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Gu S, Zhu F, Zhang L, Wen J. Mid-Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acid Production via Systems Metabolic Engineering: Progress and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5555-5573. [PMID: 38442481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Mid-to-long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCAi, i ≥ 6) are organic compounds in which two carboxylic acid functional groups are present at the terminal position of the carbon chain. These acids find important applications as structural components and intermediates across various industrial sectors, including organic compound synthesis, food production, pharmaceutical development, and agricultural manufacturing. However, conventional petroleum-based DCA production methods cause environmental pollution, making sustainable development challenging. Hence, the demand for eco-friendly processes and renewable raw materials for DCA production is rising. Owing to advances in systems metabolic engineering, new tools from systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering can now be used for the sustainable production of energy-dense biofuels. Here, we explore systems metabolic engineering strategies for DCA synthesis in various chassis via the conversion of different raw materials into mid-to-long-chain DCAs. Subsequently, we discuss the future challenges in this field and propose synthetic biology approaches for the efficient production and successful commercialization of these acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Gu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian 116045, China
| | - Fuzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Dalian 116045, China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,China
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2
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Chen ZL, Yang LH, He SJ, Du YH, Guo DS. Development of a green fermentation strategy with resource cycle for the docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129434. [PMID: 37399951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The fermentation production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an industrial process with huge consumption of freshwater resource and nutrient, such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources. In this study, seawater and fermentation wastewater were introduced into the fermentation production of DHA, which could solve the problem of fermentation industry competing with humans for freshwater. In addition, a green fermentation strategy with pH control using waste ammonia, NaOH and citric acid as well as FW recycling was proposed. It could provide a stable external environment for cell growth and lipid synthesis while alleviating the dependence on organic nitrogen sources of Schizochytrium sp. It was proved that this strategy has good industrialization potential for DHA production, and the biomass, lipid and DHA yield reached to 195.8 g/L, 74.4 g/L and 46.4 g/L in 50 L bioreactor, respectively. This study provides a green and economic bioprocess technology for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lei Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Huang PW, Yan CX, Sun XM, Huang H. Economical downstream processing of microbial polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:857-859. [PMID: 36709095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important nutrients for humans and animals. Microorganisms, such as yeast, filamentous fungi, and microalgae, have successfully been modified to produce PUFAs. Apart from strain improvement and fermentation optimization, efficient and cost-effective downstream processing will determine whether production can advance from the laboratory to the factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Shi S, Chang Y, Yu J, Chen H, Wang Q, Bi Y. Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Novel Genes-Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Gene ( AlGGPPS) and Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate Isomerase Gene ( AlIDI)-from Aurantiochytrium limacinum Significantly Enhance De Novo β-Carotene Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040249. [PMID: 37103388 PMCID: PMC10141969 DOI: 10.3390/md21040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Precursor regulation has been an effective strategy to improve carotenoid production and the availability of novel precursor synthases facilitates engineering improvements. In this work, the putative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase encoding gene (AlGGPPS) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase encoding gene (AlIDI) from Aurantiochytrium limacinum MYA-1381 were isolated. We applied the excavated AlGGPPS and AlIDI to the de novo β-carotene biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli for functional identification and engineering application. Results showed that the two novel genes both functioned in the synthesis of β-carotene. Furthermore, AlGGPPS and AlIDI performed better than the original or endogenous one, with 39.7% and 80.9% increases in β-carotene production, respectively. Due to the coordinated expression of the 2 functional genes, β-carotene content of the modified carotenoid-producing E. coli accumulated a 2.99-fold yield of the initial EBIY strain in 12 h, reaching 10.99 mg/L in flask culture. This study helped to broaden current understanding of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in Aurantiochytrium and provided novel functional elements for carotenoid engineering improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinhui Yu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuping Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Abstract
Whole-cell microalgae biomass and their specific metabolites are excellent sources of renewable and alternative feedstock for various products. In most cases, the content and quality of whole-cell biomass or specific microalgal metabolites could be produced by both fresh and marine microalgae strains. However, a large water footprint for freshwater microalgae strain is a big concern, especially if the biomass is intended for non-food applications. Therefore, if any marine microalgae could produce biomass of desired quality, it would have a competitive edge over freshwater microalgae. Apart from biofuels, recently, microalgal biomass has gained considerable attention as food ingredients for both humans and animals and feedstock for different bulk chemicals. In this regard, several technologies are being developed to utilize marine microalgae in the production of food, feed, and biofuels. Nevertheless, the production of suitable and cheap biomass feedstock using marine microalgae has faced several challenges associated with cultivation and downstream processing. This review will explore the potential pathways, associated challenges, and future directions of developing marine microalgae biomass-based food, feed, and fuels (3F).
