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Benn J, Cheng S, Keeling S, Smith AE, Vaysburd MJ, Böken D, Miller LVC, Katsinelos T, Franco C, Dupré E, Danis C, Landrieu I, Buée L, Klenerman D, James LC, McEwan WA. Aggregate-selective removal of pathological tau by clustering-activated degraders. Science 2024; 385:1009-1016. [PMID: 39208111 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Selective degradation of pathological protein aggregates while sparing monomeric forms is of major therapeutic interest. The E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) degrades antibody-bound proteins in an assembly state-specific manner due to the requirement of TRIM21 RING domain clustering for activation, yet effective targeting of intracellular assemblies remains challenging. Here, we fused the RING domain of TRIM21 to a target-specific nanobody to create intracellularly expressed constructs capable of selectively degrading assembled proteins. We evaluated this approach against green fluorescent protein-tagged histone 2B (H2B-GFP) and tau, a protein that undergoes pathological aggregation in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. RING-nanobody degraders prevented or reversed tau aggregation in culture and in vivo, with minimal impact on monomeric tau. This approach may have therapeutic potential for the many disorders driven by intracellular protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Benn
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Shi Cheng
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sophie Keeling
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Annabel E Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | - Dorothea Böken
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Elian Dupré
- CNRS EMR9002-BSI-Integrative Structural Biology, LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clément Danis
- CNRS EMR9002-BSI-Integrative Structural Biology, LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS EMR9002-BSI-Integrative Structural Biology, LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Klenerman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - William A McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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2
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Mirdha L. Aggregation Behavior of Amyloid Beta Peptide Depends Upon the Membrane Lipid Composition. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:151-164. [PMID: 38888760 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation plays a crucial role in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to understand the aggregation process for the detection of the onset of these diseases. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases caused by the aggregation of Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 peptides. The smaller oligomers lead to the formation of protein plaque at the neural membranes leading to memory loss and other disorders. Interestingly, aggregation takes place at the neural membranes, therefore the membrane composition seems to play an important role in the aggregation process. Despite a large number of literatures on the effect of lipid composition on protein aggregation, there are very few concise reviews that highlight the role of membrane composition in protein aggregation. In this review, we have discussed the implication of membrane composition on the aggregation of amyloid beta peptide with a special emphasis on cholesterol. We have further discussed the role of the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and the participation of apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Mirdha
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768 019, India.
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3
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Shin KC, Ali Moussa HY, Park Y. Cholesterol imbalance and neurotransmission defects in neurodegeneration. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1685-1690. [PMID: 39085348 PMCID: PMC11371908 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain contains the highest concentration of cholesterol in the human body, which emphasizes the importance of cholesterol in brain physiology. Cholesterol is involved in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and age-related reductions in cholesterol levels can lead to synaptic loss and impaired synaptic plasticity, which potentially contribute to neurodegeneration. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis in the neuronal plasma membrane is essential for normal brain function, and imbalances in cholesterol distribution are associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. This review aims to explore the molecular and pathological mechanisms by which cholesterol imbalance can lead to neurotransmission defects and neurodegeneration, focusing on four key mechanisms: (1) synaptic dysfunction, (2) alterations in membrane structure and protein clustering, (3) oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, and (4) α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houda Yasmine Ali Moussa
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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4
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He K, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Li D, Wang S, Liu Q. Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38842175 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the brain, where it is highly concentrated and tightly regulated to support normal brain functions. It serves as a vital component of cell membranes, ensuring their integrity, and acts as a key regulator of various brain processes. