1
|
Yang L, Lin W, Yan X, Zhang Z. Comparative effects of lifelong moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on blood lipid levels and mental well-being in naturally ageing mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112519. [PMID: 38992822 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of lifelong exercise, including both moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training, on blood lipid levels and mental behaviour in naturally ageing mice to identify effective exercise strategies for ageing-related health issues. METHODS Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: young control (YC), natural ageing control (OC), lifelong moderate-intensity continuous exercise (EM), and lifelong high-intensity interval exercise (EH) groups. The EM group was trained at a speed corresponding to 70 % of the maximum running speed, while the EH group was trained at a running speed alternating between 50 % of the maximum running speed, 70 % of the maximum running speed, and 90 % of the maximum running speed. All exercise sessions were conducted three times per week, with each session lasting 50 min. Behavioural tests and blood sample collection were conducted at 72 weeks of age. RESULTS Ageing in mice led to changes in muscle and fat mass. Both the EM and EH groups showed greater muscle mass and lower fat mass than did the OC group. Ageing was associated with elevated anxiety (fewer open arm entries, time spent in the central region) and depression (lower sucrose preference) indicators. However, these changes were reversed in both exercise groups, with no differences between the two exercise groups. Blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels, were greater in the OC group than in the YC group. Additionally, the OC group exhibited lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. However, both the EM and EH groups exhibited improved lipid profiles compared to those of the YC group. CONCLUSION Lifelong exercise, whether moderate-intensity continuous or high-intensity interval training, can preserve body health during ageing, prevent anxiety and depression, and maintain stable blood lipid levels. Both exercise types are equally effective, suggesting that exercise intensity may not be the critical factor underlying these beneficial adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- School of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, Guangdong, China; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Wentao Lin
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519090, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoo TK, Lee SW, Lee MY, Choi H, Sung KC. Influence of MAFLD and NAFLD on arterial stiffness: A longitudinal cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1769-1778. [PMID: 38644081 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This cohort study investigated associations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with risk of increase in arterial stiffness (AS), measured as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). METHODS AND RESULTS Participants who had health examinations between 2006 and 2019 were analyzed for fatty liver and increased baPWV using liver ultrasonography and automatic volume plethysmography device. Participants were classified based on presence of MAFLD or NAFLD and further divided into subgroups: no fatty liver disease (reference), NAFLD-only, MAFLD-only, and both NAFLD and MAFLD. Subgroups were additionally stratified by sex. Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to analyze the risk of developing baPWV ≥1400 cm/s in participants without baseline elevation of the baPWV. The NAFLD and MAFLD groups exhibited higher risks of increased baPWV (NAFLD: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.35 [95% CI, 1.29-1.42]; MAFLD: aHR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.31-1.43]) compared to group without the conditions. Incidence of NAFLD or MAFLD were higher in men than in women but aHR of developing the increase in AS was higher in women. In subgroup analysis, the MAFLD-only group presented the strongest associations with increase in AS (aHR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.43-1.64]), with the trend more pronounced in women than in men (Women, aHR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.08-2.46]; Men, aHR 1.45 [95% CI, 1.35-1.56]). CONCLUSIONS Both NAFLD and MAFLD are significantly associated with elevated AS. These associations tended to be stronger in MAFLD than in NAFLD, in women than in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Seung Wook Lee
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choi
- Walgreens Pharmacy, #6072, Bonston, MA, USA
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandhorst S, Longo VD. Exploring juventology: unlocking the secrets of youthspan and longevity programs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1379289. [PMID: 38638872 PMCID: PMC11024265 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1379289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the study of biological aging has evolved from simplistic theories like the free radical theory to more complex and nuanced perspectives. In particular, the identification of evolutionary conserved genes and signaling pathways that can modulate both lifespan but also healthspan has resulted in the expanding understanding of the link between nutrients, signal transduction proteins, and aging along with substantial support for the existence of multiple "longevity programs," which are activated based on the availability of nutrients. Periodic fasting and other dietary restrictions can promote entry into a longevity program characterized by cellular protection and optimized function, and the activation of regenerative processes that lead to rejuvenation. This review discusses the idea of juventology, a novel field proposing the existence of longevity programs that can maintain organisms in a highly functional state for extended periods of time. Drawing upon research on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other model organisms, the review explores the distinctiveness of juventology from traditional aging-centered views. The focus on the "age of youth" challenges conventional thinking and opens new avenues for understanding and extending the period of peak functionality in organisms. Thus, a "juventology"-based strategy can complement the traditional gerontology approach by focusing not on aging but on the longevity program affecting the life history period in which mortality is very low and organisms remain youthful, healthy, and fully functional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandhorst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Longevity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Hu T, Xia X, Ge L. Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward photoaging in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5196. [PMID: 38431712 PMCID: PMC10908786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of photoaging in the Chinese population. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and March 2023 among the Chinese population aged 18-80 years old. Participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward photoaging were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 830 questionnaires were collected, with 826 valid questionnaires and an efficiency rate of 99.52%. There were 274 (33.17%) males and 532 (64.41%) aged 31-51 years old. The average knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 7 (4, 9) (possible range 0-12), 31.5 (28, 34) (possible range 8-40), and 33 (24, 42) (possible range 11-55), respectively, indicating poor knowledge, good attitude, and moderate practice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that knowledge was negatively correlated with attitude (r = - 0.111, P < 0.05) and practice (r = - 0.113, P < 0.05), and attitude was positively correlated with practice (r = 0.992, P < 0.05). The multivariable linear regression model showed that for each point increase in attitude score, the practice score increased by 2.96 points (β = 2.96, 95% CI 2.91-3.01, P < 0.001). The Chinese population has poor knowledge, good attitude, and moderate practice toward photoaging. A good attitude toward photoaging would lead to good practice, and more outreach and education for the Chinese population might be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tianxing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elhawary EA, Moussa AY, Singab ANB. Genus Curcuma: chemical and ethnopharmacological role in aging process. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38212737 PMCID: PMC10782795 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging or senescence is part of human life development with many effects on the physical, mental, and physiological aspects which may lead to age-related deterioration in many organs. Genus Curcuma family Zingieraceae represents one of the well-studied and medically important genera with more than eighty species. The genus is reported to contain different classes of biologically active compounds that are mainly presented in diphenylheptanoids, diphenylpentanoids, diphenylalkanoids, phenylpropene derivatives, alkaloids, flavonoids, chromones, terpenoids, phenolic acids and volatile constituents. Rhizomes and roots of such species are rich with main phytoconstituents viz. curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin. A wide variety of biological activities were demonstrated for different extracts and essential oils of genus Curcuma members including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and neuroprotective. Thus, making them as an excellent safe source for nutraceutical products and as a continuous promising area of research on lead compounds that may help in the slowing down of the aging process especially the neurologic and mental deterioration that are usually experienced upon aging. In this review different species of the genus Curcuma were summarized with their phytochemical and biological activities highlighting their role as antiaging agents. The data were collected from different search engines viz. Pubmed®, Google