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Sirtori CR, Castiglione S, Pavanello C. METFORMIN: FROM DIABETES TO CANCER TO PROLONGATION OF LIFE. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107367. [PMID: 39191336 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The metformin molecule dates back to over a century, but its clinical use started in the '50s. Since then, its use in diabetics has grown constantly, with over 150 million users today. The therapeutic profile also expanded, with improved understanding of novel mechanisms. Metformin has a major activity on insulin resistance, by acting on the insulin receptors and mitochondria, most likely by activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase. These and associated mechanisms lead to significant lipid lowering and body weight loss. An anti-cancer action has come up in recent years, with mechanisms partly dependent on the mitochondrial activity and also on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase resistance occurring in some malignant tumors. The potential of metformin to raise life-length is the object of large ongoing studies and of several basic and clinical investigations. The present review article will attempt to investigate the basic mechanisms behind these diverse activities and the potential clinical benefits. Metformin may act on transcriptional activity by histone modification, DNA methylation and miRNAs. An activity on age-associated inflammation (inflammaging) may occur via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor and changes in gut microbiota. A senolytic activity, leading to reduction of cells with the senescent associated secretory phenotype, may be crucial in lifespan prolongation as well as in ancillary properties in age-associated diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Telomere prolongation may be related to the activity on mitochondrial respiratory factor 1 and on peroxisome gamma proliferator coactivator 1-alpha. Very recent observations on the potential to act on the most severe neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, have raised considerable hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare R Sirtori
- Center of Dyslipidemias, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sofia Castiglione
- Center of Dyslipidemias, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Center of Dyslipidemias, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Zhang Y, Liang C, Xu H, Li Y, Xia K, Wang L, Huang X, Chen J, Shu J, Cheng F, Shi K, Wang J, Tao Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Feng S, Li F, Zhou X, Chen Q. Dedifferentiation-like reprogramming of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells into notochordal-like cells by defined factors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2563-2583. [PMID: 38879755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive degeneration of functional somatic cells and the depletion of endogenous stem/progenitor populations present significant challenges to tissue regeneration in degenerative diseases. Currently, a cellular reprogramming approach enabling directly generating corresponding progenitor populations from degenerative somatic cells remains elusive. The present study focused on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and identified a three-factor combination (OCT4, FOXA2, TBXT [OFT]) that could induce the dedifferentiation-like reprogramming of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells (dNPCs) toward induced notochordal-like cells (iNCs). Single-cell transcriptomics dissected the transitions of cell identity during reprogramming. Further, OCT4 was found to directly interact with bromodomain PHD-finger transcription factor to remodel the chromatin during the early phases, which was crucial for initiating this dedifferentiation-like reprogramming. In rat models, intradiscal injection of adeno-associated virus carrying OFT generated iNCs from in situ dNPCs and reversed IVDD. These results collectively present a proof-of-concept for dedifferentiation-like reprogramming of degenerated somatic cells into corresponding progenitors through the development of a factor-based strategy, providing a promising approach for regeneration in degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Liyin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Shoumin Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310009, China.
