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Zhao T, Sun H, Ji S, Yang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen C, Lu B. The Effect of Whey Protein Isolate Hydrolysate on Digestive Properties of Phytosterol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12738-12751. [PMID: 38788151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterol (PS) is a steroid, and its bioavailability can be enhanced by interacting with protein in the C-24 hydroxyl group. The interaction between sterols and amino acid residues in proteins can be enhanced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Phytosterol and whey insulation hydrolysates (WPH1-4) fabricated by the Alcalase enzyme at different enzymatic hydrolysis times were selected as delivery systems to simulate sterol C-24 hydroxyl group interaction with protein. Increasing hydrolysis time can promote the production of β-Lg, which raises the ratio of β-turn in the secondary structure and promotes the formation of interaction between WPH and PS. The correlation coefficient between hydrogen bonds and encapsulation efficiency (EE) and bioaccessibility is 0.91 and 0.88 (P < 0.05), respectively, indicating that hydrogen bonds of two components significantly influenced the combination by concealing the hydrophobic amino acids and some residues, which improved PS EE and bioavailability by 3.03 and 2.84 times after PS was combined with the WPI hydrolysate. These findings are expected to enhance the absorption of PS and other macromolecules by protein enzymatic hydrolysis to broaden their applications for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd., Yichun 336000, China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Pang Z, Sun M, Li B, Bourouis I, Chen C, Huang Y, Liu X, Wang P. Morphology, surface characteristics and tribological properties of whey protein/chitosan composite particles and their fat replacing effect in O/W emulsion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129301. [PMID: 38211919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) and chitosan were used to fabricate WPI/chitosan composite particles at temperatures of 75 °C (WPI/chitosan-75) and 95 °C (WPI/chitosan-95). The morphologic structure, surface properties, and the resulting tribological characteristics of the particles were investigated. The composite particles showed larger particle size than pure WPI particles (WPI-75) (~ 509 nm), with WPI/chitosan-95 the largest (932 nm). WPI/chitosan-75 showed complete core-shell structure from microstructure results. The dispersion of WPI/chitosan-75 exhibited higher surface hydrophobicity but lower viscosity compared to WPI/chitosan-95. Tribological analysis revealed that WPI/chitosan composite particles showed dramatically lower friction coefficient (μ) than pure WPI particles at sliding speed <10 mm/s and WPI/chitosan-75 demonstrated superior lubrication effects. With the presence of artificial saliva, the μ of WPI-75 was greatly lowered at sliding speed <16 mm/s, while the values of WPI/chitosan-75 only showed a slight decrease at sliding speed <1 mm/s. Chitosan might have played the similar role as artificial saliva in lubricating on the hydrophobic surface. Moreover, the incorporation of 0.5 % WPI/chitosan-75 in the low-fat (5 %) oil-in-water emulsion led to even lower μ than full-fat (20 %) emulsion at sliding speed <10 mm/s. Hence, WPI/chitosan-75 exhibited promising potential as a fat replacement and biolubricant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Pang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mengya Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Borui Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Imane Bourouis
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cunshe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Yu H, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Liu L, Wang L, Cao J, Sun Y, He J, Pan D, Cai Z, Xia Q. Tunability of Pickering particle features of whey protein isolate via remodeling partial unfolding during ultrasonication-assisted complexation with chitosan/chitooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121583. [PMID: 38008470 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential of ultrasonication-driven molecular self-assembly of whey protein isolate (WPI) with chitosan (CS)/chitooligosaccharide (COS) to stabilize Pickering emulsions was examined, based on CS/COS ligands-induced partial unfolding in remodeling the Pickering particles features. Multi-spectral analysis suggested obvious changes in conformational structures of WPI due to interaction with CS/COS, with significantly higher unfolding degrees of WPI induced by COS. Non-covalent interactions were identified as the major forces for WPI-CS/COS conjugates. Ultrasonication enhanced electrostatic interaction between CS's -NH3 groups and WPI's -COO- groups which improved emulsification activity and storability of WPI-COS stabilized Pickering emulsion. This was attributed to increased surface hydrophobicity and decreased particle size compared to WPI-CS