Scholar®, Scopus® and Web of Science® limiting the search to the period between 2003 up till now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ajayi AF, Onaolapo MC, Omole AI, Adeyemi WJ, Oluwole DT. Mechanism associated with changes in male reproductive functions during ageing process. Exp Gerontol 2023; 179:112232. [PMID: 37315721 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a natural process with physiological changes in different body parts and has been associated with decreased reproductive capacity. Factors such as imbalance in the antioxidant defence system, vascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, accessory reproductive glands infection, obesity as well as buildup of toxic substances play a role in age-related male reproductive malfunction. Age is inversely proportional to volume of semen, sperm count, sperm progressive motility, sperm viability, normal sperm morphology. The observed negative correlation between ageing and semen indices contributes to male infertility and reproductive decline. Normal levels of ROS, plays crucial role in facilitating sperm function, such as capacitation, hyper-activation, acrosome reaction as well as sperm-oocyte fusion; however, a substantial elevation in the endogenous level of ROS, especially in reproductive tissues, usually instigates destruction of sperm cells and heightened male infertility. Contrarily, antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and micronutrients like zinc and folate, have been found by researchers to facilitate normal semen quality and male reproductive function. Furthermore, the role of hormonal imbalance as a result of the compromised hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Sertoli and Leydig cells disorder, and nitric oxide-medicated erectile dysfunction during ageing cannot be undermined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Ayomide Isaac Omole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - David Tolulope Oluwole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Dietary antioxidants and lifespan: Relevance of environmental conditions, diet, and genotype of experimental models. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112221. [PMID: 37230336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rise of life expectancy in current societies is not accompanied, to date, by a similar increase in healthspan, which represents a great socio-economic problem. It has been suggested that aging can be manipulated and then, the onset of all age-associated chronic disorders can be delayed because these pathologies share age as primary underlying risk factor. One of the most extended ideas is that aging is consequence of the accumulation of molecular damage. According to the oxidative damage theory, antioxidants should slow down aging, extending lifespan and healthspan. The present review analyzes studies evaluating the effect of dietary antioxidants on lifespan of different aging models and discusses the evidence on favor of their antioxidant activity as anti-aging mechanisms. Moreover, possible causes for differences between the reported results are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s/n, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thompson LA, Chen H. Physiology of Aging of Older Adults: Systemic and Oral Health Considerations-2021 Update. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:225-234. [PMID: 37045530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Most oral health care providers encounter older adults in their practices and can play a critical role in supporting independence and quality of life for this aging cohort. Physiologic and structural oral cavity changes associated with normal aging may affect the presentation and oral health care of older adults. This article reviews the normative aging of dentition and oral structures and physiologic changes associated with normal aging, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal changes, and how they may affect oral health. Oral health providers should be aware of normal aging processes when they plan care or schedule procedures for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Thompson
- Geriatric Dental Fellowship, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anti-Aging Effect of Momordica charantia L. on d-Galactose-Induced Subacute Aging in Mice by Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144502. [PMID: 35889375 PMCID: PMC9320056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-aging is a challenging and necessary research topic. Momordica charantia L. is a common edible medicinal plant that has various pharmacological activities and is often employed in daily health care. However, its anti-aging effect on mice and the underlying mechanism thereof remain unclear. Our current study mainly focused on the effect of Momordica charantia L. on d-galactose-induced subacute aging in mice and explored the underlying mechanism. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was applied to qualitatively analyze the chemical components of Momordica charantia L. ethanol extract (MCE). A subacute aging mice model induced by d-galactose (d-gal) was established to investigate the anti-aging effect and potential mechanism of MCE. The learning and memory ability of aging mice was evaluated using behavioral tests. The biochemical parameters, including antioxidant enzyme activity and the accumulation of lipid peroxides in serum, were measured to explore the effect of MCE on the redox imbalance caused by aging. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the levels of aging-related proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were assessed using Western blotting. The experimental results demonstrated that a total of 14 triterpenoids were simultaneously identified in MCE. The behavioral assessments results showed that MCE can improve the learning and memory ability of subacute mice. The biochemical parameters determination results showed that MCE can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decrease the accumulation of lipid peroxides in aging mice significantly. Furthermore, aging and injury in the hippocampus were ameliorated. Mechanistically, the results showed a significant upregulation in the protein expression of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT (p < 0.01), as well as a significant reduction in cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, Bax and P-mTOR/mTOR (p < 0.01). Our results confirm that MCE could restore the antioxidant status and improve cognitive impairment in aging mice, inhibit d-gal-induced apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and rescue the impaired autophagy caused by mTOR overexpression, thereby exerting an anti-aging effect.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng Y, Sun Z, Ya X, Zhou L, Wang M, Wang X, Liu Y. Effect of exercise training on arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children: a meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2633-2642. [PMID: 35499629 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children. Three databases were searched up to July 2021 for papers about exercise training and arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children. The quality of each identified study was evaluated. Effect sizes were estimated in terms of the standardized mean difference. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were used to assess publication bias. In total, 26 studies by 19 researchers were included in the meta-analysis. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT) were improved after exercise training in obese and overweight children. Subgroup analysis showed that exercise only reduced the PWV and IMT in individuals with a BMI < 30. FMD, PWV, and IMT were improved by exercise training in participants aged below 14 years, but only FMD was increased by exercise in participants aged 14 years and above. All types of training significantly improved FMD. Aerobic exercise (AE) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) reduced the PWV of the participants, but were less effective than resistance training (RT) and aerobic plus resistance training. Only HIIT significantly reduced the IMT. Conclusions: Exercise training improved vascular endothelial function and vascular sclerosis in overweight and obese children, especially in those with a BMI < 30 and younger than 14 years. AE had a more favorable effect on arterial stiffness. What is Known: • Exercise training was a good way to lose weight and subsequently promoted vascular function in overweight and obese children. What is New: • Exercise training was more effective on the vascular endothelial function and vascular sclerosis in overweight and obese children with a BMI<30. • Aerobic exercise had a more favorable effect on arterial stiffness, while the improvement was not effective after resistance training and combined training mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Zhenjia Sun
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Xudong Ya
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Biomedical R&d Center, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Tongshan District, No.101, Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gong L, Liu Y. Effect of Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight or Obese Populations. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:996-1012. [PMID: 35468651 PMCID: PMC9622304 DOI: 10.1055/a-1795-2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the effects of exercise training (ET) on arterial
stiffness in all-age overweight or obese individuals. Sixty-one trials were
included with ET improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity
(PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT). In the subgroup analysis: (i) ET
improved FMD in overweight or obese children and adolescents with a large effect
size (SMD=0.83, 95% CI 0.42–1.25). PWV was decreased
after ET regardless of age. IMT was decreased by ET in participants younger than
60, (ii) ET improved FMD, PWV, and IMT in participants whose BMI were smaller
than 30 kg/m
2
, but ET only improved PWV of
participants whose BMI were larger than 30 kg/m
2
.