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Jothi D, Kulka LAM. Strategies for modeling aging and age-related diseases. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38987252 PMCID: PMC11237002 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to reprogram patient-derived-somatic cells to IPSCs (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) has led to a better understanding of aging and age-related diseases like Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. The established patient-derived disease models mimic disease pathology and can be used to design drugs for aging and age-related diseases. However, the age and genetic mutations of the donor cells, the employed reprogramming, and the differentiation protocol might often pose challenges in establishing an appropriate disease model. In this review, we will focus on the various strategies for the successful reprogramming and differentiation of patient-derived cells to disease models for aging and age-related diseases, emphasizing the accuracy in the recapitulation of disease pathology and ways to overcome the limitations of its potential application in cell replacement therapy and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Miliotou E, de Lázaro I. A Youthful Touch: Reversal of Aging Hallmarks by Cell Reprogramming. Cells Tissues Organs 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38768583 DOI: 10.1159/000539415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the elderly population projected to double by 2050, there is an urgent need to address the increasing prevalence of age-related debilitating diseases and ultimately minimize discrepancies between the rising lifespan and stagnant health span. Cellular reprogramming by overexpression of Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and cMyc (OKSM) transcription factors is gaining attention in this context thanks to demonstrated rejuvenating effects in human cell cultures and live mice, many of which can be uncoupled from dedifferentiation and loss of cell identity. SUMMARY Here, we review current evidence of the impact of cell reprogramming on established aging hallmarks and the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects. We also provide a critical assessment of the challenges in translating these findings and, overall, cell reprogramming technologies into clinically translatable antiaging interventions. KEY MESSAGES Cellular reprogramming has the potential to reverse at least partially some key hallmarks of aging. However, further research is necessary to determine the biological significance and duration of such changes and to ensure the safety of cell reprogramming as a rejuvenation approach. With this review, we hope to stimulate new research directions in the quest to extend health span effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Miliotou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Matteini F, Montserrat-Vazquez S, Florian MC. Rejuvenating aged stem cells: therapeutic strategies to extend health and lifespan. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38604982 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a global decline in stem cell function. To date, several strategies have been proposed to rejuvenate aged stem cells: most of these result in functional improvement of the tissue where the stem cells reside, but the impact on the lifespan of the whole organism has been less clearly established. Here, we review some of the most recent work dealing with interventions that improve the regenerative capacity of aged somatic stem cells in mammals and that might have important translational possibilities. Overall, we underscore that somatic stem cell rejuvenation represents a strategy to improve tissue homeostasis upon aging and present some recent approaches with the potential to affect health span and lifespan of the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Matteini
- Stem Cell Aging Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, The Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Montserrat-Vazquez
- Stem Cell Aging Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, The Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carolina Florian
- Stem Cell Aging Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, The Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia (P-CMR[C]), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- The Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Zhang J, Yang SG, Zhou FQ. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling in neural regeneration in vivo. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad075. [PMID: 38059848 PMCID: PMC11063957 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling plays important and broad roles in regulating neural development in vitro and in vivo. Here, we reviewed recent findings of GSK3-regulated axon regeneration in vivo in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and discussed a few controversial findings in the field. Overall, current evidence indicates that GSK3β signaling serves as an important downstream mediator of the PI3K-AKT pathway to regulate axon regeneration in parallel with the mTORC1 pathway. Specifically, the mTORC1 pathway supports axon regeneration mainly through its role in regulating cap-dependent protein translation, whereas GSK3β signaling might be involved in regulating N6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation-mediated, cap-independent protein translation. In addition, GSK3 signaling also plays a key role in reshaping the neuronal transcriptomic landscape during neural regeneration. Finally, we proposed some research directions to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory function of GSK3 signaling and discover novel GSK3 signaling-related therapeutic targets. Together, we hope to provide an updated and insightful overview of how GSK3 signaling regulates neural regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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7
