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Ceballos CC, Ma L, Qin M, Zhong H. Prevalent co-release of glutamate and GABA throughout the mouse brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587069. [PMID: 38585864 PMCID: PMC10996720 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Several neuronal populations in the brain transmit both the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate, and GABA, to downstream neurons. However, it remains largely unknown whether these opposing neurotransmitters are co-released onto the same postsynaptic neuron simultaneously or are independently transmitted at different time and locations (called co-transmission). Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording on acute mouse brain slices, we observed biphasic miniature postsynaptic currents, i.e., minis with time-locked excitatory and inhibitory currents, in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). This observation cannot be explained by accidental coincidence of monophasic miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs, respectively), arguing for the co-release of glutamate and GABA. Interestingly, these biphasic minis could either be an mEPSC leading an mIPSC or vice versa. Although dopaminergic axons release both glutamate and GABA in the striatum, deletion of dopamine neurons did not eliminate biphasic minis, indicating that the co-release originates from another neuronal type. Importantly, we found that both types of biphasic minis were detected in other neuronal subtypes in the striatum as well as in nine out of ten additionally tested brain regions. Our results suggest that co-release of glutamate and GABA is a prevalent mode of neurotransmission in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar C Ceballos
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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2
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Patel JC, Sherpa AD, Melani R, Witkovsky P, Wiseman MR, O'Neill B, Aoki C, Tritsch NX, Rice ME. GABA co-released from striatal dopamine axons dampens phasic dopamine release through autoregulatory GABA A receptors. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113834. [PMID: 38431842 PMCID: PMC11089423 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine axons co-release dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), using GABA provided by uptake via GABA transporter-1 (GAT1). Functions of GABA co-release are poorly understood. We asked whether co-released GABA autoinhibits dopamine release via axonal GABA type A receptors (GABAARs), complementing established inhibition by dopamine acting at axonal D2 autoreceptors. We show that dopamine axons express α3-GABAAR subunits in mouse striatum. Enhanced dopamine release evoked by single-pulse optical stimulation in striatal slices with GABAAR antagonism confirms that an endogenous GABA tone limits dopamine release. Strikingly, an additional inhibitory component is seen when multiple pulses are used to mimic phasic axonal activity, revealing the role of GABAAR-mediated autoinhibition of dopamine release. This autoregulation is lost in conditional GAT1-knockout mice lacking GABA co-release. Given the faster kinetics of ionotropic GABAARs than G-protein-coupled D2 autoreceptors, our data reveal a mechanism whereby co-released GABA acts as a first responder to dampen phasic-to-tonic dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ang D Sherpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Riccardo Melani
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul Witkovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Madeline R Wiseman
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian O'Neill
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chiye Aoki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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3
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Zheng H, Zhai T, Lin X, Dong G, Yang Y, Yuan TF. The resting-state brain activity signatures for addictive disorders. MED 2024; 5:201-223.e6. [PMID: 38359839 PMCID: PMC10939772 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder. Despite numerous neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies on individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) or behavioral addiction (BEA), currently a clear neural activity signature for the addicted brain is lacking. METHODS We first performed systemic coordinate-based meta-analysis and partial least-squares regression to identify shared or distinct brain regions across multiple addictive disorders, with abnormal resting-state activity in SUD and BEA based on 46 studies (55 contrasts), including regional homogeneity (ReHo) and low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (ALFF) or fractional ALFF. We then combined Neurosynth, postmortem gene expression, and receptor/transporter distribution data to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these neural activity signatures. FINDINGS The overall comparison between addiction cohorts and healthy subjects indicated significantly increased ReHo and ALFF in the right striatum (putamen) and bilateral supplementary motor area, as well as decreased ReHo and ALFF in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, in the addiction group. On the other hand, neural activity in cingulate cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex differed between SUD and BEA subjects. Using molecular analyses, the altered resting activity recapitulated the spatial distribution of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and acetylcholine system in SUD, while this also includes the serotonergic system in BEA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate both common and distinctive neural substrates underlying SUD and BEA, which validates and supports targeted neuromodulation against addiction. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianye Zhai
