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Meng Z, Wang L, Mo R, Zheng K, Li W, Lu Y, Qin C. Nitrogen doped magnetic porous carbon derived from starch of oatmeal for efficient activation peroxymonosulfate to degradation sulfadiazine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125579. [PMID: 37379945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen doped magnetic porous carbon catalyst based on starch of oatmeal was obtained by mixing and pyrolysis process, and its catalytic activity of peroxymonosulfate activation for sulfadiazine degradation was evaluated. When ratio of oatmeal/urea/iron was 1: 2: 0.1, CN@Fe-10 had the best catalytic activity to degrade sulfadiazine. Around 97.8 % removal of 20 mg L-1 sulfadiazine was achieved under incorporating of 0.05 g L-1 catalyst and 0.20 g L-1 peroxymonosulfate. Good adaptability, stability and universality of CN@Fe-10 were verified under different conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching test suggested that surface-bound reactive oxides species and singlet oxygen were the main reactive oxides species in this reaction. Electrochemical analysis indicated that CN@Fe-10 had a good electrical conductivity and electron transferred did occur among CN@Fe-10 surface, peroxymonosulfate and sulfadiazine. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that Fe0, Fe3C, pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen were the potential active sites for peroxymonosulfate activation. Therefore, the work provided a practical approach for recycling biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Meng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Ruixing Mo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Kewang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China; Key Laboratory for Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China.
| | - Yunlai Lu
- Hubei Yunlai Plastic Technology Co., Ltd., Xiaogan, China
| | - Caiqin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China; Key Laboratory for Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology of Hubei Province, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu S, Cheng J, Guo A, Fan G. Architecture and active motif engineering of N-CoS 2@C yolk-shell nanoreactor for boosted tetracycline removal via peroxymonosulfate activation: Performance, mechanism and destruction pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121761. [PMID: 37149250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rational construction of yolk-shell architecture with regulated binding configuration is crucially important but challengeable for antibiotic degradation via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, we report the utilization of yolk-shell hollow architecture consisted of nitrogen-doped cobalt pyrite integrated carbon spheres (N-CoS2@C) as PMS activator to boost tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. The creation of yolk-shell hollow structure and nitrogen-regulated active site engineering of CoS2 endow the resulted N-CoS2@C nanoreactor with high activity for PMS activating toward TCH degradation. Intriguingly, the N-CoS2@C nanoreactor exhibits an optimal degradation performance with a rate constant of 0.194 min-1 toward TCH via PMS activation. The 1O2 and SO4•- species are demonstrated as the dominant active substances for TCH degradation through quenching experiments and electron spin resonance characterization. The possible degradation mechanism, intermediates and degradation pathways for TCH removal over the N-CoS2@C/PMS nanoreactor are unveiled. Graphitic N, sp2-hybrid carbon, oxygenated group (C-OH) and Co species are verified as the possible catalytic sites of N-CoS2@C for PMS activation toward TCH removal. This study offers a unique strategy to engineer sulfides as highly efficient and promising PMS activators for antibiotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Jiaxing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - An Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Guangyin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China.
