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Alshanbari HM, Iftikhar H, Khan F, Rind M, Ahmad Z, El-Bagoury AAAH. On the Implementation of the Artificial Neural Network Approach for Forecasting Different Healthcare Events. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071310. [PMID: 37046528 PMCID: PMC10093335 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising number of confirmed cases and deaths in Pakistan caused by the coronavirus have caused problems in all areas of the country, not just healthcare. For accurate policy making, it is very important to have accurate and efficient predictions of confirmed cases and death counts. In this article, we use a coronavirus dataset that includes the number of deaths, confirmed cases, and recovered cases to test an artificial neural network model and compare it to different univariate time series models. In contrast to the artificial neural network model, we consider five univariate time series models to predict confirmed cases, deaths count, and recovered cases. The considered models are applied to Pakistan’s daily records of confirmed cases, deaths, and recovered cases from 10 March 2020 to 3 July 2020. Two statistical measures are considered to assess the performances of the models. In addition, a statistical test, namely, the Diebold and Mariano test, is implemented to check the accuracy of the mean errors. The results (mean error and statistical test) show that the artificial neural network model is better suited to predict death and recovered coronavirus cases. In addition, the moving average model outperforms all other confirmed case models, while the autoregressive moving average is the second-best model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M. Alshanbari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hasnain Iftikhar
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faridoon Khan
- Department of Economics, Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Moeeba Rind
- Department of Education, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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2
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Kubra KT, Ali R. Modeling and analysis of novel COVID-19 outbreak under fractal-fractional derivative in Caputo sense with power-law: a case study of Pakistan. MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37361699 PMCID: PMC10019432 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-023-01747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a five-compartment model is used to explore the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking the vaccination campaign into account. The present model consists of five components that lead to a system of five ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we examined the disease from the perspective of a fractal fractional derivative in the Caputo sense with a power law type kernal. The model is also fitted with real data for Pakistan between June 1, 2020, and March 8, 2021. The fundamental mathematical characteristics of the model have been investigated thoroughly. We have calculated the equilibrium points and the reproduction number for the model and obtained the feasible region for the system. The existence and stability criteria of the model have been validated using the Banach fixed point theory and the Picard successive approximation technique. Furthermore, we have conducted stability analysis for both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium states. On the basis of sensitivity analysis and the dynamics of the threshold parameter, we have estimated the effectiveness of vaccination and identified potential control strategies for the disease using the proposed model outbreaks. The stability of the concerned solution in Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias sense is also investigated. For the proposed problem, some results regarding basic reproduction numbers and stability analysis for various parameters are represented graphically. Matlab software is used for numerical illustrations. Graphical representations are given for different fractional orders and for various parametric values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Tul Kubra
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ali
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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3
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Kumari P, Singh S, Singh HP. Dynamical Analysis of COVID-19 Model Incorporating Environmental Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2022; 46:1651-1666. [PMCID: PMC9702965 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-022-01372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preety Kumari
- Faculty of Mathematical Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
- School of Engineering & Technology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 India
| | - Swarn Singh
- Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021 India
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4
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Shadi R, Fakharian A, Khaloozadeh H. Modeling and Analysis of COVID-19 Spread: The Impacts of Nonpharmaceutical Protocols. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7706447. [PMID: 36092782 PMCID: PMC9462995 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7706447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the extended SEIR dynamical model is formulated to investigate the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) via a special focus on contact with asymptomatic and self-isolated infected individuals. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis of the model, including positivity, boundedness, and local and global stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points in terms of the basic reproduction number, is presented. The sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the disease contact rate and the transmissibility factor related to asymptomatic individuals, along with increasing the quarantine/self-isolation rate and the contact-tracing process, from the view of flattening the curve for novel coronavirus, are crucial to the reduction in disease-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fakharian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamid Khaloozadeh
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Preventive control strategy on second wave of Covid-19 pandemic model incorporating lock-down effect. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022. [PMCID: PMC8747945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an optimal control strategy through a mathematical model of the Covid-19 outbreak without lock-down. The pandemic model analyses the lock-down effect without control strategy based on the current scenario of second wave data to control the rapid spread of the virus. The pandemic model has been discussed with respect to the basic reproduction number and stability analysis of disease-free and endemic equilibrium. A new optimal control problem with treatment is framed to minimize the vulnerable situation of the second wave. This system is applied to study the effects of vaccines and treatment controls. Numerical solutions and the graphical presentation of the results predict the fate of India’s second wave situation on account of the control strategy. Lastly, a comparative study with control and without control has been analysed for the exposed phase, infective phase, and recovery phase to understand the effectiveness of the controls. This model is used to estimate the total number of infected and active cases, deaths, and recoveries in order to control the disease using this system and studying the effects of vaccines and treatment controls.