(iii) AE improved FMD, PWV, and IMT. High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
decreased IMT. (iv) The increase of FMD only happened when training duration was
longer than eight weeks. However, ET decreased PWV when the training duration
was no longer than 12 weeks. IMT was decreased when the training duration was
longer than eight weeks. ET instigated an improvement in endothelial function
and arterial stiffness in overweight or obese populations, but depending on the
different characteristics of exercise intervention and participants’
demographics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Physical education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thompson LA, Chen H. Physiology of Aging of Older Adults: Systemic and Oral Health Considerations-2021 Update. Dent Clin North Am 2021; 65:275-284. [PMID: 33641753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most oral health care providers encounter older adults in their practices and can play a critical role in supporting independence and quality of life for this aging cohort. Physiologic and structural oral cavity changes associated with normal aging may affect the presentation and oral health care of older adults. This article reviews the normative aging of dentition and oral structures and physiologic changes associated with normal aging, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal changes, and how they may affect oral health. Oral health providers should be aware of normal aging processes when they plan care or schedule procedures for older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Thompson
- Geriatric Dental Fellowship, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Andreotti M, Macchia D, Spada M, Fais S. In vivo antiaging effects of alkaline water supplementation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:657-664. [PMID: 32106720 PMCID: PMC7054916 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1733547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres length and telomerase activity are currently considered aging molecular stigmata. Water is a major requirement for our body and water should be alkaline. Recent reports have shown that aging is related to a reduced water intake. We wanted to investigate the effect of the daily intake of alkaline water on the molecular hallmark of aging and the anti-oxidant response. We watered a mouse model of aging with or without alkaline supplementation. After 10 months, we obtained the blood, the bone marrow and the ovaries from both groups. In the blood, we measured the levels of ROS, SOD-1, GSH, and the telomerase activity and analysed the bone marrow and the ovaries for the telomeres length. We found reduced ROS levels and increased SOD-1, GSH, telomerase activity and telomeres length in alkaline supplemented mice. We show here that watering by using alkaline water supplementation highly improves aging at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Center of Animal research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar RG, Ornstein KA, Bollens-Lund E, Watson EM, Ankuda CK, Kelley AS, Dams-O'Connor K. Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury is associated with increased loneliness in adults: A US nationally representative study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:553-563. [PMID: 31994215 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An estimated 55 million individuals worldwide live with chronic disability associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may include cognitive, behavioral, and social impairments. Reduced participation in social activities is common after TBI; however, few studies have evaluated loneliness among survivors of TBI. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between history of TBI and loneliness and to identify mediators of this association. METHODS/DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Nationally representative sample of N = 724 adults over age 50 years (Health and Retirement Study). Loneliness was evaluated using the 11-item Revised University of California Los Angeles (R-UCLA) Loneliness Scale (range 11-33). Lifetime history of TBI evaluated retrospectively using the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. We included the following covariates: age, sex, race, and education; and mediators: depressive symptoms, number of comorbidities, chronic pain, difficulty with activities of daily living, and social network index. RESULTS History of TBI was associated with a 1.28-point (95% CI, 0.46-2.11; P < .05; Cohen's D = 0.284) increase in R-UCLA Loneliness Scale scores after covariate adjustment. Individuals with more recent injuries (within 10 years) and multiple lifetime TBIs reported the highest loneliness scores. In the structural equation model, depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between TBI and loneliness. All models were adjusted for US population sampling weights. CONCLUSIONS History of TBI was associated with greater loneliness compared with individuals without TBI in a representative sample of US adults. Managing depressive symptoms and medical consequences of TBI may be a target to ameliorate reporting of loneliness in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj G Kumar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Katherine A Ornstein
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Evan Bollens-Lund
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric M Watson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Claire K Ankuda
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Kelley
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Astaxanthin: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases and with Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3849692. [PMID: 31814873 PMCID: PMC6878783 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3849692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant species, leading to macromolecular damage and disruption of redox signaling and cellular control. It is a hallmark of various diseases including metabolic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and age-related diseases. Several mitochondrial defects have been considered to contribute to the development of oxidative stress and known as the major mediators of the aging process and subsequent age-associated diseases. Thus, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants should prevent or slow down these processes and prolong longevity. This is the reason why antioxidant treatments are extensively studied and newer and newer compounds with such an effect appear. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is the most abundant carotenoid in marine organisms and is one of the most powerful natural compounds with remarkable antioxidant activity. Here, we summarize its antioxidant targets, effects, and benefits in diseases and with aging.