associated with differential unfolding degrees induced by different saccharide ligands. CLSM and SEM consistently observed smaller emulsion droplets in WPI-COS complexes than WPI-CS/COS particles tightly adsorbed at the oil-water interface. The electrostatic self-assembly of WPI with CS/COS greatly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of quercetin than those stabilized by WPI alone and ultrasound further improved encapsulation efficiency. This corresponded well with the quantitative affinity parameters between quercetin and WPI-CS/COS complexes. This investigation revealed the great potential of glycan ligands-induced conformational transitions of extrinsic physical disruption in tuning Pickering particle features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yangyin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhendong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Meskelis L, F Agondi R, Duarte LGR, de Carvalho MD, Sato ACK, Picone CSF. New approaches for modulation of alginate-chitosan delivery properties. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113737. [PMID: 38129047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer widely used on delivery systems when bioactive protection at acidic pH is required, while chitosan can enhance mucoadhesion and controlled release at alkaline pHs. In this work, alginate ionotropic gelation and electrostatic complexation to chitosan were evaluated concomitantly or in a two-step approach to improve the delivery properties of systems in different pHs. The effect of pH on alginate gelation and chitosan interactions were also evaluated. Alginate microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation in CaCl2 at different pH values (2.5 and 6.0) by extrusion. Complexation with chitosan was carried out during alginate ionotropic gelation (one-step approach) or after alginate gel formation (two-step approach). Alginate microparticles without chitosan showed larger pores and lower mechanical strength. Extruded microspheres at pH 6.0 were more stable to pH and showed smaller pores than the formed at pH 2.5. One-step production retained a large amount of bioactive at pH 7.0 and resulted in lower release at the pH of intestinal digestion. The two-step approach retained less amount of bioactive but confer more protection to the pH of the stomach phase and higher release in pH of the intestinal phase than one-step samples. These results indicate that the formation of alginate gels by ionotropic gelation followed by the complexation with chitosan (in two-step) is promising for the transport and delivery of bioactives into intestinal conditions, whereas the ionotropic gelation concomitantly to electrostatic complexation (one-step approach) is indicated to the delivery of bioactives into lower pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Meskelis
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Agondi
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa G R Duarte
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus D de Carvalho
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla K Sato
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina S F Picone
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Yang Z, Li Z, Xu Z, Kong Z, Qiao X, Zhang L, Dai L, Wang Y, Sun Q, McClements DJ, Xu X. Properties of Heat-Assisted pH Shifting and Compounded Chitosan from Insoluble Rice Peptide Precipitate and Its Application in the Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsions. Foods 2023; 12:4384. [PMID: 38137189 PMCID: PMC10742475 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin exhibits antioxidant and antitumor properties, but its poor chemical stability limits its application. Insoluble peptide precipitates formed by proteolysis of rice glutelin are usually discarded, resulting in resource waste. The coupled treatment of heat-assisted pH shifting and compounded chitosan (CS) was used to fabricate rice peptide aggregate-chitosan complexes (RPA-CS). The structure, interfacial behavior, emulsion properties, and digestibility of curcumin-loaded RPA-CS Pickering emulsions were investigated. Increasing the CS concentration led to lower interfacial tension but larger particle size, and the three-phase contact angle of the RPA-CS complexes approached 90°. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) indicated that RPA-CS complexes with 6 g·kg-1 of CS (RPA-CS6) had the highest K1 (0.592 × 106 Hz-1) and K4 (0.487 × 106 Hz-1), suggesting that the softest interfacial layers were formed. The solid-liquid balance of RPA-RPA-CS emulsions was lower than 0.5, declaring that they had more elastic behavior than that of RPA emulsions. RPA-RPA-CS4-and RPA-CS6 emulsions had better storage stability, lower FFA release (79.8% and 76.3%, respectively), and higher curcumin bioaccessibility (65.2% and 68.2%, respectively) than RPA emulsions. This study showed that a low-value insoluble rice peptide precipitate could be used as a valuable emulsifier in foods, which may increase the economics and sustainability of the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zitong Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhihao Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Z.X.); (Z.K.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (L.D.); (Y.W.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
