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Lin Q, Chen J, Li K, Yang J, Luo X, Cai Q, Lin W, Peng G, Chen D, Qin C, He T, Wang Z. Is Lymphadenectomy Reasonable for Elderly Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients? J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:2451-2463. [PMID: 37783911 PMCID: PMC10661814 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of lymphadenectomy (LND) on clinical outcomes in ICC patients aged ≥ 70 years. METHODS Four hundred and three eligible patients diagnosed with ICC who underwent hepatectomy between 2004 and 2019 were enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The impact of LND on perioperative mortality and overall survival (OS) as well as the optimal total number of lymph nodes examined (TNLE) was estimated. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine pairs of patients were matched by propensity score matching. Perioperative mortality was comparable between the LND and non-LND (nLND) groups (0.7% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.367). The median OS in the LND group was significantly longer (44 vs. 32 months, P = 0.045) and LND was identified as an independent protective factor for OS by multivariate analysis (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.92, P = 0.014). Patients with the following characteristics were potential beneficiaries of LND: white, female, no/moderate fibrosis, tumor size > 5 cm, solitary tumor, and localized invasion (all P < 0.05). TNLE ≥ 6 had the greatest discriminatory power for identifying lymph node metastasis (area under the curve, 0.704, Youden index, 0.365, P = 0.002). Patients with pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis are likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy (40 months vs. 4 months, P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS Advanced age (≥ 70 years) was not a contraindication for LND, which facilitates accurate nodal staging and guides postoperative management. Appropriately selected elderly populations could benefit from LND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Lin
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Second Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kangde Li
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Seventh Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Seventh Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Cai
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanjing Peng
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dexiong Chen
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunhong Qin
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao He
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Seventh Department of General Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.
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Konishi T, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Tanabe M, Seto Y, Yasunaga H. Long-Term Risk of Being Bedridden in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Oncologic Surgery: A Retrospective Study Using a Japanese Claims Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:4604-4612. [PMID: 37149549 PMCID: PMC10319666 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although functional outcomes are important in surgery for elderly patients, the long-term functional prognosis following oncologic surgery is unclear. We retrospectively investigated the long-term, functional and survival prognosis following major oncologic surgery according to age among elderly patients. METHODS We used a Japanese administrative database to identify 11,896 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent major oncological surgery between June 2014 and February 2019. We investigated the association between age at surgery and the postoperative incidence of bedridden status and mortality. Using the Fine-Gray model and restricted cubic spline functions, we conducted a multivariable, survival analysis with adjustments for patient background characteristics and treatment courses to estimate hazard ratios for the outcomes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 588 (interquartile range, 267-997) days, 657 patients (5.5%) became bedridden and 1540 (13%) died. Patients aged ≥ 70 years had a significantly higher incidence of being bedridden than those aged 65-69 years; the subdistribution hazard ratios of the age groups of 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and ≥ 85 years were 3.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-6.71), 3.86 (95% CI 1.89-7.89), 6.26 (95% CI 3.06-12.8), and 8.60 (95% CI 4.19-17.7), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated an increase in the incidence of bedridden status in patients aged ≥ 65 years, whereas mortality increased in patients aged ≥ 75 years. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale, observational study revealed that older age at oncological surgery was associated with poorer functional outcomes and higher mortality among patients aged ≥ 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Konishi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sasabuchi
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chaiwat O, Wongyingsinn M, Muangpaisan W, Chalermsri C, Siriussawakul A, Pramyothin P, Thitisakulchai P, Limpawattana P, Thanakiattiwibun C. A simpler screening tool for sarcopenia in surgical patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257672. [PMID: 34555077 PMCID: PMC8460047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as decreased skeletal muscle mass and muscle functions (strength and physical performance). Muscle mass is measured by specific methods, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, the devices used for these methods are costly and are usually not portable. A simple tool to screen for sarcopenia without measuring muscle mass might be practical, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to design a simple screening tool and to validate its performance in screening for sarcopenia in older adult cancer patients scheduled for elective surgery. METHODS Cancer surgical patients aged >60 years were enrolled. Their nutritional statuses were evaluated using the Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form. Sarcopenia was assessed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Four screening formulas with differing combinations of factors (muscle strength, physical performance, and nutritional status) were assessed. The validities of the formulas, compared with the AWGS definition, are presented as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Of 251 enrolled surgical patients, 84 (34%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Malnutrition (odds ratio [OR]: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.40-5.93); underweight status (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.06-7.43); and age increments of 5 years (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.41-2.24) were independent predictors of preoperative sarcopenia. The combination of low muscle strength and/or abnormal physical performance, plus malnutrition/risk of malnutrition had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (81.0%, 78.4%, and 79.3%, respectively). This screening formula estimated the probability of sarcopenia with a positive predictive value of 65.4% and a negative predictive value of 89.1%. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia screening can be performed using a simple tool. The combination of low muscle strength and/or abnormal physical performance, plus malnutrition/risk of malnutrition, has the highest screening performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuma Chaiwat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Perioperative Geriatric Excellent Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Mingkwan Wongyingsinn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Integrated Perioperative Geriatric Excellent Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalobol Chalermsri
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunotai Siriussawakul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Perioperative Geriatric Excellent Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpoj Pramyothin
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poungkaew Thitisakulchai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panita Limpawattana
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chayanan Thanakiattiwibun
- Integrated Perioperative Geriatric Excellent Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Arraras JI, Nolte S, Liegl G, Rose M, Manterola A, Illarramendi JJ, Zarandona U, Rico M, Teiejria L, Asin G, Hernandez I, Barrado M, Vera R, Efficace F, Giesinger JM. General Spanish population normative data analysis for the EORTC QLQ-C30 by sex, age, and health condition. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:208. [PMID: 34461909 PMCID: PMC8404330 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose General population normative data for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire facilitates interpretation of data assessed from cancer patients. This study aims to present normative data of the general Spanish population. Methods/patients Data were obtained from a prior larger study collecting EORTC QLQ-C30 norm data across 15 countries. Data were stratified by sex and age groups (18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and > 70 years). Sex and age distribution were weighted according to population distribution statistics. Sex- and age-specific normative values were analysed separately, as were participants with versus those without health conditions. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of each of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scales with the determinants age, sex, sex-by-age interaction term, and health condition. Results In total, 1,165 Spanish individuals participated in the study. Differences were found by sex and age. The largest sex-related differences were seen in fatigue, emotional functioning, and global QOL (Quality of Life), favouring men. The largest age differences were seen in emotional functioning, insomnia, and pain, with middle-aged groups having the worst scores. Those > 60 years old scored better than those < 60 years old on all scales except for physical functioning. Participants with no health conditions scored better in all QLQ-C30 domains. Conclusions The present study highlights differences in HRQOL between specific sex/age strata and especially between people with and without a health condition in the general Spanish population. These factors must be considered when comparing general population HRQOL data with that of cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-021-01820-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Arraras
- Oncology Departments, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sandra Nolte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Liegl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Rose
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medical Clinic, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Manterola
- Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Illarramendi
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Uxue Zarandona
- Oncology Departments, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Rico
- Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucia Teiejria
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gemma Asin
- Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrado
- Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA) Data Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes M Giesinger
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Fu TS, Sklar M, Cohen M, de Almeida JR, Sawka AM, Alibhai SMH, Goldstein DP. Is Frailty Associated With Worse Outcomes After Head and Neck Surgery? A Narrative Review. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1436-1442. [PMID: 31633817 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty has emerged as an important determinant of many health outcomes across various surgical specialties. We examined the published literature reporting on frailty as a predictor of perioperative outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review with limited electronic database search and cross-referencing of included studies. METHODS PubMed was searched from inception until June 2019 to capture studies evaluating an association between frailty and perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing HNC surgery. Primary outcomes included mortality and morbidity, whereas secondary outcomes included in-hospital cost, length of stay, readmission, and discharge disposition. RESULTS We identified nine series examining frailty as a predictor of outcomes in HNC. The majority of studies (77%) identified patients using a large population-based database such as the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project or National Inpatient Sample. Frailty measures applied in the HNC surgery literature include the modified frailty index, Groningen Frailty Indicator, and John Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty-defining diagnosis indicator. Most studies demonstrated a significant association between frailty and perioperative outcomes, including mortality, perioperative complications, and Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications. Furthermore, frailty was associated with greater length of hospital stay, readmission rate, and likelihood of discharge to short-term or skilled nursing facilities. CONCLUSION The current literature demonstrates the utility of frailty as a predictor of perioperative mortality and morbidity. Further research is needed to develop frailty screening measures in order to risk-stratify patients and optimize modifiable factors preoperatively. Laryngoscope, 130:1436-1442, 2020.