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain has been linked to impaired brain function and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Recent Advances: A significant advancement has been the identification of astrocyte-derived apoliprotein E as a key regulator of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in neurons, providing insights into how extracellular signals influence neuronal cholesterol levels. In addition, the development of antibody-based therapies, particularly for AD, presents promising opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Critical Issues: Despite significant research, the association between cholesterol and neurodegenerative diseases remains inconclusive. It is crucial to distinguish between plasma cholesterol and brain cholesterol, as these pools are relatively independent. This differentiation should be considered when evaluating statin-based treatment approaches. Furthermore, assessing not only the total cholesterol content in the brain but also its distribution among different types of brain cells is essential. Future Direction: Establishing a causal link between changes in brain/plasma cholesterol levels and the onset of brain dysfunction/neurodegenerative diseases remains a key objective. In addition, conducting cell-specific analyses of cholesterol homeostasis in various types of brain cells under pathological conditions will enhance our understanding of cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulating cholesterol levels to restore homeostasis may represent a novel approach for alleviating neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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5
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Dhakal S, Macreadie IG. Simvastatin, Its Antimicrobial Activity and Its Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1133. [PMID: 38930515 PMCID: PMC11205914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin, a blockbuster drug for treating hypercholesterolemia, has multifactorial benefits as an antimicrobial agent and plays a preventative role in reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although most of the beneficial effects of simvastatin have been attributed to its ability to reduce cholesterol levels, recent scientific studies have suggested that its benefits are largely due to its pleiotropic effects in targeting other pathways, e.g., by inhibiting protein lipidation. There are certain pleiotropic effects that can be predicted from the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway; however, some of the effects of simvastatin in proteostasis lead to reduced levels of amyloid beta, the key contributor to AD. This review discusses the use of simvastatin as an antimicrobial agent and anti-AD drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Dhakal
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Ian G. Macreadie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3063, Australia
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6
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Chang HT, Chan PC, Chiu PY. Non-linear relationship between serum cholesterol levels and cognitive change among older people in the preclinical and prodromal stages of dementia: a retrospective longitudinal study in Taiwan. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:474. [PMID: 38816835 PMCID: PMC11138028 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse effects of rigorously lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on cognition have been reported; therefore, we aimed to study the contribution of serum cholesterol in cognitive decline in older people with or without dementia. METHODS Cognitive function was assessed by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). We investigated associations between serum cholesterol with cognitive decline using multiple regressions controlling for the effects of demographics, vascular risk factors, and treatments. RESULTS Most associations between cholesterol and CASI scores could be explained by non-linear and inverted U-shaped relationships (R2 = 0.003-0.006, p < 0.016, Šidákcorrection). The relationships were most evident between changes in cholesterol and CASI scores in older people at the preclinical or prodromal stages of dementia (R2 = 0.02-0.064, p values < 0.016). There were no differences in level of changes in CASI scores between individuals in 1st decile and 10th decile groups of changes in cholesterol (p = 0.266-0.972). However, individuals in the 1st decile of triglyceride changes and with stable and normal cognitive functions showed significant improvement in CASI scores compared to those in the 10th decile (t(202) = 2.275, p values < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings could implicate that rigorously lowering cholesterol may not be suitable for the prevention of cognitive decline among older people, especially among individuals in preclinical or prodromal stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Te Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Chan
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Yi Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Rahimzadeh N, Srinivasan SS, Zhang J, Swarup V. Gene networks and systems biology in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from multi-omics approaches. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3587-3605. [PMID: 38534018 PMCID: PMC11095483 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies in the field of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a comprehensive understanding of this devastating disease remains elusive. Bulk transcriptomics have provided insights into the underlying genetic factors at a high level. Subsequent technological advancements have focused on single-cell omics, encompassing techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and epigenomics, enabling the capture of RNA transcripts and chromatin states at a single cell or nucleus resolution. Furthermore, the emergence of spatial omics has allowed the study of gene responses in the vicinity of amyloid beta plaques or across various brain regions. With the vast amount of data generated, utilizing gene regulatory networks to comprehensively study this disease has become essential. This review delves into some techniques employed in the field of AD, explores the discoveries made using these techniques, and provides insights into the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rahimzadeh
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) ProgramUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shushrruth Sai Srinivasan