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Cheung KM, Chong HL, Jiang Z, Ngai T. Water-resistance chitosan film through enzymatic treatment and layer-by-layer assembly with bacterial cellulose for food packaging materials. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7696-7707. [PMID: 37664963 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of plastic packaging has led to significant environmental contamination due to excessive reliance on petrochemicals and the inherent non-biodegradability of these materials. Both bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan (CT) films offer a promising option for food packaging purposes due to their sturdy mechanical strength, biodegradability, environmentally friendly manufacturing process, and non-toxic composition. However, the considerable moisture absorption capacity of these eco-friendly materials has hindered their extensive use, as it leads to a reduction in their strength and ability to serve as a barrier. In the present study, we introduced a composite material of BC reinforced with a lauryl gallate grafted CT coating. After grafting CT with lauryl gallate (CT-LG) through enzymatic modification, it showed excellent hydrophobic properties also in a green route of chemistry synthesis. Based on the results of the study, the duration of the water droplet test of the pure CT-LG film and BC coated with CT-LG (BC/CT-LG) films was more than 15 min, showing that water droplets can be completely blocked by the CT-LG coating without water penetration. For the mechanical properties, the wet flexural strength and wet tensile strength of BC/CT-LG films have improved 400% and 70% compared with the original BC. This method produces a composite material with enhanced hydrophobicity and green properties and shows great potential for use in drinking straws or packaging bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hio Lam Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhuolun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Fuciños C, Rodríguez-Sanz A, García-Caamaño E, Gerbino E, Torrado A, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Rúa ML. Microfluidics potential for developing food-grade microstructures through emulsification processes and their application. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113086. [PMID: 37689862 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The food sector continues to face challenges in developing techniques to increase the bioavailability of bioactive chemicals. Utilising microstructures capable of encapsulating diverse compounds has been proposed as a technological solution for their transport both in food and into the gastrointestinal tract. The present review discusses the primary elements that influence the emulsification process in microfluidic systems to form different microstructures for food applications. In microfluidic systems, reactions occur within small reaction channels (1-1000 μm), using small amounts of samples and reactants, ca. 102-103 times less than conventional assays. This geometry provides several advantages for emulsion and encapsulating structure production, like less waste generation, lower cost and gentle assays. Also, from a food application perspective, it allows the decrease in particle dispersion, resulting in a highly repeatable and efficient synthesis method that also improves the palatability of the food products into which the encapsulates are incorporated. However, it also entails some particular requirements. It is important to obtain a low Reynolds number (Re < approx. 250) for greater precision in droplet formation. Also, microfluidics requires fluid viscosity typically between 0.3 and 1400 mPa s at 20 °C. So, it is a challenge to find food-grade fluids that can operate at the micro-scale of these systems. Microfluidic systems can be used to synthesise different food-grade microstructures: microemulsions, solid lipid microparticles, microgels, or self-assembled structures like liposomes, niosomes, or polymersomes. Besides, microfluidics is particularly useful for accurately encapsulating bacterial cells to control their delivery and release on the action site. However, despite the significant advancement in these systems' development over the past several years, developing and implementing these systems on an industrial scale remains challenging for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Fuciños
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Sanz
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Esther García-Caamaño
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Esteban Gerbino
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Ana Torrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA-1900, Argentina.