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A robust study of a piecewise fractional order COVID-19 mathematical model. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022; 61. [PMCID: PMC8604677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current manuscript, we deal with the dynamics of a piecewise covid-19 mathematical model with quarantine class and vaccination using SEIQR epidemic model. For this, we discussed the deterministic, stochastic, and fractional forms of the proposed model for different steps. It has a great impact on the infectious disease models and especially for covid-19 because in start the deterministic model played its role but with time due to uncertainty the stochastic model takes place and with long term expansion the use of fractional derivatives are required. The stability of the model is discussed regarding the reproductive number. Using the non-standard finite difference scheme for the numerical solution of the deterministic model and illustrate the obtained results graphically. Further, environmental noises are added to the model for the description of the stochastic model. Then take out the existence and uniqueness of positive solution with extinction for infection. Finally, we utilize a new technique of piecewise differential and integral operators for approximating Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative operator for the purpose of constructing of the fractional-order model. Then study the dynamics of the models such as positivity and boundedness of the solutions and local stability analysis. Solved numerically fractional-order model used Newton Polynomial scheme and present the results graphically.
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7
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The State of the Art of Data Mining Algorithms for Predicting the COVID-19 Pandemic. AXIOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/axioms11050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current computer systems are accumulating huge amounts of information in several application domains. The outbreak of COVID-19 has increased rekindled interest in the use of data mining techniques for the analysis of factors that are related to the emergence of an epidemic. Data mining techniques are being used in the analysis and interpretation of information, which helps in the discovery of patterns, planning of isolation policies, and even predicting the speed of proliferation of contagion in a viral disease such as COVID-19. This research provides a comprehensive study of various data mining algorithms that are used in conjunction with epidemiological prediction models. The document considers that there is an opportunity to improve or develop tools that offer an accurate prognosis in the management of viral diseases through the use of data mining tools, based on a comparative study of 35 research papers.
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Figueiredo CJJD, Mota CMDM, Rosa AGF, Souza APGD, Lima SMDS. Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Pernambuco, Brazil: A geospatial evaluation supported by multiple-criteria decision aid methodology. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 35147014 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents an innovative application to identify areas vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) considering a combination of spatial analysis and a multi-criteria learning approach. We applied this methodology in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil identifying vulnerable areas by considering a set of determinants and risk factors for COVID-19, including demographic, economic and spatial characteristics and the number of human COVID-19 infections. Examining possible patterns over a set number of days taking the number of cases recorded, we arrived at a set of compatible decision rules to explain the relation between risk factors and COVID-19 cases. The results reveal why certain municipalities are critically vulnerable to COVID-19 highlighting locations for which knowledge can be gained about environmental factors.
