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Ittefaq M, Reynolds-Tylus T. Memorable Messages About Mental Health Among International Students in the United States: A Mixed-Method Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38778630 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2359170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the memorable messages about mental health that international students (N = 199) received from various sources since arriving on campus in the U.S. Utilizing the memorable messages framework, we examined the types of messages (normalizing, strategizing, minimizing) they received and their association with message satisfaction, mental health stigma, and attitude toward help-seeking. The most frequently recalled messages were normalizing messages (49.2%), followed by strategizing messages (31.7%), and minimizing messages (9.5%). Participants who recalled normalizing and strategizing messages reported higher satisfaction and a more favorable attitude toward help-seeking compared to those who recalled minimizing messages. These findings offer theoretical implications for memorable messages and immigrant populations, as well as practical implications for campaign messaging and design. These results can guide university officials in tailoring their efforts to meet the mental health needs of this vulnerable population.
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Dahlan R, Bohlouli B, Saltaji H, Salami B, Amin M. Sociocultural determinants of children's oral health among immigrants in Canada. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38703141 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A conceptual model was designed and tested to predict immigrant children's oral health in Canada by examining parental acculturation and perceived social support (PSS) using structural equation modelling. METHODS A convenience sample of first-generation immigrant parents and their children aged 2-12 years were recruited by multilingual community workers in Edmonton, Canada. Parents completed a validated questionnaire on demographics, child's oral health (OH) behaviours, parental acculturation and PSS. Dental examinations determined children's dental caries rate using DMFT/dmft index. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. RESULTS A total of 336 families participated in this study. The average parental acculturation level was 10.46 with a maximum of 15, and the average PSS was 63.27 with a maximum of 75. SEM showed that 77% of the variance of DMFT/dmft scores in children was explained by parental PSS, acculturation level, immigration-related variables, socioeconomic variables and children's OH behaviours. The direct effect of parental PSS was associated with a significantly reduced rate of dental caries (β = -.076, p-value = .008) and lower sugar consumption (β = -.17, p-value = .04). While the mediation effect of parental acculturation on PSS was associated with positive OH behaviours of children (e.g., toothbrushing frequency and dental care utilization), the indirect effect was negatively associated with caries rate (β = .77, p-value = .00). CONCLUSIONS The direct effect of Parental Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was associated with more favourable oral health behaviours and a lower prevalence of dental caries, while the mediation effect of acculturation was linked to a higher prevalence of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Dahlan
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babak Bohlouli
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Humam Saltaji
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Robbins KA, Bartholomew TT, Joy EE, Keum BT, Pérez-Rojas AE, Lockard AJ. Social support and psychotherapy outcomes for international students in university/college counseling centers. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38626417 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2338426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between international students' social support at intake and international student distress at end of treatment. Participants: Data was collected from participants (n = 40,085) from 90 United States universities using the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH) database. Methods: Participants completed measures of psychological distress and perceived social support. Using multilevel modeling, we predicted participants' distress at end of treatment by international student status, social support, race, and length of therapy. Results: We found that international students who reported lower social support at intake ended treatment with higher levels of psychological distress when distress at intake was controlled compared to United States peers. Conclusions: Understanding the significance of social support for international students can help to inform mental healthcare professionals' approach to psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Robbins
- Department of Educational Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Theodore T Bartholomew
- Department of Psychology & Department of Africana Studies, Scripps College, Claremont, California, USA
| | | | - Brian TaeHyuk Keum
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andres E Pérez-Rojas
- Department of Counseling & Educational Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Allison J Lockard
- Department of Education, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Indiana, USA
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Zhou L, Cai E, Thitinan C, Khunanan S, Wu Y, Liu G. Explaining the Relation Between Perceived Social Support and Psychological Well-Being Among Chinese Nursing Students: A Serial Multiple Mediator Model Involving Integrative Self-Knowledge and Self-Integrity. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:594-619. [PMID: 36112788 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221127625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing numerous calls for understanding the theoretical mechanisms that explain the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being to enhance nursing students' mental health. AIMS This study focused on how integrative self-knowledge and self-integrity mediate the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being. METHODS The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to estimate the mediation effects on the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being among 487 undergraduate nursing students. To examine the directionality of effects, the present study also tested the reverse serial mediation model. Multi-group SEM (MGSEM) was used to test gender differences in the mediation model. RESULTS Integrative self-knowledge and self-integrity, in sequence, mediated the association between perceived social support and psychological well-being among nursing students. In addition, there was no gender difference in these associations. CONCLUSIONS Improving nursing students' perceived social support, integrative self-knowledge, and self-integrity is beneficial for promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Thailand
- School of Nursing, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - EnLi Cai
- School of Nursing, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chankoson Thitinan
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Thailand
- Faculty of Business Administration for Society, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
| | - Sukpasjaroen Khunanan
- Chakrabongse Bhuvanarth International Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-OK, Thailand
| | - YuMing Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Gao Liu
