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Zhou X, Patrick Rau PL. Interruption Value Type and Source Matter in Different Phases of an Interruption Process: Emotional/Cognitive Impact and Neural Evidence. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:1431-1449. [PMID: 36606333 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221150353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of interruption value type (utilitarian, hedonic) and source (external, internal) in different phases of an interruption process. BACKGROUND Prior studies on interruption mostly focused on the cognitive outcomes of utilitarian interruptions. Hedonic interruptions are common in life; however, they are not sufficiently explored through research. Hedonic value is closely associated with emotional experiences, and, in turn, influences behaviors. Moreover, the way the effect of values is moderated by interruptions initiated by intrinsic motives is worth exploring. METHOD A 2 × 2 mixed design experiment was conducted with 48 participants who were asked to respond to instant messages during the writing task. The interruption value was induced by work or non-work tasks. The interruption source was manipulated by providing an alert. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, behavioral data, and subjective measurements were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Hedonic interruptions increased emotional valence, while utilitarian interruptions decreased it. These effects were strengthened by internal interruptions. The effect of interruption value type on work exhaustion was also moderated by the source. Interruption value type and source influenced the attention allocation before an interruption occurred. Hedonic interruptions led to longer resumption lags, whereas utilitarian interruptions required longer interruption durations. Internal interruptions led to improved performance in the resumed task. CONCLUSION Interruption source modulate the effect of interruption value type, especially on emotional experience and attention allocation before an interruption occurs. APPLICATION Self-initiated hedonic interruptions have emotional benefits, while alerts for utilitarian interruptions will improve attention on the main task before interruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Consiglio C, Massa N, Sommovigo V, Fusco L. Techno-Stress Creators, Burnout and Psychological Health among Remote Workers during the Pandemic: The Moderating Role of E-Work Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7051. [PMID: 37998281 PMCID: PMC10671499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote working was pervasively implemented, causing an increase in technology-related job demands. Concurrently, there was an increase in psychological problems in the occupational population. This study on remote workers tested a moderated mediation model positing burnout, conceptualized according to the Burnout Assessment Tool, as the mediator between techno-stressors and psychological health outcomes and e-work self-efficacy as a protective personal resource. A sample of 225 remote workers filled out anonymous questionnaires measuring techno-stressors, e-work self-efficacy, burnout, and psychological health symptoms (i.e., depressive mood and anxiety symptoms). The data were analyzed using structural equation mediation and moderated mediation models, adopting a parceling technique. The results showed that burnout totally mediated the relationship between techno-stressors and depressive mood, while partially mediating the association between techno-stressors and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, e-work self-efficacy buffered the positive effects of techno-stressors on depressive mood and anxiety symptoms through burnout. The present research attested to the relevance of techno-stressors for the psychological health of remote workers and supported burnout as a mediator of this process, although anxiety symptoms were also directly related to techno-stressors. Moreover, the protective role of domain-specific self-efficacy was confirmed in the realm of remote working. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Consiglio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Massa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sommovigo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Fusco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Gong Y, Chen C, Tang X, Xiao J. The Relationship Between Work-to-Family Conflict and Conspicuous Consumption: An Identity Theory Perspective. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:39-56. [PMID: 36636292 PMCID: PMC9831074 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s388190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The adverse effects of work-to-family conflict in occupational health fields have been widely concerned. However, we do not yet know whether and how work-to-family conflict affects people's consumption behavior. This study used identity theory as the conceptual framework to test the hidden link between work-to-family conflict and conspicuous consumption, the possible underlying mechanism of status anxiety, and the boundary condition of work-family centrality. Methods We conducted two quantitative studies to test the hypotheses. Study 1 used a cross-sectional survey (N = 486) to test the relationship between work-to-family conflict and conspicuous consumption and the mechanism of the relationship. Study 2 used a 10-day daily diary survey (Nbetween = 100, Nwithin = 776) to duplicate the results of Study 1 and further test the moderating effect of work-family centrality. Results We found that work-to-family conflict was positively related to conspicuous consumption, and this relationship was mediated by increased status anxiety. Moreover, this mediating effect was more substantial for employees with lower work-family centrality. Conclusion This research is the first to link work-to-family conflict and conspicuous consumption theoretically and empirically. The findings supported identity theory, adding new knowledge to the consequences of work-to-family conflict and contributing to organizations' prevention and intervention programs on behavioral health issues in work-family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Gong