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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4
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Conrad WS, Oriol L, Faget L, Hnasko TS. Proportion and distribution of neurotransmitter-defined cell types in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582356. [PMID: 38464250 PMCID: PMC10925288 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Most studies on the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) have focused on dopamine neurons and their role in processes such as motivation, learning, movement, and associated disorders. However there has been increasing attention on other VTA and SNc cell types that release GABA, glutamate, or a combination of these neurotransmitters. Yet the relative distributions and proportions of neurotransmitter-defined cell types across VTA and SNc has remained unclear. Here, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization in male and female mice to label VTA and SNc neurons that expressed mRNA encoding the canonical vesicular transporters for dopamine, GABA, or glutamate: vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2, vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2). Within VTA, we found that no one type was particularly more abundant, instead we observed similar numbers of VMAT2+ (44%), VGAT+ (37%) and VGLUT2+ (41%) neurons. In SNc we found that a slight majority of neurons expressed VMAT2 (54%), fewer were VGAT+ (42%), and VGLUT2+ neurons were least abundant (16%). Moreover, 20% of VTA neurons and 10% of SNc neurons expressed more than one vesicular transporter, including 45% of VGLUT2 neurons. We also assessed within VTA and SNc subregions and found remarkable heterogeneity in cell-type composition. And by quantifying density across both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes we generated heatmaps to visualize the distribution of each cell type. Our data complement recent single-cell RNAseq studies and support a more diverse landscape of neurotransmitter-defined cell types in VTA and SNc than is typically appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiiliam S Conrad
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Lucie Oriol
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Lauren Faget
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase MD 20815, USA
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5
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Clifford RE, Maihofer AX, Chatzinakos C, Coleman JRI, Daskalakis NP, Gasperi M, Hogan K, Mikita EA, Stein MB, Tcheandjieu C, Telese F, Zuo Y, Ryan AF, Nievergelt CM. Genetic architecture distinguishes tinnitus from hearing loss. Nat Commun 2024; 15:614. [PMID: 38242899 PMCID: PMC10799010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a heritable, highly prevalent auditory disorder treated by multiple medical specialties. Previous GWAS indicated high genetic correlations between tinnitus and hearing loss, with little indication of differentiating signals. We present a GWAS meta-analysis, triple previous sample sizes, and expand to non-European ancestries. GWAS in 596,905 Million Veteran Program subjects identified 39 tinnitus loci, and identified genes related to neuronal synapses and cochlear structural support. Applying state-of-the-art analytic tools, we confirm a large number of shared variants, but also a distinct genetic architecture of tinnitus, with higher polygenicity and large proportion of variants not shared with hearing difficulty. Tissue-expression analysis for tinnitus infers broad enrichment across most brain tissues, in contrast to hearing difficulty. Finally, tinnitus is not only correlated with hearing loss, but also with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders, providing potential new avenues for treatment. This study establishes tinnitus as a distinct disorder separate from hearing difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce E Clifford
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
- University of California San Diego, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Center of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- King's College London, NIHR Maudsley BRC, London, UK
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Center of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Marianna Gasperi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelleigh Hogan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mikita
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, School of Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Telese
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanning Zuo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Fudge JL, Kelly EA, Love TM. Amygdalo-nigral inputs target dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the primate: a view from dendrites and soma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575910. [PMID: 38293165 PMCID: PMC10827221 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The central nucleus (CeN) of the amygdala is an important afferent to the DA system that mediates motivated learning. We previously found that CeN terminals in nonhuman primates primarily overlap the elongated lateral VTA (parabrachial pigmented nucleus, PBP, A10), and retrorubral field(A8) subregion. Here, we examined CeN afferent contacts on cell somata and proximal dendrites of DA and GABA neurons, and distal dendrites of each, using confocal and electron microscopy (EM) methods, respectively. At the soma/proximal dendrites, the proportion of TH+ and GAD1+ cells receiving at least one CeN afferent contact was surprisingly similar (TH = 0.55: GAD1=0.55 in PBP; TH = 0.56; GAD1 =0.51 in