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Pfitzer J, Pinky PD, Perman S, Redmon E, Cmelak L, Suppiramaniam V, Coric V, Qureshi IA, Gramlich MW, Reed MN. Troriluzole rescues glutamatergic deficits, amyloid and tau pathology, and synaptic and memory impairments in 3xTg-AD mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39214859 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition in which clinical symptoms are highly correlated with the loss of glutamatergic synapses. While later stages of AD are associated with markedly decreased glutamate levels due to neuronal loss, in the early stages, pathological accumulation of glutamate and hyperactivity contribute to AD pathology and cognitive dysfunction. There is increasing awareness that presynaptic dysfunction, particularly synaptic vesicle (SV) alterations, play a key role in mediating this early-stage hyperactivity. In the current study, we sought to determine whether the 3xTg mouse model of AD that exhibits both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau-related pathology would exhibit similar presynaptic changes as previously observed in amyloid or tau models separately. Hippocampal cultures from 3xTg mice were used to determine whether presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporters (VGlut) and glutamate are increased at the synaptic level while controlling for postsynaptic activity. We observed that 3xTg hippocampal cultures exhibited increased VGlut1 associated with an increase in glutamate release, similar to prior observations in cultures from tau mouse models. However, the SV pool size was also increased in 3xTg cultures, an effect not previously observed in tau mouse models but observed in Aβ models, suggesting the changes in pool size may be due to Aβ and not tau. Second, we sought to determine whether treatment with troriluzole, a novel 3rd generation tripeptide prodrug of the glutamate modulator riluzole, could reduce VGlut1 and glutamate release to restore cognitive deficits in 8-month-old 3xTg mice. Treatment with troriluzole reduced VGlut1 expression, decreased basal and evoked glutamate release, and restored cognitive deficits in 3xTg mice. Together, these findings suggest presynaptic alterations are early events in AD that represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and these results support the promise of glutamate-modulating drugs such as troriluzole in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Pfitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Savannah Perman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Emma Redmon
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Luca Cmelak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Vladimir Coric
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Michael W Gramlich
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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2
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L'esperance OJ, McGhee J, Davidson G, Niraula S, Smith AS, Sosunov A, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Functional connectivity favors aberrant visual network c-Fos expression accompanied by cortical synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.05.522900. [PMID: 36712054 PMCID: PMC9881957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, sensory network dysfunction has received comparatively less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in both Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models. We recently found that neurons in the primary visual cortex of an AD mouse model expressing human amyloid protein precursor with the Swedish and Indiana mutations (hAPP mutations) exhibit aberrant c-Fos expression and altered synaptic structures at a pre-amyloid plaque stage. However, it is unclear whether aberrant c-Fos expression and synaptic pathology vary across the broader visual network and to what extent c-Fos abnormality in the cortex is inherited through functional connectivity. Using both sexes of 4-6-month AD model mice with hAPP mutations (J20[PDGF-APPSw, Ind]), we found that cortical regions of the visual network show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation while subcortical regions do not. Interestingly, the average network-wide functional connectivity strength of a brain region in wild type (WT) mice significantly predicts its aberrant c-Fos expression, which in turn correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD model. Using in vivo two-photon and ex vivo imaging of presynaptic termini, we observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory cortical synapses in the visual cortex. Intriguingly, the change in the size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting that synaptic weakening may reflect an adaptation to aberrant activity. Our observations suggest that cellular and synaptic abnormalities in the AD model represent a maladaptive transformation of the baseline physiological state seen in WT conditions rather than entirely novel and unrelated manifestations.
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3
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Liang Z, Zhuang H, Cao X, Ma G, Shen L. Subcellular proteomics insights into Alzheimer's disease development. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024; 18:e2200112. [PMID: 37650321 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common dementias, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and decreased judgment function. The expected number of AD patient is increasing in the context of the world's advancing medical care and increasing human life expectancy. Since current molecular mechanism studies on AD pathogenesis are incomplete, there is no specific and effective therapeutic agent. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based unbiased proteomics studies provide an effective and comprehensive approach. Many advances have been made in the study of the mechanism, diagnostic markers, and drug targets of AD using proteomics. This paper focus on subcellular level studies, reviews studies using proteomics to study AD-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic, and myelin damage, the protein composition of amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), changes in tissue extracellular vehicles (EVs) and exosome proteome, and the protein changes in ribosomes and lysosomes. The methods of sample separation and preparation and proteomic analysis as well as the main findings of these studies are involved. The results of these proteomics studies provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD and provide theoretical resource and direction for future research in AD, helping to identify new biomarkers and drugs targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Guanwei Ma
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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4