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Du Y, Tong L, Wang Y, Liu M, Yuan L, Mu X, He S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Guo D. Development of a kinetics‐integrated
CFD
model for the industrial scale‐up of
DHA
fermentation using
Schizochytrium
sp. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Hang Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Ling‐Ling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Meng‐Zhen Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Xin‐Ya Mu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Shao‐Jie He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Shi‐Xiang Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Yi‐Dan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Zi‐Lei Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology Urumqi Xinjiang China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhao C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yao M, Liu J. Effects of glycerol and glucose on docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in Aurantiochyrium limacinum SFD-1502 by transcriptome analysis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:81-92. [PMID: 35289738 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2042820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has numerous functions in adjusting the organic health and pragmatic value in medicine and food field. In this study, we compared glycerol and glucose as the only carbon source for DHA production by Aurantiochytrium. When the glycerol concentration was 120 g/L, the maximum DHA yield was 11.08 g/L, and the DHA yield increased significantly, reaching 47.67% of the total lipid content. When the cells grew in glucose, the DHA proportion was 37.39%. Transcriptome data showed that the glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle in Aurantiochytrium were significantly inhibited during glycerol culture, which promoted the tricarboxylic acid transport system and was conducive to the synthesis of fatty acids by acetyl coenzyme A; glucose as substrate activated fatty acid synthesis (FAS)pathway and produced more saturated fatty acids, while glycerol as substrate activated polyketide synthase (PKS)pathway and produced more long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This laid a foundation for fermentation metabolism regulation and molecular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiu Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Rahimzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. New Insights into the Gas Dispersion and Mass Transfer in Shear-Thinning Fluids Inside an Aerated Coaxial Mixer via Analysis of Flow Hydrodynamics and Shear Environment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahimzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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9
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Tang X, Man Y, Hu X, Xu X, Ren L. Identification of carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in Schizochytrium sp. and utilization in astaxanthin biosynthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 156:110018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Chi G, Xu Y, Cao X, Li Z, Cao M, Chisti Y, He N. Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by Schizochytrium (Aurantiochytrium) spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107897. [PMID: 34974158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diverse health benefits are associated with dietary consumption of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Traditionally, these fatty acids have been obtained from fish oil, but limited supply, variably quality, and an inability to sustainably increase production for a rapidly growing market, are driving the quest for alternative sources. DHA derived from certain marine protists (heterotrophic thraustochytrids) already has an established history of commercial production for high-value dietary use, but is too expensive for use in aquaculture feeds, a much larger potential market for ω-3 LC-PUFA. Sustainable expansion of aquaculture is prevented by its current dependence on wild-caught fish oil as the source of ω-3 LC-PUFA nutrients required in the diet of aquacultured animals. Although several thraustochytrids have been shown to produce DHA and EPA, there is a particular interest in Schizochytrium spp. (now Aurantiochytrium spp.), as some of the better producers. The need for larger scale production has resulted in development of many strategies for improving productivity and production economics of ω-3 PUFA in Schizochytrium spp. Developments in fermentation technology and metabolic engineering for enhancing LC-PUFA production in Schizochytrium spp. are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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11
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Exogenous Antioxidants Improve the Accumulation of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Schizochytrium sp. PKU#Mn4. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100559. [PMID: 34677458 PMCID: PMC8541261 DOI: 10.3390/md19100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Schizochytrium are well known for their remarkable ability to produce lipids intracellularly. However, during their lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably as byproducts, which if in excess results in lipid peroxidation. To alleviate such ROS-induced damage, seven different natural antioxidants (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, tea extract, melatonin, mannitol, sesamol, and butylated hydroxytoluene) were evaluated for their effects on the lipid accumulation in Schizochytrium sp. PKU#Mn4 using a fractional factorial design. Among the tested antioxidants, mannitol showed the best increment (44.98%) in total fatty acids concentration. However, the interaction effects of mannitol (1 g/L) and ascorbic acid (1 g/L) resulted in 2.26 ± 0.27 g/L and 1.45 ± 0.04 g/L of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA and PUFA), respectively, in batch fermentation. These concentrations were further increased to 7.68 ± 0.37 g/L (SFA) and 5.86 ± 0.03 g/L (PUFA) through fed-batch fermentation. Notably, the interaction effects yielded 103.7% and 49.6% increment in SFA and PUFA concentrations in batch fermentation. The possible mechanisms underlining those increments were an increased maximum growth rate of strain PKU#Mn4, alleviated ROS level, and the differential expression of lipid biosynthetic genes andupregulated catalase gene. This study provides an applicable strategy for improving the accumulation of SFA and PUFA in thraustochytrids by exogenous antioxidants and the underlying mechanisms.
