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Zhu K, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhang X, You G, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhao L, Zhou H, Chen G. Nanomaterial-related hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, with emphasis on liposome and nano-capsules, for biomedical applications: current status and future perspectives. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:336. [PMID: 38880905 PMCID: PMC11180412 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is necessary for life and plays a key pivotal in maintaining normal physiological functions and treat of diseases. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been studied and developed as a replacement for red blood cells (RBCs) in oxygen transport due to their similar oxygen-carrying capacities. However, applications of HBOCs are hindered by vasoactivity, oxidative toxicity, and a relatively short circulatory half-life. With advancements in nanotechnology, Hb encapsulation, absorption, bioconjugation, entrapment, and attachment to nanomaterials have been used to prepare nanomaterial-related HBOCs to address these challenges and pend their application in several biomedical and therapeutic contexts. This review focuses on the progress of this class of nanomaterial-related HBOCs in the fields of hemorrhagic shock, ischemic stroke, cancer, and wound healing, and speculates on future research directions. The advancements in nanomaterial-related HBOCs are expected to lead significant breakthroughs in blood substitutes, enabling their widespread use in the treatment of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Morphology Laboratory, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guoxing You
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Gan Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Li J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Feng L, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Chang X. Effects of environmentally relevant concentration of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on BV2 microglia activation and lipid metabolism, implicating altered neurogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118602. [PMID: 38431072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), a class of persistent organic pollutants, have been found to cause diverse organ and systemic toxicity. However, little is known about their neurotoxic effects. In this study, we exposed BV2, a mouse microglia cell line, to environmentally relevant concentration of SCCPs (1 μg/L, 10 μg/L, 100 μg/L) for 24 h to investigate their impacts on the nervous system. Our observations revealed that SCCPs induced the activation of BV2 microglia, as indicated by altered morphology, stimulated cell proliferation, enhanced phagocytic and migratory capabilities. Analysis at the mRNA level confirmed the activation status, with the downregulation of TMEM119 and Tgfbr1, and upregulation of Iba1 and CD11b. The upregulated expression of genes such as cenpe, mki67, Axl, APOE and LPL also validated alterations in cell functions. Moreover, BV2 microglia presented an M2 alternative phenotype upon SCCPs exposure, substantiated by the reduction of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the elevation of TGF-β. Additionally, SCCPs caused lipid metabolic changes in BV2 microglia, characterized by the upregulations of long-chain fatty acids and acylcarnitines, reflecting an enhancement of β-oxidation. This aligns with our findings of increased ATP production upon SCCPs exposure. Intriguingly, cell activation coincided with elevated levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, activated microglial medium remarkably altered the proliferation and differentiation of mouse neural stem cells. Collectively, exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of SCCPs resulted in activation and lipid metabolic alterations in BV2 microglia, potentially impacting neurogenesis. These findings provide valuable insights for further research on the neurotoxic effect of SCCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Longfei Feng
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Nowaczewska-Kuchta A, Ksiazek-Winiarek D, Szpakowski P, Glabinski A. The Role of Neutrophils in Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2024; 14:423. [PMID: 38790402 PMCID: PMC11118671 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in numerous central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Its role is ambiguous-it can induce detrimental effects, as well as repair and recovery. In response to injury or infection, resident CNS cells secrete numerous factors that alter blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and recruit immune cells into the brain, like neutrophils. Their role in the pathophysiology of CNS diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke, is highly recognized. Neutrophils alter BBB permeability and attract other immune cells into the CNS. Previously, neutrophils were considered a homogenous population. Nowadays, it is known that various subtypes of these cells exist, which reveal proinflammatory or immunosuppressive functions. The primary goal of this review was to discuss the current knowledge regarding the important role of neutrophils in MS and stroke development and progression. As the pathogenesis of these two disorders is completely different, it gives the opportunity to get insight into diverse mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in brain pathology. Our understanding of the role of neutrophils in CNS diseases is still evolving as new aspects of their activity are being unraveled. Neutrophil plasticity adds another level to their functional complexity and their importance for CNS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (A.N.-K.); (D.K.-W.); (P.S.)
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Mehta SL, Arruri V, Vemuganti R. Role of transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, epitranscriptomics, and epigenetics in post-ischemic neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2024:10.1111/jnc.16055. [PMID: 38279529 PMCID: PMC11272908 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroinflammation is pivotal in brain repair, yet persistent inflammation can aggravate ischemic brain damage and hamper recovery. Following stroke, specific molecules released from brain cells attract and activate central and peripheral immune cells. These immune cells subsequently release diverse inflammatory molecules within the ischemic brain, initiating a sequence of events, including activation of transcription factors in different brain cell types that modulate gene expression and influence outcomes; the interactive action of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to regulate multiple biological processes including inflammation, epitranscriptomic RNA modification that controls RNA processing, stability, and translation; and epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications crucial in managing the genic response to stroke. Interactions among these events further affect post-stroke inflammation and shape the depth of ischemic brain damage and functional outcomes. We highlighted these aspects of neuroinflammation in this review and postulate that deciphering these mechanisms is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets to alleviate post-stroke dysfunction and enhance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh L. Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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