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) ProgramUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND)University of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Toral-Rios D, Long JM, Ulrich JD, Yu J, Strickland MR, Han X, Holtzman DM, Cashikar AG, Paul SM. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase mediates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232000. [PMID: 38442267 PMCID: PMC10908359 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, in addition to neuroinflammation and changes in brain lipid metabolism. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), a known modulator of both inflammation and lipid metabolism, is produced by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase encoded by Ch25h expressed as a "disease-associated microglia" signature gene. However, whether Ch25h influences tau-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here, we show that in the absence of Ch25h and the resultant reduction in 25-HC, there is strikingly reduced age-dependent neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and entorhinal/piriform cortex of PS19 mice, which express the P301S mutant human tau transgene. Transcriptomic analyses of bulk hippocampal tissue and single nuclei revealed that Ch25h deficiency in PS19 mice strongly suppressed proinflammatory signaling in microglia. Our results suggest a key role for Ch25h/25-HC in potentiating proinflammatory signaling to promote tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Ch25h may represent a novel therapeutic target for primary tauopathies, AD, and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Toral-Rios
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin M. Long
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason D. Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Center at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R. Strickland
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anil G. Cashikar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Dan L, Zhang Z. Alzheimer's disease: an axonal injury disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1264448. [PMID: 37927337 PMCID: PMC10620718 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1264448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and is anticipated to impose a substantial economic burden in the future. Over a significant period, the widely accepted amyloid cascade hypothesis has guided research efforts, and the recent FDA approval of an anti- amyloid-beta (Aβ) protofibrils antibody, believed to decelerate AD progression, has further solidified its significance. However, the excessive emphasis placed on the amyloid cascade hypothesis has overshadowed the physiological nature of Aβ and tau proteins within axons. Axons, specialized neuronal structures, sustain damage during the early stages of AD, exerting a pivotal influence on disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the relationship between axonal damage and AD pathology, amalgamating the physiological roles of Aβ and tau proteins, along with the impact of AD risk genes such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, we underscore the exceptional significance of axonal damage in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Jiang J, Shi H, Jiang S, Wang A, Zou X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ren Q, Xu J. Nutrition in Alzheimer's disease: a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2257-2279. [PMID: 37058185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health. Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas; however, little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%, which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease. Recently, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural, immune, and metabolic pathways, providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota. The Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral, genetic, systemic, and brain factors. Thus, considering the multiple etiologies of AD, nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development. However, mechanistically, the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain; therefore, optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders, AD patient and caregiver burden, and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD. We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mengfan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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11
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Dimou E, Katsinelos T, Meisl G, Tuck BJ, Keeling S, Smith AE, Hidari E, Lam JYL, Burke M, Lövestam S, Ranasinghe RT, McEwan WA, Klenerman D. Super-resolution imaging unveils the self-replication of tau aggregates upon seeding. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112725. [PMID: 37393617 PMCID: PMC7614924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a soluble protein interacting with tubulin to stabilize microtubules. However, under pathological conditions, it becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregates, a process that can be induced by treating cells with exogenously added tau fibrils. Here, we employ single-molecule localization microscopy to resolve the aggregate species formed in early stages of seeded tau aggregation. We report that entry of sufficient tau assemblies into the cytosol induces the self-replication of small tau aggregates, with a doubling time of 5 h inside HEK cells and 1 day in murine primary neurons, which then grow into fibrils. Seeding occurs in the vicinity of the microtubule cytoskeleton, is accelerated by the proteasome, and results in release of small assemblies into the media. In the absence of seeding, cells still spontaneously form small aggregates at lower levels. Overall, our work provides a quantitative picture of the early stages of templated seeded tau aggregation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK.
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Benjamin J Tuck
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sophie Keeling
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Annabel E Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Eric Hidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Jeff Y L Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Melanie Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sofia Lövestam
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rohan T Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - William A McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK.