A8), with the vast majority of contacted TH+ and GAD1+ soma/proximal dendrites received 1-2 contacts. Similar numbers of tracer-labeled terminals also contacted TH-positive and GAD1-positive small dendrites and/or spines (39% of all contacted dendrites were either TH- or GAD1-labeled). Overall, axon terminals had more symmetric (putative inhibitory) axonal contacts with no difference in the relative distribution in the PBP versus A8, or onto TH+ versus GAD1+ dendrites/spines in either region. The striking uniformity in the amygdalonigral projection across the PBP-A8 terminal field suggests that neither neurotransmitter phenotype nor midbrain location dictates likelihood of a terminal contact. We discuss how this afferent uniformity can play out in recently discovered differences in DA:GABA cell densities between the PBP and A8, and affect specific outputs. Significance statement The amygdala's central nucleus (CeN) channels salient cues to influence both appetitive and aversive responses via DA outputs. In higher species, the broad CeN terminal field overlaps the parabrachial pigmented nucleus ('lateral A10') and the retrorubral field (A8). We quantified terminal contacts in each region on DA and GABAergic soma/proximal dendrites and small distal dendrites. There was striking uniformity in contacts on DA and GABAergic cells, regardless of soma and dendritic compartment, in both regions. Most contacts were symmetric (putative inhibitory) with little change in the ratio of inhibitory to excitatory contacts by region.We conclude that post-synaptic shifts in DA-GABA ratios are key to understanding how these relatively uniform inputs can produce diverse effects on outputs.
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7
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Fang LZ, Creed MC. Updating the striatal-pallidal wiring diagram. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:15-27. [PMID: 38057614 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these functions have evolved considerably, and the advent of optogenetic and molecular tools has shed light on the heterogeneity of subcircuits within these pathways. However, a synthesis of how molecularly diverse neurons integrate into existing models of basal ganglia function is lacking. Here, we provide an overview of the neurochemical and molecular diversity of striatal and pallidal neurons and synthesize recent circuit connectivity studies in rodents that takes this diversity into account. We also highlight anatomical organizational principles that distinguish the dorsal and ventral basal ganglia pathways in rodents. Future work integrating the molecular and anatomical properties of striatal and pallidal subpopulations may resolve controversies regarding basal ganglia network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Z Fang
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Barcomb K, Ford CP. Alterations in neurotransmitter co-release in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114562. [PMID: 37802381 PMCID: PMC10842357 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons, which results in numerous adaptations in basal ganglia circuits. Research over the past twenty-five years has identified that midbrain dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) co-release multiple other transmitters including glutamate and GABA, in addition to their canonical transmitter, dopamine. This review summarizes previous work characterizing neurotransmitter co-release from dopamine neurons, work examining potential changes in co-release dynamics that result in animal models of Parkinson's disease, and future opportunities for determining how dysfunction in co-release may contribute to circuit dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Barcomb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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9
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Blaess S, Krabbe S. Cell type specificity for circuit output in the midbrain dopaminergic system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102811. [PMID: 37972537 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are a relatively small group of neurons in the mammalian brain controlling a wide range of behaviors. In recent years, increasingly sophisticated tracing, imaging, transcriptomic, and machine learning approaches have provided substantial insights into the anatomical, molecular, and functional heterogeneity of dopaminergic neurons. Despite this wealth of new knowledge, it remains unclear whether and how the diverse features defining dopaminergic subclasses converge to delineate functional ensembles within the dopaminergic system. Here, we review recent studies investigating various aspects of dopaminergic heterogeneity and discuss how development, behavior, and disease influence subtype characteristics. We then outline what further approaches could be pursued to gain a more inclusive picture of dopaminergic diversity, which could be crucial to understanding the functional architecture of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sabine Krabbe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Kim HJ, Hwang B, Reva M, Lee J, Lee BE, Lee Y, Cho EJ, Jeong M, Lee SE, Myung K, Baik JH, Park JH, Kim JI. GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in the brain. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113239. [PMID: 37819757 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine synapses play a crucial role in volitional movement and reward-related behaviors, while dysfunction of dopamine synapses causes various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Despite this significance, the true biological nature of dopamine synapses remains poorly understood. Here, we show that dopamine transmission is strongly correlated with GABA co-transmission across the brain and dopamine synapses are structured and function like GABAergic synapses with marked regional heterogeneity. In addition, GABAergic-like dopamine synapses are clustered on the dendrites, and GABA transmission at dopamine synapses has distinct physiological properties. Interestingly, the knockdown of neuroligin-2, a key postsynaptic protein at GABAergic synapses, unexpectedly does not weaken GABA co-transmission but instead facilitates it at dopamine synapses in the striatal neurons. More importantly, the attenuation of GABA co-transmission precedes deficits in dopaminergic transmission in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Our findings reveal the spatial and functional nature of GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjae Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Reva