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Kim SH, Chong JU, Lim JH, Chung MJ, Park JY, Bang SM, Park SW, Hwang HK, Kang CM, Lee WJ, Kim KS. Oncologic outcomes after radical surgery for periampullary cancer in octogenarians. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2018; 22:128-135. [PMID: 29896573 PMCID: PMC5981142 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2018.22.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Interest in treatments for elderly patients has increased with life expectancy, and various studies have reported on the safety and feasibility of radical surgery in elderly patients with cancer. Here, we investigated oncologic outcomes of periampullary cancer in octogenarians. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 68 patients over 80 years of age who were diagnosed with periampullary cancer and were eligible for surgery; we analyzed overall survival (OS) and immediate postoperative complications and mortality. Results There were no significant differences in mean age, disease type, oncologic features, comorbidities, or nutritional status between the patients who had surgery and those who did not. Five patients (20.0%) had major postoperative complications, but there was no immediate postoperative mortality. Patients who had surgery (n=25) had better OS (29.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6–53.0) than did those who did not (n=43, OS: 7.6 months; 95% CI: 3.2–12.0 months; p<0.001). Similarly, patients with distal common bile duct cancer who underwent surgery had better OS than those who did not (surgery group: n=13, OS: 29.3 months, 95% CI: 8.9–49.7; non-surgery group: n=15, OS: 5.7 months, 95% CI: 4.2–7.2 months; p=0.002). Conclusions Radical surgery for octogenarian patients with periampullary cancer is safe, feasible, and expected to result in better survival outcomes, especially for patients with common bile duct cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Uk Chong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Jae Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Youp Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Min Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nieman CL, Pitman KT, Tufaro AP, Eisele DW, Frick KD, Gourin CG. The effect of frailty on short-term outcomes after head and neck cancer surgery. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:102-110. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Nieman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
- The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
| | - Karen T. Pitman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
| | - Anthony P. Tufaro
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
| | - David W. Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
| | - Kevin D. Frick
- Department of Health Policy and Management; The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
- The Johns Hopkins Carey Business School; Baltimore Maryland U.S.A
| | - Christine G. Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Maryland U.S.A
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Jalisi S, Rubin SJ, Wu KY, Kirke DN. Outcomes of head and neck cancer surgery in the geriatric population based on case volume at academic centers. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:2539-2544. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scharukh Jalisi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Boston Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts U.S.A
| | - Samuel J. Rubin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Boston Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts U.S.A
| | - Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Boston Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts U.S.A
| | - Diana N. Kirke
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Boston Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts U.S.A
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9
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Lu CH, Lee SH, Liu KH, Hung YS, Wang CH, Lin YC, Yeh TS, Chou WC. Older age impacts on survival outcome in patients receiving curative surgery for solid cancer. Asian J Surg 2017; 41:333-340. [PMID: 28428005 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the global increase in aging populations and cancer incidence, understanding the influence of age on postoperative outcome after cancer surgery is imperative. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age on survival outcome in solid cancer patients receiving curative surgery. METHODS A total of 37,288 patients receiving curative surgeries for solid cancers between 2007 and 2012 at four affiliated Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were included in the study. All patients were categorized into age groups by decades for survival analysis. RESULTS The percentages of patient populations aged <40 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years were 9.7%, 17.7%, 27.8%, 22.1%, 16.9%, and 5.7%, respectively. The median follow-up period was 38.9 months (range, 22.8-60.4 months) and the overall, cancer-specific, and noncancer-specific mortality rates were 26.0%, 17.6%, and 8.5%, respectively. The overall mortality rate of patients in different age groups were 18.5%, 21.1%, 22.0%, 25.3%, 35.3%, and 49.0%, respectively. Compared to patients aged <40 years, more significant decrease in long-term survival were observed in aging patients. Multivariate analysis showed higher postoperative short-term mortality rates in patients older than 70 years, and the adjusted odds ratio of mortality risk ranged from 1.47 to 1.74 and 2.26 to 3.03 in patients aged 70-79 years and ≥80 years, respectively, compared to those aged <40 years. CONCLUSION Aging was a negative prognostic factor of survival outcome in solid cancer patients receiving curative surgery. After adjustment of other clinicopathologic factors, the influence of age on survival outcome was less apparent in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hsien Lu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Medical Foundation at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Hung
