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Morales HM, Vieyra H, Sanchez DA, Fletes EM, Odlyzko M, Lodge TP, Padilla-Gainza V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons JG. Synthesis and Characterization of Vanadium Nitride/Carbon Nanocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6952. [PMID: 39000062 PMCID: PMC11241735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the synthesis of a vanadium nitride (VN)/carbon nanocomposite material via the thermal decomposition of vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPC). The morphology and chemical structure of the synthesized compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The successful syntheses of the VOPC and non-metalated phthalocyanine (H2PC) precursors were confirmed using FTIR and XRD. The VN particles present a needle-like morphology in the VN synthesized by the sol-gel method. The morphology of the VN/C composite material exhibited small clusters of VN particles. The XRD analysis of the thermally decomposed VOPC indicated a mixture of amorphous carbon and VN nanoparticles (VN(TD)) with a cubic structure in the space group FM-3M consistent with that of VN. The XPS results confirmed the presence of V(III)-N bonds in the resultant material, indicating the formation of a VN/C nanocomposite. The VN/C nanocomposite synthesized through thermal decomposition exhibited a high carbon content and a cluster-like distribution of VN particles. The VN/C nanocomposite was used as an anode material in LIBs, which delivered a specific capacity of 307 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles and an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 at the 100th cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Magali Morales
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA;
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - David A. Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Fletes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, 100 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victoria Padilla-Gainza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Jason G. Parsons
- School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Morales HM, Vieyra H, Sanchez DA, Fletes EM, Odlyzko M, Lodge TP, Padilla-Gainza V, Alcoutlabi M, Parsons JG. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Nitride-Carbon Composites and Their Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:624. [PMID: 38607158 PMCID: PMC11013921 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This work focuses on the synthesis of titanium nitride-carbon (TiN-carbon) composites by the thermal decomposition of a titanyl phthalocyanine (TiN(TD)) precursor into TiN. The synthesis of TiN was also performed using the sol-gel method (TiN(SG)) of an alkoxide/urea. The structure and morphology of the TiN-carbon and its precursors were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of the titanium phthalocyanine (TiOPC) complex, while the XRD data corroborated the decomposition of TiOPC into TiN. The resultant TiN exhibited a cubic structure with the FM3-M lattice, aligning with the crystal system of the synthesized TiN via the alkoxide route. The XPS results indicated that the particles synthesized from the thermal decomposition of TiOPC resulted in the formation of TiN-carbon composites. The TiN particles were present as clusters of small spherical particles within the carbon matrix, displaying a porous sponge-like morphology. The proposed thermal decomposition method resulted in the formation of metal nitride composites with high carbon content, which were used as anodes for Li-ion half cells. The TiN-carbon composite anode showed a good specific capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Magali Morales
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA;
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico;
| | - David A. Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Fletes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Odlyzko
- Characterization Facility, College of Science and Engineering, 55 Shepherd Laboratories, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victoria Padilla-Gainza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Mataz Alcoutlabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (D.A.S.); (E.M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Jason G. Parsons
- School of Earth Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521, USA
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Jia X, Liu C, Xu X, Wang F, Li W, Zhang L, Jiao S, Zhu G, Wang X. g-C 3N 4-modified Zr-Fc MOFs as a novel photocatalysis-self-Fenton system toward the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19140-19148. [PMID: 37362340 PMCID: PMC10288341 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to explore a green, economic, and sustainable phenol production process, a heterojunction semiconductor materials g-C3N4/Zr-Fc MOF was synthesized via an in situ synthesis method. With the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and the Fenton effect, the composite could effectively catalyze the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol under visible light irradiation. The yield of phenol and the selectivity were 13.84% and 99.38% under the optimal conditions, respectively, and it could still maintain high photocatalytic activity after 5 photocatalytic cycles. Therefore, the designed photocatalysis-self-Fenton system has great potential in the field of the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Xuetong Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Fuying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Liuxue Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Shuyan Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Genxing Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China +86-731-62506095 +86-731-62506699
| | - Xiulian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 PR China
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Nackiewicz J, Gąsowska-Bajger B, Kołodziej Ł, Poliwoda A, Pogoda-Mieszczak K, Skonieczna M. Comparison of the degradation mechanisms of diclofenac in the presence of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and myeloperoxidase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122113. [PMID: 36401919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The degradation process of diclofenac (DCF) by hematoprotein myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine (FePcOC) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was compared. During the oxidation of diclofenac, in the presence of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine (FePcOC) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) (from H2O2), an intermediate product (dimer with an m/z value of 587) with the characteristic yellow colouration and an intense band at λmax = 451 nm is formed. Iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine oxidises in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, following the first-order reaction kinetics for FePcOC and H2O2. The concentration of diclofenac does not affect the initial reaction rate. For comparison, the oxidation of DCF in the presence of myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide also provided yellow-coloured solutions with an absorption maximum at λmax = 451 nm. However, LC-MS/MS analysis indicates the presence of at least seven main products of the diclofenac oxidation process in the final reaction mixture, including two dimers with the ion mass [M-H]¯ = 587.01. The mechanism of the diclofenac degradation with hematoprotein myeloperoxidase is more complex than with iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine. Furthermore, the biological activity of diclofenac and DCF dimer (iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and hydroxyl radicals degradation product) was tested. In this case, the long-term assayed in vitro against E. coli, colorectal HCT116 and melanoma Me45 cancer cells were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nackiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | | | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Anna Poliwoda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Kinga Pogoda-Mieszczak