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Ndayiragije S, Wang N, Tang H, Zhu L. Advanced oxidative degradation of sulfamethoxazole by using bowl-like FeCuS@Cu 2S@Fe 0 catalyst to efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:348-364. [PMID: 36503762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel hierarchical bowl-like FeCuS@Cu2S@Fe0 nanohybrid catalyst (B-FeCuS@Cu2S@Fe0) was synthesized for removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) through catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was found that this catalyst exhibited excellently high catalytic activity. Under optimized reaction conditions, all the added SMX (12 mg/L) could be completely degraded within 5 min. The SMX degradation followed pseudo first order kinetics with a rate constant k of 0.89 min-1, being 1.38, 4.51, 8.99 and 35.6 times greater than that of other catalysts including Fe0 (0.644 min-1 in the very initial stage), bowl-like iron-doped CuS (B-FeCuS, 0.197 min-1), bowl-like CuS (B-CuS, 0.099 min-1) and Cu2O (0.025 min-1), respectively. During the degradation, several reactive oxygen species (·OH, SO4·- and 1O2) were generated with ·OH as the main one as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. The SMX degradation in the present system included both radical and non-radical mediated processes. A possible mechanistic insight of the PMS activation by bowl Fe0 decorated CuS@Cu2S-based catalyst was proposed according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis, and the degradation pathway of SMX was speculated by monitoring the degradation intermediates with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sylvestre Ndayiragije
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Heqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Efficient and comparative adsorption of trinitrotoluene on MOF MIL-100(Fe)-derived porous carbon/Fe composite adsorbents with rod-like morphology: behavior, mechanism, and new perspectives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Meng Z, Mo R, Wang Q, Zheng K, Li W, Qin C. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from graphite of solid waste for activating peroxymonosulfate to degradation tetracycline. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zheng K, Xiao L. Iron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from natural cellulose of wood activating peroxymonosulfate for degradation of tetracycline: Role of delignification and mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2041-2053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yin Y, Liu M, Shi L, Zhang S, Hirani RAK, Zhu C, Chen C, Yuan A, Duan X, Wang S, Sun H. Highly dispersive Ru confined in porous ultrathin g-C 3N 4 nanosheets as an efficient peroxymonosulfate activator for removal of organic pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128939. [PMID: 35483264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ru species were loaded on a two-dimensional (2D) material of graphitic carbon nitride (2D g-C3N4) to serve as the efficient AOP catalysts. The catalytic activity was closely related to the dispersion degree of Ru, as determined by the inherent nanoarchitecture of the supporting material. Ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets with a unique porous structure were fabricated by further thermally oxidizing and etching bulk g-C3N4 (bCN) in air. Homogeneous dispersion of Ru species was successfully achieved on the porous few-layered g-C3N4 nanosheets (pCN) by stirring, washing, freeze drying and annealing processes to obtain Ru-pCN catalysts, whereas bCN or multilayered g-C3N4 (mCN) led to the aggregation of Ru nanoparticles in Ru-bCN and Ru-mCN materials. The conventional impregnation method also caused the resulting Ru-pCN-imp catalyst with undesirable Ru aggregation in spite of employing pCN. The optimal 4.4Ru-pCN removed 100% of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) within only 3 min, superior to its counterpart samples, and exhibited remarkable degradation efficiencies for methyl orange, neutral red, 4-chlorophenol, tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Mechanistic studies suggested that four radicals, e.g., •OH, SO4• -, O2• - and 1O2 were generated during the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, in which SO4• - and 1O2 played a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Mengxuan Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | | | - Chengzhang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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Erdem H, Erdem M. Ciprofloxacin Degradation with Persulfate Activated with the Synergistic Effect of the Activated Carbon and Cobalt Dual Catalyst. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yao Y, Hu H, Yin H, Ma Z, Tao Z, Qiu Y, Wang S. Pyrite-embedded porous carbon nanocatalysts assembled in polyvinylidene difluoride membrane for organic pollutant oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:2942-2954. [PMID: 34839917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