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hui Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Medical Foundation at Linkou, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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[Colorectal cancer in the elderly. Surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and contribution from geriatrics]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017; 52:261-270. [PMID: 28126268 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is the biggest risk factor for colorectal cancer, with 70% of the cases in patients over 70 years old. For this reason, a review is presented on the surgical treatment and chemotherapy of cancer of colon and rectum in the elderly. A search was performed in PubMed, including words such as elderly, surgery, colorectal cancer, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and oncogeriatrics, and review articles and originals on treatment of colorectal cancer in the elderly were selected. A narrative form was developed from the latest evidence with the results obtained on the treatment of this pathology. Although the treatment of colorectal cancer is standardised, a prior comprehensive geriatric assessment is required in the case of the elderly, before deciding the type of treatment in order to offer these robust elderly-standardised guidelines for the robust elderly and adapt them for use in fragile patients.
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Liu KH, Hung CY, Lu CH, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Lin YC, Hung YS, Chou WC. Survival outcomes of geriatric patients with clinically resectable gastric cancer: to operate or not. J Surg Res 2016; 206:481-489. [PMID: 27884346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately, 50% of all gastric cancer patients are aged >70 y. Although curative surgery is the treatment of choice, many geriatric patients die of surgical complications. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of radical surgery on the survival outcome of geriatric patients with resectable gastric cancers. METHODS About 488 patients diagnosed with resectable gastric cancers, aged ≥70 y, between January 2007 and December 2012 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Linkou branch were included in this study. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, possible prognostic variables for survival outcome were assessed in 445 patients (91.2%) treated with radical surgery (operation [OP] group) and 43 (8.8%) receiving conservative treatment (non-OP group). The impact of radical surgery on survival outcomes was evaluated according to CGMH scores. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, surgical resection with subtotal gastrectomy and CGMH score were the only independent prognostic factors for both overall and cancer-specific survival. The median survival time was 43 mo for the entire cohort. The OP group had significantly better survival outcome than the non-OP group (median survival, 50.3 versus 16.2 mo, P < 0.001). The median survival times for patients with CGMH scores ≤20 were 64.1 and 20.0 mo (P < 0.002) and those for patients with CGMH scores >20 were 13.8 and 10.4 mo (P = 0.18) in the OP and non-OP groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection and CGMH score are independent prognostic factors for overall and cancer-specific survival; the CGMH score might be a prognostic indicator of surgical outcome in geriatric patients with resectable gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Hao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Hung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Hung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan.
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12
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Geriatric Assessment as a Predictor of Delirium and Other Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Cancer. Ann Surg 2016; 261:1085-90. [PMID: 24887981 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the implementation of preoperative geriatric assessment (GA) in patients undergoing major cancer surgery and to determine predictors of postoperative delirium. BACKGROUND Geriatric surgical patients have unique vulnerabilities and are at increased risk of developing postoperative delirium. METHODS Geriatricians at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk-stratify surgical patients with solid tumors, ages 75 years and older, using preoperative GA, which includes basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, IADLs), cognition (Mini-Cog test), history of falls, nutritional state, and comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index). The Geriatrics Service evaluates patients for postoperative delirium using the confusion assessment method. A retrospective review was performed. The associations between GA and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of GA for postoperative delirium, and a multivariate model was built. RESULTS In total, 416 patients who received preoperative evaluation by the Geriatrics Service between September 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, were included. Delirium occurred in 19% of patients. Patients with delirium had longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.001) and greater likelihood of discharge to a rehabilitation facility (P < 0.001). Charlson Comorbidity Index score, history of falls, dependent on IADL, and abnormal Mini-Cog test results predicted postoperative delirium on univariate analysis. Developed using a stepwise selection method, a multivariate model to predict delirium is presented including Charlson Comorbidity Index score (P = 0.032), dependence IADLs (P = 0.011), and falls history (P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative GA is feasible and may achieve a better understanding of older patients' perioperative risks, including delirium.