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Rao NR, Upadhyay A, Savas JN. Derailed protein turnover in the aging mammalian brain. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:120-139. [PMID: 38182797 PMCID: PMC10897147 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient protein turnover is essential for cellular homeostasis and organ function. Loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging culminating in severe dysfunction of protein turnover. To investigate protein turnover dynamics as a function of age, we performed continuous in vivo metabolic stable isotope labeling in mice along the aging continuum. First, we discovered that the brain proteome uniquely undergoes dynamic turnover fluctuations during aging compared to heart and liver tissue. Second, trends in protein turnover in the brain proteome during aging showed sex-specific differences that were tightly tied to cellular compartments. Next, parallel analyses of the insoluble proteome revealed that several cellular compartments experience hampered turnover, in part due to misfolding. Finally, we found that age-associated fluctuations in proteasome activity were associated with the turnover of core proteolytic subunits, which was recapitulated by pharmacological suppression of proteasome activity. Taken together, our study provides a proteome-wide atlas of protein turnover across the aging continuum and reveals a link between the turnover of individual proteasome subunits and the age-associated decline in proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini R Rao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Portal B, Södergren M, Parés i Borrell T, Giraud R, Metzendorf NG, Hultqvist G, Nilsson P, Lindskog M. Early Astrocytic Dysfunction Is Associated with Mistuned Synapses as well as Anxiety and Depressive-Like Behavior in the AppNL-F Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1017-1037. [PMID: 38995780 PMCID: PMC11307019 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Unfortunately, efficient and affordable treatments are still lacking for this neurodegenerative disorder, it is therefore urgent to identify new pharmacological targets. Astrocytes are playing a crucial role in the tuning of synaptic transmission and several studies have pointed out severe astrocyte reactivity in AD. Reactive astrocytes show altered physiology and function, suggesting they could have a role in the early pathophysiology of AD. Objective We aimed to characterize early synaptic impairments in the AppNL-F knock-in mouse model of AD, especially to understand the contribution of astrocytes to early brain dysfunctions. Methods The AppNL-F mouse model carries two disease-causing mutations inserted in the amyloid precursor protein gene. This strain does not start to develop amyloid-β plaques until 9 months of age. Thanks to electrophysiology, we investigated synaptic function, at both neuronal and astrocytic levels, in 6-month-old animals and correlate the synaptic activity with emotional behavior. Results Electrophysiological recordings in the hippocampus revealed an overall synaptic mistuning at a pre-plaque stage of the pathology, associated to an intact social memory but a stronger depressive-like behavior. Astrocytes displayed a reactive-like morphology and a higher tonic GABA current compared to control mice. Interestingly, we here show that the synaptic impairments in hippocampal slices are partially corrected by a pre-treatment with the monoamine oxidase B blocker deprenyl or the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine (5 mg/kg). Conclusions We propose that reactive astrocytes can induce synaptic mistuning early in AD, before plaques deposition, and that these changes are associated with emotional symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Portal
- Department for Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Moa Södergren
- Department for Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Romain Giraud
- Department for Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole G. Metzendorf
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Protein Drug Design, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Protein Drug Design, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department for Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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L'Esperance OJ, McGhee J, Davidson G, Niraula S, Smith AS, Sosunov AA, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Functional Connectivity Favors Aberrant Visual Network c-Fos Expression Accompanied by Cortical Synapse Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 101:111-131. [PMID: 39121131 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Background While Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, visual network dysfunction has received less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in AD patients and mouse models. We recently reported c-Fos and synaptic dysregulation in the primary visual cortex of a pre-amyloid plaque AD-model. Objective We test whether c-Fos expression and presynaptic density/dynamics differ in cortical and subcortical visual areas in an AD-model. We also examine whether aberrant c-Fos expression is inherited through functional connectivity and shaped by light experience. Methods c-Fos+ cell density, functional connectivity, and their experience-dependent modulation were assessed for visual and whole-brain networks in both sexes of 4-6-month-old J20 (AD-model) and wildtype (WT) mice. Cortical and subcortical differences in presynaptic vulnerability in the AD-model were compared using ex vivo and in vivo imaging. Results Visual cortical, but not subcortical, networks show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation. The average functional connectivity of a brain region in WT mice significantly predicts aberrant c-Fos expression, which correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD-model. We observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory visual cortical synapses. The size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD-model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting a synaptic scaling-like adaptation of bouton size. Conclusions Visual network structural and functional disruptions are biased toward cortical regions in pre-plaque J20 mice, and the cellular and synaptic dysregulation in the AD-model represents a maladaptive modification of the baseline physiology seen in WT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J L'Esperance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joshua McGhee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Garett Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Suraj Niraula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Adam S Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Alexandre A Sosunov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirley Shidu Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaichandar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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7
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Wu C, Ruan T, Yuan Y, Xu C, Du L, Wang F, Xu S. Alterations in Synaptic Connectivity and Synaptic Transmission in Alzheimer's Disease with High Physical Activity. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1005-1022. [PMID: 38759013 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration disease. Physical activity is one of the most promising modifiable lifestyles that can be effective in slowing down the progression of AD at an early stage. Objective Explore the molecular processes impaired in AD that were conversely preserved and enhanced by physical activity. Methods Integrated transcriptomic analyses were performed in datasets that contain AD patients and elders with different degrees of physical activity. The changes of the hub genes were validated through analyzing another two datasets. The expression of the hub genes was further detected in the hippocampus and cortexes of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with or without physical activity by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Cross-comparison highlighted 195 DEGs displaying opposed regulation patterns between AD and high physical activity (HPA). The common DEGs were predominantly involved in synaptic vesicle recycling and synaptic transmission, largely downregulated in AD patients but upregulated in the elders with HPA. Two key modules and four hub genes that were related to synaptic vesicle turnover were obtained from the PPI network. The expression of these hub genes (SYT1, SYT4, SH3GL2, and AP2M1) was significantly decreased in AD transgenic mice and was reversed by HPA training. Conclusions HPA may reverse AD pathology by upregulating a range of synaptic vesicle transport related proteins which might improve the efficiency of synaptic vesicle turnover and facilitate inter-neuronal information transfer. The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlining the protective effects of HPA on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yalan Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Tsioras K, Smith KC, Edassery SL, Garjani M, Li Y, Williams C, McKenna ED, Guo W, Wilen