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Quick BL, Chung M, Morrow E, Reynolds-Tylus T. Can Happiness and Sadness Overcome Organ Donation Barriers Following Exposure to Radio Ads? Journal of Health Communication 2024; 29:200-210. [PMID: 38354316 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2313988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Concerns related to bodily integrity, medical mistrust, superstition, and disgust with respect to organ transplantation remain commonly cited barriers among African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic non-donors. The current study examined two narrative strategies for mitigating these barriers by eliciting feelings of happiness or sadness. African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic non-donors (N = 576) were randomly assigned to a radio ad that communicated either a recipient narrative or a waiting list narrative. As expected, the recipient narrative elicited greater feelings of happiness whereas the waiting list narrative aroused greater feelings of sadness. Moderated mediation analyses revealed models in which happiness, not sadness, was the mediator, such that the narrative frame was associated with ad persuasiveness. Additionally, only medical mistrust interacted with happiness to predict ad persuasiveness The results are discussed with an emphasis on message design strategies to employ among reluctant adult African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic potential donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Quick
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Minhey Chung
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Morrow
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Quick BL, Morrow E, Bigman CA, Reynolds-Tylus T, Williamson LD. An evaluation of the license to save lives program to promote organ, eye, and tissue donation among teenagers. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15183. [PMID: 37943531 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As the number of designated organ donors continues to lag behind the number of waiting list patients, teenagers remain a promising demographic of potential organ donors. The current study enlisted Michigan and Ohio driver education students to participate in an online digital learning intervention, License to Save Lives (LTSL). Students were randomly assigned to either an interactive or noninteractive LTSL intervention. Across both states, the pretest-posttest design revealed greater knowledge among students following exposure to either the interactive or noninteractive LTSL program. No attitudinal or behavioral differences emerged between the interactive and noninteractive conditions. Michigan (39.82%) and Ohio (58.10%) students registered to be organ donors at a respectable rate. The results are discussed with an emphasis on feasibility and sustainability as well as the promise for digital games to promote organ donation knowledge, attitude, and registration among teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Quick
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ethan Morrow
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cabral A Bigman
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Martinez Gonzalez A, Skurka C. Leveraging Dynamic Norms to Reduce College Student Alcohol Use: A Test of Four Mediators. Health Commun 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37204004 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2212447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Social norms are common in persuasive messaging. For norms trending in a positive direction, it may be beneficial to emphasize change (i.e. dynamic norm) rather than the status quo (i.e. static norm). To test this proposition, we examined college students' responses to social norm messages encouraging moderate alcohol use. Undergraduates (N = 842) were randomly assigned to view a dynamic norm ("More college students drinking in moderation"), a static descriptive norm ("Most college students drink in moderation"), or a no message control. Four mechanisms were examined as potential mediators, three of which have been examined in previous work (preconformity, perceived importance, self-efficacy) and one of which was novel (psychological reactance). Results revealed that exposure to either social norm message (dynamic or static descriptive) was associated with more favorable attitude relative to a no message control. Attitude did not differ between the dynamic norm and static descriptive norm conditions. Only psychological reactance mediated the relationship between message condition (dynamic vs. static descriptive norm) and favorable attitude. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Skurka
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Lukacena KM, Truban O. Message Fatigue to Bystander Intervention Messages: Examining Pathways of Resistance among College Men. Health Commun 2021; 36:1759-1767. [PMID: 32716658 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1794551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bystander intervention programs are a feature on college campuses; however, the effectiveness of these programs among certain subsets of men has recently been questioned. The current study examines college men's resistance to bystander intervention efforts by investigating message fatigue as a theoretical explanation for how bystander intervention programs may fail among college men. Specifically, the current study examined both active (i.e., reactance) and passive (i.e., inattention) resistance to bystander intervention messages among a sample of college men (N = 518). Results were consistent with reactance as a mediating mechanism explaining message failure among fatigued audiences. The mediating role of inattention was not supported. Theoretical and practical implications of the current study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivia Truban
- Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
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Martinez Gonzalez A, Reynolds-Tylus T, Quick BL, Skurka C. Message Fatigue and Resistance to Anti–Binge Drinking Messages: Examining the Mediating Roles of Inattention and Reactance. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian L. Quick
- Department of Communication, Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chris Skurka
- Department of Film/Video and Media Studies, Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Martinez Gonzalez A, Reynolds-Tylus T, Quick BL, Skurka C. Message Fatigue and Resistance to Anti-Binge Drinking Messages: Examining the Mediating Roles of Inattention and Reactance. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:503-510. [PMID: 34343082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined message fatigue as a theoretical explanation for college students' resistance to anti-binge drinking messaging. Specifically, inattention and psychological reactance were examined as mediators bridging the message fatigue and perceived message effectiveness relationship. METHOD University students (N = 783, 60% female) were recruited by the university's SONA sampling system to participate in an online Qualtrics survey where they read a message discouraging binge drinking. RESULTS In line with our predictions, structural equation modeling revealed that message fatigue was positively associated with both inattention and reactance (as mediated by freedom threat). In turn, inattention, but not reactance, was negatively associated with perceived message effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that there may be deleterious consequences of message fatigue when discouraging binge drinking. The current results also highlight the importance of pilot testing anti-binge drinking messages for message fatigue during formative research to avoid triggering maladaptive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian L Quick
- Department of Communication, Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chris Skurka
- Department of Film/Video and Media Studies, Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Quick BL, Bigman CA, Williamson LD. An examination of teenagers' beliefs toward organ donor registration. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14237. [PMID: 33527535 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Teenagers represent a promising target population for organ donor registration efforts, as in the US teenagers age 15-17 may register their intent for organ donation, which later translates to consent at age 18. However, teenagers constitute a relatively understudied population in the organ donation literature. A sample of teenagers (N = 466) ranging in age from 13 to 19 was recruited from driver's education schools in Ohio and Michigan in order to learn more about their perceived reasons for and against registering as an organ donor. A coding scheme was developed, and responses were coded by two trained coders. In line with previous work in adult samples, our results revealed the three most common reasons for registering were prosocial benefits, rational arguments, and personal experience. In contrast to previous work among adults, the two most common reasons for not registering were bodily integrity and religious reasons. Several novel beliefs among teenagers that were both supportive and non-supportive of organ donor registration were identified. Findings from the current study are discussed with an emphasis on implications for practitioners working to promote organ donor registration among teenage audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian L Quick
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cabral A Bigman
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lillie D Williamson
- Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
The current study examines the relationship between mortality salience and attitude, beliefs, and behavior toward organ donor registration. Participants (N = 484) completed a laboratory study in a 2 (mortality salience vs. control) x 2 (processing: distal vs. proximal) between-subjects factorial design. Dependent variables included death thought accessibility, attitude, information seeking, and organ donation beliefs (bodily integrity, ick, jinx, and medical mistrust). Differences between conditions were examined with independent samples t-tests and χ2 analyses. Participants in the mortality salience condition reported greater death thought accessibility than those in the control; however, no difference in attitude nor information seeking (non-donors only) was found between the two conditions. No difference in attitude nor information seeking (non-donors only) was observed between participants engaging in distal versus proximal defensive processing. Participants in the mortality salience condition reported higher medical mistrust and bodily integrity than those in the control condition; no difference between ick or jinx was found between the two conditions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey A Harvell-Bowman
- School of Communication Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Madison E Sarlo
