hae Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (C.H.S.); (Y.A.L.)
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (Y.-C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are regulatory small non-coding RNAs that participate in transposon inactivation, chromatin regulation, and endogenous gene regulation. Numerous genetic and epigenetic factors regulate cell proliferation and tumor metastasis. PIWI proteins and piRNAs have been revealed to function in regulating upstream or downstream of oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes in cancer tissues. In the present review, we summarize major recent findings in uncovering the regulation and role of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in tumorigenesis and highlight some of the promising applications of specific piRNAs in cancer therapeutics and as cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
|
31
|
Dong P, Xiong Y, Konno Y, Ihira K, Xu D, Kobayashi N, Yue J, Watari H. Critical Roles of PIWIL1 in Human Tumors: Expression, Functions, Mechanisms, and Potential Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656993. [PMID: 33718392 PMCID: PMC7952444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that are 24-31 nucleotides in length. PiRNAs are thought to bind to PIWI proteins (PIWL1-4, a subfamily of Argonaute proteins), forming piRNA/PIWI complexes that influence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. However, it has been recently reported that the interaction of PIWI proteins with piRNAs does not encompass the entire function of PIWI proteins in human tumor cells. PIWIL1 (also called HIWI) is specifically expressed in the testis but not in other normal tissues. In tumor tissues, PIWIL1 is frequently overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Its high expression is closely correlated with adverse clinicopathological features and shorter patient survival. Upregulation of PIWIL1 drastically induces tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, cancer stem-like properties, tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, probably via piRNA-independent mechanisms. In this article, we summarize the current existing literature on PIWIL1 in human tumors, including its expression, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms, providing new insights into how the dysregulation of PIWIL1 contributes to tumor initiation, development and chemoresistance through diverse signaling pathways. We also discuss the most recent findings on the potential clinical applications of PIWIL1 in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daozhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|