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Yu H, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Liu W, Liu P, Liu K, Sun J, Liang H, Zhang P, Wang X, Liu X, Xu X. Influenza A virus infection activates caspase-8 to enhance innate antiviral immunity by cleaving CYLD and blocking TAK1 and RIG-I deubiquitination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:355. [PMID: 39158695 PMCID: PMC11335283 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Caspase-8, an aspartate-specific cysteine protease that primarily functions as an initiator caspase to induce apoptosis, can downregulate innate immunity in part by cleaving RIPK1 and IRF3. However, patients with caspase-8 mutations or deficiency develop immunodeficiency and are prone to viral infections. The molecular mechanism underlying this controversy remains unknown. Whether caspase-8 enhances or suppresses antiviral responses against influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains to be determined. Here, we report that caspase-8 is readily activated in A549 and NL20 cells infected with the H5N1, H5N6, and H1N1 subtypes of IAV. Surprisingly, caspase-8 deficiency and two caspase-8 inhibitors, Z-VAD and Z-IETD, do not enhance but rather downregulate antiviral innate immunity, as evidenced by decreased TBK1, IRF3, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation, decreased IL-6, IFN-β, MX1, and ISG15 gene expression; and decreased IFN-β production but increased virus replication. Mechanistically, caspase-8 cleaves and inactivates CYLD, a tumor suppressor that functions as a deubiquitinase. Caspase-8 inhibition suppresses CYLD cleavage, RIG-I and TAK1 ubiquitination, and innate immune signaling. In contrast, CYLD deficiency enhances IAV-induced RIG-I and TAK1 ubiquitination and innate antiviral immunity. Neither caspase-3 deficiency nor treatment with its inhibitor Z-DEVD affects CYLD cleavage or antiviral innate immunity. Our study provides evidence that caspase-8 activation in two human airway epithelial cell lines does not silence but rather enhances innate immunity by inactivating CYLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Penggang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hailiang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Tweedell RE, Hibler T, Kanneganti TD. Defining PANoptosis: Biochemical and Mechanistic Evaluation of Innate Immune Cell Death Activation. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1112. [PMID: 39073015 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense. Innate immune activation utilizes pattern recognition receptors to detect pathogens, pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), and homeostatic alterations and drives inflammatory signaling pathways and regulated cell death. Cell death activation is critical to eliminate pathogens and aberrant or damaged cells, while excess activation can be linked to inflammation, tissue damage, and disease. Therefore, there is increasing interest in studying cell death mechanisms to understand the underlying biology and identify therapeutic strategies. However, there are significant technical challenges, as many cell death pathways share key molecules with each other, and genetic models where these cell death molecules are deleted remain the gold standard for evaluation. Furthermore, extensive crosstalk has been identified between the cell death pathways pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and the more recently characterized PANoptosis, which is defined as a prominent, unique innate immune, lytic, and inflammatory cell death pathway initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and RIPKs through PANoptosomes. PANoptosomes are multi-protein complexes assembled by innate immune sensor(s) in response to pathogens, PAMPs, DAMPs, cytokines, and homeostatic changes that drive PANoptosis. In this article, we provide methods for molecularly defining distinct cell death pathways, including PANoptosis, using both genetic and chemical approaches through western blot, LDH assay, and microscopy readouts. This procedure allows for the assessment of cell death on the cell population and single-cell levels even without access to genetic models. Having this comprehensive workflow that is more accessible to all labs will improve our ability as a scientific community to accelerate discovery. Using these protocols will help identify new innate immune sensors that drive PANoptosis and define the molecular mechanisms and regulators involved to establish new targets for clinical translation. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Induction and quantification of cell death using live cell imaging Alternate Protocol 1: Quantification of cell death using LDH Alternate Protocol 2: Assessment of cell death complexes in single cells using immunofluorescence staining Basic Protocol 2: Analysis of cell death mechanisms by immunoblots (western blots).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Tweedell
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taylor Hibler
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Liu S, Joshi K, Zhang L, Li W, Mack R, Runde A, Hagen PA, Barton K, Breslin P, Ji HL, Kini AR, Wang Z, Zhang J. Caspase 8 deletion causes infection/inflammation-induced bone marrow failure and MDS-like disease in mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:278. [PMID: 38637559 PMCID: PMC11026525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of pre-leukemic hematopoietic disorders characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood due to ineffective hematopoiesis and normo- or hypercellularity and morphologic dysplasia in bone marrow (BM). An inflammatory BM microenvironment and programmed cell death of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are thought to be the major causes of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS. Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis (collectively, PANoptosis) are observed in BM tissues of MDS patients, suggesting an important role of PANoptosis in MDS pathogenesis. Caspase 8 (Casp8) is a master regulator of PANoptosis, which is downregulated in HSPCs from most MDS patients and abnormally spliced in HSPCs from MDS patients with SRSF2 mutation. To study the role of PANoptosis in hematopoiesis, we generated inducible Casp8 knockout mice (Casp8-/-). Mx1-Cre-Casp8-/- mice died of BM failure within 10 days of polyI:C injections due to depletion of HSPCs. Rosa-ERT2Cre-Casp8-/- mice are healthy without significant changes in BM hematopoiesis within the first 1.5 months after Casp8 deletion. Such mice developed BM failure upon infection or low dose polyI:C/LPS injections due to the hypersensitivity of Casp8-/- HSPCs to infection or inflammation-induced necroptosis which can be prevented by Ripk3 deletion. However, impaired self-renewal capacity of Casp8-/- HSPCs cannot be rescued by Ripk3 deletion due to activation of Ripk1-Tbk1 signaling. Most importantly, mice transplanted with Casp8-/- BM cells developed MDS-like disease within 4 months of transplantation as demonstrated by anemia, thrombocytopenia and myelodysplasia. Our study suggests an essential role for a balance in Casp8, Ripk3-Mlkl and Ripk1-Tbk1 activities in the regulation of survival and self-renewal of HSPCs, the disruption of which induces inflammation and BM failure, resulting in MDS-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Liu
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Kanak Joshi
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Ryan Mack
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Austin Runde
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Patrick A Hagen
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kevin Barton
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Departments of Biology and Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ameet R Kini
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Abstract
Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are genetically programmed cell death mechanisms that eliminate obsolete, damaged, infected, and self-reactive cells. Apoptosis fragments cells in a manner that limits immune cell activation, whereas the lytic death programs of necroptosis and pyroptosis release proinflammatory intracellular contents. Apoptosis fine-tunes tissue architecture during mammalian development, promotes tissue homeostasis, and is crucial for averting cancer and autoimmunity. All three cell death mechanisms are deployed to thwart the spread of pathogens. Disabling regulators of cell death signaling in mice has revealed how excessive cell death can fuel acute or chronic inflammation. Here we review strategies for modulating cell death in the context of disease. For example, BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, an inducer of apoptosis, is approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. By contrast, inhibition of RIPK1, NLRP3, GSDMD, or NINJ1 to limit proinflammatory cell death and/or the release of large proinflammatory molecules from dying cells may benefit patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Pathology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
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Sun X, Yang Y, Meng X, Li J, Liu X, Liu H. PANoptosis: Mechanisms, biology, and role in disease. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:246-262. [PMID: 37823450 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be executed through distinct subroutines. PANoptosis is a unique inflammatory cell death modality involving the interactions between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which can be mediated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes assembled via integrating components from other cell death modalities. There is growing interest in the process and function of PANoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that PANoptosis occurs under diverse stimuli, for example, viral or bacterial infection, cytokine storm, and cancer. Given the impact of PANoptosis across the disease spectrum, this review briefly describes the relationships between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, highlights the key molecules in PANoptosome formation and PANoptosis activation, and outlines the multifaceted roles of PANoptosis in diseases together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. We also discuss important concepts and pressing issues for future PANoptosis research. Improved understanding of PANoptosis and its mechanisms is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- Cardiac Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Meng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Ji L, Li T, Chen H, Yang Y, Lu E, Liu J, Qiao W, Chen H. The crucial regulatory role of type I interferon in inflammatory diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:230. [PMID: 38124132 PMCID: PMC10734085 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and it is associated with various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and periodontitis, impacting people's health and quality of life. It is well-established that IFN-Is affect immune responses and inflammatory factors by regulating some signaling. However, currently, there is no comprehensive overview of the crucial regulatory role of IFN-I in distinctive pathways as well as associated inflammatory diseases. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of IFN-I in different signaling pathways, mainly mediating the related key factors with specific targets in the pathways and signaling cascades to influence the progression of inflammatory diseases. As such, we suggested that IFN-Is induce inflammatory regulation through the stimulation of certain factors in signaling pathways, which displays possible efficient treatment methods and provides a reference for the precise control of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianle Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Level 3, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Level 3, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Reiss BT, Bouza L, Thomas S, Suarez CD, Hill ER, Nichols DB. The MC160 protein of the molluscum contagiosum virus dampens cGAS/STING-induced interferon-β activation. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104876. [PMID: 37890651 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a poxvirus that causes benign, persistent skin lesions. MCV encodes a variety of immune evasion molecules to dampen host immune responses. Two of these proteins are the MC159 and MC160 proteins. Both MC159 and MC160 contain two tandem death effector domains and share homology to the cellular FLIPs, FADD, and procaspase-8. MC159 and MC160 dampen several innate immune responses such as NF-κB activation and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-mediated induction of type 1 interferon (IFN). The type 1 IFN response is also activated by the cytosolic DNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Both cGAS and STING play a vital role in sensing a poxvirus infection. In this study, we demonstrate that there are nuanced differences between both MC160 and MC159 in terms of how the viral proteins modulate the cGAS/STING and MAVS pathways. Specifically, MC160 expression, but not MC159 expression, dampens cGAS/STING-mediated induction of IFN in HEK 293 T cells. Further, MC160 expression prevented the K63-ubiquitination of both STING and TBK1, a kinase downstream of cGAS/STING. Ectopic expression of the MC160 protein, but not the MC159 protein, resulted in a measurable decrease in the TBK1 protein levels as detected via immunoblotting. Finally, using a panel of MC160 truncation mutants, we report that the MC160 protein requires both DEDs to inhibit cGAS/STING-induced activation of IFN-β. Our model indicates MC160 likely alters the TBK1 signaling complex to decrease IFN-β activation at the molecular intersection of the cGAS/STING and MAVS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Lissette Bouza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Swagath Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Catherine D Suarez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Erik R Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
| | - Daniel Brian Nichols
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
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Oh S, Lee J, Oh J, Yu G, Ryu H, Kim D, Lee S. Integrated NLRP3, AIM2, NLRC4, Pyrin inflammasome activation and assembly drive PANoptosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1513-1526. [PMID: 38008850 PMCID: PMC10687226 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are important sentinels of innate immune defense; they sense pathogens and induce the cell death of infected cells, playing key roles in inflammation, development, and cancer. Several inflammasome sensors detect and respond to specific pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively) by forming a multiprotein complex with the adapters ASC and caspase-1. During disease, cells are exposed to several PAMPs and DAMPs, leading to the concerted activation of multiple inflammasomes. However, the molecular mechanisms that integrate multiple inflammasome sensors to facilitate optimal host defense remain unknown. Here, we discovered that simultaneous inflammasome activation by multiple ligands triggered multiple types of programmed inflammatory cell death, and these effects could not be mimicked by treatment with a pure ligand of any single inflammasome. Furthermore, NLRP3, AIM2, NLRC4, and Pyrin were determined to be members of a large multiprotein complex, along with ASC, caspase-1, caspase-8, and RIPK3, and this complex drove PANoptosis. Furthermore, this multiprotein complex was released into the extracellular space and retained as multiple inflammasomes. Multiple extracellular inflammasome particles could induce inflammation after their engulfment by neighboring macrophages. Collectively, our findings define a previously unknown regulatory connection and molecular interaction between inflammasome sensors, which drives the assembly of a multiprotein complex that includes multiple inflammasome sensors and cell death regulators. The discovery of critical interactions among NLRP3, AIM2, NLRC4, and Pyrin represents a new paradigm in understanding the functions of these molecules in innate immunity and inflammasome biology as well as identifying new therapeutic targets for NLRP3-, AIM2-, NLRC4- and Pyrin-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuHyeon Oh
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Oh
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoengju Yu
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesun Ryu
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - SangJoon Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang C, Xia J, Liu X, Li Z, Gao T, Zhou T, Hu K. Identifying prognostic genes related PANoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma and developing prediction model based on bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17956. [PMID: 37864090 PMCID: PMC10589340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death-related genes indicate prognosis in cancer patients. PANoptosis is a newly observed form of cell death that researchers have linked to cancer cell death and antitumor immunity. Even so, its significance in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) has yet to be elucidated. We extracted and analyzed data on mRNA gene expression and clinical information from public databases in a systematic manner. These data were utilized to construct a reliable risk prediction model for six regulators of PANoptosis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database validated six genes with risk characteristics. The prognosis of LUAD patients could be accurately estimated by the six-gene-based model: NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD), Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein (TRADD), Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), Proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2), and Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Group of higher risk and Cluster 2 indicated a poor prognosis as well as the reduced expression of immune infiltrate molecules and human leukocyte antigen. Distinct expression of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) in lung cancer cells was verified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between PRGs and somatic mutations, tumor immune dysfunction exclusion, tumor stemness indices, and immune infiltration. Using the risk signature, we conducted analyses including nomogram construction, stratification, prediction of small-molecule drug response, somatic mutations, and chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zexing Li
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangke Gao
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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