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Arraras JI, Manterola A, Asin G, Illarramendi JJ, Cruz SDL, Ibañez B, Delfrade J, Salgado E, Zarandona U, Cambra K, Vera R, Dominguez MA. Quality of life in elderly patients with localized breast cancer treated with radiotherapy. A prospective study. Breast 2016; 26:46-53. [PMID: 27017241 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a debate on the role of adjuvant Radiotherapy (RT) in elderly breast cancer patients. The aim is to study Quality of Life (QL) throughout the treatment and follow-up periods in early stages breast cancer patients who have started radiotherapy, and to compare the QL of axillary surgery groups. METHODS 173 patients, ≥65 years completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23, and the Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia(IDDD) questionnaires three times throughout treatment and follow-up periods. Linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in QL, and whether these changes differed among axillary surgery groups. RESULTS QL scores were high (>70/100 points) in most QL areas, with moderate limitations (>30) in sexual functioning and enjoyment, future perspective and global QL. In six areas there was a decline at the RT sessions end, that after 6 weeks was recovered. For three areas, there was an improvement in the follow-up measurement compared to the previous assessments. Changes in seven areas were <5 points. Axillary node dissection patients had a body image decrease (6 points) in the follow up period. The lymphadenectomy group had more fatigue (10 points, p = 0.078) than the other two axillary surgery groups. CONCLUSIONS Results orientate towards good patients' adaptation to their disease and treatments, and to administering RT in early stages breast cancer patients. QL differences between the axillary surgery groups and in their evolutions were few but have appeared in key QL areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Arraras
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ana Manterola
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gemma Asin
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Illarramendi
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana de la Cruz
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Berta Ibañez
- Fundación Miguel Servet-NavarraBiomed, Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josu Delfrade
- Instituto Salud Pública, CIBER Salud Pública, Leyre 3, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esteban Salgado
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Uxue Zarandona
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Koldo Cambra
- Fundación Miguel Servet-NavarraBiomed, Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Dominguez
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Radiotherapeutic Oncology Department, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Wagner D, DeMarco MM, Amini N, Buttner S, Segev D, Gani F, Pawlik TM. Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:27-40. [PMID: 26843911 PMCID: PMC4724585 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the United States census bureau 20% of Americans will be older than 65 years in 2030 and half of them will need an operation - equating to about 36 million older surgical patients. Older adults are prone to complications during gastrointestinal cancer treatment and therefore may need to undergo special pretreatment assessments that incorporate frailty and sarcopenia assessments. A focused, structured literature review on PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to identify primary research articles, review articles, as well as practice guidelines on frailty and sarcopenia among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. The initial search identified 450 articles; after eliminating duplicates, reports that did not include surgical patients, case series, as well as case reports, 42 publications on the impact of frailty and/or sarcopenia on outcome of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were included. Frailty is defined as a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability to physiologic stressors resulting from aging. Frailty is associated with a decline in physiologic reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Unlike cachexia, which is typically associated with weight loss due to chemotherapy or a general malignancy-related cachexia syndrome, sarcopenia relates to muscle mass rather than simply weight. As such, while weight reflects nutritional status, sarcopenia - the loss of muscle mass - is a more accurate and quantitative global marker of frailty. While chronologic age is an important element in assessing a patient's peri-operative risk, physiologic age is a more important determinant of outcomes. Geriatric assessment tools are important components of the pre-operative work-up and can help identify patients who suffer from frailty. Such data are important, as frailty and sarcopenia have repeatedly been demonstrated among the strongest predictors of both short- and long-term outcome following complicated surgical procedures such as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and hepato-pancreatico-biliary resections.