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Xu L, Ramirez-Matias J, Hauptschein M, Sun ED, Lunger JC, Buckley MT, Brunet A. Restoration of neuronal progenitors by partial reprogramming in the aged neurogenic niche. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:546-567. [PMID: 38553564 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Partial reprogramming (pulsed expression of reprogramming transcription factors) improves the function of several tissues in old mice. However, it remains largely unknown how partial reprogramming impacts the old brain. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to systematically examine how partial reprogramming influences the subventricular zone neurogenic niche in aged mouse brains. Whole-body partial reprogramming mainly improves neuroblasts (cells committed to give rise to new neurons) in the old neurogenic niche, restoring neuroblast proportion to more youthful levels. Interestingly, targeting partial reprogramming specifically to the neurogenic niche also boosts the proportion of neuroblasts and their precursors (neural stem cells) in old mice and improves several molecular signatures of aging, suggesting that the beneficial effects of reprogramming are niche intrinsic. In old neural stem cell cultures, partial reprogramming cell autonomously restores the proportion of neuroblasts during differentiation and blunts some age-related transcriptomic changes. Importantly, partial reprogramming improves the production of new neurons in vitro and in old brains. Our work suggests that partial reprogramming could be used to rejuvenate the neurogenic niche and counter brain decline in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Max Hauptschein
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Judith C Lunger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Yücel AD, Gladyshev VN. The long and winding road of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1941. [PMID: 38431638 PMCID: PMC10908844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal aging is inherently connected to the aging of its constituent cells and systems. Reducing the biological age of the organism may be assisted by reducing the age of its cells - an approach exemplified by partial cell reprogramming through the expression of Yamanaka factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. It is crucial to protect cell type identity during partial reprogramming, as cells need to retain or rapidly regain their functions following the treatment. Another critical issue is the ability to quantify biological age as reprogrammed older cells acquire younger states. We discuss recent advances in reprogramming-induced rejuvenation and offer a critical review of this procedure and its relationship to the fundamental nature of aging. We further comparatively analyze partial reprogramming, full reprogramming and transdifferentiation approaches, assess safety concerns and emphasize the importance of distinguishing rejuvenation from dedifferentiation. Finally, we highlight translational opportunities that the reprogramming-induced rejuvenation approach offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Doğa Yücel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Pereira B, Correia FP, Alves IA, Costa M, Gameiro M, Martins AP, Saraiva JA. Epigenetic reprogramming as a key to reverse ageing and increase longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102204. [PMID: 38272265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit for the fountain of youth has long been a fascination amongst scientists and humanity. Ageing is broadly characterized by a cellular decline with increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, being intimately associated with epigenetic modifications. Recently, reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies have begun to greatly alter longevity research not only to tackle age-related defects but also to possibly reverse the cellular ageing process. Hence, in this review, we highlight the major epigenetic changes during ageing and the state-of-art of the current emerging epigenetic reprogramming strategies leveraging on transcription factors. Notably, partial reprogramming enables the resetting of the ageing clock without erasing cellular identity. Promising chemical-based rejuvenation strategies harnessing small molecules, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors are also discussed. Moreover, in parallel to longevity interventions, the foundations of epigenetic clocks for accurate ageing assessment and evaluation of reprogramming approaches are briefly presented. Going further, with such scientific breakthroughs, we are witnessing a rise in the longevity biotech industry aiming to extend the health span and ideally achieve human rejuvenation one day. In this context, we overview the main scenarios proposed for the future of the socio-economic and ethical challenges associated with such an emerging field. Ultimately, this review aims to inspire future research on interventions that promote healthy ageing for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Inês A Alves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gameiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P Martins
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Huyghe A, Trajkova A, Lavial F. Cellular plasticity in reprogramming, rejuvenation and tumorigenesis: a pioneer TF perspective. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:255-267. [PMID: 37648593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The multistep process of in vivo reprogramming, mediated by the transcription factors (TFs) Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), holds great promise for the development of rejuvenating and regenerative strategies. However, most of the approaches developed so far are accompanied by a persistent risk of tumorigenicity. Here, we review the groundbreaking effects of in vivo reprogramming with a particular focus on rejuvenation and regeneration. We discuss how the activity of pioneer TFs generates cellular plasticity that may be critical for inducing not only reprogramming and regeneration, but also cancer initiation. Finally, we highlight how a better understanding of the uncoupled control of cellular identity, plasticity, and aging during reprogramming might pave the way to the development of rejuvenating/regenerating strategies in a nontumorigenic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Huyghe
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aneta Trajkova
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
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11