Collapse
|
16
|
Macias-Valcayo A, Pfang BG, Auñón A, Esteban J. Pharmacotherapy options and drug development in managing periprosthetic joint infections in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1109-1121. [PMID: 30983431 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1602118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic joint infections are an increasingly important problem among patients undergoing arthroplasty procedures, and are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, substantial healthcare costs, and even mortality. Arthroplasties are performed with increasing frequency in elderly patients, who present specific problems. AREAS COVERED Surgical therapy is clearly influenced by the clinical status of the patient, which in some case can contraindicate surgery. Antibiotic selection is also affected by comorbidities and underlying diseases, which in some cases reduce therapeutic options. The authors review this together with the changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the elderly population and the prospects for future research on prevention and treatment. EXPERT OPINION The management of PJI in the elderly makes multidisciplinary teams even more mandatory than in other patients, because the complexity of these patients. A frequent scenario is that in which surgery is contraindicated with long-term suppressive treatment as the only available option. Treating physicians must consider the presence of multiple comorbidities, interactions with other treatments and secondary effects when choosing antibiotic treatment. An in-depth knowledge of the alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly patients is key for a proper treatment selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Macias-Valcayo
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid , Spain.,b Bone and Joint Infection Unit , Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Bernadette G Pfang
- b Bone and Joint Infection Unit , Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Internal Medicine , IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alvaro Auñón
- b Bone and Joint Infection Unit , Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain.,d Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery , IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- a Department of Clinical Microbiology , IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid , Spain.,b Bone and Joint Infection Unit , Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang M, Theleman JL, Lygrisse KA, Wang J. Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying the Aging of Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis. Gerontology 2019; 65:387-396. [PMID: 30970348 PMCID: PMC9150844 DOI: 10.1159/000496688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive and complicated bioprocess with overall decline in physiological function. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in middle-aged and older populations. Since the prevalence of OA increases with age and breakdown of articular cartilage is its major hallmark, OA has long been thought of as "wear and tear" of joint cartilage. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that changes in the chondrocyte function and matrix components may reduce the material properties of articular cartilage and predispose the joint to OA. The aberrant gene expression in aging articular cartilage that is regulated by various epigenetic mechanisms plays an important role in age-related OA pathogenesis. This review begins with an introduction to the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, followed by mechanistic studies on the aging of joint tissues, epigenetic regulation of age-dependent gene expression in articular cartilage, and the significance of epigenetic mechanisms in OA pathogenesis. Our recent findings on age-dependent expression of 2 transcription factors, nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) and SOX9, and their roles in the formation and aging of articular cartilage are summarized in the review. Chondrocyte dysfunction in aged mice, which is mediated by epigenetically regulated spontaneous reduction of NFAT1 expression in articular cartilage, is highlighted as an important advance in epigenetics and cartilage aging. Potential therapeutic strategies for age-related cartilage degeneration and OA using epigenetic molecular tools are discussed at the end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Justin L Theleman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Katherine A Lygrisse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Kansas City, Kansas, USA,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Premont RT, Martin B, Maudsley S. GRK5 - A Functional Bridge Between Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30618771 PMCID: PMC6304357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex aging-triggered disorders are multifactorial programs that comprise a myriad of alterations in interconnected protein networks over a broad range of tissues. It is evident that rather than being randomly organized events, pathophysiologies that possess a strong aging component such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertensions, atherosclerosis, and vascular stiffening) and neurodegenerative conditions (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease), in essence represent a subtly modified version of the intricate molecular programs already in place for normal aging. To control such multidimensional activities there are layers of trophic protein control across these networks mediated by so-called "keystone" proteins. We propose that these "keystones" coordinate and interconnect multiple signaling pathways to control whole somatic activities such as aging-related disease etiology. Given its ability to control multiple receptor sensitivities and its broad protein-protein interactomic nature, we propose that G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) represents one of these key network controllers. Considerable data has emerged, suggesting that GRK5 acts as a bridging factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings to control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, GA, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thomas R, Ramos-Rivas E. Benzodiazepine Risks in Older People with Insomnia. Psychiatr Ann 2018. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20180513-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in older adults requires working knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs, and the alterations known to occur with these models as patients age. A summary of pharmacokinetic principles relevant to antimicrobials and an overview of published medical literature describing pharmacokinetic changes known to correlate with age are presented. Pharmacodynamic models that apply to antibacterial agents are reviewed, as are likely effects of aging on these models. The understanding of how older adults respond in terms of efficacy and toxicity is increasing but limited. Further research into the effects of aging on the actions of antimicrobials in the elderly is needed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kirk D, Jones N, Peacock S, Phillips J, Molnár PK, Krkošek M, Luijckx P. Empirical evidence that metabolic theory describes the temperature dependency of within-host parasite dynamics. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004608. [PMID: 29415043 PMCID: PMC5819823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of host–parasite interactions makes it difficult to predict how host–parasite systems will respond to climate change. In particular, host and parasite traits such as survival and virulence may have distinct temperature dependencies that must be integrated into models of disease dynamics. Using experimental data from Daphnia magna and a microsporidian parasite, we fitted a mechanistic model of the within-host parasite population dynamics. Model parameters comprising host aging and mortality, as well as parasite growth, virulence, and equilibrium abundance, were specified by relationships arising from the metabolic theory of ecology. The model effectively predicts host survival, parasite growth, and the cost of infection across temperature while using less than half the parameters compared to modeling temperatures discretely. Our results serve as a proof of concept that linking simple metabolic models with a mechanistic host–parasite framework can be used to predict temperature responses of parasite population dynamics at the within-host level. Host–parasite interactions are impacted by temperature, and climate change is altering the nature of these interactions. Measuring how a range of temperatures affects host and parasite traits and how this influences the outcome of infections is infeasible in most systems. The metabolic theory of ecology provides a powerful framework to predict biological rates in response to temperature. Using a Daphnia–parasite model system, we collected experimental data on host survival and parasite abundance across the host’s temperature range. We fitted thermal relationships based on the metabolic theory of ecology to separate host and parasite traits, including host mortality and aging as well as parasite growth and virulence. We then provide empirical evidence of the predictive power of linking these relationships in mechanistic within-host parasite models. This allows us to predict the outcome of individual infections continuously across a temperature gradient, as well as to gain a better understanding of the impact of temperature changes on disease dynamics. Due to its simplicity and generality, this framework could be a valuable approach for predicting the effects of climate change on infection outcomes for hosts and microparasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Kirk