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15
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Ugolini G, Pasini F, Ghignone F, Zattoni D, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Parlanti D, Montroni I. How to select elderly colorectal cancer patients for surgery: a pilot study in an Italian academic medical center. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 12:302-7. [PMID: 26779367 PMCID: PMC4706530 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer is one of the most common diagnoses in elderly patients. Of all types of abdominal cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is undoubtedly the most frequent. Median age at diagnosis is approximately 70 years old worldwide. Due to the multiple comorbidities affecting elderly people, frailty evaluation is very important in order to avoid over- or under-treatment. This pilot study was designed to investigate the variables capable of predicting the long-term risk of mortality and living situation after surgery for CRC. Methods Patients with 70 years old and older undergoing elective surgery for CRC were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were preoperatively screened using 11 internationally-validated-frailty-assessment tests. The endpoints of the study were long-term mortality and living situation. The data were analyzed using univariate Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis to verify the predictive value of score indices in order to identify possible risk factors. Results Forty-six patients were studied. The median follow-up time after surgery was 4.6 years (range, 2.9-5.7 years) and no patients were lost to follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 39%. Four of the patients who survived (4/28, 14%) lost their functional autonomy. The preoperative impaired Timed Up and Go (TUG), Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) scoring systems were significantly associated with increased long term mortality risk. Conclusion Simplified frailty-assessing tools should be routinely used in elderly cancer patients before treatment in order to stratify patient risk. The TUG, ECOG-PS, IADLs and VES-13 scoring systems are potentially able to predict long-term mortality and disability. Additional studies will be needed to confirm the preliminary data in order to improve management strategies for oncogeriatric surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Ugolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federico Ghignone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Davide Zattoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Bacchi Reggiani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Daniele Parlanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Isacco Montroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Lavoué V, Gotlieb W. Benefits of Minimal Access Surgery in Elderly Patients with Pelvic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8010012. [PMID: 26771641 PMCID: PMC4728459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing proportion of patients requiring treatment for malignancy are elderly, which has created new challenges for oncologic surgeons. Aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of frailty and comorbidities that may affect the outcome of surgical procedures. By decreasing complications and shortening length of hospital stay without affecting oncologic safety, surgery performed using the robot, rather than traditional laparotomy, improves the chances of a better outcome in our growing elderly populations. In addition to age, surgeons should take into account factors, such as frailty and comorbidities that correlate with outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lavoué
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rennes, Hôpital Sud, 16 Bd de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France.
- Inserm, ER440-OSS, CRLCC Eugène Marquis, Avenue Bataille Flandre-Dunkerque, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Walter Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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17
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Chou WC, Liu KH, Lu CH, Hung YS, Chen MF, Cheng YF, Wang CH, Lin YC, Yeh TS. To Operate or Not: Prediction of 3-Month Postoperative Mortality in Geriatric Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2016; 7:14-21. [PMID: 26722355 PMCID: PMC4679376 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Appropriate selection of aging patient who fit for cancer surgery is an art-of-state. Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictive factors pertinent to 3-month postoperative mortality in geriatric cancer patients. Methods: A total of 8,425 patients over 70 years old with solid cancer received radical surgery between 2007 and 2012 at four affiliated hospitals of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were included. The clinical variables of patients who died within 3 months post-surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed by randomly selecting 50% of the patients (testing set) to identify specific groups of patients with the lowest and highest probability of 3-month postoperative mortality. The remaining 50% were used as validation set of the model. Results: Patients' gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance (ECOG scale), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status, age, tumor staging, and mode of admission were independent variables that predicted 3-month postoperative mortality. The RPA model identified patients with an ECOG scale of 0-2, localized tumor stage, and a CCI of 0-2 as having the lowest probability of 3-month postoperative mortality (1.1% and 1.3% in the testing set and validation set, respectively). Conversely, an ECOG scale of 3-4 and a CCI >2 were associated with the highest probability of 3-month postoperative mortality (55.2% and 47.8% in the testing set and validation set, respectively). Conclusion: We identified ECOG scale and CCI score were the two most influencing factors that determined 3-month postoperative mortality in geriatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Chou