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Sichani AS, Khoddam S, Shakeri S, Tavakkoli Z, Jafroodi AR, Dabbaghipour R, Sisakht M, Fallahi J. Partial Reprogramming as a Method for Regenerating Neural Tissues in Aged Organisms. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:10-23. [PMID: 38381402 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging causes numerous age-related diseases, leading the human species to death. Nevertheless, rejuvenating strategies based on cell epigenetic modifications are a possible approach to counteract disease progression while getting old. Cell reprogramming of adult somatic cells toward pluripotency ought to be a promising tool for age-related diseases. However, researchers do not have control over this process as cells lose their fate, and cause potential cancerous cells or unexpected cell phenotypes. Direct and partial reprogramming were introduced in recent years with distinctive applications. Although direct reprogramming makes cells lose their identity, it has various applications in regeneration medicine. Temporary and regulated in vivo overexpression of Yamanaka factors has been shown in several experimental contexts to be achievable and is used to rejuvenate mice models. This regeneration can be accomplished by altering the epigenetic adult cell signature to the signature of a younger cell. The greatest advantage of partial reprogramming is that this method does not allow cells to lose their identity when they are resetting their epigenetic clock. It is a regimen of short-term Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc expression in vivo that prevents full reprogramming to the pluripotent state and avoids both tumorigenesis and the presence of unwanted undifferentiated cells. We know that many neurological age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, dementia, and Parkinson's disease, are the main cause of death in the last decades of life. Therefore, scientists have a special tendency regarding neuroregeneration methods to increase human life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saber Sichani
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Somayeh Khoddam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shayan Shakeri
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Tavakkoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arad Ranji Jafroodi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Dabbaghipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sisakht
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Paine PT, Nguyen A, Ocampo A. Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14039. [PMID: 38040663 PMCID: PMC10861195 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-associated disease are a major medical and societal burden in need of effective treatments. Cellular reprogramming is a biological process capable of modulating cell fate and cellular age. Harnessing the rejuvenating benefits without altering cell identity via partial cellular reprogramming has emerged as a novel translational strategy with therapeutic potential and strong commercial interests. Here, we explore the aging-related benefits of partial cellular reprogramming while examining limitations and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Paine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneVaudSwitzerland
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneVaudSwitzerland
- EPITERNA SAEpalingesSwitzerland
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13
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Roy B, Pekec T, Yuan L, Shivashankar GV. Implanting mechanically reprogrammed fibroblasts for aged tissue regeneration and wound healing. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14032. [PMID: 38010905 PMCID: PMC10861198 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are essential for tissue regeneration and wound healing during aging. Autologous transplantation of aging cells is ineffective due to their increased senescence and reduced tissue remodeling capabilities. Alternatively, implanting reprogrammed aged cells provides unique opportunities. In this paper, we demonstrate the implantation of partially reprogrammed aged human dermal fibroblasts into in vitro aged skin models for tissue regeneration and wound healing. The partially reprogrammed cells were obtained using our previously reported, highly efficient mechanical approach. Implanted cells showed enhanced expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the large area of aged tissue. In addition, the implanted cells at wound sites showed increased extracellular matrix protein synthesis and matrix alignment. Transcriptome analysis, combined with chromatin biomarkers, revealed these implanted cells upregulated tissue regeneration and wound healing pathways. Collectively our results provide a novel, nongenetic, partial reprogramming of aged cells for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Roy
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Tina Pekec
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Luezhen Yuan
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - G. V. Shivashankar
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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14
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Macip CC, Hasan R, Hoznek V, Kim J, Lu YR, Metzger LE, Sethna S, Davidsohn N. Gene Therapy-Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:24-32. [PMID: 38381405 PMCID: PMC10909732 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex progression of changes best characterized as the chronic dysregulation of cellular processes leading to deteriorated tissue and organ function. Although aging cannot currently be prevented, its impact on life- and healthspan in the elderly can potentially be minimized by interventions that aim to return these cellular processes to optimal function. Recent studies have demonstrated that partial reprogramming using the Yamanaka factors (or a subset; OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4; OSK) can reverse age-related changes in vitro and in vivo. However, it is still unknown whether the Yamanaka factors (or a subset) are capable of extending the lifespan of aged wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we show that systemically delivered adeno-associated viruses, encoding an inducible OSK system, in 124-week-old male mice extend the median remaining lifespan by 109% over WT controls and enhance several health parameters. Importantly, we observed a significant improvement in frailty scores indicating that we were able to improve the healthspan along with increasing the lifespan. Furthermore, in human keratinocytes expressing exogenous OSK, we observed significant epigenetic markers of age reversal, suggesting a potential reregulation of genetic networks to a younger potentially healthier state. Together, these results may have important implications for the development of partial reprogramming interventions to reverse age-associated diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jihyun Kim