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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Skurka C, Reynolds-Tylus T, Quick B, Hartman D. What's at Stake: Evaluating a Run-Hide-Fight® Intervention Video through the Lens of Vested Interest Theory. J Health Commun 2020; 25:982-989. [PMID: 33554783 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1885084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have encouraged colleges and universities to create emergency preparedness interventions that prepare students, faculty, and staff for any conceivable campus crisis. In this investigation, we tested the efficacy of a professionally produced Run-Hide-Fight® video to accomplish such a goal with a convenience sample of college students. Drawing on Vested Interest Theory (VIT) to guide our evaluation, we observed significant gains in stake, salience, and self-efficacy for students exposed to the emergency preparedness video compared to those not exposed to the video. We find evidence not only for short-term gains immediately after message exposure but also persisting effects two weeks after exposure. In addition, greater perceptions of stake and salience in response to the video predicted more favorable attitudes toward emergency preparedness over time. These findings demonstrate the potential for brief messages shown in university classrooms to encourage students to feel vested in emergency preparedness on campus. They also shed light on promising messaging strategies to foster favorable attitudes toward emergency preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Skurka
- Department of Film Production and Media Studies, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- School of Communication Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian Quick
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Hartman
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Potter HA. An Examination of Nursing Students' Knowledge About Organ Donation. J Nurs Educ 2020; 59:388-391. [PMID: 32598008 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20200617-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play an important role in educating the public about organ donation, but only if they themselves are knowledgeable on the topic. This study examined nursing students' knowledge of common myths and misconceptions related to organ donation. METHOD Nursing students (N = 232) completed an anonymous online survey. Eight true/false questions assessed nursing students' knowledge of organ donation. RESULTS Overall, nursing students were knowledgeable about organ donation, correctly answering on average 5.55 of 8 questions. Nursing students were least likely to believe the myths that medical providers are untrustworthy and that organ donors are unable to have an open casket funeral, but they were most likely to believe the myth that there is a black market for organ donation in the United States. CONCLUSION The results provide useful data to nurse educators seeking to prepare the next generation of nurses to be knowledgeable and competent communicators on the topic of organ donation. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(7):388-391.].
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Lukacena KM, Quick BL. An application of the theory of normative social behavior to bystander intervention for sexual assault. J Am Coll Health 2019; 67:551-559. [PMID: 30285573 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1499648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Given the high prevalence of sexual assault on U.S. college campuses, the current study examines predictors of college students' intentions to intervene to prevent sexual assault through the lens of the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB). Participants: One hundred eighty-six undergraduate students age 18-25 were recruited from an introductory course at a large Midwestern university. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey during the 2015-2016 academic year. Results: Results indicated that descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and outcome expectations had direct positive effects on behavioral intention. However, no direct effect of group identity on intention was found. In addition to these main effects, an interaction between descriptive and injunctive norms was also observed. Conclusions: The results of the current study speak to theoretical questions surrounding the nature of TNSB variables, as well as several practical implications for coordinated efforts to promote bystander intervention on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- a School of Communication Studies, James Madison University , Harrisonburg , Virginia , USA
| | - Kaylee M Lukacena
- b Department of Communication, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Brian L Quick
- c Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , Illinois , USA
- d College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , Illinois , USA
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Quick BL, King AJ, Reynolds-Tylus T, Moore M. An evaluation of a motor vehicle facility campaign with an established statewide donor registry: A test of sustainable, evidence-based intervention strategies. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13475. [PMID: 30614078 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing organ donor registration enrollment inside motor vehicle facilities (MVF) is a common approach in the United States. From this research, a formula for what works has emerged within the literature including the presence of an interpersonal component, video messages, and point-of-decision materials. These intervention components have demonstrated effectiveness at increasing registrations in relatively new statewide registries; however, their effectiveness in MVFs with a mature registry remains understudied. The current study examined the effectiveness of an online MVF clerk intervention and the other examined the effectiveness of a multi-message, phase MVF intervention aimed at increasing organ donation registrations. The results revealed that MVF clerks garnered increased knowledge and greater comfort in communicating about organ donation with patrons after the intervention. Moreover, the intervention revealed that clerk talk effectiveness was positively associated with organ donation registration among MVF customers. Against expectations, recall of video messages was negatively associated with new registrations. Exposure to the brochure, counter mat, and poster donation messages was not associated with organ donation registration. An emphasis on the strengths and shortcomings of using MVFs as intervention sites for organ donation registration promotion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Quick