- School of Nursing, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Liu A, Sheng X, Pato ID, Mutinda G, Wu Y. Perceptions of the Sense of Security, Belonging, and Acculturative Stress among International Students in China during COVID-19 Outbreak-An Empirical Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081202. [PMID: 37108036 PMCID: PMC10137895 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cross-cultural adaptation of students studying in foreign countries by exploring acculturative stress factors is crucial to ensure the smooth academic performance of the students and, in turn, to enhance the global reputation of their universities. Therefore, it is an area of interest for the authorities (Ministry) and the corresponding management of universities. Using a random sample of 138 international students in China, descriptive and logistic regressions were conducted to assess the levels and influence of acculturative stress factors on cross-cultural adaptation, specifically on international students' sense of security and belonging during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The results revealed that students were most concerned about homesickness, which obtained the highest mean score. The regression results indicated that the perception of fear and discrimination significantly impacted international students' sense of security. The perception of fear, guilt, and how long the student stayed in China also significantly affected the sense of belonging. We argue that the reflections provided herein are essential for universities to improve how they manage and handle international students to mitigate the effects of acculturative stress, particularly when additional stressful conditions are present, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Jin Shanbao Institute for Agriculture and Rural Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Sheng
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Innocensia Dickson Pato
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gladys Mutinda
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- School of Overseas Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 41 Beiwei Road, Nanjing 210017, China
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Cao C, Meng Q, Zhang H. A longitudinal examination of WeChat usage intensity, behavioral engagement, and cross-cultural adjustment among international students in China. HIGHER EDUCATION 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37362755 PMCID: PMC10057683 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-023-01029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
WeChat is a highly popular social media in China and many other Asian countries, but little is known about its effectiveness in facilitating international students' academic and social functioning. Hence, the present study aimed to examine causal or reciprocal relationships among WeChat usage intensity, behavioral engagement in academic learning (BE-academic) and in local social activities (BE-social), and academic and social adjustment. To this end, we employed a three-wave longitudinal design among international students in China with data collected at three times (i.e., Time 1 data collected in December of 2020, Time 2 data collected in March of 2021, and Time 3 data collected in June of 2021). Results based on the cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that in academic domains, WeChat usage intensity positively predicted longitudinal changes in BE-academic and academic adjustment positively predicted longitudinal changes in WeChat usage intensity across Time 1 and Time 3. In social domains, WeChat usage intensity positively predicted longitudinal changes in BE-social and social adjustment, and BE-social positively predicted longitudinal changes in social adjustment from Time 1 to Time 2. Additionally, the reverse effects of social adjustment on WeChat usage intensity were revealed across Time 1 and Time 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changfchun, 5268 China
| | - Qian Meng
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road, Changchun, 7186 China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changfchun, 5268 China
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Longitudinal exploration of online learning burnout: the role of social support and cognitive engagement. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023. [PMCID: PMC10025060 DOI: 10.1007/s10212-023-00693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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8
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Lai H, Wang D, Ou X. Cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese students in the United States: Acculturation strategies, sociocultural, psychological, and academic adaptation. Front Psychol 2023; 13:924561. [PMID: 36687892 PMCID: PMC9846175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted with the primary purpose to gain a comprehensive understanding of Chinese students' acculturation by examining the effects of their acculturation strategies, sociocultural, psychological adaptation on the academic adaptation. The total number of 315 international Chinese students studying in the United States participated in an online survey. The mid-point split method was used to classify the four acculturation strategies among Chinese students. The results of a Chi-square test, ANOVA analyses and hierarchical regressions reveal that separation was the most preferred acculturation strategy by the Chinese students while marginalization was the least desirable. Chinese students did the best in sociocultural adaptation but the worst in academic adaptation. However, students who achieved a good sociocultural adaptation encountered unexpected problems with their psychological adaptation. Findings also indicate that international Chinese students' preference for separation and marginalization was associated with a better psychological and academic adaptation while integration and assimilation strategy was associated with a better sociocultural adaptation. Their academic adaptation can be predicted significantly by their psychological adaptation, not by their sociocultural adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dianjian Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Dianjian Wang,
| | - Xiancai Ou
- School of Education Science, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Gaitán-Aguilar L, Hofhuis J, Bierwiaczonek K, Carmona C. Social media use, social identification and cross-cultural adaptation of international students: A longitudinal examination. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1013375. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1013375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobility experience is an important life event for international students, and achieving successful psychological and sociocultural adaptation is crucial for this experience to be positive. Through a three-wave longitudinal study among international students enrolled at universities in Spain, Portugal, and Poland (n = 233), we examined the relationships between social media use, social identification, and (sociocultural and psychological) adaptation across time. Results of cross lagged panel modeling (CLPM) showed that social media contact with home nationals predicted greater identification with this group. Social media contact with host country nationals predicted poorer adaptation. Social media contact with other international students did not show any effects, while identification with this group predicted better adaptation. Our results point to the dynamic nature of the adaptation process, showing that the role of social media use and identification targeted at different social groups may play different roles than was previously found in cross-sectional research.