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Barcellos DDS, Fernandes GMK, de Souza FT. Data based model for predicting COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in metropolis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24491. [PMID: 34966184 PMCID: PMC8716530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for scientific analysis to help governments and public health authorities make decisions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents a methodology based on data mining that can offer support for coping with epidemic diseases. The methodological approach was applied in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, the cities in Brazil with the most COVID-19 deaths until the first half of 2021. We aimed to predict the evolution of COVID-19 in metropolises and identify air quality and meteorological variables correlated with confirmed cases and deaths. The statistical analyses indicated the most important explanatory environmental variables, while the cluster analyses showed the potential best input variables for the forecasting models. The forecast models were built by two different algorithms and their results have been compared. The relationship between epidemiological and environmental variables was particular to each of the three cities studied. Low solar radiation periods predicted in Manaus can guide managers to likely increase deaths due to COVID-19. In São Paulo, an increase in the mortality rate can be indicated by drought periods. The developed models can predict new cases and deaths by COVID-19 in studied cities. Furthermore, the methodological approach can be applied in other cities and for other epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian da Silveira Barcellos
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio Teodoro de Souza
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- KU Leuven-Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Research Center for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of the Hand Foot Mouth Disease Affected by Regional Residency in Thailand. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9222863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a virulent disease most commonly found in East and Southeast Asia. Symptoms include ulcers or sores, inside or around the mouth. In this research, we formulate the dynamic model of HFMD by using the SEIQR model. We separated the infection episodes where there is a higher outbreak and a lower outbreak of the disease associated with regional residency, with the higher level of outbreak occurring in the urban region, and a lower outbreak level occurring in the rural region. We developed two different optimal control programs for the types of outbreaks. Optimal Control Policy 1 (OPC1) is limited to the use of treatment only, whereas Optimal Control Policy 2 (OPC2) includes vaccination along with the treatment. The Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to establish the necessary and optimal conditions for the two policies. Numerical solutions are presented along with numerical sensitivity analyses of the required control efforts needed as the control parameters are changed. Results show that the time tmax required for the optimal control effort to stay at the maximum amount umax exhibits an intrinsic logarithmic relationship with respect to the control parameters.
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11
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Singh BC, Alom Z, Hu H, Rahman MM, Baowaly MK, Aung Z, Azim MA, Moni MA. COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Subcontinent: A Data Driven Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:889. [PMID: 34575666 PMCID: PMC8467040 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human civilization is experiencing a critical situation that presents itself for a new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei, China. The grim fact of COVID-19 is, it is highly contagious in nature, therefore, spreads rapidly all over the world and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Responding to the severity of COVID-19 research community directs the attention to the analysis of COVID-19, to diminish its antagonistic impact towards society. Numerous studies claim that the subcontinent, i.e., Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, could remain in the worst affected region by the COVID-19. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, it is important to predict the trend of COVID-19 beforehand the planning of effective control strategies. Fundamentally, the idea is to dependably estimate the reproduction number to judge the spread rate of COVID-19 in a particular region. Consequently, this paper uses publicly available epidemiological data of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan to estimate the reproduction numbers. More specifically, we use various models (for example, susceptible infection recovery (SIR), exponential growth (EG), sequential Bayesian (SB), maximum likelihood (ML) and time dependent (TD)) to estimate the reproduction numbers and observe the model fitness in the corresponding data set. Experimental results show that the reproduction numbers produced by these models are greater than 1.2 (approximately) indicates that COVID-19 is gradually spreading in the subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Singh
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | - Zulfikar Alom
- Department of Computer Science, Asian University for Women (AUW), Chattagram 4000, Bangladesh; (Z.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Haibo Hu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
| | | | - Mrinal Kanti Baowaly
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Zeyar Aung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammad Abdul Azim
- Department of Computer Science, Asian University for Women (AUW), Chattagram 4000, Bangladesh; (Z.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Terefe AN, Zewudie SG. Trend Analysis and Predictions of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Ethiopia. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00523. [PMID: 34698657 PMCID: PMC8957680 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting both lives of millions of people and the global economy of the world day by day. This study aimed to determine the trend of COVID-19 and its predictions in Ethiopia.
Study Design: This study was conducted based on a time series design.
Methods: The required data were collected from the Ethiopian COVID-19 monitoring platform beginning from the onset of the disease in the country until March 28, 2021. Furthermore, the auto-regressive integrated moving average models were used on daily-based time series. The Poisson and Negative Binomial regression were also employed to notice the effects of months on the transmission and disease-related human deaths.
Results: The mean daily infection and death of COVID-19 in Ethiopia were 533.47±466.62 and 7.45±6.72, respectively. The peaks of infection and deaths in this country were in March, 2021, and August, 2020. In addition, the trend of daily new deaths (P=0.000) and infection (P=0.000) was significantly increasing. It is expected that around 10 million (8.6%) and 138,084.64 (0.12%) Ethiopians will be infected and die, respectively.