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Andy J King
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.,Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Miriam Moore
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Abstract
The high prevalence of sexual assault in US college campuses has led to a widespread implementation of bystander intervention programs aimed at preventing sexual assault. The current study examines predictors of college students' intentions to engage in bystander intervention through the theoretical lens of the reasoned action approach. An online survey with college students (N = 186) was conducted at a large Midwestern university. Our results indicated experiential attitudes, instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, autonomy, and capacity, each positively associated with participants' intentions to intervene to stop a sexual assault. Against expectations, injunctive norms were unrelated to bystander intervention intentions. Finally, in addition to these main effects, an experiential attitude by autonomy interaction was also observed. The results are discussed with a focus on the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian L Quick
- c Department of Communication , College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Skurka C, Quick BL, Reynolds-Tylus T, Short T, Bryan AL. An evaluation of a college campus emergency preparedness intervention. J Safety Res 2018; 65:67-72. [PMID: 29776531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the range of emergencies that beset postsecondary institutions, university administrators must take a multimodal approach to prepare campus stakeholders for safety threats. One such strategy is emergency preparedness communication. METHODS In the present investigation, we tested the efficacy of a professionally produced video that uses the federally endorsed slogan, Run-Hide-Fight(r). Undergraduate students participated in a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest-delayed posttest control group design. RESULTS Using the theory of planned behavior as our guiding framework, we found that video exposure increased attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, as well as knowledge of recommended behavioral responses. Favorable attitudes and injunctive norms positively predicted intentions at the initial and delayed posttests. Importantly, the video's effects on most of the outcomes endured two weeks after video exposure. CONCLUSIONS A brief emergency preparedness video using the Run-Hide-Fight(r) theme can have immediate and lingering effects on psychosocial predictors of appropriate emergency response behaviors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Administrators at higher education institutions should consider showing emergency preparedness messages to increase the likelihood that stakeholders will take appropriate action in case of a campus threat. In particular, these messages should aim to promote favorable attitudes toward appropriate response behaviors and instill beliefs that appropriate responses ought to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian L Quick
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | | | - Todd Short
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Ann L Bryan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
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Quick BL, LaVoie NR, Reynolds-Tylus T, Martinez-Gonzalez A, Skurka C. Examining Mechanisms Underlying Fear-Control in the Extended Parallel Process Model. Health Commun 2018; 33:379-391. [PMID: 28094540 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1266738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation sought to advance the extended parallel process model in important ways by testing associations among the strengths of efficacy and threat appeals with fear as well as two outcomes of fear-control processing, psychological reactance and message minimization. Within the context of print ads admonishing against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and the fictitious Trepidosis virus, partial support was found for the additive model with no support for the multiplicative model. High efficacy appeals mitigated freedom threat perceptions across both contexts. Fear was positively associated with both freedom threat perceptions within the NIHL context and favorable attitudes for both NIHL and Trepidosis virus contexts. In line with psychological reactance theory, a freedom threat was positively associated with psychological reactance. Reactance, in turn, was positively associated with message minimization. The models supported reactance preceding message minimization across both message contexts. Both the theoretical and practical implications are discussed with an emphasis on future research opportunities within the fear-appeal literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Quick
- a Department of Communication , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- b College of Medicine , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | | | | | - Chris Skurka