| | - María L Rúa
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Lin J, Lin Q, Zhu L, Xie X, Li Y, Li L. Structural properties of Phoenix oolong tea polysaccharide conjugates and the interfacial stability in nanoemulsions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5145-5155. [PMID: 36988338 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea polysaccharide conjugate (TPC) is a naturally occurring active substance that is extracted from tea. Owing to its benefits in enhancing human immunity and antioxidant effects, TPC is widely used in culinary products. The binding mode of polysaccharides and proteins in TPC, however, has not been well studied; it may be closely related to their functional properties, especially emulsification. RESULTS The molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions of TPC were determined by ion chromatography and high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Although the functional groups of polysaccharides and proteins were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, the presence of proteins could not be detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. It was hypothesized that the hydrophobic groups of the proteins in TPC were wrapped by polysaccharide chains, thus making the proteins undetectable. The rheology and interfacial protein adsorption results show that TPC forms a viscoelastic film at the oil-water interface to prevent the aggregation of oil droplets, thereby enhancing the stability of the emulsion. Based on these structural and emulsifying properties of TPC, the binding mode of polysaccharides and proteins along with their phase behavior at the oil-water interface of the emulsion was speculated. CONCLUSION In TPC, the hydrophilic groups of the proteins are linked to polysaccharides by covalent interactions, where the hydrophobic groups are wrapped with the polysaccharide chains with the help of hydrophobic forces to form a hydrophobic core. The unique binding of polysaccharides and proteins in TPC enhances its amphiphilic properties, which can be effectively distributed at the oil-water interface and form stable emulsions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyi Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjia Zhu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Xie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Farahin Suhaimi N, Nor Atika Baharin S, Ain Jamion N, Mohd Zain Z, Pandian Sambasevam K. Polyaniline-chitosan modified on screen-printed carbon electrode for the electrochemical detection of perfluorooctanoic acid. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhu C, Zhang S, Zhu N, Wu Q, Du M, He X, Bai Y, Wang S. Effects of citrus fiber on the emulsifying properties and molecular structure of mutton myofibrillar protein: An underlying mechanisms study. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang Y, Sun G, Li D, Xu J, McClements DJ, Li Y. Advances in emulsion-based delivery systems for nutraceuticals: Utilization of interfacial engineering approaches to control bioavailability. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 104:139-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Obtaining and Characterizing Composite Biomaterials of Animal Resources with Potential Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173544. [PMID: 36080619 PMCID: PMC9460659 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw materials, such as collagen and chitosan, obtained from by-products from the food industry (beef hides and crustacean exoskeletons), can be used to obtain collagen–chitosan composite biomaterials, with potential applications in regenerative medicine. Functionalization of these composite biomaterials is a possibility, thus, resulting in a molecule with potential applications in regenerative medicine, namely clotrimazole (a molecule with antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activity), at a mass ratio (collagen–chitosan–clotrimazole) of 1:1:0.1. This functionalized composite biomaterial has great potential for application in regenerative medicine, due to the following properties: (1) it is porous, and the pores formed are interconnected, due to the use of a mass ratio between collagen and chitosan of 1:1; (2) the size of the formed pores is between 500–50 μm; (3) between collagen and chitosan, hydrogen bonds are formed, which ensure the unity of composite biomaterial; (4) the functionalized bio-composite exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA; for the latter microorganism, the antimicrobial activity is equivalent to that of the antibiotic Minocycline; (5) the proliferation tests performed on a standardized line of normal human cells with simple or composite materials obtained by lyophilization do not show cytotoxicity in the concentration range studied (10–500) μg/mL.
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Gao T, Zhao X, Li R, Bassey A, Bai Y, Ye K, Deng S, Zhou G. Synergistic effects of polysaccharide addition-ultrasound treatment on the emulsified properties of low-salt myofibrillar protein. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Adsorption Characteristics of Chitosan-Modified Bamboo Biochar in Cd(II) Contaminated Water. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6303252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to fabricate a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent using bamboo biochar (BB), a kind of charcoal composed of high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and variety of functional groups, and chitosan as substrates for remediation of Cd(II) in Cd(II) contaminated water and characterized the functional group characteristics, surface morphology, and Cd(II) adsorption effect using the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Results showed that chitosan-modified bamboo biochar (CBB) provided more active adsorption sites (such as –NH2, –COOH, –OH, and C=O) on the surface to enhance the Cd(II) removal efficiency in Cd(II) contaminated wastewater. Meanwhile, the optimal pH, contact time, and dose of CBB on the Cd(II) removal efficiency are 7, 120 min, and 600 mg, respectively. In addition, the adsorption isotherm results revealed that the possible adsorption mechanisms might include surface adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, and ion exchanges. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) values predicted from the Langmuir model were 37.74 and 93.46 mg/g for BB and CBB, respectively, also indicating a potential application of CBB in practical wastewater. Desorption and regeneration of CBB were attained simultaneously and the results showed that even after five cycles of adsorption-elution, the adsorption and desorption of CBB exhibited a slight decline and still reached at 71.70% and 65.92%. Results from this study would provide a reference to functionalized CBB for Cd(II) adsorption in contaminated water.