Conclusions: The disease transmission and deaths vary from day to day and month to month. The highest peaks of COVID-19 infection and death were in March 2021 and August 2020. For the next end of August 2021, the COVID-19 daily new infection, new death, total case, and total death are expected to be increased. If this epidemic disease is not controlled, Ethiopia will face a severe shortage of hospitals, and the outbreak even becomes worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyot Negash Terefe
- Jimma University, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Statistics, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Samuel Getachew Zewudie
- Mizan-Tepi University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Tepi, Ethiopia
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A Fractional Approach to a Computational Eco-Epidemiological Model with Holling Type-II Functional Response. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eco-epidemiological can be considered as a significant combination of two research fields of computational biology and epidemiology. These problems mainly take ecological systems into account of the impact of epidemiological factors. In this paper, we examine the chaotic nature of a computational system related to the spread of disease into a specific environment involving a novel differential operator called the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. To approximate the solutions of this fractional system, an efficient numerical method is adopted. The numerical method is an implicit approximate method that can provide very suitable numerical approximations for fractional problems due to symmetry. Symmetry is one of the distinguishing features of this technique compared to other methods in the literature. Through considering different choices of parameters in the model, several meaningful numerical simulations are presented. It is clear that hiring a new derivative operator greatly increases the flexibility of the model in describing the different scenarios in the model. The results of this paper can be very useful help for decision-makers to describe the situation related to the problem, in a more efficient way, and control the epidemic.
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Liu L, Yang S, Feng L, Xu Q, Zheng L, Liu F. Memory dependent anomalous diffusion in comb structure under distributed order time fractional dual-phase-lag model. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers a novel distributed order time fractional dual-phase-lag model to analyze the anomalous diffusion in a comb structure, which has a widespread application in medicine and biology. The newly proposed constitution model is a generalization of the dual-phase-lag model, in which a spectrum of the time fractional derivatives with the memory characteristic governed by the weight coefficient is considered and the formulated governing equation contains both the diffusion and wave characteristics. With the L1-formula to discrete the time Caputo fractional derivatives, the finite difference method is used to discretize the model and the related numerical results are plotted graphically. By adding a source term, an exact solution is defined to verify the correctness of the numerical scheme and the convergence order of the error in spatial direction is presented. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the particle distributions and the effects of involved parameters on the total number of particles in the [Formula: see text]-direction are analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Libo Feng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Liancun Zheng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fawang Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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15
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Langel W. COVID-19: The Second Wave is not due to Cooling-down in Autumn. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:160-163. [PMID: 33876601 PMCID: PMC8242105 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.210318.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Langel
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald 17489, Germany
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16
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Hariharan R. Random forest regression analysis on combined role of meteorological indicators in disease dissemination in an Indian city: A case study of New Delhi. URBAN CLIMATE 2021; 36:100780. [PMID: 33520641 PMCID: PMC7826134 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological parameters show a strong influence on disease transmission in urban localities. The combined influence of factors such as daily mean temperature, absolute humidity and average wind speed on the attack rate and mortality rate of COVID-19 rise in Delhi, India has been investigated in this case study. A Random forest regression algorithm has been utilized to compare the epidemiological and meteorological parameters. The performance of the model has been evaluated using statistical performance metrics. The random forest model shows a strong positive correlation between the predictor parameters on the attack rate (96.09%) and mortality rate (93.85%). On both the response variables, absolute humidity has been noted to be the variable of highest influence. In addition, both temperature and wind speed have shown moderate positive influence on the transmission and survival of coronavirus during the study period. The synergistic effect of absolute humidity with temperature and wind speed contributing towards the increase in the attack and mortality rate has been addressed. The inhibition to respiratory droplet evaporation, increment in droplet size due to hygroscopic effect and the enhanced duration of survival of coronavirus borne in respiratory droplets are attributed to the increase in coronavirus infection under the observed weather conditions.
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17
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Age-Structured Modeling of COVID-19 Epidemic in the USA, UAE and Algeria. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021; 60:401-411. [PMCID: PMC7837317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 is still spreading in more than 180 countries, according to WHO. There is a need to understand the dynamics of this infection and predict its the impact on the public health capacity. This work aims to forecast the progress of the disease in three countries from different continents: The United States of America, the United Arab Emirates and Algeria. The existing data shows that the fatality of the disease is high in elderly people and people with comorbidity. Therefore, we consider an age-structured model. Our model also takes into consider two main components of the COVID-19 (a) the number of Infected hospitalized people, therefore, we estimate the number of beds (acute and critical) needed (2) the possible infection of the healthcare personals (HCP). Hence, the model predict the peak time and the number of infectious cases at the peak before and after the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), and we also compare this finding with case of full lockdown. Finally, we investigate the impact of the shortage of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) on the spread of the disease.