AP, Hark TJ, Marklund SL, Ostrow LW, Gilthorpe JD, Ichida JK, Kalb RG, Savas JN, Kiskinis E. Analysis of proteome-wide degradation dynamics in ALS SOD1 iPSC-derived patient neurons reveals disrupted VCP homeostasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113160. [PMID: 37776851 PMCID: PMC10785776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SOD1 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through gain-of-function effects, yet the mechanisms by which misfolded mutant SOD1 (mutSOD1) protein impairs human motor neurons (MNs) remain unclear. Here, we use induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived MNs coupled to metabolic stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry to investigate proteome-wide degradation dynamics. We find several proteins, including the ALS-causal valosin-containing protein (VCP), which predominantly acts in proteasome degradation and autophagy, that degrade slower in mutSOD1 relative to isogenic control MNs. The interactome of VCP is altered in mutSOD1 MNs in vitro, while VCP selectively accumulates in the affected motor cortex of ALS-SOD1 patients. Overexpression of VCP rescues mutSOD1 toxicity in MNs in vitro and in a C. elegans model in vivo, in part due to its ability to modulate the degradation of insoluble mutSOD1. Our results demonstrate that VCP contributes to mutSOD1-dependent degeneration, link two distinct ALS-causal genes, and highlight selective protein degradation impairment in ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsioras
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kevin C Smith
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Seby L Edassery
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mehraveh Garjani
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth D McKenna
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenxuan Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anika P Wilen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy J Hark
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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9
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Naia L, Shimozawa M, Bereczki E, Li X, Liu J, Jiang R, Giraud R, Leal NS, Pinho CM, Berger E, Falk VL, Dentoni G, Ankarcrona M, Nilsson P. Mitochondrial hypermetabolism precedes impaired autophagy and synaptic disorganization in App knock-in Alzheimer mouse models. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3966-3981. [PMID: 37907591 PMCID: PMC10730401 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid precursor protein (App) knock-in mouse models recapitulate AD-associated Aβ pathology, allowing elucidation of downstream effects of Aβ accumulation and their temporal appearance upon disease progression. Here we have investigated the sequential onset of AD-like pathologies in AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F knock-in mice by time-course transcriptome analysis of hippocampus, a region severely affected in AD. Strikingly, energy metabolism emerged as one of the most significantly altered pathways already at an early stage of pathology. Functional experiments in isolated mitochondria from hippocampus of both AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F mice confirmed an upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation driven by the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, IV and V, associated with higher susceptibility to oxidative damage and Ca2+-overload. Upon increasing pathologies, the brain shifts to a state of hypometabolism with reduced abundancy of mitochondria in presynaptic terminals. These late-stage mice also displayed enlarged presynaptic areas associated with abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicles and autophagosomes, the latter ultimately leading to local autophagy impairment in the synapses. In summary, we report that Aβ-induced pathways in App knock-in mouse models recapitulate key pathologies observed in AD brain, and our data herein adds a comprehensive understanding of the pathologies including dysregulated metabolism and synapses and their timewise appearance to find new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Bereczki
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research and National Pandemic Center, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Romain Giraud
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Santos Leal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Moreira Pinho
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Berger
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Lim Falk
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Dentoni
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Abstract
Orchestration of protein production and degradation and the regulation of protein lifetimes play a central role in many basic biological processes. Nearly all mammalian proteins are replenished by protein turnover in waves of synthesis and degradation. Protein lifetimes in vivo are typically measured in days, but a small number of extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) persist for months or even years. ELLPs are rare in all tissues but are enriched in tissues containing terminally differentiated post-mitotic cells and extracellular matrix. Consistently, emerging evidence suggests that the cochlea may be particularly enriched in ELLPs. Damage to ELLPs in specialized cell types, such as crystallin in the lens cells of the eye, causes organ failure such as cataracts. Similarly, damage to cochlear ELLPs is likely to occur with many insults, including acoustic overstimulation, drugs, anoxia, and antibiotics, and may play an underappreciated role in hearing loss. Furthermore, hampered protein degradation may contribute to acquired hearing loss. In this review, I highlight our knowledge of the lifetimes of cochlear proteins with an emphasis on ELLPs and the potential contribution that impaired cochlear protein degradation has on acquired hearing loss and the emerging relevance of ELLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Ikegawa M, Kakuda N, Miyasaka T, Toyama Y, Nirasawa T, Minta K, Hanrieder J. Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Connect 2023; 13:319-333. [PMID: 36905365 PMCID: PMC10494909 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2022.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology is the precipitating histopathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the formation of amyloid plaques in human brains is suggested to be a key factor in initiating AD pathogenesis, it is still not fully understood the upstream events that lead to Aβ plaque formation and its metabolism inside the brains. Methods: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been successfully introduced to study AD pathology in brain tissue both in AD mouse models and human samples. By using MALDI-MSI, a highly selective deposition of Aβ peptides in AD brains with a variety of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) involvement was observed. Results: MALDI-MSI visualized depositions of shorter peptides in AD brains; Aβ1-36 to Aβ1-39 were quite similarly distributed with Aβ1-40 as a vascular pattern, and deposition of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-43 was visualized with a distinct senile plaque pattern distributed in parenchyma. Moreover, how MALDI-MSI covered in situ lipidomics of plaque pathology has been reviewed, which is of interest as aberrations in neuronal lipid biochemistry have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. Discussion: In this study, we introduce the methodological concepts and challenges of MALDI-MSI for the studies of AD pathogenesis. Diverse Aβ isoforms including various C- and N-terminal truncations in AD and CAA brain tissues will be visualized. Despite the close relationship between vascular and plaque Aβ deposition, the current strategy will define cross talk between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes at the level of Aβ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ikegawa