- Rejuvenate Bio, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yuancheng Ryan Lu
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Paine PT, Rechsteiner C, Morandini F, Desdín-Micó G, Mrabti C, Parras A, Haghani A, Brooke R, Horvath S, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Ocampo A. Initiation phase cellular reprogramming ameliorates DNA damage in the ERCC1 mouse model of premature aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 4:1323194. [PMID: 38322248 PMCID: PMC10844398 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1323194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unlike aged somatic cells, which exhibit a decline in molecular fidelity and eventually reach a state of replicative senescence, pluripotent stem cells can indefinitely replenish themselves while retaining full homeostatic capacity. The conferment of beneficial-pluripotency related traits via in vivo partial cellular reprogramming in vivo partial reprogramming significantly extends lifespan and restores aging phenotypes in mouse models. Although the phases of cellular reprogramming are well characterized, details of the rejuvenation processes are poorly defined. To understand whether cellular reprogramming can ameliorate DNA damage, we created a reprogrammable accelerated aging mouse model with an ERCC1 mutation. Importantly, using enhanced partial reprogramming by combining small molecules with the Yamanaka factors, we observed potent reversion of DNA damage, significant upregulation of multiple DNA damage repair processes, and restoration of the epigenetic clock. In addition, we present evidence that pharmacological inhibition of ALK5 and ALK2 receptors in the TGFb pathway are able to phenocopy some benefits including epigenetic clock restoration suggesting a role in the mechanism of rejuvenation by partial reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Treat Paine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Francesco Morandini
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gabriela Desdín-Micó
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Calida Mrabti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Vaud, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, United States
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, United States
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Vaud, Switzerland
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16
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Cipriano A, Moqri M, Maybury-Lewis SY, Rogers-Hammond R, de Jong TA, Parker A, Rasouli S, Schöler HR, Sinclair DA, Sebastiano V. Mechanisms, pathways and strategies for rejuvenation through epigenetic reprogramming. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:14-26. [PMID: 38102454 PMCID: PMC11058000 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in efforts to ameliorate aging and the diseases it causes, with transient expression of nuclear reprogramming factors recently emerging as an intriguing approach. Expression of these factors, either systemically or in a tissue-specific manner, has been shown to combat age-related deterioration in mouse and human model systems at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. Here we discuss the current state of epigenetic rejuvenation strategies via partial reprogramming in both mouse and human models. For each classical reprogramming factor, we provide a brief description of its contribution to reprogramming and discuss additional factors or chemical strategies. We discuss what is known regarding chromatin remodeling and the molecular dynamics underlying rejuvenation, and, finally, we consider strategies to improve the practical uses of epigenetic reprogramming to treat aging and age-related diseases, focusing on the open questions and remaining challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cipriano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahdi Moqri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tineke Anna de Jong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Parker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sajede Rasouli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hans Robert Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Lu YR, Tian X, Sinclair DA. The Information Theory of Aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1486-1499. [PMID: 38102202 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Information storage and retrieval is essential for all life. In biology, information is primarily stored in two distinct ways: the genome, comprising nucleic acids, acts as a foundational blueprint and the epigenome, consisting of chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins, regulates gene expression patterns and endows cells with specific identities and functions. Unlike the stable, digital nature of genetic information, epigenetic information is stored in a digital-analog format, susceptible to alterations induced by diverse environmental signals and cellular damage. The Information Theory of Aging (ITOA) states that the aging process is driven by the progressive loss of youthful epigenetic information, the retrieval of which via epigenetic reprogramming can improve the function of damaged and aged tissues by catalyzing age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Ryan Lu
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tian