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
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Singha A, Bhaduri K, Kothari AC, Chowdhury B. Selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol via C H activation over mesoporous Fe2O3-TiO2 using H2O2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Myltykbayeva ZK, Seysembekova A, Moreno BM, Sánchez-Tovar R, Fernández-Domene RM, Vidal-Moya A, Solsona B, López Nieto JM. V-Porphyrins Encapsulated or Supported on Siliceous Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoelectrochemical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7473. [PMID: 36363063 PMCID: PMC9658604 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrin-containing mesoporous materials, named VTPP@SBA, were prepared via a simple anchoring of vanadyl porphyrin (5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine vanadium(IV) oxide) through a SBA-15-type mesoporous material. For comparison, vanadyl porphyrin was also impregnated on SiO2 (VTPP/SiO2). The characterization results of catalysts by XRD, FTIR, DR-UV-vis, and EPR confirm the incorporation of vanadyl porphyrin within the mesoporous SBA-15. These catalysts have also been studied using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods. Impedance measurements confirmed that supporting the porphyrin in silica improved the electrical conductivity of samples. In fact, when using mesoporous silica, current densities associated with oxidation/reduction processes appreciably increased, implying an enhancement in charge transfer processes and, therefore, in electrochemical performance. All samples presented n-type semiconductivity and provided an interesting photoelectrocatalytic response upon illumination, especially silica-supported porphyrins. This is the first time that V-porphyrin-derived materials have been tested for photoelectrochemical applications, showing good potential for this use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhannur K. Myltykbayeva
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Anar Seysembekova
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Beatriz M. Moreno
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rita Sánchez-Tovar
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de les Universitats, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ramón M. Fernández-Domene
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de les Universitats, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vidal-Moya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Benjamín Solsona
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de les Universitats, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - José M. López Nieto
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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A metal-/additive-free system for oxygen-mediated hydroxylation of benzene over polyfuran-functionalized hydrothermal carbocatalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines on Solid-State Mesoporous Matrices as Catalysts in Oxidation Reactions. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072532. [PMID: 35407864 PMCID: PMC8999812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The review presents recent examples of heterogenic catalysts based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines loaded on mesoporous materials, such as MCM-41, SBA-15, MCM-48, SBA-16 or Al-MCM-41. Heterogenic approach to catalysis eases recovery, reuse and prevent macrocycle aggregation. In this application, mesoporous silica is a promising candidate for anchoring macrocycle and obtaining a new catalyst. Introduction of porphyrin or phthalocyanine into the mesoporous material may be performed through adsorption of the macrocycle, or by its in situ formation—by reaction of substrates introduced to the pores of the catalytic material. Catalytic reactions studied are oxidation processes, focused on alkane, alkene or arene as substrates. The products obtained are usually epoxides, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes or acids. The greatest interest lies in oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexene, as a source of adypic acid and derivatives. Some of the reactions may be viewed as biomimetic processes, resembling processes that occur in vivo and are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzyme family.
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Harmandar K, Küçük T, Atilla D, İbişoğlu H, Şenkuytu E, Ün ŞŞ. Zn(II) phthalocyanine-cyclotriphosphazene dyad: synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and photochemical properties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Harmandar
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçük
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hanife İbişoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Şenkuytu
- Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şule Şahin Ün
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Mi D, Mao Y, Wei B, Li YC, Dong X, Chingin K. Generation of Phenol and Molecular Hydrogen through Catalyst-Free C-H Activation of Benzene by Water Radical Cations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:68-73. [PMID: 34936361 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the abundant formation of phenol and molecular hydrogen when benzene vapor was exposed to gas plasma generated by +5.5 kV corona discharge of water vapor in argon in the absence of oxygen. Systematic analysis using a series of isotopic standards (d6-benzene, D2O, and H218O) and benzene derivatives (mono-, di-, trichlorobenzene, and N,N-dimethylaniline) indicated that the formation of phenol occurred through the reaction between neutral benzene and the radical cation of water dimer, (H2O)2+•. A two-step reaction mechanism was proposed based on the results of experiments and DFT calculations: (1) the formation of (C6H6...H2O)+• intermediate through electrophilic addition; (2) the formation of C6H5OH+• through the release of H2 from the (C6H6...H2O)+• intermediate. Our findings offer a novel catalyst-free method to prepare phenol from benzene with phenol selectivity >90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Mi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yixuan Mao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Bingqing Wei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Direct oxidation of benzene to phenol in a microreactor: Process parameters and reaction kinetics study. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines bearing electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents were synthesized a long time ago, but interest in the study of their films has emerged in recent decades. This is due to the fact that, unlike unsubstituted phthalocyanines, films of some fluorinated phthalocyanines exhibit the properties of n-type semiconductors, which makes them promising candidates for application in ambipolar transistors. Apart from this, it was shown that the introduction of fluorine substituents led to an increase in the sensitivity of phthalocyanine films to reducing gases. This review analyzes the state of research over the last fifteen years in the field of applications of fluoro-substituted metal phthalocyanines as active layers of gas sensors, with a primary focus on chemiresistive ones. The active layers on the basis of phthalocyanines with fluorine and fluorine-containing substituents of optical and quartz crystal microbalance sensors are also considered. Attention is paid to the analysis of the effect of molecular structure (central metal, number and type of fluorine substituent etc.) on sensor properties of fluorinated phthalocyanine films.
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