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12
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Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids: A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Optimization of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium SP. – A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Rau EM, Aasen IM, Ertesvåg H. A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5931-5941. [PMID: 34292356 PMCID: PMC8390409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11425-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Ming Rau
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inga Marie Aasen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helga Ertesvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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15
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Alarcon C, Shene C. Fermentation 4.0, a case study on computer vision, soft sensor, connectivity, and control applied to the fermentation of a thraustochytrid. COMPUT IND 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compind.2021.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Pawar PR, Lali AM, Prakash G. Integration of continuous-high cell density-fed-batch fermentation for Aurantiochytrium limacinum for simultaneous high biomass, lipids and docosahexaenoic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124636. [PMID: 33513448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oil or biomass is currently being produced by fermentation of thraustochytrids by repeated fed-batch. Continuous cultivation has not been successful for DHA production because of excess carbon and limited nitrogen conditions requirement. The present study describes an alternative integrative fermentation strategy to simultaneously produce high cell density, lipids and DHA in continuous mode for Aurantiochytrium limacinum. The high cell density system (≥120 g/L DCW basis) on carbon feeding led to DHA productivity of 0.508 g/L.h on poultry waste based medium with a process time of 48-54 h. The strategy integrates the advantages of repeated fed-batch for high cell densities and DHA content in continuous cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik R Pawar
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Bartosova Z, Ertesvåg H, Nyfløt EL, Kämpe K, Aasen IM, Bruheim P. Combined Metabolome and Lipidome Analyses for In-Depth Characterization of Lipid Accumulation in the DHA Producing Aurantiochytrium sp. T66. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030135. [PMID: 33669117 PMCID: PMC7996494 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are marine heterotrophic microorganisms known for their potential to accumulate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched lipids. There have been many attempts to improve thraustochytrid DHA bioprocesses, especially through traditional optimization of cultivation and media conditions. Nevertheless, thraustochytrid-based bioprocesses are still not commercially competitive for high volume-low cost production of DHA. Thus, it is realized that genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are needed for the development of commercially competitive thraustochytrid DHA cell factories. Here, we present an analytical workflow for high resolution phenotyping at metabolite and lipid levels to generate deeper insight into the thraustochytrid physiology, with particular focus on central carbon and redox metabolism. We use time-series sampling during unlimited growth and nitrogen depleted triggering of DHA synthesis and lipid accumulation (LA) to show-case our methodology. The mass spectrometric absolute quantitative metabolite profiling covered glycolytic, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites, amino acids, complete (deoxy)nucleoside phosphate pools, CoA and NAD metabolites, while semiquantitative high-resolution supercritical fluid chromatography MS/MS was applied for the lipid profiling. Interestingly, trace amounts of a triacylglycerols (TG) with DHA incorporated in all three acyl positions was detected, while TGs 16:0_16:0_22:6 and 16:0_22:6_22:6 were among the dominant lipid species. The metabolite profiling data indicated that lipid accumulation is not limited by availability of the acyl chain carbon precursor acetyl-CoA nor reducing power (NADPH) but rather points to the TG head group precursor glycerol-3-phosphate as the potential cause at the metabolite level for the gradual decline in lipid production throughout the cultivation. This high-resolution phenotyping provides new knowledge of changes in the central metabolism during growth and LA in thraustochytrids and will guide target selection for metabolic engineering needed for further improvements of this DHA cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Z.B.); (H.E.); (E.L.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Helga Ertesvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Z.B.); (H.E.); (E.L.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Eirin Lishaugen Nyfløt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Z.B.); (H.E.); (E.L.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Kristoffer Kämpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Z.B.); (H.E.); (E.L.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Inga Marie Aasen
- Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 4730 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Z.B.); (H.E.); (E.L.N.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Sun XM, Xu YS, Huang H. Thraustochytrid Cell Factories for Producing Lipid Compounds. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:648-650. [PMID: 33199047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids can accumulate over 150 g/l biomass, containing up to 55% lipids, without any genetic modification. Their broad substrate utilization capacity, several effective key metabolic pathways, and a well-developed suite of bioprocess engineering strategies all point toward great promise for the future development of these marine protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Savchenko O, Xing J, Burrell M, Burrell R, Chen J. Impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the growth of Schizochytrium sp. for omega-3 production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:319-328. [PMID: 32949158 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. is a microalga that is known for its high content of oils or lipids. It has a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the accumulated oil, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is an important additive for the human diet. Large-scale production of Schizochytrium sp. can serve as an alternative source of DHA for humans as well as for fish feed, decreasing the burden on aqua systems. Therefore, research on improving the productivity of Schizochytrium attracts a lot of attention. We studied the potential of using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the growth cycle of Schizochytrium sp. in shake flasks. Different intensities and treatment durations were tested. A positive effect of LIPUS on biomass accumulation was observed in the Schizochytrium sp. culture. Specifically, LIPUS stimulation at the ultrasound intensity of 400 mW/cm2 with 20 min per treatment 10 times a day with equal intervals of 2.4 h between the treatments was found to enhance the growth of Schizochytrium biomass most effectively (by up to 20%). Due to the nature of cell division in Schizochytrium sp. which occurs via zoospore formation, LIPUS stimulation was inefficient if applied continuously during all 5 days of the growth cycle. Using microscopy, we studied the interval between zoospore formation in the culture and selected the optimal LIPUS application days (Days 0-1 and Days 4-5 of the 5-day growth cycle). Microscopic images have also shown that LIPUS stimulation enhances zoospore formation in Schizochytrium sp., leading to more active cell division in the culture. This study shows that LIPUS can serve as an additional tool for cost-efficiency improvement in the large-scale production of Schizochytrium as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of omega-3 (DHA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Savchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jida Xing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robert Burrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Efficient conversion of extracts from low-cost, rejected fruits for high-valued Docosahexaenoic acid production by Aurantiochytrium sp. SW1. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Lab-Scale Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Culture Medium for Improved Growth and DHA Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids have gained increasing relevance over the last decades, due to their fast growth and outstanding capacity to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this context, the present work aimed to optimize the growth performance and DHA yields by improving the culture medium of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043. Accordingly, two distinct culture media were optimized: (i) an inorganic optimized medium (IOM), containing only monosodium glutamate and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively; and (ii) an organic and sustainable waste-based optimized medium (WOM), containing corn steep powder and glycerol, added in fed-batch mode, as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Overall, the lab-scale optimization allowed to increase the biomass yield 1.5-fold and enhance DHA content 1.7-fold using IOM. Moreover, WOM enabled a 2-fold increase in biomass yield and a significant improvement in lipid contents, from 22.78% to 31.14%. However, DHA content was enhanced almost 3-fold, from an initial content of 10.12% to 29.66% of total fatty acids contained in the biomass. Therefore, these results strongly suggest, not only that the production pipeline was significantly improved but also confirmed the potential use of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043 as a source of DHA.