FeS2-embedded in porous carbon (FeS2/C) was prepared by simultaneous sulfidation and carbonization of an iron-based metal-organic framework precursor, and subsequently immobilized in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (FeS2/C@PVDF) for organics removal via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The composition, structure, and morphology of the FeS2/C@PVDF membrane were extensively characterized. Scanning electron microscopy images manifest that the FeS2/C nanoparticles with an average diameter of 40 nm are assembled on the external and internal membrane surface. The as-prepared FeS2/C@PVDF membrane exhibits excellent performances over a wide pH range of 1.53-9.50, exceeding carbon-free syn-FeS2@PVDF. The effective degradation could be improved by inner pyrite FeS2 cores and thus enhanced the electron transfer between carbon shell and PMS. Electron paramagnetic resonance and quenching experiments elucidated that radical (HO∙, SO4∙-) and nonradical (1O2) species were the predominant reactive oxidants. In addition, FeS2/C@PVDF exhibited high stability with low Fe leaching (0.377 mg/L) owing to the effective protection of the outer carbon skeleton. Plentiful porosity of PVDF membranes not only affords a controlled size and confined uniform distribution of the immobilized FeS2/C nanoparticles, but also enables a persistent exposure of active sites and enhanced mass transfer efficiency. Our findings demonstrate a promise for utilizing the novel FeS2/C@PVDF membrane as an efficient catalyst for the environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongyu Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenshan Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhongming Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yongjie Qiu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Yao Y, Hu H, Zheng H, Hu H, Tang Y, Liu X, Wang S. Nonprecious bimetallic Fe, Mo-embedded N-enriched porous biochar for efficient oxidation of aqueous organic contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126776. [PMID: 34399226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Fe- and Mo-embedded N-enriched porous biochar (Fe-Mo@N-BC) is developed and serves as a cost-effective and highly efficient catalyst for mineralization of non-biodegradation organic contaminants. Fe-Mo@N-BC was prepared by pyrolysis of complex Fe/Mo -containing precursors. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental mapping suggested that Fe and Mo are uniformly dispersed in nitrogen-doped biochar with hierarchical mesopores. In comparison to Fe@N-BC and Mo@N-BC, Fe-Mo@N-BC exhibited a superior activity for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The stable activity was ascribed to N-doping and synergistic effect of Fe and Mo species, where both Fe-Nx and Mo-Nx can simultaneously serve as the active sites and N-BC can act as a carrier and an activator as well as an electron mediator. Electron paramagnetic resonance and quenching experiments indicated that HO•, O2•- and 1O2 were responsible for organic degradation. The effects of PMS dosage, initial Orange II concentration, temperature, solution pH, coexisting anions and humic acids on organic degradation were also investigated. With the assistance of an external magnet, Fe-Mo@N-BC can be easily separated after reaction and remains stable in the reusability tests. This work demonstrates a feasible strategy towards the fabrication of Fe, Mo-embedded N-enriched porous biochar catalysts for the detoxification of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongda Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yinghao Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Cheng J, Wei N, Wang Y, Long Y, Fan G. Direct transformation of bulk cobalt foam into cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for peroxymonosulfate activation toward rhodamine B degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Yao Y, Liu X, Hu H, Tang Y, Hu H, Ma Z, Wang S. Synthesis and characterization of iron-nitrogen-doped biochar catalysts for organic pollutant removal and hexavalent chromium reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:334-346. [PMID: 34923271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fe, N atoms deposited on porous biochar (Fe-N@BC) composites were synthesized and employed as an efficient catalyst for organic pollutant removal and CrVI reduction. Naturally abundant, renewable and N-rich pomelo peel as a carbon and nitrogen source and unsubstituted phthalocyanine/iron phthalocyanine complexes as a Fe and nitrogen resource were used to develop the Fe-N@BC via a carbonization process. It is found that Fe-N@BC hybrids have homogeneous dispersion of Fe and N atoms on 3D hierarchically porous biochar, which significantly improves the performance toward the detoxification of organic pollutants using peroxymonosulfate as an oxidant, as well as the reduction of hexavalent chromium by formic acid as a reductant. Furthermore, the effects of Fe loading and pyrolytic temperature on catalysis were comprehensively analyzed and optimized. The excellent activity of Fe-N@BC in acid media can be attributed to the high dispersion of Fe species, high content of doped nitrogen as well as hierarchical micro-mesopores, which induce to expose more active sites for catalysis. Owing to the structure-enabled acidic stability, Fe-N@BC efficiently retains its activity as well as its structural stability after several cycles of reactions. This work provides a new approach to construct Fe, N-doped biochar as an effective catalyst for the detoxification of organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yinghao Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenshan Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Tunxi Road 193, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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