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Au A. Guanxi in an age of digitalization: toward assortation and value homophily in new tie-formation. THE JOURNAL OF CHINESE SOCIOLOGY 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 35855915 PMCID: PMC9286725 DOI: 10.1186/s40711-022-00165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How do people form personal ties? A consensus holds in sociological and social network scholarship that in-person networks are dominated by status homophily and that guanxi networks rely extensively on balance. This article argues that social networking sites (SNSs) reconceptualize the character of homophily and tie-formation altogether in guanxi networks. Drawing on 50 semi-structured interviews with Hong Kong youth from 2017 to 2020, this article examines how the technical capabilities of SNSs and principles of guanxi culture come together to erode status boundaries, create access to larger networks, and cause spillovers of information and tie strength. As a result, the basis of tie-formation in guanxi networks on SNSs shifts from balance to assortation and status homophily to value homophily. In this transformed calculus of tie-formation, two typologies of values rise to the fore: substantive values that reflect opinions and interests, as well as structural values that reflect networkability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Chen YA, Fan T, Toma CL, Scherr S. International students’ psychosocial well-being and social media use at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022; 137:107409. [PMID: 35936989 PMCID: PMC9338770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the link between the psychosocial well-being and social media use of international students in the US at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when social isolation was mandated. Unlike prior research, which has typically focused on a single aspect of psychosocial well-being, we conceptualized international students' well-being as a multidimensional construct including internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, loneliness) as well as markers of intercultural difficulties. We then investigated social media use as a function of international students’ idiosyncratic well-being vulnerabilities. A latent profile analysis revealed four groups with distinctive psychosocial profiles: well-adjusted students, interculturally adjusted students with internalizing symptoms, students with low internalizing symptoms but high intercultural difficulties, and maladjusted students with high internalizing symptoms and high intercultural difficulties. Supporting the social compensation perspective, maladjusted international students reported the highest engagement with social media compared to the other groups. These findings shed light on the unique and heterogenous experiences of international students at the onset of the pandemic. They also add nuance to the social compensation hypothesis by delineating person-specific associations between psychosocial well-being and social media use.
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Kristiana IF, Karyanta NA, Simanjuntak E, Prihatsanti U, Ingarianti TM, Shohib M. Social Support and Acculturative Stress of International Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116568. [PMID: 35682152 PMCID: PMC9180523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuing to study abroad brings challenges, apart from academic demands. International students are prone to acculturation stress as a consequence of cultural differences. Many research reports show that social support is a great buffer against experienced stress, but there has thus far been no study that analyzes the real effect of social support on acculturation stress. This meta-analysis study aims to investigate the true effect of social support on acculturation stress of international students based on studies reporting it. A meta-analysis was performed following PRISMA. The electronic databases used were Science-Direct, ERIC, ProQuest, Google Scholar (only for ETD), and opengrey.edu, with the article year limitations being 2009-2019. Eight (8) studies were involved in the meta-analysis. There were three instruments of acculturation stress and five instruments of social support that were used in the different studies. The effect size analysis showed that there was no difference in the effects of eight studies (z = -0.553; SE = 0.497; 95% CI = -1.248--0.699; p = 0.580). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant moderator variable, the instruments used were quite diverse. The role of a moderator, other than gender, was not used because of limited information from the studies used. Social support plays a major role in reducing acculturation stress in international students. However, studies involving moderator and confounding roles need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Febrian Kristiana
- Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nugraha Arif Karyanta
- Doctoral Program of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (N.A.K.); (T.M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Ermida Simanjuntak
- Faculty of Psychology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya 60265, Indonesia;
| | - Unika Prihatsanti
- Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;
| | - Tri Muji Ingarianti
- Doctoral Program of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (N.A.K.); (T.M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Shohib
- Doctoral Program of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (N.A.K.); (T.M.I.); (M.S.)