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Liu X, Yan Y, Zhao P, Song J, Yu X, Wang Z, Xia J, Wang X. Oil crop wastes as substrate candidates for enhancing erythritol production by modified Yarrowia lipolytica via one-step solid state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122194. [PMID: 31585340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil crop wastes are attractive feedstocks in microbial processes due to their low cost. However, the product yields can be limited by their undesirable nitrogen surplus. Present study proposed a one-step solid state fermentation (SSF) method for producing erythritol from unrefined oil crop wastes using a modified strain Y. lipolytica M53-S. Enhanced erythritol production (185.4 mg/gds) was obtained from peanut press cake mixed with 40% sesame meal and 10% waste cooking oil. The process was performed at pH 4.0 in 5 L flasks, with initial moisture content, NaCl addition, and inoculum size of 70%, 0.02 g/gds, and 7.5 × 104 cells/gds, respectively. This procedure showed advantages in terms of lower material cost than that of submerged fermentation and shorter culture cycle (96 h) than other SSF processes. In repeated-batch fermentation, erythritol was continuously produced for seven cycles. This study presents a feasible approach in developing an efficient erythritol cultivation from nitrogen-rich wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China.
| | - Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Pusu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jie Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xinjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
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24
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Cui G, Wang Z, Hong W, Liu YJ, Chen Z, Cui Q, Song X. Enhancing tricarboxylate transportation-related NADPH generation to improve biodiesel production by Aurantiochytrium. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Wang F, Bi Y, Diao J, Lv M, Cui J, Chen L, Zhang W. Metabolic engineering to enhance biosynthesis of both docosahexaenoic acid and odd-chain fatty acids in Schizochytrium sp. S31. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:141. [PMID: 31182976 PMCID: PMC6555965 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs, C15:0 and C17:0) have attracted great interest, since they have been widely used in food and therapeutic industries, as well as chemical industry, such as biodiesel production and improvement. The oil-producing heterotrophic microalgae Schizochytrium sp. 31 is one of main DHA-producing strains. Recently, it was found that Schizochytrium can also synthesize OCFAs; however, contents and titers of DHA and OCFAs in Schizochytrium are still low, which limit its practical application. RESULTS In this study, we found that acetyl-CoA carboxylase suffered from a feedback inhibition by C16-CoA in Schizochytrium, and relief of the inhibition resulted in improved both lipid content and the ratio of OCFAs in total fatty acids. Based on this finding, a novel strategy for elevating both DHA and OCFAs contents was established. First, the total lipid accumulation was increased by overexpressing a malic enzyme from Crypthecodinium cohnii to elevate NADPH supply. Second, the inhibition effect on acetyl-CoA carboxylase was relieved by overexpressing a codon-optimized ELO3 gene from Mortierella alpina, which encodes an elongase enzyme responsible for converting C16 into C18 fatty acids. After the above two-step engineering, contents of DHA and OCFAs were increased by 1.39- and 3.30-fold, reaching a level of 26.70 and 25.08% of dry cell weight, respectively, which are the highest contents reported so far for Schizochytrium. The titers of DHA and OCFAs were elevated by 1.08- and 2.57-fold, reaching a level of 3.54 and 3.32 g/L, respectively. Notably, the OCFAs titer achieved was 2.66-fold higher than the highest reported in Escherichia coli (1.25 g/L), implying potential value for industry application. To reveal the potential metabolic mechanism for the enhanced biosynthesis of both DHA and OCFAs, LC-MS metabolomic analysis was employed and the results showed that the pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolysis pathway were strengthened and intracellular propionyl-CoA concentration were also significantly increased in the engineered Schizochytrium, suggesting an increased supply of NADPH, acetyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA for DHA and OCFAs accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The discovery provides a new source of OCFAs production, and proposes a new strategy to improve contents and titers of both DHA and OCFAs in Schizochytrium. These will be valuable for improving commercial potential of Schizochytrium and guiding the engineering strategy in other fatty acids producing heterotrophic microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhong Wang
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Bi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Diao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Cui
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 People’s Republic of China