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Parras A, Vílchez-Acosta A, Desdín-Micó G, Picó S, Mrabti C, Montenegro-Borbolla E, Maroun CY, Haghani A, Brooke R, Del Carmen Maza M, Rechsteiner C, Battiston F, Branchina C, Perez K, Horvath S, Bertelli C, Sempoux C, Ocampo A. In vivo reprogramming leads to premature death linked to hepatic and intestinal failure. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1509-1520. [PMID: 38012287 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The induction of cellular reprogramming via expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM) can drive dedifferentiation of somatic cells and ameliorate age-associated phenotypes in multiple tissues and organs. However, the benefits of long-term in vivo reprogramming are limited by detrimental side-effects. Here, using complementary genetic approaches, we demonstrated that continuous induction of the reprogramming factors in vivo leads to hepatic and intestinal dysfunction resulting in decreased body weight and contributing to premature death (within 1 week). By generating a transgenic reprogrammable mouse strain, avoiding OSKM expression in both liver and intestine, we reduced the early lethality and adverse effects associated with in vivo reprogramming and induced a decrease in organismal biological age. This reprogramming mouse strain, which allows longer-term continuous induction of OSKM with attenuated toxicity, can help better understand rejuvenation, regeneration and toxicity during in vivo reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Parras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alba Vílchez-Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Desdín-Micó
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Picó
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Calida Mrabti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Montenegro-Borbolla
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Yacoub Maroun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amin Haghani
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - María Del Carmen Maza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheyenne Rechsteiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Battiston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Branchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPITERNA SA, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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19
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Zhang C, Saurat N, Cornacchia D, Chung SY, Sikder T, Minotti A, Studer L, Betel D. Identifying novel age-modulating compounds and quantifying cellular aging using novel computational framework for evaluating transcriptional age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547539. [PMID: 37461485 PMCID: PMC10349953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides access to most cell types and tissues. However, hPSC-derived lineages capture a fetal-stage of development and methods to accelerate progression to an aged identity are limited. Understanding the factors driving cellular age and rejuvenation is also essential for efforts aimed at extending human life and health span. A prerequisite for such studies is the development of methods to score cellular age and simple readouts to assess the relative impact of various age modifying strategies. Here we established a transcriptional score (RNAge) in young versus old primary fibroblasts, frontal cortex and substantia nigra tissue. We validated the score in independent RNA-seq datasets and demonstrated a strong cell and tissue specificity. In fibroblasts we observed a reset of RNAge during iPSC reprogramming while direct reprogramming of aged fibroblasts to induced neurons (iN) resulted in the maintenance of both a neuronal and a fibroblast aging signature. Increased RNAge in hPSC-derived neurons was confirmed for several age-inducing strategies such as SATB1 loss, progerin expression or chemical induction of senescence (SLO). Using RNAge as a probe set, we next performed an in-silico screen using the LINCS L1000 dataset. We identified and validated several novel age-inducing and rejuvenating compounds, and we observed that RNAage captures age-related changes associated with distinct cellular hallmarks of age. Our study presents a simple tool to score age manipulations and identifies compounds that greatly expand the toolset of age-modifying strategies in hPSC derived lineages.
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20
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Ohta S, Yamada Y. Exploring the potential of in vivo reprogramming for studying embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and organismal aging. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102067. [PMID: 37356342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Forced expression of a specific set of transcription factors can reprogram terminally differentiated cells and convert them into induced pluripotent stem cells that correspond to cells in the inner cell mass of the developing embryo. It is now recognized that the scope of the reprogramming factors extends far beyond the stem cell biology. Studies using mouse models demonstrated that the induction of the reprogramming factors promotes cellular reprogramming in vivo. Closer inspection of these mice has revealed that expression of the reprogramming factors results in unique consequences that are not seen when cells are reprogrammed ex vivo, and can provide insights into development, tissue regeneration, cancer, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Ohta
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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21
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Plesa AM, Shadpour M, Boyden E, Church GM. Transcriptomic reprogramming for neuronal age reversal. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1293-1302. [PMID: 37004545 PMCID: PMC10066999 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive multifaceted functional decline of a biological system. Chronic age-related conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases are leading causes of death worldwide, and they are becoming a pressing problem for our society. To address this global challenge, there is a need for novel, safe, and effective rejuvenation therapies aimed at reversing age-related phenotypes and improving human health. With gene expression being a key determinant of cell identity and function, and in light of recent studies reporting rejuvenation effects through genetic perturbations, we propose an age reversal strategy focused on reprogramming the cell transcriptome to a youthful state. To this end, we suggest using transcriptomic data from primary human cells to predict rejuvenation targets and develop high-throughput aging assays, which can be used in large perturbation screens. We propose neural cells as particularly relevant targets for rejuvenation due to substantial impact of neurodegeneration on human frailty. Of all cell types in the brain, we argue that glutamatergic neurons, neuronal stem cells, and oligodendrocytes represent the most impactful and tractable targets. Lastly, we provide experimental designs for anti-aging reprogramming screens that will likely enable the development of neuronal age reversal therapies, which hold promise for dramatically improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru M. Plesa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael Shadpour