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12
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Abstract
All mammalian cell membranes contain cholesterol to maintain membrane integrity. The transport of this hydrophobic lipid is mediated by lipoproteins. Cholesterol is especially enriched in the brain, particularly in synaptic and myelin membranes. Aging involves changes in sterol metabolism in peripheral organs and also in the brain. Some of those alterations have the potential to promote or to counteract the development of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of general principles of sterol metabolism in humans and mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. We discuss changes in sterol metabolism that occur in the aged brain and highlight recent developments in cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism in the fast-growing research field of aging and age-related diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease. We propose that cell type-specific cholesterol handling and the interplay between cell types critically influence age-related disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany;
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13
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Rodríguez-Silvestre P, Laub M, Krawczyk PA, Davies AK, Schessner JP, Parveen R, Tuck BJ, McEwan WA, Borner GH, Kozik P. Perforin-2 is a pore-forming effector of endocytic escape in cross-presenting dendritic cells. Science 2023; 380:1258-1265. [PMID: 37347855 PMCID: PMC7614779 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
During initiation of antiviral and antitumor T cell-mediated immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) cross-present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Cross-presentation relies on the unusual "leakiness" of endocytic compartments in DCs, whereby internalized proteins escape into the cytosol for proteasome-mediated generation of MHC I-binding peptides. Given that type 1 conventional DCs excel at cross-presentation, we searched for cell type-specific effectors of endocytic escape. We devised an assay suitable for genetic screening and identified a pore-forming protein, perforin-2 (Mpeg1), as a dedicated effector exclusive to cross-presenting cells. Perforin-2 was recruited to antigen-containing compartments, where it underwent maturation, releasing its pore-forming domain. Mpeg1-/- mice failed to efficiently prime CD8+ T cells to cell-associated antigens, revealing an important role for perforin-2 in cytosolic entry of antigens during cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Laub
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alexandra K. Davies
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
- Current: School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia P. Schessner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin J. Tuck
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Cambridge, UK
| | - William A. McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Cambridge, UK
| | - Georg H.H. Borner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried, Germany
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14
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Lopez DM, Maltby CJ, Warming H, Divecha N, Vargas-Caballero M, Coldwell MJ, Deinhardt K. A luminescence-based reporter to study tau secretion reveals overlapping mechanisms for the release of healthy and pathological tau. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196007. [PMID: 37342467 PMCID: PMC10277490 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, tau pathology is thought to spread via a prion-like manner along connected neuronal networks. For this to occur, the usually cytosolic tau protein must be secreted via an unconventional mechanism prior to uptake into the connected neuron. While secretion of healthy and pathological tau has been documented, it remains under-investigated whether this occurs via overlapping or distinct processes. Here, we established a sensitive bioluminescence-based assay to assess mechanisms underlying the secretion of pseudohyperphosphorylated and wild-type tau in cultured murine hippocampal neurons. We found that under basal conditions, both wild-type and mutant tau are secreted, with mutant tau being more robustly secreted. Pharmacological stimulation of neuronal activity led to a modest increase of wild-type and mutant tau secretion, whereas inhibition of activity had no effect. Interestingly, inhibition of heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis drastically decreased secretion of both wild-type and mutant tau without affecting cell viability. This shows that native and pathological tau share release mechanisms; both activity-dependent and non-activity-dependent secretion of tau is facilitated by HSPGs.
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15
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Mukadam AS, Miller LVC, Smith AE, Vaysburd M, Sakya SA, Sanford S, Keeling S, Tuck BJ, Katsinelos T, Green C, Skov L, Kaalund SS, Foss S, Mayes K, O’Connell K, Wing M, Knox C, Banbury J, Avezov E, Rowe JB, Goedert M, Andersen JT, James LC, McEwan WA. Cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 is required for effective tau immunotherapy in mouse models. Science 2023; 379:1336-1341. [PMID: 36996217 PMCID: PMC7614512 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates of the protein tau are proposed to drive pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Tau can be targeted by using passively transferred antibodies (Abs), but the mechanisms of Ab protection are incompletely understood. In this work, we used a variety of cell and animal model systems and showed that the cytosolic Ab receptor and E3 ligase TRIM21 (T21) could play a role in Ab protection against tau pathology. Tau-Ab complexes were internalized to the cytosol of neurons, which enabled T21 engagement and protection against seeded aggregation. Ab-mediated protection against tau pathology was lost in mice that lacked T21. Thus, the cytosolic compartment provides a site of immunotherapeutic protection, which may help in the design of Ab-based therapies in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir S Mukadam
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Lauren VC Miller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Annabel E Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Marina Vaysburd