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China,School of Business Administration, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Tang
- School of Business, Hunan Women’s University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiuyuan Tang, School of Business, Hunan Women’s University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Jun Xiao
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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“My other hand”: The central role of smartphones and SNSs in Korean students’ lives and studies. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mutually Complementary Effects of Cyberloafing and Cyber-Life-Interruption on Employee Exhaustion. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2022.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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When Thoughts Have No Off Switch: The Cost of Telepressure and Message-based Communication behaviour within Boundary-crossing Contexts. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 6:545-564. [PMID: 36339884 PMCID: PMC9628384 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Communication technology enables employees to be constantly connected at the cost of potentially blurring the boundaries between work and private life, which can be detrimental to their well-being. The present study utilised a quantitative diary approach (N = 269 employees, N = 1256 data points) to provide further evidence on the association between telepressure and ruminative thoughts within boundary-crossing contexts (i.e., including work-related behaviour and cognitions during leisure time as well as private-related behaviour and cognitions at work). On a day-to-day level, we examined if context-incongruent telepressure had a positive effect on context-incongruent affective rumination through context-incongruent message-based communication behaviour. Multilevel analyses supported our hypothesised mediation models. Altogether, findings reveal that quickly replying towards messages or its related cognition (i.e., telepressure) may result in a resource-draining experience in terms of affective rumination within both boundary-crossing contexts. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues are discussed.
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Schuster AM, Cotten SR, Meshi D. Established Adults, Who Self-Identify as Smartphone and/or Social Media Overusers, Struggle to Balance Smartphone Use for Personal and Work Purposes. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022; 30:78-89. [PMID: 36101741 PMCID: PMC9454384 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone ownership and use continues to proliferate, allowing people to easily access online communication, entertainment, and information. Importantly, individuals can perceive that they overuse their smartphone and/or the social media applications (apps) they access on their devices. Much of the research on smartphone overuse has focused on youth and emerging adults, with little research focusing on individuals in the established adulthood stage of life. This study examines smartphone use among established adults who perceive that they overuse their smartphone and/or social media. As part of a larger study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 individuals (30-45 years old) who self-identified as smartphone and/or social media overusers. Data were collected through a pre-survey, 1-hour interview, and smartphone use screenshots. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and then coded using NVivo software. Participants' average age was 35.9 years (SD = 4.1). The majority of the sample were female (67%), White (76%), and had a master's degree or higher (76%). Participants spent an average of 215 min on their smartphone daily, primarily using social media, video conferencing, and texting apps. Issues with smartphone use occurred when there was an unclear separation between work and personal use. Participants felt pressure to always respond quickly to work emails. An effort was made to limit smartphone use for work and during family time to be present for their family. Established adults strive to balance smartphone use for personal and work purposes. Creating boundaries for how and when established adults use their smartphone may help them find this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Schuster
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Shelia R. Cotten
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- grid.26090.3d0000 0001 0665 0280Department of Communication, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Dar Meshi
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Huyghebaert-Zouaghi T, Morin AJ, Fernet C, Austin S, Gillet N. Longitudinal profiles of work-family interface: Their individual and organizational predictors, personal and work outcomes, and implications for onsite and remote workers. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Digital interruptions permeating work-nonwork boundaries: Effect of interruption values on knowledge workers’ emotional experiences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wijngaards I, Pronk FR, Burger MJ. For whom and under what circumstances does email message batching work? Internet Interv 2022; 27:100494. [PMID: 35257000 PMCID: PMC8897209 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Email plays an essential role in organizational communication but can also serve as pertinent source of work interruption and an impediment to well-being. Scholars have proposed email batching, processing emails only at certain times of the day, as a strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of email at work. As empirical evidence is mixed and applications in natural organizational contexts are lacking, we used survey data collected during a quasi-experimental top-down intervention in a Dutch financial services organization to investigate for whom and under what circumstances email batching is effective for reducing email interruptions and ameliorating well-being. We found that participants in the intervention group encountered less email interruptions than participants in the control group. Moreover, email batching reduced emotional exhaustion captured right after the intervention ended, especially for workers dealing with high email volumes and workers believing that instantaneous response was not expected in their organization. The effects of email batching wore off after two weeks and no significant effects on work engagement were found. We conclude that email batching should not be regarded as panacea for enhancing well-being and should only encouraged if it fits with workers' job tasks and organizational expectations regarding email response times more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy Wijngaards
- Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Erasmus School of Health & Policy Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florie R. Pronk
- Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. Burger
- Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Organization, Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, Van der Goot Building, M5-37, 3062 PA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Giusino D, Bowman N, Toscano F. Work From Home (WFH) During COVID-19: Is Virtual Reality (VR) a New Solution to New Problems? J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e755-e756. [PMID: 34325439 PMCID: PMC8478089 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giusino
- Department of Psychology
- Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Nick Bowman
- College of Media & Communication
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock, Texas
| | - Ferdinando Toscano
- Department of Psychology
- Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna
- Bologna, Italy
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Zhong J, Chen Y, Yan J, Luo J. The mixed blessing of cyberloafing on innovation performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021; 126:106982. [PMID: 34493897 PMCID: PMC8413076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced major changes in work routines. With many people now working from home, cyberloafing is increasingly widespread. The COVID-19 pandemic is also an economic downturn that is disruptive and challenging for organizations. Innovation is a vital strategy for organizations to survive and recover from the pandemic crisis. Recent research suggests that cyberloafing can produce complex workplace outcomes. Therefore, we seek to explore how and why cyberloafing affects employee innovation performance. Based on the conservation of resources theory, our study explores the potential positive and negative effects of cyberloafing on employee innovation performance by identifying job anxiety, state gratitude and perceived meaning of work as critical mediating mechanisms in the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from an online survey (N = 544) during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that COVID-19 based informational cyberloafing was positively related to employees' innovation performance by enhancing their perceived meaning of work. It simultaneously weakened and strengthened employees’ perceived meaning of work through increased job anxiety and state gratitude, and ultimately had mixed effects on innovation performance. Our findings provide both theoretical and practical insights on personal internet use as well as innovation activation in crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Jinlian Luo
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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The reciprocal relationships between social media self-control failure, mindfulness and wellbeing: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255648. [PMID: 34347832 PMCID: PMC8336798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to shed light on the question whether, and how, social media self-control failure is related to mindfulness and wellbeing. Using a 3-wave longitudinal design, the present study among 594 daily social media users examined the reciprocal relationships between social media self-control failure and mindfulness, and between social media self-control failure and wellbeing (as assessed by subjective vitality and life satisfaction). Results of the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model showed that social media self-control failure has a time-invariant negative association with mindfulness and subjective vitality. No full reciprocal influence was found between social media self-control failure and mindfulness, yet part of this trajectory was observed, suggesting that social media self-control failure could impair mindfulness, which, in turn, might increase future social media self-control failure. For wellbeing, life satisfaction was found to predict subsequent drops in social media self-control failure.
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Liu Y, Du J, Li Y. The Cost of Excessive Smartphone Use: Guilt Cross the Work-Family Domains. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701482. [PMID: 34354643 PMCID: PMC8330811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence has accumulated showing that smartphone use at work has the double-edged sword impacts on work-related attitudes and behaviors, but little is known about how its effects transmit and spill over from the workplace to the family domain. Drawing upon compensatory ethics theory, we hypothesize positive associations of employees’ daily private smartphone use at work with their family role performance after work through feeling of guilt. Using an experience sampling methodology, we test our hypotheses in a sample of 101 employees who completed surveys across 10 consecutive workdays. Multilevel path analysis results showed that excessive smartphone use at work triggered experienced guilt, and had a positive indirect effect on family role performance via feeling of guilt. Furthermore, employees with high ability of emotion regulation can be better resolve own painful emotion by engaging in family role performance. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and propose future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Du
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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