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Synapse and Circuit Dynamics, CNRS UMR, 3571 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, ED3C, Paris, France
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wallace ML, Sabatini BL. Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain. Neuron 2023; 111:2969-2983. [PMID: 37463580 PMCID: PMC10592565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the mammalian brain are not limited to releasing a single neurotransmitter but often release multiple neurotransmitters onto postsynaptic cells. Here, we review recent findings of multitransmitter neurons found throughout the mammalian central nervous system. We highlight recent technological innovations that have made the identification of new multitransmitter neurons and the study of their synaptic properties possible. We also focus on mechanisms and molecular constituents required for neurotransmitter corelease at the axon terminal and synaptic vesicle, as well as some possible functions of multitransmitter neurons in diverse brain circuits. We expect that these approaches will lead to new insights into the mechanism and function of multitransmitter neurons, their role in circuits, and their contribution to normal and pathological brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Wallace
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Hosseinzadeh Sahafi O, Sardari M, Alijanpour S, Rezayof A. Shared Mechanisms of GABAergic and Opioidergic Transmission Regulate Corticolimbic Reward Systems and Cognitive Aspects of Motivational Behaviors. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050815. [PMID: 37239287 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional interplay between the corticolimbic GABAergic and opioidergic systems plays a crucial role in regulating the reward system and cognitive aspects of motivational behaviors leading to the development of addictive behaviors and disorders. This review provides a summary of the shared mechanisms of GABAergic and opioidergic transmission, which modulate the activity of dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the central hub of the reward mechanisms. This review comprehensively covers the neuroanatomical and neurobiological aspects of corticolimbic inhibitory neurons that express opioid receptors, which act as modulators of corticolimbic GABAergic transmission. The presence of opioid and GABA receptors on the same neurons allows for the modulation of the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, which plays a key role in the reward mechanisms of the brain. This colocalization of receptors and their immunochemical markers can provide a comprehensive understanding for clinicians and researchers, revealing the neuronal circuits that contribute to the reward system. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of GABAergic transmission-induced neuroplasticity under the modulation of opioid receptors. It discusses their interactive role in reinforcement learning, network oscillation, aversive behaviors, and local feedback or feedforward inhibitions in reward mechanisms. Understanding the shared mechanisms of these systems may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for addiction, reward-related disorders, and drug-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oveis Hosseinzadeh Sahafi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maryam Sardari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous 4971799151, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6465, Iran
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Kershberg L, Banerjee A, Kaeser PS. Protein composition of axonal dopamine release sites in the striatum. eLife 2022; 11:e83018. [PMID: 36579890 PMCID: PMC9937654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important modulator of cognition and movement. We recently found that evoked dopamine secretion is fast and relies on active zone-like release sites. Here, we used in vivo biotin identification (iBioID) proximity proteomics in mouse striatum to assess which proteins are present at these sites. Using three release site baits, we identified proteins that are enriched over the general dopamine axonal protein content, and they fell into several categories, including active zone, Ca2+ regulatory, and synaptic vesicle proteins. We also detected many proteins not previously associated with vesicular exocytosis. Knockout of the presynaptic organizer protein RIM strongly decreased the hit number obtained with iBioID, while Synaptotagmin-1 knockout did not. α-Synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson's disease, was enriched at release sites, and its enrichment was lost in both tested mutants. We conclude that RIM organizes scaffolded dopamine release sites and provide a proteomic assessment of the composition of these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kershberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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