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Hu S, Hu L, Wu J, Wang G. Social media usage and international expatriate’s creativity: An empirical research in cross-cultural context. HUMAN SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/hsm-200965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Considerable evidence suggests that social media usage has become an indispensible part of international expatriates’ daily lives. Studies have identified social media usage serves both as a positive and a negative channel to influence international expatriate’s personal development. Nevertheless, there is paucity of literature examining the effects and underlying mechanism through which social media usage impinges on international expatriates’ creativity, especially in cross-cultural settings. OBJECTIVE: To address the gaps, the current research is designed to investigate whether and how social media usage accounts for variance phenomena in international expatriates’ creativity with intervention role of cultural intelligence. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted at three Chinese public universities with assistance of officials in charge of international education. 248 informative responses were used for testing hypothesis. RESULTS: Research findings suggest that social media usage contributes to international expatriates’ creativity partially through the conduit of peer relationship. Additionally cultural intelligence positively moderates the relationship between social media usage and peer relationship. CONCLUSIONS: As the elite group who make quick responses and efficacious solutions to manage the complexities in such an interconnected world, international expatriates deserve more scholarly attention for their creativity development. The current research examines the mediating role of peer relationship and the role of cultural intelligence moderating the relationship between social media usage and peer relationship. And this paper serves to arouse more scholarly attention to apply interdisciplinary analytics approaches to investigate how to develop international expatriate’s creativity in complicated cross-cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangui Hu
- School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- Department of Logistics and e-Commerce College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinnan Wu
- School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Guoyin Wang
- School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
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Serenko A, Turel O, Bohonis H. The impact of social networking sites use on health-related outcomes among UK adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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15
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Cheng C, Lau YC, Luk JW. Social Capital-Accrual, Escape-From-Self, and Time-Displacement Effects of Internet Use During the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Period: Prospective, Quantitative Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22740. [PMID: 33320824 PMCID: PMC7772052 DOI: 10.2196/22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has spread like wildfire across the globe, prompting many governments to impose unprecedented stay-at-home orders to limit its transmission. During an extended stay-at-home period, individuals may engage in more online leisure activities. Internet use is a double-edged sword that may have both desirable and undesirable effects on psychological well-being, and this study sought to disentangle adaptive from maladaptive internet use amidst this unusual health crisis. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of probable depression during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period and to test three hypothesized risk reduction or risk elevation mechanisms, namely social capital-accrual, escape-from-self, and time-displacement effects. METHODS This study took place from March to May 2020 at the early stage of the pandemic. The study adopted a prospective design, with an online survey administered to 573 UK and 474 US adult residents at two assessment points 2 months apart. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to severe depression was 36% (bootstrap bias-corrected and accelerated [BCa] 95% CI 33%-39%) at Time 1 (ie, initial time point) and 27% (bootstrap BCa 95% CI 25%-30%) at Time 2 (ie, follow-up time point). The results supported the social capital-accrual hypothesis by showing that the approach coping style was inversely associated with Time 2 depression through its positive associations with both social networking and perceived family support. The results also supported the escape-from-self hypothesis by revealing that the avoidant coping style was positively associated with Time 2 depression through its positive associations with both gaming and cyberbullying victimization, but the serial mediation model was no longer significant after Time 1 depression and some demographic risk factors had been controlled for. Finally, the results supported the time-displacement hypothesis by showing that gaming was positively associated with Time 2 depression through its inverse associations with social networking and perceived family support. CONCLUSIONS During the extended stay-at-home period in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of probable depression during the 2-month study period was high among the UK and US residents. Individuals with distinct coping styles may engage in different types of online leisure activities and perceive varying levels of social support, which are associated with risks of probable depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan-Ching Lau
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Promoting or prohibiting: Understanding the influence of social media on international students’ acculturation process, coping strategies, and psychological consequences. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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