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18
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Prediction of the peak Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia using SIR model. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN SISTEM KOMPUTER 2021. [DOI: 10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research implements the Susceptible, Infected, and Removed (SIR) model to predict the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The government official data, consisting of infected, dead, and recovered, are used as actual data to interpolate the model through matching data with minimum mean squared error (MSE). The study uses one of the Quasi-Newton search methods, the Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb, and Shanno (BFGS) algorithm, to determine the interaction coefficient's optimal value in the model with the minimum MSE value. Based on data as of July 18, 2020, it predicts that the peak of the infected number will be in October 2020 with around 14 % of the total population infected, and the MSE of 18.42 is relative to the period of the actual data. Meanwhile, the basic reproduction rate is calculated to be 2.035 from the model, where it is underestimated about 29 % compared to the relative basic reproduction rate from the provided actual data.
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19
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Bentout S, Djilali S, Chekroun A. Global threshold dynamics of an age structured alcoholism model. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We consider in this research an age-structured alcoholism model. The global behavior of the model is investigated. It is proved that the system has a threshold dynamics in terms of the basic reproduction number (BRN), where we obtained that alcohol-free equilibrium (AFE) is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) in the case [Formula: see text], but for [Formula: see text] we found that the system persists and the nontrivial equilibrium (EE) is GAS. Furthermore, the effects of the susceptible drinkers rate and the repulse rate of the recovers to alcoholics are investigated, which allow us to provide a proper strategy for reducing the spread of alcohol use in the studied populations. The obtained mathematical results are tested numerically next to its biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Bentout
- Laboratoire d’Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Belhadj Bouchaib University Center of Ain Temouchent, Ain Temouchent 46000, Algeria
| | - Salih Djilali
- Laboratoire d’Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- Faculty of Exact and Computer Sciences, Mathematic Department, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Abdenasser Chekroun
- Laboratoire d’Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- University of Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
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Easwaramoorthy D, Gowrisankar A, Manimaran A, Nandhini S, Rondoni L, Banerjee S. An exploration of fractal-based prognostic model and comparative analysis for second wave of COVID-19 diffusion. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2021; 106:1375-1395. [PMID: 34511724 PMCID: PMC8424174 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-021-06865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fatalized 216 countries across the world and has claimed the lives of millions of people globally. Researches are being carried out worldwide by scientists to understand the nature of this catastrophic virus and find a potential vaccine for it. The most possible efforts have been taken to present this paper as a form of contribution to the understanding of this lethal virus in the first and second wave. This paper presents a unique technique for the methodical comparison of disastrous virus dissemination in two waves amid five most infested countries and the death rate of the virus in order to attain a clear view on the behaviour of the spread of the disease. For this study, the data set of the number of deaths per day and the number of infected cases per day of the most affected countries, the USA, Brazil, Russia, India, and the UK, have been considered in the first and second waves. The correlation fractal dimension has been estimated for the prescribed data sets of COVID-19, and the rate of death has been compared based on the correlation fractal dimension estimate curve. The statistical tool, analysis of variance, has also been used to support the performance of the proposed method. Further, the prediction of the daily death rate has been demonstrated through the autoregressive moving average model. In addition, this study also emphasis a feasible reconstruction of the death rate based on the fractal interpolation function. Subsequently, the normal probability plot is portrayed for the original data and the predicted data, derived through the fractal interpolation function to estimate the accuracy of the prediction. Finally, this paper neatly summarized with the comparison and prediction of epidemic curve of the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic to visualize the transmission rate in the both times.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Easwaramoorthy
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Gowrisankar
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Manimaran
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Nandhini
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Lamberto Rondoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Santo Banerjee
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Saxena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchir Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
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22