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuto Kakuda
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyasaka
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyama
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Karolina Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Young-Pearse TL, Lee H, Hsieh YC, Chou V, Selkoe DJ. Moving beyond amyloid and tau to capture the biological heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:426-444. [PMID: 37019812 PMCID: PMC10192069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests along a spectrum of cognitive deficits and levels of neuropathology. Genetic studies support a heterogeneous disease mechanism, with around 70 associated loci to date, implicating several biological processes that mediate risk for AD. Despite this heterogeneity, most experimental systems for testing new therapeutics are not designed to capture the genetically complex drivers of AD risk. In this review, we first provide an overview of those aspects of AD that are largely stereotyped and those that are heterogeneous, and we review the evidence supporting the concept that different subtypes of AD are important to consider in the design of agents for the prevention and treatment of the disease. We then dive into the multifaceted biological domains implicated to date in AD risk, highlighting studies of the diverse genetic drivers of disease. Finally, we explore recent efforts to identify biological subtypes of AD, with an emphasis on the experimental systems and data sets available to support progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Chou
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Bradberry MM, Peters-Clarke TM, Shishkova E, Chapman ER, Coon JJ. N-glycoproteomics of brain synapses and synaptic vesicles. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112368. [PMID: 37036808 PMCID: PMC10560701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At mammalian neuronal synapses, synaptic vesicle (SV) glycoproteins are essential for robust neurotransmission. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is required for delivery of the major SV glycoproteins synaptophysin and SV2A to SVs. Despite this key role for N-glycosylation, the molecular compositions of SV N-glycans are largely unknown. In this study, we combined organelle isolation techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize N-glycosylation at synapses and SVs from mouse brain. Detecting over 2,500 unique glycopeptides, we found that SVs harbor a distinct population of oligomannose and highly fucosylated N-glycans. Using complementary fluorescence methods, we identify at least one highly fucosylated N-glycan enriched in SVs compared with synaptosomes. High fucosylation was characteristic of SV proteins, plasma membrane proteins, and cell adhesion molecules with key roles in synaptic function and development. Our results define the N-glycoproteome of a specialized neuronal organelle and inform timely questions in the glycobiology of synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak M Bradberry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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14
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhu Z, Huang A, Zhang J, Bekhit AEDA, Wang J, Ding Y. Selenium-enriched foods and their ingredients: As intervention for the vicious cycle between autophagy and overloaded stress responses in Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6672-6685. [PMID: 36728929 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2172547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) load and inflammation accelerates the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, there has been an increasing interest in selenium-enriched ingredients (SEIs), such as selenoproteins, selenoamino acids and selenosugars, which could improve AD through antioxidant and anti-inflammation, as well as autophagy modulating effects. This review indicates that SEIs eliminate excessive ROS by activating the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, they can activate the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and subsequently promote amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance and reduce memory impairments. SEIs are ubiquitous in many plants and microorganisms, such as Brassicaceae vegetables, yeast, and mushroom. Enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as physical processing, such as thermal, high pressure and microwave treatment, are the main techniques to modify the properties of dietary selenium. This work highlights the fact that SEIs can inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress and provides evidence that supports the potential use of these dietary materials to be a novel strategy for improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - AoHuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Fornasiero EF, Savas JN. Determining and interpreting protein lifetimes in mammalian tissues. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:106-118. [PMID: 36163144 PMCID: PMC9868050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The orchestration of protein production and degradation, and the regulation of protein lifetimes, play a central role in the majority of biological processes. Recent advances in proteomics have enabled the estimation of protein half-lives for thousands of proteins in vivo. What is the utility of these measurements, and how can they be leveraged to interpret the proteome changes occurring during development, aging, and disease? This opinion article summarizes leading technical approaches and highlights their strengths and weaknesses. We also disambiguate frequently used terminology, illustrate recent mechanistic insights, and provide guidance for interpreting and validating protein turnover measurements. Overall, protein lifetimes, coupled to estimates of protein levels, are essential for obtaining a deep understanding of mammalian biology and the basic processes defining life itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro-Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Medina-Vera D, Enache D, Tambaro S, Abuhashish E, Rosell-Valle C, Winblad B, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Bereczki E, Nilsson P. Translational potential of synaptic alterations in Alzheimer's disease patients and amyloid precursor protein knock-in mice. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad001. [PMID: 36687391 PMCID: PMC9851419 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease. Post-mortem studies suggest that alterations in synaptic proteins are associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. We measured the concentration of three synaptic proteins, zinc transporter protein 3, dynamin1 and AMPA glutamate receptor 3 in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (n = 18) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 18) and compared the levels to cognitively and neurologically healthy controls (n = 18) by using ELISA assay. In addition, we aimed to assess the translational potential of these synaptic proteins in two established amyloid precursor protein knock-in Alzheimer's disease mouse models by assessing the cerebrospinal fluid, hippocampal and cortical synaptic protein concentrations. Using ELISA, we measured in parallel these three proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and/or brain of 12- and 24-month-old AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F knock-in mice and AppWt control mice. The regional distribution and expression of these proteins were explored upon aging of the App knock-in models by quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Notably, we found a significant increase in concentrations of zinc transporter protein 3 and AMPA glutamate receptor 3 in cerebrospinal fluid of both patient groups compared with cognitively healthy controls. Dynamin1 concentration was significantly higher in Alzheimer's disease patients. Remarkably, patients with mild cognitive impairment who converted to Alzheimer's disease (n = 