- d Department of Communication , Cornell University
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Feeley TH, Anker AE, Evans M, Reynolds-Tylus T. A Department of Motor Vehicle-Based Intervention to Promote Organ Donor Registrations in New York State. Prog Transplant 2017; 27:273-280. [PMID: 29187097 DOI: 10.1177/1526924817715471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Examination of efficacy of motor vehicle representative educational training and dissemination of promotional materials as a means to promote organ donation enrollments in New York State. OBJECTIVE To increase the number of New York State residents who consent to donation through the department of motor vehicle transactions during project period. SETTING County-run motor vehicle offices across New York State. PARTICIPANTS Customers who present to New York Department of Motor Vehicle offices and the representative who work at designated bureaus. INTERVENTIONS point-of-decision materials including promotional posters, brochures, website, and the motor vehicle representative training sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reasons for enrollment decision, knowledge/experience with donation, monthly consent rates, enrollment in state organ, and tissue registry. RESULTS Customers who elected not to register reported no reason or uncertainty surrounding enrollment. The representatives reported experience with donation, discussion with customers, and need for additional education on organ donation. Enrollment cards were mailed to 799 project staff; counties where offices participated in intervention did not indicate significantly higher monthly enrollments when comparing pre- to postenrollment rates. CONCLUSIONS Use of point-of-decision materials and enrollment cards proved inexpensive method to register customers with a 3.6% return rate. Customers report low (27%) enrollment rate and reticence to consent to donation. Educational training sessions with representatives did not yield significant enrollment increases when evaluating data at county-level enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hugh Feeley
- 1 Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ashley E Anker
- 1 Department of Communication, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Evans
- 2 New York Alliance for Donation, Inc, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- 3 Department of Communication, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Quick BL, Reynolds-Tylus T, Fico AE, Feeley TH. An investigation into mature adults’ attitudinal reluctance to register as organ donors. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:1250-1257. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Quick
- College of Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL USA
- Department of Communication; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL USA
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- Department of Communication; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL USA
| | - Ashley E. Fico
- Department of Public Health & Health Education; The College at Brockport; State University of New York; Brockport NY USA
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Quick BL, Reynolds-Tylus T, Fico AE, Feeley TH. Source and Message Framing Considerations for Recruiting Mature Adults as Organ Donors Through Direct Mail Campaigns. Prog Transplant 2016; 26:309-313. [DOI: 10.1177/1526924816663518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Context: Mature adults represent an important audience segment for organ donation practitioners. Despite their potential impact as organ donors, compared to other age demographics, their registration rates are much lower. Objective: The objective of the current campaign was to determine the most effective source and message strategy to promote organ and tissue donation among mature adults. Methods: A 2 (states: Illinois and Iowa) by 2 (sources: government agency and organ procurement organization [OPO]) by 3 (taglines: Any age is the right age to share the gift of life, Don’t rule yourself out, and Don’t rule yourself out: Any age is the right age to share the gift of life) between-subjects design was used to test the effectiveness of direct mailings promoting organ donation to mature adults. Results: Across both Illinois and Iowa, the results revealed that greater organ donation registration rates emerged following exposure to direct mail authored by a state official such as the Illinois Secretary of State or the Iowa Department of Public Health compared to local OPOs. Conclusions: Overall, the findings speak to the effectiveness of direct mail marketing campaign’s ability to register potential organ donors. Moreover, the results reveal that it is more important who sends the message as opposed to what the message states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Quick
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Ashley E. Fico
- The College at Brockport, State University of New York, NY, USA