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Siri A Sakya
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Sanford
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Sophie Keeling
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Benjamin J Tuck
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Taxiarchis Katsinelos
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Chris Green
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Lise Skov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Sanne S Kaalund
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Keith Mayes
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kevin O’Connell
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mark Wing
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Claire Knox
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jessica Banbury
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - William A McEwan
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AH
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16
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Hosseini-Gerami L, Ficulle E, Humphryes-Kirilov N, Airey DC, Scherschel J, Kananathan S, Eastwood BJ, Bose S, Collier DA, Laing E, Evans D, Broughton H, Bender A. Mechanism of action deconvolution of the small-molecule pathological tau aggregation inhibitor Anle138b. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 36918909 PMCID: PMC10012450 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau in neurons. Anle138b is a small molecule which has previously shown efficacy in mice in reducing tau aggregates and rescuing AD disease phenotypes. METHODS In this work, we employed bioinformatics analysis-including pathway enrichment and causal reasoning-of an in vitro tauopathy model. The model consisted of cultured rat cortical neurons either unseeded or seeded with tau aggregates derived from human AD patients, both of which were treated with Anle138b to generate hypotheses for its mode of action. In parallel, we used a collection of human target prediction models to predict direct targets of Anle138b based on its chemical structure. RESULTS Combining the different approaches, we found evidence supporting the hypothesis that the action of Anle138b involves several processes which are key to AD progression, including cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation. On the pathway level, we found significantly enriched pathways related to these two processes including those entitled "Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis" and "Granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis". With causal reasoning, we inferred differential activity of SREBF1/2 (involved in cholesterol regulation) and mediators of the inflammatory response such as NFKB1 and RELA. Notably, our findings were also observed in Anle138b-treated unseeded neurons, meaning that the inferred processes are independent of tau pathology and thus represent the direct action of the compound in the cellular system. Through structure-based ligand-target prediction, we predicted the intracellular cholesterol carrier NPC1 as well as NF-κB subunits as potential targets of Anle138b, with structurally similar compounds in the model training set known to target the same proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study has generated feasible hypotheses for the potential mechanism of action of Anle138b, which will enable the development of future molecular interventions aiming to reduce tau pathology in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- AbsoluteAi Ltd, London, UK
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Zifo RnD Solutions, London, UK
| | | | - David C Airey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Corporate Centre, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Eastwood
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company (Retired), Bracknell, UK
| | - Suchira Bose
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
| | - David A Collier
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, IoPPN, Kings's College London and Genetic and Genomic Consulting Ltd, Farnham, UK
| | - Emma Laing
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - David Evans
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- DeepMind, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Ando K, Nagaraj S, Küçükali F, de Fisenne MA, Kosa AC, Doeraene E, Lopez Gutierrez L, Brion JP, Leroy K. PICALM and Alzheimer's Disease: An Update and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:3994. [PMID: 36552756 PMCID: PMC9776874 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin-assembly protein) gene as the most significant genetic susceptibility locus after APOE and BIN1. PICALM is a clathrin-adaptor protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy. Since the effects of genetic variants of PICALM as AD-susceptibility loci have been confirmed by independent genetic studies in several distinct cohorts, there has been a number of in vitro and in vivo studies attempting to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which PICALM modulates AD risk. While differential modulation of APP processing and Aβ transcytosis by PICALM has been reported, significant effects of PICALM modulation of tau pathology progression have also been evidenced in Alzheimer's disease models. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about PICALM, its physiological functions, genetic variants, post-translational modifications and relevance to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Ange de Fisenne
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreea-Claudia Kosa
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Doeraene