7) within 2 years exhibited elevated baseline cerebrospinal fluid zinc transporter protein 3 concentrations compared with mild cognitive impairment patients who did not convert (n = 11). Interestingly, similar to the alterations in Alzheimer's disease subjects, cerebrospinal fluid AMPA glutamate receptor 3 concentration was significantly higher in AppNL-G-F knock-in mice when compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, we have detected age and brain regional specific changes of the three synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of both AppNL-F and AppNL-G-F knock-in mice. Notably, all the three cerebrospinal fluid synaptic protein concentrations correlated negatively with concentrations in hippocampal lysates. The elevated zinc transporter protein 3 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of converter versus non-converter mild cognitive impairment patients suggests a prospective role of zinc transporter 3 in differentiating dementia patients of the biological continuum of Alzheimer's disease. The increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of synaptic proteins in both patient groups, potentially reflecting synaptic alterations in the brain, were similarly observed in the amyloid precursor protein knock-in mouse models highlighting the translational potential of these proteins as markers for synaptic alterations. These synaptic markers could potentially help reduce the current disparities between human and animal model-based studies aiding the translation of preclinical discoveries of pathophysiological changes into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Medina-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Daniela Enache
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ethar Abuhashish
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Erika Bereczki
- Correspondence to: Erika Bereczki Department of NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet BioClinicum J10:30, 17 164, Stockholm, Sweden E-mail:
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17
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Zhou B, Lu JG, Siddu A, Wernig M, Südhof TC. Synaptogenic effect of APP-Swedish mutation in familial Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn9380. [PMID: 36260691 PMCID: PMC9894682 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) probably by enhancing Aβ peptides production from APP. An antibody targeting Aβ (aducanumab) was approved as an AD treatment; however, some Aβ antibodies have been reported to accelerate, instead of ameliorating, cognitive decline in individuals with AD. Using conditional APP mutations in human neurons for perfect isogenic controls and translational relevance, we found that the APP-Swedish mutation in familial AD increased synapse numbers and synaptic transmission, whereas the APP deletion decreased synapse numbers and synaptic transmission. Inhibition of BACE1, the protease that initiates Aβ production from APP, lowered synapse numbers, suppressed synaptic transmission in wild-type neurons, and occluded the phenotype of APP-Swedish-mutant neurons. Modest elevations of Aβ, conversely, elevated synapse numbers and synaptic transmission. Thus, the familial AD-linked APP-Swedish mutation under physiologically relevant conditions increased synaptic connectivity in human neurons via a modestly enhanced production of Aβ. These data are consistent with the relative inefficacy of BACE1 and anti-Aβ treatments in AD and the chronic nature of AD pathogenesis, suggesting that AD pathogenesis is not simply caused by overproduction of toxic Aβ but rather by a long-term effect of elevated Aβ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacqueline G. Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alberto Siddu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford 94305, USA
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18
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Dentoni G, Naia L, Portal B, Leal NS, Nilsson P, Lindskog M, Ankarcrona M. Mitochondrial Alterations in Neurons Derived from the Murine AppNL-F Knock-In Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:565-583. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research has relied on mouse models overexpressing human mutant A βPP; however, newer generation knock-in models allow for physiological expression of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) containing familial AD mutations where murine AβPP is edited with a humanized amyloid-β (Aβ) sequence. The AppNL-F mouse model has shown substantial similarities to AD brains developing late onset cognitive impairment. Objective: In this study, we aimed to characterize mature primary cortical neurons derived from homozygous AppNL-F embryos, especially to identify early mitochondrial alterations in this model. Methods: Primary cultures of AppNL-F neurons kept in culture for 12–15 days were used to measure Aβ levels, secretase activity, mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial-ER contacts, synaptic function, and cell death. Results: We detected higher levels of Aβ42 released from AppNL-F neurons as compared to wild-type neurons. AppNL-F neurons, also displayed an increased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, similar to adult AppNL-F mouse brain. Interestingly, we found an upregulation in mitochondrial oxygen consumption with concomitant downregulation in glycolytic reserve. Furthermore, AppNL-F neurons were more susceptible to cell death triggered by mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. Juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria was found to be substantially upregulated, which may account for upregulated mitochondrial-derived ATP production. However, anterograde mitochondrial movement was severely impaired in this model along with loss in synaptic vesicle protein and impairment in pre- and post-synaptic function. Conclusion: We show that widespread mitochondrial alterations can be detected in AppNL-F neurons in vitro, where amyloid plaque deposition does not occur, suggesting soluble and oligomeric Aβ-species being responsible for these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Dentoni
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luana Naia
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Portal
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nuno Santos Leal
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Beller NC, Hummon AB. Advances in stable isotope labeling: dynamic labeling for spatial and temporal proteomic analysis. Mol Omics 2022; 18:579-590. [PMID: 35723214 PMCID: PMC9378559 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of proteomics is continually improving, requiring the development of new quantitative methods. Stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC) is a metabolic labeling technique originating in the early 2000s. By incorporating isotopically labeled amino acids into the media used for cell culture, unlabeled versus labeled cells can be differentiated by the mass spectrometer. Traditional SILAC labeling has been expanded to pulsed applications allowing for a new quantitative dimension of proteomics - temporal analysis. The complete introduction of Heavy SILAC labeling chased with surplus unlabeled medium mimics traditional pulse-chase experiments and allows for the loss of heavy signal to track proteomic changes over time. In a similar fashion, pulsed SILAC (pSILAC) monitors the initial incorporation of a heavy label across a period of time, which allows for the rate of protein label integration to be assessed. These innovative techniques have aided in inspiring numerous SILAC-based temporal and spatial labeling applications, including super SILAC, spike-in SILAC, spatial SILAC, and a revival in label multiplexing. This review reflects upon the evolution of SILAC and the pulsed SILAC application, introduces advances in SILAC labeling, and proposes future perspectives for this novel and exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Beller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210.