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou ; 3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
| | - Keng-Hao Liu
- 2. Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- 4. Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Yu-Shin Hung
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou
| | - Miao-Fen Chen
- 5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- 6. Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaoshiung
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- 7. Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- 2. Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou ; 3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
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Xiang J, Liu L, Wang W, Xu H, Wu C, Xu J, Liu C, Long J, Ni Q, Yu X. Metabolic tumor burden: A new promising way to reach precise personalized therapy in PDAC. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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McKibben MJ, Smith AB. Evaluation and Management of the Geriatric Urologic Oncology Patient. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2015; 4:7-15. [PMID: 25678987 PMCID: PMC4321682 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-014-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The geriatric population presents a unique set of challenges in urologic oncology. In addition to the known natural history of disease, providers must also consider patient factors such as functional and nutritional status, comorbidities and social support when determining the treatment plan. The development of frailty measures and biomarkers to estimate surgical risk shows promise, with several assessment tools predictive of surgical complications. Decreased dependence on chronologic age is important when assessing surgical fitness, as age cutoffs prevent appropriate treatment of many elderly patients who would benefit from surgery. Within bladder, kidney and prostate cancers, continued refinement of surgical techniques offers a broader array of options for the geriatric patient than previously available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim J McKibben
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Angela B Smith
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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20
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Korc-Grodzicki B, Downey RJ, Shahrokni A, Kingham TP, Patel SG, Audisio RA. Surgical considerations in older adults with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2647-53. [PMID: 25071124 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aging of the population is a real concern for surgical oncologists, who are increasingly being asked to treat patients who would not have been considered for surgery in the past. In many cases, decisions are made with relatively little evidence, most of which was derived from trials in which older age was a limiting factor for recruitment. METHODS This review focuses on risk assessment and perioperative management. It describes the relationship between age and outcomes for colon, lung, hepatobiliary, and head and neck cancer, which are predominantly diseases of the elderly and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Effective surgery requires safe performance as well as reasonable postoperative life expectancy and maintenance of quality of life. Treatment decisions for potentially vulnerable elderly patients should take into account data obtained from the evaluation of geriatric syndromes, such as frailty, functional and cognitive limitations, malnutrition, comorbidities, and polypharmacy, as well as social support. Postoperative care should include prevention and treatment of complications seen more frequently in the elderly, including postoperative delirium, functional decline, and the need for institutionalization. CONCLUSION Surgery remains the best modality for treatment of solid tumors, and chronologic age alone should not be a determinant for treatment decisions. With adequate perioperative risk stratification, functional assessment, and oncologic prognostication, elderly patients with cancer can do as well in terms of morbidity and mortality as their younger counterparts. If surgery is determined to be the appropriate treatment modality, patients should not be denied this option because of their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert J Downey
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Shahrokni
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Robert J. Downey, Armin Shahrokni, T. Peter Kingham, and Snehal G. Patel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Riccardo A. Audisio, St Helens Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, St Helens, United Kingdom
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21
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Kordatou Z, Kountourakis P, Papamichael D. Treatment of older patients with colorectal cancer: a perspective review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2014; 6:128-40. [PMID: 24790652 PMCID: PMC3987654 DOI: 10.1177/1758834014523328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a continuously aging population, the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising among older patients. Despite the fact that almost half of the cases occur in patients over 75 years, this age group is subjected to disparities regarding diagnostic and therapeutic options. So far, exclusion of older patients from randomized clinical trials has resulted in a lack of evidence-based guidelines. Nevertheless, newer data from studies specifically targeting older patients and subgroup analyses indicate that proper treatment planning and specific medical and geriatric assessment can achieve a safe and beneficial treatment result in older patients, often with similar outcomes to their younger counterparts. Resection of the primary tumour, if feasible, should be the primary goal of surgery aiming for cure, although it should be avoided under emergency conditions. Chronological age per se should not be an exclusion criterion for adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy, or targeted therapies. Careful patient selection, dose adjustments, close monitoring and early intervention in the event of side effects are essential. The benefits of treatment must be balanced with potential effects of treatment and patients' wishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kordatou