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Liu N, Ni S, Gao H, Chang Y, Fu Y, Liu W, Qin M. Laccase-Catalyzed Grafting of Lauryl Gallate on Chitosan To Improve Its Antioxidant and Hydrophobic Properties. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4501-4509. [PMID: 34601873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biografting is a promising and ecofriendly approach to meet various application requirements of products. Herein, a popular green enzyme, laccase, was adopted to graft a hydrophobic phenolic compound (lauryl gallate, LG) onto chitosan (CTS). The resultant chitosan derivate (Lac/LG-CTS) was systematically analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), grafting efficiency, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This grafting technique produced a multifunctional chitosan copolymer with remarkably enhanced antioxidant property, hydrophobicity, and moisture barrier property. Furthermore, the swelling capacity and acid solubility of the copolymer film decreased significantly, although the tensile strength and elongation were slightly weakened as compared to those of native chitosan. These results suggest that the Lac/LG-CTS holds great potential as a food-packaging material, preservative agent, or edible coating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Gao
- Marine Biotechnology, Shandong Industrial Technician College, Weifang 261053, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Taishan University, Tai'an 271021, P. R. China
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Binary Pectin-Chitosan Composites for the Uptake of Lanthanum and Yttrium Species in Aqueous Media. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050478. [PMID: 33922115 PMCID: PMC8143457 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth elements such as lanthanum and yttrium have wide utility in high-tech applications such as permanent magnets and batteries. The use of biopolymers and their composites as adsorbents for La (III) and Y (III) ions were investigated as a means to increase the uptake capacity. Previous work has revealed that composite materials with covalent frameworks that contain biopolymers such as pectin and chitosan have secondary adsorption sites for enhanced adsorption. Herein, the maximum adsorption capacity of a 5:1 Pectin-Chitosan composite with La (III) and Y (III) was 22 mg/g and 23 mg/g, respectively. Pectin-Chitosan composites of variable composition were characterized by complementary methods: spectroscopy (FTIR, 13C solids NMR), TGA, and zeta potential. This work contributes to the design of covalent Pectin-Chitosan biopolymer frameworks for the controlled removal of La (III) and Y (III) from aqueous media.
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Xie J, Liu B, Wang H. Fabrication of three bio-adsorbents from different parts of rape straw. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three kinds of bio-adsorbents are fabricated from the different parts of rape straw, which are adsorbent core, adsorbent hull, and adsorbent stalk, respectively. As the adsorbates, kerosene, paraffin, rapeseed oil, and dibutyl phthalate are employed to evaluate the adsorption performance of the three kinds of bio-adsorbents. The results suggest that adsorbent core has much higher adsorption quantity to all the four adsorbates (27.37, 32.23, 33.37, and 39.28 g/g, respectively) than adsorbent hull (7.39, 8.37, 8.85, and 10.30 g/g) and adsorbent stalk (6.75, 7.25, 7.92, and 9.32 g/g). The adsorption mechanism of the three bio-adsorbents is investigated. The results illustrate that different bio-adsorbents own different micromorphologies. The special microchamber structure is found in the bio-adsorbent of the adsorbent core, which is seen as the main reason for its excellent adsorption performance. The adsorption volume of unit mass (Va) was proposed to evaluate the intrinsic adsorption properties of the bio-adsorbents. The recovery performance of the bio-adsorbents is investigated by using of two different treatment methods. The effect of treatment on recovery rate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Biao Liu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University (SWPU), Chengdu, 610000, China
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