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Guo DS, Ji XJ, Ren LJ, Yin FW, Sun XM, Huang H, Zhen G. Development of a multi-stage continuous fermentation strategy for docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:32-39. [PMID: 30149252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has wide-ranging benefits for normal development of the visual and nervous systems in infants. A sustainable source of DHA production through fermentation using Schizochytrium sp. has been developed. In this paper, we present the discovery of growth-uncoupled DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. and the development of corresponding kinetic models of fed-batch fermentations, which can be used to describe and predict the cell growth and substrate utilization as well as lipid and DHA production. Based on this kinetic model, a predictive model of multi-stage continuous fermentation process was established and used to analyze, optimize and design the process parameters. Optimal predicted processes of two-stage and three-stage continuous fermentation were developed and verified in lab-scale bioreactor based on the predicted process parameters. A successful three-stage continuous fermentation was achieved, which increased the lipid, DHA content and DHA productivity by 47.6, 64.3 and 97.1%, respectively, compared with two-stage continuous fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Wei Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Liu L, Wang F, Yang J, Li X, Cui J, Liu J, Shi M, Wang K, Chen L, Zhang W. Nitrogen Feeding Strategies and Metabolomic Analysis To Alleviate High-Nitrogen Inhibition on Docosahexaenoic Acid Production in Crypthecodinium cohnii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10640-10650. [PMID: 30226986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that high-nitrogen content inhibits cell growth and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis in heterotrophic microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii. In this study, two nitrogen feeding strategies, pulse-feeding and continuous-feeding, were evaluated to alleviate high-nitrogen inhibition effects on C. cohnii. The results showed that continuous-feeding with a medium solution containing 50% ( w/v) yeast extract at 2.1 mL/h during 12-96 h was the optimal nitrogen feeding strategy for the fermentation process, when glucose concentration was maintained at 15-27 g/L during the same period. With the optimized strategy, 71.2 g/L of dry cell weight and DHA productivity of 57.1 mg/L/h were achieved. In addition, metabolomic analysis was applied to determine the metabolic changes during different nitrogen feeding conditions, and the changes in amino acids, polysaccharides, purines, and pentose phosphate pathway were observed, providing valuable metabolite-level information for exploring the mechanism of the high-nitrogen inhibition effect and further improving DHA productivity in C. cohnii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsen Liu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China
| | - Xingrui Li
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Jinyu Cui
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Mengliang Shi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Kang Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- SynBio Research Platform , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China
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28
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Yin FW, Guo DS, Ren LJ, Ji XJ, Huang H. Development of a method for the valorization of fermentation wastewater and algal-residue extract in docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:482-487. [PMID: 29990764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation wastewater (FW) and algal residue are major by-products of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fermentations utilizing Schizochytrium sp. In order to reduce production costs and environmental pollution, we explored the application of FW and algal-residue extract (AE) for DHA production. Components analysis showed that FW and AE contained some mineral elements and protein residues, respectively. When they were used for DHA fermentation, results showed that 20% replacement of fresh water by FW and 80% replacement of yeast extract nitrogen by AE reached DHA content of 22.23 g/L and 27.10 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, a novel medium that utilizes a mixture of FW and AE was applied for DHA fermentation, whereby the final DHA yield reached 28.45 g/L, 24.56% higher than conventional medium. The strategy of valorizing fermentation waste provides a new method for reducing the costs and reducing environmental pollution of microbial fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Yin
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Meng T, Ling X, Li J, Zheng C, Shi Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Li Q, Lu Y, He N. Overexpression of Malonyl-CoA: ACP Transacylase in Schizochytrium sp. to Improve Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5382-5391. [PMID: 29722541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been widely applied in the food and medical industry. In this study, malonyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (MAT) was overexpressed through homologous recombination to improve PUFA production in Schizochytrium. The results showed that the lipid and PUFA concentration were increased by 10.1 and 24.5% with MAT overexpression, respectively. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the intracellular tricarboxylic acid cycle was weakened and glucose absorption was accelerated in the engineered strain. In the mevalonate pathway, intracellular carotene content was decreased, and the carbon flux was then redirected toward PUFA synthesis. Furthermore, a glucose fed-batch fermentation was finally performed with the engineered Schizochytrium. The total lipid yield was further increased to 110.5 g/L, 39.6% higher than the wild strain. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid yield were enhanced to 47.39 g/L and 1.65 g/L with an increase of 81.5 and 172.5%, respectively. This study provided an effective metabolic engineering strategy for industrial PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Chuqiang Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenqi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , P.R. China
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