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lidia Lopez Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Edavettal S, Cejudo-Martin P, Dasgupta B, Yang D, Buschman MD, Domingo D, Van Kolen K, Jaiprasat P, Gordon R, Schutsky K, Geist B, Taylor N, Soubrane CH, Van Der Helm E, LaCombe A, Ainekulu Z, Lacy E, Aligo J, Ho J, He Y, Lebowitz PF, Patterson JT, Scheer JM, Singh S. Enhanced delivery of antibodies across the blood-brain barrier via TEMs with inherent receptor-mediated phagocytosis. MED 2022; 3:860-882.e15. [PMID: 36257298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The near impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the unique neuroimmune environment of the CNS prevents the effective use of antibodies in neurological diseases. Delivery of biotherapeutics to the brain can be enabled through receptor-mediated transcytosis via proteins such as the transferrin receptor, although limitations such as the ability to use Fc-mediated effector function to clear pathogenic targets can introduce safety liabilities. Hence, novel delivery approaches with alternative clearance mechanisms are warranted. METHODS Binders that optimized transport across the BBB, known as transcytosis-enabling modules (TEMs), were identified using a combination of antibody discovery techniques and pharmacokinetic analyses. Functional activity of TEMs were subsequently evaluated by imaging for the ability of myeloid cells to phagocytose target proteins and cells. FINDINGS We demonstrated significantly enhanced brain exposure of therapeutic antibodies using optimal transferrin receptor or CD98 TEMs. We found that these modules also mediated efficient clearance of tau aggregates and HER2+ tumor cells via a non-classical phagocytosis mechanism through direct engagement of myeloid cells. This mode of clearance potentially avoids the known drawbacks of FcγR-mediated antibody mechanisms in the brain such as the neurotoxic release of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a new brain delivery platform that harnesses receptor-mediated transcytosis to maximize brain uptake and uses a non-classical phagocytosis mechanism to efficiently clear pathologic proteins and cells. We believe these findings will transform therapeutic approaches to treat CNS diseases. FUNDING This research was funded by Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danlin Yang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Gordon
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Keith Schutsky
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Brian Geist
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Ann LaCombe
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Eilyn Lacy
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jason Aligo
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jason Ho
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Yingbo He
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Justin M Scheer
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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20
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Glasauer SMK, Goderie SK, Rauch JN, Guzman E, Audouard M, Bertucci T, Joy S, Rommelfanger E, Luna G, Keane-Rivera E, Lotz S, Borden S, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Temple S, Kosik KS. Human tau mutations in cerebral organoids induce a progressive dyshomeostasis of cholesterol. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2127-2140. [PMID: 35985329 PMCID: PMC9481908 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MAPT gene that encodes tau lead to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with pathology evident in both cerebral neurons and glia. Human cerebral organoids (hCOs) from individuals harboring pathogenic tau mutations can reveal the earliest downstream effects on molecular pathways within a developmental context, generating interacting neurons and glia. We found that in hCOs carrying the V337M and R406W tau mutations, the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in astrocytes was the top upregulated gene set compared with isogenic controls by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The 15 upregulated genes included HMGCR, ACAT2, STARD4, LDLR, and SREBF2. This result was confirmed in a homozygous R406W mutant cell line by immunostaining and sterol measurements. Cholesterol abundance in the brain is tightly regulated by efflux and cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme levels in astrocytes, and dysregulation can cause aberrant phosphorylation of tau. Our findings suggest that cholesterol dyshomeostasis is an early event in the etiology of neurodegeneration caused by tau mutations. Cerebral organoid models of tauopathy caused by MAPT mutations Upregulated cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis genes in MAPT mutant astrocytes Elevation of cholesterol and its precursors in MAPT mutant cerebral organoids
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M K Glasauer
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Morgane Audouard
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Shona Joy
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Emma Rommelfanger
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erica Keane-Rivera
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Steven Lotz
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Susan Borden
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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21
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Neuronal ApoE Regulates the Cell-to-Cell Transmission of α-Synuclein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158311. [PMID: 35955451 PMCID: PMC9369063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of protein inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs), in the brain is the main feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidence that the prion-like propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn), as a major component of LBs and LNs, plays an important role in the progression of PD has gained much attention, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether neuronal ApoE regulates the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn and explored its molecular mechanism using in vitro and in vivo model systems. We demonstrate that neuronal ApoE deficiency attenuates both α-syn uptake and release by downregulating LRP-1 and LDLR expression and enhancing chaperone-mediated autophagy activity, respectively, thereby contributing to α-syn propagation. In addition, we observed that α-syn propagation was attenuated in ApoE knockout mice injected with pre-formed mouse α-syn fibrils. This study will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying α-syn propagation.
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Fyfe I. Cholesterol is important for tau propagation. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:381. [PMID: 35676369 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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