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalie Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Peacock
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Phillips
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Péter K. Molnár
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Krkošek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pepijn Luijckx
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Souza LG, Jardim TV, Rezende AC, Sousa ALL, Moreira HG, Perillo NB, de Souza SG, de Souza WKSB, Araújo YCL, do Rosário Gondim Peixoto M, Jardim PCBV. Predictors of overweight/obesity in a Brazilian cohort after 13 years of follow-up. Nutr J 2018; 17:10. [PMID: 29334952 PMCID: PMC5769518 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic complex disease with an increasing prevalence around the world. Prospective studies in adult cohorts are needed to provide information about predictors of new-onset overweight/obesity on population-based levels. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the risk of an adult individual become overweight/obese after 13 years of follow-up. Methods Second phase of an observational population-based prospective cohort study in a small town in the Midwest region of Brazil. A representative sample of the adult population (≥18 years) was assessed in 2002 (phase 1). Anthropometric, sociodemographic, dietary intake and lifestyle data were collected. After 13 years of follow-up (2015), the same variables were re-evaluated (phase 2). New-onset overweight/obesity was the outcome variable. Results A total of 685 subjects were included with a mean age in phase 1 of 42.7 ± 13.8 years and 56.1 ± 13.8 years in phase 2, the mean follow-up time was 13.2 years and female sex counted for 66.3% of the sample. Total weight gain was 5.9 ± 10.2 Kg, body mass index increased 2.6 ± 3.8 Kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) values increased 8.0 ± 10.5 cm. The prevalence of overweight/obesity went from 49.1% in phase 1 to 69.8% in phase 2 (p < 0.001). The factors associated with a decreased risk of new-onset overweight/obesity were ages between 50 and 64 (RR 0.40; CI 0.24–0.67 – p = 0.001) and ≥65 years (RR 0.15; CI 0.06–0.35 - p < 0.001), being part of the second quartile of fat consumption (RR 0.59; CI 0.35–0.97 – p = 0.041), no alcohol consumption (RR 0.59; CI 0.37–0.93 – p = 0.024) and smoking (RR 0.58; CI 0.39–0.86 – p = 0,007) in phase 1. Conclusions We identified in thirteen years of follow-up that older ages, a moderate fat consumption compared to low consumption, no alcohol consumption and smoking habit were related to a decreased risk of new-onset overweight/obesity. Obesity prevention actions must focus on subjects at younger ages and include policies to reduce alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludimila Garcia Souza
- Nutrition and Health Post Graduation Program. Nutrition School (FANUT), Federal University of Goias (UFG), Rua 236, nº 343, Setor Universitário, Goiania, GO, 74610-070, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Veiga Jardim
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO, Brazil.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto
- Nutrition and Health Post Graduation Program. Nutrition School (FANUT), Federal University of Goias (UFG), Rua 236, nº 343, Setor Universitário, Goiania, GO, 74610-070, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miyagi A. Influence of Japanese consumer gender and age on sensory attributes and preference (a case study on deep-fried peanuts). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4009-4015. [PMID: 28194808 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed exploration of sensory perception as well as preference across gender and age for a certain food is very useful for developing a vendible food commodity related to physiological and psychological motivation for food preference. Sensory tests including color, sweetness, bitterness, fried peanut aroma, textural preference and overall liking of deep-fried peanuts with varying frying time (2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15 min) at 150 °C were carried out using 417 healthy Japanese consumers. To determine the influence of gender and age on sensory evaluation, systematic statistical analysis including one-way analysis of variance, polynomial regression analysis and multiple regression analysis was conducted using the collected data. RESULTS The results indicated that females were more sensitive to bitterness than males. This may affect sensory preference; female subjects favored peanuts prepared with a shorter frying time more than male subjects did. With advancing age, textural preference played a more important role in overall preference. Older subjects liked deeper-fried peanuts, which are more brittle, more than younger subjects did. CONCLUSION In the present study, systematic statistical analysis based on collected sensory evaluation data using deep-fried peanuts was conducted and the tendency of sensory perception and preference across gender and age was clarified. These results may be useful for engineering optimal strategies to target specific segments to gain greater acceptance in the market. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyagi
- Chiba Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mikael LDR, Paiva AMGD, Gomes MM, Sousa ALL, Jardim PCBV, Vitorino PVDO, Euzébio MB, Sousa WDM, Barroso WKS. Vascular Aging and Arterial Stiffness. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 109:253-258. [PMID: 28678931 PMCID: PMC5586233 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account annually for almost one third of all deaths
worldwide. Among the CVD, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is related to
more than half of those outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent
risk factor for SAH because it causes functional and structural damage to the
arterial wall, leading to stiffness. Several studies have related oxidative
stress, production of free radicals, and neuroendocrine and genetic changes to
the physiopathogenesis of vascular aging. Indirect ways to analyze that aging
process have been widely studied, pulse wave velocity (PWV) being considered
gold standard to assess arterial stiffness, because there is large
epidemiological evidence of its predictive value for cardiovascular events, and
it requires little technical knowledge to be performed. A pulse wave is
generated during each cardiac contraction and travels along the arterial bed
until finding peripheral resistance or any bifurcation point, determining the
appearance of a reflected wave. In young individuals, arteries tend to be more
elastic, therefore, the reflected wave occurs later in the cardiac cycle,
reaching the heart during diastole. In older individuals, however, the reflected
wave occurs earlier, reaching the heart during systole. Because PWV is an
important biomarker of vascular damage, highly valuable in determining the
patient’s global cardiovascular risk, we chose to review the articles on
vascular aging in the context of cardiovascular risk factors and the tools
available to the early identification of that damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Luiza Lima Sousa
- Liga de Hipertensão Arterial - Faculdade de Medicina - UFG, Goiânia, GO - Brazil
| | | | | | - Maicon Borges Euzébio