- Department of Medical Oncology, BOC Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - P Kountourakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, BOC Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Ahmed S, Howel D, Debrah S. The influence of age on the outcome of treatment of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2014; 5:133-40. [PMID: 24495704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated factors associated with post-operative mortality rates in those aged ≥60, and in particular, the relative survival of age bands within this group. METHODS Secondary analysis of a large comprehensive cohort of the elderly treated for colorectal cancer in the North of England during 1998-2003. We investigated seven risk factors associated with 30-day and 6-month post-operative mortality from colorectal surgery. RESULTS 6083 patients aged ≥60 underwent colorectal cancer surgery. Approximately 8% had died within 30 days of surgery and 17% had died within 6 months. Thirty-day mortality was greater in the elderly (80 years+) compared to the young-old (60-69 years) (adjusted OR: 3.2, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.4). There was neither a significant difference between the proportions offered curative resections across the age-groups, nor was there a significant association between intent of surgery and 30-day mortality. Six-month mortality rose with age, but the association was stronger in those having curative surgery (adjusted OR: 3.8, 95% CI 2.8 to 5.2) than palliative surgery (adjusted OR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1). Mortality from emergency surgery at 6-months was particularly high in elderly females. CONCLUSIONS This large population study adds more weight to the findings that age itself is a major risk factor in the outcome of colorectal surgery in elderly and that 30-day mortality underestimates the longer-term outcome in this age group. There was no significant association between radical resections and 30-day mortality in elderly patients compared to the younger age groups; however, a disproportionately higher mortality at 6 months was seen in elderly female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmed
- Darlington Memorial Hospital, Hollyhurst Road, Darlington DL3-6HX, UK.
| | - Denise Howel
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2-4AX, UK.
| | - Samuel Debrah
- Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington DL3-6HX, UK.
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VanderWalde NA, Fleming M, Weiss J, Chera BS. Treatment of older patients with head and neck cancer: a review. Oncologist 2013; 18:568-78. [PMID: 23635557 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the elderly is increasing. The treatment of HNC often includes multimodality therapy that can be quite morbid. Older patients (herein, defined as ≥65 years) with HNC often have significant comorbidity and impaired functional status that may hinder their ability to receive and tolerate combined modality therapy. They have often been excluded from clinical trials that have defined standards of care. Therefore, tailoring cancer therapy for older patients with HNC can be quite challenging. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive literature review to better understand and discuss issues related to therapeutic recommendations that are particular to patients 65 years and older. Evidence suggests that older patients have similar survival outcomes compared with their younger peers; however, they may experience worse toxicity, especially with treatment intensification. Similarly, older patients may require more supportive care throughout the treatment process. Future studies incorporating geriatric tools for predictive and interventional purposes will potentially allow for improved patient selection and tolerance to intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam A VanderWalde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Clark JM, Kelley B, Titze J, Fung H, Maciejewski J, Nathan S, Rich E, Basu S, Kaufman HL. Clinical and Safety Profile of High-Dose Interleukin-2 Treatment in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2013; 84:123-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000342764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) largely affects older individuals; almost half of cases occur in patients >75 years old. The incidence increases with advancing age, doubling every 7 years in patients aged ≥50 years. The medical and societal burdens of CRC will probably worsen over the coming decades as the number of older individuals (>70) continues to grow. No evidence-based guidelines are available for this age group, as older patients with CRC are generally excluded from randomized clinical trials and the fit ones who are recruited are not representative of the general elderly population. When feasible, surgery is the most successful treatment option for eradicating the primary lesion, as well as any metastases. The operative risk under elective conditions is not markedly different in older than in younger patients; however, the acute setting is to be avoided as it is associated with high operative death rates. Well-selected older patients can tolerate chemotherapy, but benefits need to be balanced against potentially limited life expectancy and reduced quality of life. The use of combination chemotherapy is an area of much controversy, but this treatment should not necessarily be withheld because of the age of the patient. Careful monitoring of toxicities and early intervention is essential in older patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo A Audisio
- University of Liverpool, St Helens Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery, Marshalls Cross Road, St Helens, Liverpool WA9 3DA, UK.
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