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ed Boyden
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
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22
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Traxler L, Lucciola R, Herdy JR, Jones JR, Mertens J, Gage FH. Neural cell state shifts and fate loss in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:434-443. [PMID: 37268723 PMCID: PMC10478103 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease onset, with human biological ageing being the primary risk factor. In response to acute cellular damage and external stimuli, somatic cells undergo state shifts characterized by temporal changes in their structure and function that increase their resilience, repair cellular damage, and lead to their mobilization to counteract the pathology. This basic cell biological principle also applies to human brain cells, including mature neurons that upregulate developmental features such as cell cycle markers or glycolytic reprogramming in response to stress. Although such temporary state shifts are required to sustain the function and resilience of the young human brain, excessive state shifts in the aged brain might result in terminal fate loss of neurons and glia, characterized by a permanent change in cell identity. Here, we offer a new perspective on the roles of cell states in sustaining health and counteracting disease, and we examine how cellular ageing might set the stage for pathological fate loss and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of neuronal state and fate shifts might provide the means for a controlled manipulation of cell fate to promote brain resilience and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lucciola
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Herdy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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24
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Jones RG, Dimet-Wiley A, Haghani A, da Silva FM, Brightwell CR, Lim S, Khadgi S, Wen Y, Dungan CM, Brooke RT, Greene NP, Peterson CA, McCarthy JJ, Horvath S, Watowich SJ, Fry CS, Murach KA. A molecular signature defining exercise adaptation with ageing and in vivo partial reprogramming in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2023; 601:763-782. [PMID: 36533424 PMCID: PMC9987218 DOI: 10.1113/jp283836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise promotes functional improvements in aged tissues, but the extent to which it simulates partial molecular reprogramming is unknown. Using transcriptome profiling from (1) a skeletal muscle-specific in vivo Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2 and Myc (OKSM) reprogramming-factor expression murine model; (2) an in vivo inducible muscle-specific Myc induction murine model; (3) a translatable high-volume hypertrophic exercise training approach in aged mice; and (4) human exercise muscle biopsies, we collectively defined exercise-induced genes that are common to partial reprogramming. Late-life exercise training lowered murine DNA methylation age according to several contemporary muscle-specific clocks. A comparison of the murine soleus transcriptome after late-life exercise training to the soleus transcriptome after OKSM induction revealed an overlapping signature that included higher JunB and Sun1. Also, within this signature, downregulation of specific mitochondrial and muscle-enriched genes was conserved in skeletal muscle of long-term exercise-trained humans; among these was muscle-specific Abra/Stars. Myc is the OKSM factor most induced by exercise in muscle and was elevated following exercise training in aged mice. A pulse of MYC rewired the global soleus muscle methylome, and the transcriptome after a MYC pulse partially recapitulated OKSM induction. A common signature also emerged in the murine MYC-controlled and exercise adaptation transcriptomes, including lower muscle-specific Melusin and reactive oxygen species-associated Romo1. With Myc, OKSM and exercise training in mice, as well habitual exercise in humans, the complex I accessory subunit Ndufb11 was lower; low Ndufb11 is linked to longevity in rodents. Collectively, exercise shares similarities with genetic in vivo partial reprogramming. KEY POINTS: Advances in the last decade related to cellular epigenetic reprogramming (e.g. DNA methylome remodelling) toward a pluripotent state via the Yamanaka transcription factors Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2 and Myc (OKSM) provide a window into potential mechanisms for combatting the deleterious effects of cellular ageing. Using global gene expression analysis, we compared the effects of in vivo OKSM-mediated partial reprogramming in skeletal muscle fibres of mice to the effects of late-life murine exercise training in muscle. Myc is the Yamanaka factor most induced by exercise in skeletal muscle, and so we compared the MYC-controlled transcriptome in muscle to Yamanaka factor-mediated and exercise adaptation mRNA landscapes in mice and humans. A single pulse of MYC is sufficient to remodel the muscle methylome. We identify partial reprogramming-associated genes that are innately altered by exercise training and conserved in humans, and propose that MYC contributes to some of these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G. Jones
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Amin Haghani
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Francielly Morena da Silva
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Camille R. Brightwell
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sabin Khadgi
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physical Therapy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cory M. Dungan
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physical Therapy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Nicholas P. Greene