- Liga de Hipertensão Arterial - Faculdade de Medicina - UFG, Goiânia, GO - Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO - Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xilouri M, Stefanis L. Chaperone mediated autophagy in aging: Starve to prosper. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:13-21. [PMID: 27484893 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The major lysosomal proteolytic pathways essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis are macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and microautophagy. What differentiates CMA from the other types of autophagy is the fact that it does not involve vesicle formation; the unique feature of this pathway is the selective targeting of substrate proteins containing a CMA-targeting motif and the direct translocation into the lysosomal lumen, through the aid of chaperones/co-chaperones localized both at the cytosol and the lysosomes. CMA operates at basal conditions in most mammalian cell models analyzed so far, but it is mostly activated in response to stressors, such as trophic deprivation or oxidative stress. The activity of CMA has been shown to decline with age and such decline, correlating with accumulation of damaged/oxidized/aggregated proteins, may contribute to tissue dysfunction and, possibly, neurodegeneration. Herein, we review the recent knowledge regarding the molecular components, regulation and physiology of the CMA pathway, the contribution of impaired CMA activity to poor cellular homeostasis and inefficient response to stress during aging, and discuss the therapeutic opportunities offered by the restoration of CMA-dependent proteolysis in age-associated degenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Maurya PK, Noto C, Rizzo LB, Rios AC, Nunes SOV, Barbosa DS, Sethi S, Zeni M, Mansur RB, Maes M, Brietzke E. The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in accelerated aging and major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:134-44. [PMID: 26348786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals and is highly comorbid with many age associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. In this review, we critically review the evidence for an involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress in acceleration of aging process in MDD. There are evidence of the association between MDD and changes in molecular mechanisms involved in aging. There is a significant association between telomere length, enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nuclear factor κB, inflammatory cytokines with MDD. Major depression also is characterized by significantly lower concentration of antioxidants (zinc, coenzyme Q10, PON1). Since, aging and MDD share a common biological base in their pathophysiology, the potential therapeutic use of antioxidants and anti-aging molecules in MDD could be promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adiel C Rios
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra O V Nunes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abdelmegeed MA, Choi Y, Ha SK, Song BJ. Cytochrome P450-2E1 promotes aging-related hepatic steatosis, apoptosis and fibrosis through increased nitroxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:188-202. [PMID: 26703967 PMCID: PMC4761508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) in promoting aging-dependent hepatic disease is unknown and thus was investigated in this study. Young (7 weeks) and aged female (16 months old) wild-type (WT) and Cyp2e1-null mice were used in this study to evaluate age-dependent changes in liver histology, steatosis, apoptosis, fibrosis and many nitroxidative stress parameters. Liver histology showed that aged WT mice exhibited markedly elevated hepatocyte vacuolation, ballooning degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to all other groups. These changes were accompanied with significantly higher hepatic triglyceride and serum cholesterol in aged WT mice although serum ALT and insulin resistance were not significantly altered. Aged WT mice showed the highest rates of hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic fibrosis. Further, the highest levels of hepatic hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, nitration, and oxidative DNA damage were observed in aged WT mice. These increases in the aged WT mice were accompanied by increased levels of mitochondrial nitroxidative stress and alteration of mitochondrial complex III and IV proteins in aged WT mice, although hepatic ATP levels seems to be unchanged. In contrast, the aging-related nitroxidative changes were very low in aged Cyp2e1-null mice. These results suggest that CYP2E1 is important in causing aging-dependent hepatic steatosis, apoptosis and fibrosis possibly through increasing nitroxidative stress and that CYP2E1 could be a potential target for translational research in preventing aging-related liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Banerjee S, Ghosh TK, Poddar MK. Carnosine reverses the aging-induced down regulation of brain regional serotonergic system. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 152:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Maynard S, Fang EF, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:cshperspect.a025130. [PMID: 26385091 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging in mammals is accompanied by a progressive atrophy of tissues and organs, and stochastic damage accumulation to the macromolecules DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. The sequence of the human genome represents our genetic blueprint, and accumulating evidence suggests that loss of genomic maintenance may causally contribute to aging. Distinct evidence for a role of imperfect DNA repair in aging is that several premature aging syndromes have underlying genetic DNA repair defects. Accumulation of DNA damage may be particularly prevalent in the central nervous system owing to the low DNA repair capacity in postmitotic brain tissue. It is generally believed that the cumulative effects of the deleterious changes that occur in aging, mostly after the reproductive phase, contribute to species-specific rates of aging. In addition to nuclear DNA damage contributions to aging, there is also abundant evidence for a causative link between mitochondrial DNA damage and the major phenotypes associated with aging. Understanding the mechanistic basis for the association of DNA damage and DNA repair with aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegeneration, would give insight into contravening age-related diseases and promoting a healthy life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brazinova A, Mauritz W, Majdan M, Rehorcikova V, Leitgeb J. Fatal traumatic brain injury in older adults in Austria 1980-2012: an analysis of 33 years. Age Ageing 2015; 44:502-6. [PMID: 25520311 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem. Developed countries report a significant increase of TBI in older adults in the past decades. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in TBI-related mortality in older Austrians (65 years or older) between 1980 and 2012 (33 years) and to identify possible causes for these changes. METHODS data from Statistics Austria on mortality in Austria between 1980 and 2012 were screened and data on TBI-related mortality in adults aged 65 and older were extracted and analysed, based on the diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th and 9th revision. Mortality rates were calculated for 5-year age groups; standardized mortality rates were calculated for the total. Mechanism of injury was analysed for all events, both sexes and individual age groups. RESULTS between 1980 and 2012, 16,204 people aged 65 or older died from TBI in Austria; 61% of these were male. Fatal TBI cases and mortality rates increased in the oldest age groups (80 years or older). Half of the fatal TBI cases were caused by falls, 22% by traffic accidents and 17% by suicides. Rate of fall-related fatal TBI increased and rate of traffic accident-related fatal TBI decreased with age. CONCLUSION preventive measures introduced in the past decades in the developed countries have contributed to a decrease in traffic injuries. However, falls in the older population are on the rise, mainly due to ageing of the population, throughout the reported period. It is important to take preventive measures to stop the epidemics of fall-related TBIs and fatalities in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brazinova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava 91843, Slovakia International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Wien A-1080, Austria
| | - Walter Mauritz
- International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Wien A-1080, Austria Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Trauma Hospital 'Lorenz Boehler', Wien, Austria
| | - Marek Majdan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava 91843, Slovakia International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Wien A-1080, Austria
| | - Veronika Rehorcikova