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 43210
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20
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Rupawala H, Shah K, Davies C, Rose J, Colom-Cadena M, Peng X, Granat L, Aljuhani M, Mizuno K, Troakes C, Perez-Nievas BG, Morgan A, So PW, Hortobagyi T, Spires-Jones TL, Noble W, Giese KP. Cysteine string protein alpha accumulates with early pre-synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac192. [PMID: 35928052 PMCID: PMC9345313 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease, synapse loss causes memory and cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease are not well understood. In the hippocampus, alterations in the level of cysteine string protein alpha, a molecular co-chaperone at the pre-synaptic terminal, occur prior to reductions in synaptophysin, suggesting that it is a very sensitive marker of synapse degeneration in Alzheimer’s. Here, we identify putative extracellular accumulations of cysteine string alpha protein, which are proximal to beta-amyloid deposits in post-mortem human Alzheimer’s brain and in the brain of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Cysteine string protein alpha, at least some of which is phosphorylated at serine 10, accumulates near the core of beta-amyloid deposits and does not co-localize with hyperphosphorylated tau, dystrophic neurites or glial cells. Using super-resolution microscopy and array tomography, cysteine string protein alpha was found to accumulate to a greater extent than other pre-synaptic proteins and at a comparatively great distance from the plaque core. This indicates that cysteine string protein alpha is most sensitive to being released from pre-synapses at low concentrations of beta-amyloid oligomers. Cysteine string protein alpha accumulations were also evident in other neurodegenerative diseases, including some fronto-temporal lobar dementias and Lewy body diseases, but only in the presence of amyloid plaques. Our findings are consistent with suggestions that pre-synapses are affected early in Alzheimer’s disease, and they demonstrate that cysteine string protein alpha is a more sensitive marker for early pre-synaptic dysfunction than traditional synaptic markers. We suggest that cysteine string protein alpha should be used as a pathological marker for early synaptic disruption caused by beta-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa Rupawala
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Keshvi Shah
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ , UK
| | - Jamie Rose
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ , UK
| | - Marti Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ , UK
| | - Xianhui Peng
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Lucy Granat
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Manal Aljuhani
- Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Beatriz Gomez Perez-Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX , UK
| | - Po-Wah So
- Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
- Department of Neurology, ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, University of Debrecen , 4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ , UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
| | - Karl Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX , UK
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21
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Khan S. Endoplasmic Reticulum in Metaplasticity: From Information Processing to Synaptic Proteostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5630-5655. [PMID: 35739409 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is a Ca2+ reservoir and the unique protein-synthesizing machinery which is distributed throughout the neuron and composed of multiple different structural domains. One such domain is called EMC (endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex), pleiotropic nature in cellular functions. The ER/EMC position inside the neurons unmasks its contribution to synaptic plasticity via regulating various cellular processes from protein synthesis to Ca2+ signaling. Since presynaptic Ca2+ channels and postsynaptic ionotropic receptors are organized into the nanodomains, thus ER can be a crucial player in establishing TMNCs (transsynaptic molecular nanocolumns) to shape efficient neural communications. This review hypothesized that ER is not only involved in stress-mediated neurodegeneration but also axon regrowth, remyelination, neurotransmitter switching, information processing, and regulation of pre- and post-synaptic functions. Thus ER might not only be a protein-synthesizing and quality control machinery but also orchestrates plasticity of plasticity (metaplasticity) within the neuron to execute higher-order brain functions and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumsuzzaman Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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22
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Upadhyay A, Sundaria N, Dhiman R, Prajapati VK, Prasad A, Mishra A. Complex Inclusion Bodies and Defective Proteome Hubs in Neurodegenerative Disease: New Clues, New Challenges. Neuroscientist 2022; 28:271-282. [PMID: 33530848 DOI: 10.1177/1073858421989582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A healthy physiological environment of cells represents the dynamic homeostasis of crowded molecules. A subset of cellular proteome forms protein quality control (PQC) machinery to maintain an uninterrupted synthesis of new polypeptides and targeted elimination of old or defective proteins. The process of PQC may get overwhelmed under specific genetic mutations, environmental stress conditions, and aging-associated perturbances. Many of these conditions may lead to the generation of various types of aberrant protein species that may or may not accumulate as large cellular inclusions. These proteinaceous formations, referred to as inclusion bodies (IBs), could be membrane-bound or membrane-less, cytoplasmic, or nuclear. Most importantly, they could either be toxic or protective. Under acute stress conditions, the formation of aggregates may cause proteostasis failure, leading to large-scale changes in the cellular proteome compositions. However, the large insoluble IBs may act as reservoirs for many soluble proteins with high aggregation propensities, which can overwhelm the cellular chaperoning capacity and protein degradation machinery. The kinetic equilibrium between folding and unfolding, misfolding, and refolding; aggregation and degradation is perturbed in one or many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) associated with dementia, cognitive impairments, movement, and behavioural losses. However, a detailed interplay of IBs into the manifestation of the NDDs is unknown, and a very primitive knowledge of structural compositions of amyloid inclusions is present. The present article presents a brief evolutionary background of IBs; their functional relevance for prokaryotes, plants, and animals; and associated involvement in neuronal proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Naveen Sundaria