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Peterson
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physical Therapy, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stanley J. Watowich
- Ridgeline Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- University of Kentucky Center for Muscle Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin A. Murach
- University of Arkansas, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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25
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López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell 2023; 186:243-278. [PMID: 36599349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1204] [Impact Index Per Article: 1204.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is driven by hallmarks fulfilling the following three premises: (1) their age-associated manifestation, (2) the acceleration of aging by experimentally accentuating them, and (3) the opportunity to decelerate, stop, or reverse aging by therapeutic interventions on them. We propose the following twelve hallmarks of aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. These hallmarks are interconnected among each other, as well as to the recently proposed hallmarks of health, which include organizational features of spatial compartmentalization, maintenance of homeostasis, and adequate responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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26
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Abstract
'Age reprogramming' refers to the process by which the molecular and cellular pathways of a cell that are subject to age-related decline are rejuvenated without passage through an embryonic stage. This process differs from the rejuvenation observed in differentiated derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells, which involves passage through an embryonic stage and loss of cellular identity. Accordingly, the study of age reprogramming can provide an understanding of how ageing can be reversed while retaining cellular identity and the specialised function(s) of a cell, which will be of benefit to regenerative medicine. Here, we highlight recent work that has provided a more nuanced understanding of age reprogramming and point to some open questions in the field that might be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prim B. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, 5/1 Kerei Zhanibek Khandar Street, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan,Author for correspondence ()
| | - Assem Zhakupova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, 5/1 Kerei Zhanibek Khandar Street, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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27
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Babayev E, Xu M, Shea LD, Woodruff TK, Duncan FE. Follicle isolation methods reveal plasticity of granulosa cell steroidogenic capacity during mouse in vitro follicle growth. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6693628. [PMID: 36069625 PMCID: PMC9802420 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicles are the functional unit of the ovary and several methods have been developed to grow follicles ex vivo, which recapitulate key events of oogenesis and folliculogenesis. Enzymatic digestion protocols are often used to increase the yield of follicles from the ovary. However, the impact of these protocols on the outermost theca and granulosa cells, and thereby follicle function, is not well defined. To investigate the impact of enzymatic digestion on follicle function, we collected preantral follicles from CD1 mice either by enzymatic digestion (Enzy-FL) or mechanical isolation (Mech-FL) and compared follicle growth, steroidogenesis and cell differentiation within an encapsulated in vitro follicle growth system which maintains the 3D architecture of the oocyte and its surrounding somatic cells. Follicles were encapsulated in 0.5% alginate and cultured for 8 days. Compared with Enzy-FL, Mech-FL grew more rapidly and produced significantly higher levels of androstenedione, estradiol and progesterone. The expression of theca-interstitial cell marker genes, Cyp17a1, which encodes 17-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase and catalyzes the hydroxylation of pregnenolone and progesterone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and the conversion of these products into dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, and Star, which encodes a transport protein essential for cholesterol entry into mitochondria, were also higher in Mech-FL than in Enzy-FL. Mech-FL maintained an intact theca-interstitial layer on the outer edge of the follicle that phenocopied in vivo patterns as confirmed by alkaline phosphatase staining, whereas theca-interstitial cells were absent from Enzy-FL from the onset of culture. Therefore, preservation of the theca cell layer at the onset of culture better supports follicle growth and function. Interestingly, granulosa cells in the outermost layers of Enzy-FL expressed CYP17A1 by Day 4 of culture while maintaining inhibin α-subunit expression and a cuboidal nucleus. Thus, in the absence of theca-interstitial cells, granulosa cells have the potential to differentiate into androgen-producing cells. This work may have implications for human follicle culture, where enzymatic isolation is required owing to the density of the ovarian cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lonnie D Shea
- Member of the Oncofertility Consortium, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Institute of Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Correspondence address. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 10-109, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: (F.E.D.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 965 Wilson Road, Room A626B, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316, USA. E-mail: (T.K.W.)
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Correspondence address. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 10-109, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: (F.E.D.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, 965 Wilson Road, Room A626B, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316, USA. E-mail: (T.K.W.)
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