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava 91843, Slovakia International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Wien A-1080, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schnorr CE, Bittencourt LDS, Petiz LL, Gelain DP, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Moreira JCF. Chronic retinyl palmitate supplementation to middle-aged Wistar rats disrupts the brain redox homeostasis and induces changes in emotional behavior. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:979-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos de Estresse Oxidativo; Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang C, Peng R, Wang L, Chen P, Wang S, Xu X, Zhang Q, Lin S, Hu X. Wushen, a food mixture containing 55 different natural ingredients, inhibits S180 tumor growth in vivo. Food Funct 2015; 5:1475-80. [PMID: 24817064 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As cancer has become a worldwide threat to human life and health, developing a safe and effective tumor-inhibiting agent is presently a major scientific challenge. In this study, a food mixture produced from 55 different natural ingredients called wushen was fed to S180 tumor-bearing mice, and the antitumor effects were investigated in vivo. Kunming mice were implanted subcutaneously in the armpit with murine sarcoma S180 cells to construct the S180 tumor-bearing mouse model. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, wushen and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). 5-Fu was used as the positive drug treatment to confirm the reliability of the model. The food intake, antitumor rate, and spleen and thymus indices were recorded. Tumor histopathology was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and the malondialdehyde concentration were measured to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the treatments. The antitumor rate of the mice fed wushen was 48.52%. Wushen-treated mice exhibited alterations in antioxidative enzyme activity and reduced liver lipid peroxidation. The results demonstrated that wushen has antitumor effects on S180 tumor-bearing mice in vivo, and the underlying mechanism is partially due to its antioxidant activity. Wushen, which contains various natural products, can be eaten directly and may be beneficial to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27-Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Carnosine: effect on aging-induced increase in brain regional monoamine oxidase-A activity. Neurosci Res 2014; 92:62-70. [PMID: 25450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process associated with several neurological disorders along with the biochemical changes in brain. Aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of carnosine (0.5-2.5μg/kg/day, i.t. for 21 consecutive days) on aging-induced changes in brain regional (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and pons-medulla) mitochondrial monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity with its kinetic parameters. The results of the present study are: (1) The brain regional mitochondrial MAO-A activity and their kinetic parameters (except in Km of pons-medulla) were significantly increased with the increase of age (4-24 months), (2) Aging-induced increase of brain regional MAO-A activity including its Vmax were attenuated with higher dosages of carnosine (1.0-2.5μg/kg/day) and restored toward the activity that observed in young, though its lower dosage (0.5μg/kg/day) were ineffective in these brain regional MAO-A activity, (3) Carnosine at higher dosage in young rats, unlike aged rats significantly inhibited all the brain regional MAO-A activity by reducing their only Vmax excepting cerebral cortex, where Km was also significantly enhanced. These results suggest that carnosine attenuated the aging-induced increase of brain regional MAO-A activity by attenuating its kinetic parameters and restored toward the results of MAO-A activity that observed in corresponding brain regions of young rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Mrinal K Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abrams AP, Thompson LA. Physiology of aging of older adults: systemic and oral health considerations. Dent Clin North Am 2014; 58:729-738. [PMID: 25201538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the concepts of physiologic reserve, the principles of the normative aging process as exemplified by the cardiovascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal systems. How these principles apply to oral health, and age-related changes in the oral cavity itself, is reviewed and suggests how they may affect disease management by oral health care providers. It does not focus on diseases related to aging, but rather aims to explore the normal physiologic changes associated with aging dentition and systemic changes related to age, thus enabling clinicians to obtain a better understanding of the presentation of older adults and how it may change their approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Abrams
- Geriatric Medical Fellowship Program, Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lisa A Thompson
- Fellowship in Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Belenguer Varea Á, Mohamed Abdelaziz K, Avellana Zaragoza JA, Borrás Blasco C, Sanchis Aguilar P, Viña Ribes J. [Oxidative stress and longevity; a case-control study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2014; 50:16-21. [PMID: 25110143 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human longevity is a complex issue influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Oxidative stress (OE) could play an important role in this process. Succesful aging could be related with the organism ability facing OE. In the present study we compared malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized proteins (OP) plasma levels, in elderly people older than 97 years and 70-80 years old, to better understand the effects of OE on human longevity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Population-based case control study. We considered as cases patients who were born and live on la Ribera county in Valencia (Spain) older than 97 years old and who accepted to participate in the study. Controls were from the same poblational base, chosen randomly, and 70-80 years old. We made a descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, clinic and functional variables; an odds ratio (OR) estimation of being centenarian by OP and MDA quartiles; and a tendency analysis by Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS Twenty eight cases and 31 controls were included. Functional state and robust percentage were worse in cases. MDA (1,44±0,45 vs 1,84±0,59, p=0,005), and OP (64,29±15,73 vs. 76,52±13,44, p=0,002) levels, were significantly lower in cases. The OR of being centenarian in lower/higher quartile were 3,8 for MDA and 5,7 for OP, with a Mantel-Haenszel signification of 0,029 and 0,044 respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our study OE level were lower in centenarians than in younger elderly, and the lower the OE grade, the higher were the likelihood of being centenarian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Belenguer Varea
- Sección de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera de Alzira, Valencia, España.
| | | | | | - Consuelo Borrás Blasco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Paula Sanchis Aguilar
- Sección de Traumatología, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera de Alzira, Valencia, España
| | - José Viña Ribes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo XY, Qu SL, Tang ZH, Zhang Y, Liu MH, Peng J, Tang H, Yu KL, Zhang C, Ren Z, Jiang ZS. SIRT1 in cardiovascular aging. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:106-14. [PMID: 25063737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with aging as the key independent risk factor. Effective interventions are necessary to delay aging. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase, is closely related to lifespan extension. SIRT1 exerts beneficial effects on aging and age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the functions of SIRT1 in cardiovascular aging, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, and induction of autophagy. We also demonstrate that moderate up-regulation or activation of SIRT1 in cardiovascular aging and age-related CVD may confer important application values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mi-Hua Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kang-Lun Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City 421001, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Effect of antioxidants supplementation on aging and longevity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:404680. [PMID: 24783202 PMCID: PMC3982418 DOI: 10.1155/2014/404680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
If aging is due to or contributed by free radical reactions, as postulated by the free radical theory of aging, lifespan of organisms should be extended by administration of exogenous antioxidants. This paper reviews data on model organisms concerning the effects of exogenous antioxidants (antioxidant vitamins, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q, melatonin, resveratrol, curcumin, other polyphenols, and synthetic antioxidants including antioxidant nanoparticles) on the lifespan of model organisms. Mechanisms of effects of antioxidants, often due to indirect antioxidant action or to action not related to the antioxidant properties of the compounds administered, are discussed. The legitimacy of antioxidant supplementation in human is considered.