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Ghanbari B. On forecasting the spread of the COVID-19 in Iran: The second wave. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2020; 140:110176. [PMID: 32834656 PMCID: PMC7386426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the common misconceptions about COVID-19 disease is to assume that we will not see a recurrence after the first wave of the disease has subsided. This completely wrong perception causes people to disregard the necessary protocols and engage in some misbehavior, such as routine socializing or holiday travel. These conditions will put double pressure on the medical staff and endanger the lives of many people around the world. In this research, we are interested in analyzing the existing data to predict the number of infected people in the second wave of out-breaking COVID-19 in Iran. For this purpose, a model is proposed. The mathematical analysis corresponded to the model is also included in this paper. Based on proposed numerical simulations, several scenarios of progress of COVID-19 corresponding to the second wave of the disease in the coming months, will be discussed. We predict that the second wave of will be most severe than the first one. From the results, improving the recovery rate of people with weak immune systems via appropriate medical incentives is resulted as one of the most effective prescriptions to prevent the widespread unbridled outbreak of the second wave of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ghanbari
- Department of Engineering Science, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
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Panwar H, Gupta PK, Siddiqui MK, Morales-Menendez R, Bhardwaj P, Singh V. A deep learning and grad-CAM based color visualization approach for fast detection of COVID-19 cases using chest X-ray and CT-Scan images. CHAOS, SOLITONS, AND FRACTALS 2020; 140:110190. [PMID: 32836918 PMCID: PMC7413068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The world is suffering from an existential global health crisis known as the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries like India, Bangladesh, and other developing countries are still having a slow pace in the detection of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for fast detection with clear visualization of infection is required using which a suspected patient of COVID-19 could be saved. In the recent technological advancements, the fusion of deep learning classifiers and medical images provides more promising results corresponding to traditional RT-PCR testing while making detection and predictions about COVID-19 cases with increased accuracy. In this paper, we have proposed a deep transfer learning algorithm that accelerates the detection of COVID-19 cases by using X-ray and CT-Scan images of the chest. It is because, in COVID-19, initial screening of chest X-ray (CXR) may provide significant information in the detection of suspected COVID-19 cases. We have considered three datasets known as 1) COVID-chest X-ray, 2) SARS-COV-2 CT-scan, and 3) Chest X-Ray Images (Pneumonia). In the obtained results, the proposed deep learning model can detect the COVID-19 positive cases in ≤ 2 seconds which is faster than RT-PCR tests currently being used for detection of COVID-19 cases. We have also established a relationship between COVID-19 patients along with the Pneumonia patients which explores the pattern between Pneumonia and COVID-19 radiology images. In all the experiments, we have used the Grad-CAM based color visualization approach in order to clearly interpretate the detection of radiology images and taking further course of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Panwar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173 234, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173 234, India
| | - Mohammad Khubeb Siddiqui
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L, 64,489, Mexico
| | - Ruben Morales-Menendez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. E. Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L, 64,489, Mexico
| | - Prakhar Bhardwaj
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173 234, India
| | - Vaishnavi Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, 173 234, India
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Sharaf MK, El-Shewy EK, Zahran MA. Fractional anisotropic diffusion equation in cylindrical brush model. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1824743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Sharaf
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - E. K. El-Shewy
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Zahran
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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25
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Ghanbari B. A fractional system of delay differential equation with nonsingular kernels in modeling hand-foot-mouth disease. ADVANCES IN DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 2020; 2020:536. [PMID: 33014026 PMCID: PMC7523494 DOI: 10.1186/s13662-020-02993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine a computational model to explore the prevalence of a viral infectious disease, namely hand-foot-mouth disease, which is more common in infants and children. The structure of this model consists of six sub-populations along with two delay parameters. Besides, by taking advantage of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative, the ability of the model to justify different situations for the system has been improved. Discussions about the existence of the solution and its uniqueness are also included in the article. Subsequently, an effective numerical scheme has been employed to obtain several meaningful approximate solutions in various scenarios imposed on the problem. The sensitivity analysis of some existing parameters in the model has also been investigated through several numerical simulations. One of the advantages of the fractional derivative used in the model is the use of the concept of memory in maintaining the substantial properties of the understudied phenomena from the origin of time to the desired time. It seems that the tools used in this model are very powerful and can effectively simulate the expected theoretical conditions in the problem, and can also be recommended in modeling other computational models in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Ghanbari
- Department of Engineering Science, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
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