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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23
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Kluever V, Russo B, Mandad S, Kumar NH, Alevra M, Ori A, Rizzoli SO, Urlaub H, Schneider A, Fornasiero EF. Protein lifetimes in aged brains reveal a proteostatic adaptation linking physiological aging to neurodegeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4437. [PMID: 35594347 PMCID: PMC9122331 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs); however, the molecular mechanisms rendering the aged brain particularly susceptible to neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here, we aim to determine the link between physiological aging and NDDs by exploring protein turnover using metabolic labeling and quantitative pulse-SILAC proteomics. By comparing protein lifetimes between physiologically aged and young adult mice, we found that in aged brains protein lifetimes are increased by ~20% and that aging affects distinct pathways linked to NDDs. Specifically, a set of neuroprotective proteins are longer-lived in aged brains, while some mitochondrial proteins linked to neurodegeneration are shorter-lived. Strikingly, we observed a previously unknown alteration in proteostasis that correlates to parsimonious turnover of proteins with high biosynthetic costs, revealing an overall metabolic adaptation that preludes neurodegeneration. Our findings suggest that future therapeutic paradigms, aimed at addressing these metabolic adaptations, might be able to delay NDD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kluever
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belisa Russo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sunit Mandad
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nisha Hemandhar Kumar
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mihai Alevra
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eugenio F. Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Electron Tomographic Methods for Studying Organelles of the Murine Chemical Synapse. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:129-139. [PMID: 35819763 PMCID: PMC10115186 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron tomography of the chemical synapse provides important architectural information regarding the organization of synaptic organelles including synaptic vesicles, Nissl bodies, and early endosomes. Here, we describe methods for the preparation of select murine brain regions for high-pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and EM tomographic analysis of synaptic structures. The method uses fresh brain slices prepared using a vibratome and biopsy punches to collect specific brain regions of interest suitable for subsequent preservation and EM tomographic imaging.
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25
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Hark TJ, Savas JN. Using stable isotope labeling to advance our understanding of Alzheimer's disease etiology and pathology. J Neurochem 2021; 159:318-329. [PMID: 33434345 PMCID: PMC8273190 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling with mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis has become a powerful strategy to assess protein steady-state levels, protein turnover, and protein localization. Applying these analyses platforms to neurodegenerative disorders may uncover new aspects of the etiology of these devastating diseases. Recently, stable isotopes-MS has been used to investigate early pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mouse models of AD-like pathology. In this review, we summarize these stable isotope-MS experimental designs and the recent application in the context of AD pathology. We also describe our current efforts aimed at using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of stable isotope-labeled amyloid fibrils from AD mouse model brains. Collectively, these methodologies offer new opportunities to study proteome changes in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases by elucidating mechanisms to target for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hark
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Bomba-Warczak E, Edassery SL, Hark TJ, Savas JN. Long-lived mitochondrial cristae proteins in mouse heart and brain. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212469. [PMID: 34259807 PMCID: PMC8282663 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived proteins (LLPs) have recently emerged as vital components of intracellular structures whose function is coupled to long-term stability. Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles, and their function hinges on efficient proteome renewal and replacement. Here, using metabolic stable isotope labeling of mice combined with mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomic analysis, we demonstrate remarkable longevity for a subset of the mitochondrial proteome. We discovered that mitochondrial LLPs (mt-LLPs) can persist for months in tissues harboring long-lived cells, such as brain and heart. Our analysis revealed enrichment of mt-LLPs within the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically in the cristae subcompartment, and demonstrates that the mitochondrial proteome is not turned over in bulk. Pioneering cross-linking experiments revealed that mt-LLPs are spatially restricted and copreserved within protein OXPHOS complexes, with limited subunit exchange throughout their lifetimes. This study provides an explanation for the exceptional mitochondrial protein lifetimes and supports the concept that LLPs provide key structural stability to multiple large and dynamic intracellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bomba-Warczak
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Seby L Edassery
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy J Hark
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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27
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Rao NR, Savas JN. Levetiracetam Treatment Normalizes Levels of Presynaptic Endocytosis Machinery and Restores Nonamyloidogenic APP Processing in App Knock-in Mice. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3580-3589. [PMID: 34106705 PMCID: PMC8256815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, produced by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), play a key role in the initial stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence indicates that Aβ42 induces neuronal circuit hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD pathology. As a result, researchers have investigated treatments that modulate the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance as potential AD therapies. For example, levetiracetam, an atypical antiepileptic drug used to quell hyperexcitability, has garnered recent interest in the AD field, even though its exact mechanism(s) of action remains elusive. Here, we show that in APP knock-in mouse models of amyloid pathology, chronic levetiracetam administration decreases cortical Aβ42 levels and lowers the amyloid plaque burden. In addition, using multiplexed tandem mass tag-quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, we determined that chronic levetiracetam administration selectively normalizes levels of presynaptic endocytic proteins. Finally, we found that levetiracetam treatment selectively lowers beta carboxyl-terminal fragment levels, while the abundance of full-length APP remains unchanged. In summary, this work reports that chronic treatment with levetiracetam serves as a useful therapeutic in AD by normalizing levels of presynaptic endocytic proteins and altering APP cleavage preference, leading to a decrease in both Aβ42 levels and the amyloid plaque burden. These novel findings provide novel evidence for the previously documented therapeutic value of levetiracetam to mitigate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini R Rao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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28