Collapse
|
38
|
Dams-O'Connor K, Cuthbert JP, Whyte J, Corrigan JD, Faul M, Harrison-Felix C. Traumatic brain injury among older adults at level I and II trauma centers. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:2001-13. [PMID: 23962046 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals 65 years of age and over have the highest rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hospitalizations and deaths, and older adults (defined variably across studies) have particularly poor outcomes after TBI. The factors predicting these outcomes remain poorly understood, and age-specific care guidelines for TBI do not exist. This study provides an overview of TBI in older adults using data from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) gathered between 2007 and 2010, evaluates age group-specific trends in rates of TBI over time using U.S. Census data, and examines whether routinely collected information is able to predict hospital discharge status among older adults with TBI in the NTDB. Results showed a 20-25% increase in trauma center admissions for TBI among the oldest age groups (those >=75 years), relative to the general population, between 2007 and 2010. Older adults (>=65 years) with TBI tended to be white females who have incurred an injury from a fall resulting in a "severe" Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of the head. Older adults had more in-hospital procedures, such as neuroimaging and neurosurgery, tended to experience longer hospital stays, and were more likely to require continued medical care than younger adults. Older age, injury severity, and hypotension increased the odds of in-hospital death. The public health burden of TBI among older adults will likely increase as the Baby Boom generation ages. Improved primary and secondary prevention of TBI in this cohort is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- 1 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mansfield AS, Nevala WK, Dronca RS, Leontovich AA, Shuster L, Markovic SN. Normal ageing is associated with an increase in Th2 cells, MCP-1 (CCL1) and RANTES (CCL5), with differences in sCD40L and PDGF-AA between sexes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:186-93. [PMID: 23039889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed T helper type 2 (Th2) polarization of systemic immunity in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. We hypothesized that similar changes in systemic immunity occur with ageing and may be permissive for the development of melanoma. We analysed the peripheral blood of 389 healthy blood donors. All subjects were profiled for peripheral blood T cell and B cell subsets, and 58 of these subjects were profiled for antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell subsets [cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)]. Ninety-five separate healthy subjects underwent profiling of 42 plasma cytokines. Ageing was associated positively with CD4(+) CD294(+) Th2 cells, and associated negatively with CD3(+) T cells, cytotoxic T cells and T helper cells. Ageing was also associated negatively with CMV-, influenza- and MART-1-specific naive and CD8(+) T cells. There were significant increases in plasma monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) (CCL1) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (CCL5) with age. We observed differences in cytokine profiles between males and females; specifically, women had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA. In summary, we demonstrated in healthy blood donors that ageing was associated with an increase in cellular Th2 bias and a decline in total numbers of T cells. Additionally, there was an increase in MCP-1 and RANTES with ageing. Women had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA than men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Mansfield
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Division of Hematology Immunology Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Women's Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
McKay BR, Ogborn DI, Baker JM, Toth KG, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G. Elevated SOCS3 and altered IL-6 signaling is associated with age-related human muscle stem cell dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C717-28. [PMID: 23392112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a reduced myogenic capacity, marked by reduced muscle stem cell [satellite cell (SC)] activity. Although IL-6 is important for normal SC function, it is unclear whether elevated IL-6 associated with aging alters SC function. We hypothesized that mild chronically elevated IL-6 would be associated with a blunted SC response through altered IL-6 signaling and elevated suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in the elderly. Nine healthy older adult men (OA; 69.6 ± 3.9 yr) and 9 young male controls (YC; 21. 3 ± 3.1 yr) completed 4 sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral leg press and knee extension (75% of 1-RM). Muscle biopsies and blood were obtained before and 3, 24, and 48 h after exercise. Basal SC number was 33% lower in OA vs. YC, and the response was blunted in OA. IL-6(+)/Pax7(+) cells demonstrated a divergent response in OA, with YC increasing to 69% at 3 h and peaking at 24 h (72%), while IL-6(+)/Pax7(+) cells were not increased until 48 h in OA (61%). Type II fiber-associated phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT3)(+)/Pax7(+) cells demonstrated a similar delay in OA, not increasing until 48 h (vs. 3 h in YC). SOCS3 protein was 86% higher in OA. These data demonstrate an age-related impairment in normal SC function that appears to be influenced by SOCS3 protein and delayed induction of IL-6 and pSTAT3 in the SCs of OA. Collectively, these data suggest dysregulated IL-6 signaling as a consequence of aging contributes to the blunted muscle stem cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryon R McKay
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
SESN-1 is a positive regulator of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:371-9. [PMID: 23318476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a process of gradual functional decline leading to death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only contribute to oxidative stress and cell damage that lead to aging but also serve as signaling molecules. Sestrins are evolutionarily conserved in all multicellular organisms and are required for regenerating hyperoxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and ROS clearance. However, whether sestrins regulate longevity in metazoans is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SESN-1, the only sestrin ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans, is a positive regulator of lifespan. sesn-1 gene mutant worms had significantly shorter lifespans compared to wild-type animals, and overexpression of sesn-1 prolonged lifespan. Moreover, sesn-1 was found to play a key role in defense against several life stressors, including heat, hydrogen peroxide and the heavy metal copper; and sesn-1 mutants expressed higher levels of ROS and showed a decline in body muscle function. Surprisingly, loss of sesn-1 did not weaken the innate immune function of the worms. Together, these results suggest that SESN-1 is required for normal lifespan and its function in muscle cells prevents muscle degeneration over a lifetime.
Collapse
|
42
|
Nair S, Ren J. Autophagy and cardiovascular aging: lesson learned from rapamycin. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2092-9. [PMID: 22580468 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological aging process is commonly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Several theories have been put forward for aging-associated deterioration in ventricular function, including attenuation of growth hormone (insulin-like growth factors and insulin) signaling, loss of DNA replication and repair, histone acetylation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence has depicted a rather unique role of autophagy as another important pathway in the regulation of longevity and senescence. Autophagy is a predominant cytoprotective (rather than self-destructive) process. It carries a prominent role in determination of lifespan. Reduced autophagy has been associated with aging, leading to accumulation of dysfunctional or damaged proteins and organelles. To the contrary, measures such as caloric restriction and exercise may promote autophagy to delay aging and associated comorbidities. Stimulation of autophagy using rapamycin may represent a novel strategy to prolong lifespan and combat aging-associated diseases. Rapamycin regulates autophagy through inhibition of the nutrient-sensing molecule mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibition of mTOR through rapamycin and caloric restriction promotes longevity. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate some of the recent advances in an effort to better understand the interplay between rapamycin-induced autophagy and decelerating cardiovascular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejayan Nair
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|