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Quick BL, LaVoie NR, Reynolds-Tylus T, Bosch D, Morgan SE. Does Donor Status, Race, and Biological Sex Predict Organ Donor Registration Barriers? J Natl Med Assoc 2016; 108:140-146. [PMID: 27692353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to examine differences among bodily integrity, disgust, medical mistrust, and superstition among African Americans, Caucasians, and Latinos; females and males; and registered organ donors and non-registered potential donors. METHODS A random digit dialing phone survey was utilized to garner information pertaining to organ donation beliefs among African American (n = 200), Caucasian (n = 200), and Latino (n = 200) Chicago residents. More specifically, participants responded to measures of bodily integrity, disgust, medical mistrust, and superstition, organ donor registration status, among others. RESULTS The results indicated that African American and Latino participants were less likely to be registered organ donors than Caucasians (p < .001). In general, females maintained fewer barriers than males with respect to bodily integrity (p < .05), disgust (p = .01), and superstition (p = .01). With respect to organ donation barriers, bodily integrity (p < .0001) emerged as a central concern among those surveyed. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of audience segmentation when promoting posthumous organ and tissue donation. Specifically, the results stress the importance of constructing distinct messages to non-registered potential donors compared to messages delivered to registered donors. Moreover, different barriers surfaced among females and males as well as among African American, Caucasian, and Latino residents. It is clear that a one size fits all approach will likely not work when promoting organ and tissue donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Quick
- Department of Communication, The College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Nichole R LaVoie
- Department of Communication, The College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- Department of Communication, The College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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Reynolds-Tylus T, Rinaldi-Miles A, Quick BL. Examining the Principles of Influence on Safer Sex Communication During Casual and Committed Sexual Encounters. J Health Commun 2015; 20:1214-23. [PMID: 26161726 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1018631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Teens and young people are at risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections. Understanding how relationship context may moderate the effectiveness of safer sex communication strategies among this demographic is important information for practitioners striving to promote safer sex behaviors. In this study, focus groups (N = 9) with college students were conducted and analyzed to examine the relation between 6 principles of influence (authority, consistency, liking, reciprocity, scarcity, and social proof) and safer sex communication during committed and casual sexual encounters. Results revealed that with the exceptions of social proof and consistency, the principles of influence were endorsed more frequently for casual than committed sexual encounters. For casual sexual encounters, the principles of authority, reciprocity, and scarcity arose as influential principles. For committed sexual encounters, the principles of consistency, liking, and reciprocity arose as influential principles. These results are discussed with an emphasis on the theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- a Department of Communication , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | - Anna Rinaldi-Miles
- b School of Kinesiology and Recreation , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois , USA
| | - Brian L Quick
- c Department of Communication and College of Medicine , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
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Feeley TH, Reynolds-Tylus T, Anker AE, Evans M. Reasons for (not) Signing the State Registry: Surveying Department of Motor Vehicles Customers in New York State. Prog Transplant 2014; 24:97-105. [DOI: 10.7182/pit2014390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context Prior research examining rationales for enrolling as an organ donor is biased because of its reliance on college student samples and retrospective recall. Objective To characterize New York state residents' registry enrollment decisions in close proximity to a registration opportunity. Design Surveys were conducted with customers exiting Department of Motor Vehicle offices. Participants A total of 1325 customers were surveyed upon exiting 1 of 18 Department of Motor Vehicle offices spanning 9 counties. Main Outcome Measure Customers making donation-relevant transactions (ie, license renewal/registration) reported whether they had registered as a donor that day, and all other customers reported whether they had registered as a donor in the past. Customers reported reasons to justify their enrollment decision through short interview questions. Results Among current donation-relevant transactions (n = 299), 27% reported enrolling in the registry. Of remaining customers, 39% reported enrolling in the state registry in the past. For those who elected not to enroll, many failed to communicate a reason for their decision, or reported a lack of opportunity to sign or decisional uncertainty. Among enrollees, reasons for registration included the altruistic benefits of donation, prior registration, personal experience with donation, and rational arguments for donation. Conclusion The value of point-of-decision survey data are discussed in relation to strategic efforts to promote organ donor registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hugh Feeley
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (THF, TRT, AEA), New York Alliance for Donation, Inc (ME)
| | - Tobias Reynolds-Tylus
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (THF, TRT, AEA), New York Alliance for Donation, Inc (ME)
| | - Ashley E. Anker
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (THF, TRT, AEA), New York Alliance for Donation, Inc (ME)
| | - Melanie Evans
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (THF, TRT, AEA), New York Alliance for Donation, Inc (ME)
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