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Michno W, Stringer KM, Enzlein T, Passarelli MK, Escrig S, Vitanova K, Wood J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Meibom A, Hopf C, Edwards FA, Hanrieder J. Following spatial Aβ aggregation dynamics in evolving Alzheimer's disease pathology by imaging stable isotope labeling kinetics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/25/eabg4855. [PMID: 34134980 PMCID: PMC8208724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation is the major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and constitutes a potentially critical, early inducer driving AD pathogenesis as it precedes other pathological events and cognitive symptoms by decades. It is therefore critical to understand how Aβ pathology is initiated and where and when distinct Aβ species aggregate. Here, we used metabolic isotope labeling in APPNL-G-F knock-in mice together with mass spectrometry imaging to monitor the earliest seeds of Aβ deposition through ongoing plaque development. This allowed visualizing Aβ aggregation dynamics within single plaques across different brain regions. We show that formation of structurally distinct plaques is associated with differential Aβ peptide deposition. Specifically, Aβ1-42 is forming an initial core structure followed by radial outgrowth and late secretion and deposition of Aβ1-38. These data describe a detailed picture of the earliest events of precipitating amyloid pathology at scales not previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Michno
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie M Stringer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Enzlein
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melissa K Passarelli
- Laboratory of Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephane Escrig
- Laboratory of Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karina Vitanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory of Biological Geochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frances A Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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29
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Thompson AG, Gray E, Charles PD, Hu MTM, Talbot K, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Turner MR. Network Analysis of the CSF Proteome Characterizes Convergent Pathways of Cellular Dysfunction in ALS. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642324. [PMID: 33815045 PMCID: PMC8010303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a clinical syndrome with complex biological determinants, but which in most cases is characterized by TDP-43 pathology. The identification in CSF of a protein signature of TDP-43 network dysfunction would have the potential to inform the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS We compared CSF proteomic data from patients with ALS (n = 41), Parkinson's disease (n = 19) and healthy control participants (n = 20). Weighted correlation network analysis was used to identify modules within the CSF protein network and combined with gene ontology enrichment analysis to functionally annotate module proteins. Analysis of module eigenproteins and differential correlation analysis of the CSF protein network was used to compare ALS and Parkinson's disease protein co-correlation with healthy controls. In order to monitor temporal changes in the CSF proteome, we performed longitudinal analysis of the CSF proteome in a subset of ALS patients. RESULTS Weighted correlation network analysis identified 10 modules, including those enriched for terms involved in gene expression including nucleic acid binding, RNA metabolism and translation; humoral immune system function, including complement pathways; membrane proteins, axonal outgrowth and adherence; and glutamatergic synapses. Immune system module eigenproteins were increased in ALS, whilst axonal module eigenproteins were decreased in ALS. The 19 altered protein correlations in ALS were enriched for gene expression (OR 3.05, p = 0.017) and membrane protein modules (OR 17.48, p = 0.011), including intramodular hub proteins previously identified as TDP-43 interactors. Proteins decreasing over longitudinal analysis ALS were enriched in glutamatergic synapse and axonal outgrowth modules. Protein correlation network disruptions in Parkinson's disease showed no module enrichment. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the co-correlation network in CSF samples identified a set of pathways known to be associated with TDP-43 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ALS, with important implications for therapeutic targeting and biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D. Charles
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele T. M. Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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30
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Ruiter M, Lützkendorf C, Liang J, Wierenga CJ. Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Only Mild Changes to Inhibitory Bouton Dynamics. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:153-160. [PMID: 33981952 PMCID: PMC8075564 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β protein precursor is highly expressed in a subset of inhibitory neuron in the hippocampus, and inhibitory neurons have been suggested to play an important role in early Alzheimer’s disease plaque load. Here we investigated bouton dynamics in axons of hippocampal interneurons in two independent amyloidosis models. Short-term (24 h) amyloid-β (Aβ)-oligomer application to organotypic hippocampal slices slightly increased inhibitory bouton dynamics, but bouton density and dynamics were unchanged in hippocampus slices of young-adult AppNL - F - G-mice, in which Aβ levels are chronically elevated. These results indicate that loss or defective adaptation of inhibitory synapses are not a major contribution to Aβ-induced hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Ruiter
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lützkendorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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