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Golds L, Gillespie-Smith K, MacBeth A. Associations between maternal smartphone use and mother-infant responsiveness: A cluster analysis of potential risk and protective factors. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:341-353. [PMID: 38478546 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Contradictory results in the extant literature suggests that additional risk factors should be considered when exploring the impacts of maternal smartphone use on mother-infant relationships. This study used cluster analysis to explore whether certain risk factors were implicated in mother-infant dyads with high smartphone use and low mother-infant responsiveness. A cross-sectional survey of 450 participants in the UK measured infant social-emotional development, maternal depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, wellbeing, social support, smartphone use, and mother-infant responsiveness. Participants were predominantly White (95.3%) and living with a partner (95.2%), with infants who were born full-term (88.9%). Cluster analysis identified three clusters characterized as; cluster (1) "infant at risk" showing high infant development concerns, high maternal smartphone use, and low mother-infant responsiveness; cluster (2) "mother at risk" showing high maternal depressive, anxiety, and stress scores, low social support, high maternal smartphone use, and low mother-infant responsiveness, and cluster (3) "low risk" showing low maternal smartphone use and high mother-infant responsiveness. Significant differences were found between all risk factors, except for maternal smartphone use and mother-infant responsiveness between clusters 1 and 2 suggesting that both clusters require early intervention, although interventions should be tailored towards the different risk factors they are presenting with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Golds
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Angus MacBeth
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Flatebø S, Óturai G, Hernik M. No evidence for adult smartphone use affecting attribution of communicative intention in toddlers: Online imitation study using the Sock Ball Task. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300874. [PMID: 38517933 PMCID: PMC10959379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adults infer others' communicative intentions, or lack thereof, from various types of information. Young children may be initially limited to attributions based on a small set of ostensive signals. It is unknown when richer pragmatic inferences about communicative intentions emerge in development. We sought novel type of evidence for such inferences in 17-to-19-month-olds. We hypothesized that toddlers recognize adults' smartphone use in face-to-face interactions as incongruous with ostension and would rely on this interpretation when inferring the communicative intention of a model in a new imitation task conducted entirely online, dubbed the Sock Ball Task. In Experiment 1 with a between-subject design, we tested the hypothesis by assessing toddlers' (N = 48) imitation of sub-efficient means and the goal-outcome presented by a model, who interrupted her ostensive demonstration either by using a smartphone or by fiddling with her wristwatch, depending on the condition. We expected toddlers to imitate the sub-efficient means more faithfully in the wristwatch condition than in the smartphone condition. But there was no significant effect of condition on imitation of neither means nor goal. Thus, our hypothesis was not borne out by the results. In Experiment 2, using a within-subject design, we first assessed toddlers' (N = 24) performance in a no-demonstration baseline and then again after a no-disruption ostensive demonstration. In all three conditions with ostensive demonstration (Experiment 1: smartphone, wristwatch; Experiment 2: no-disruption), toddlers produced the demonstrated sub-efficient means significantly above the baseline level. In the no-disruption condition, goals were also imitated significantly above the baseline level. We conclude that the Sock Ball Task is a valid research tool for studying toddler imitation of novel means actions with objects. We end by discussing suggestions for improving the task in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Flatebø
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gabriella Óturai
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mikołaj Hernik
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Kattein E, Schmidt H, Witt S, Jörren HL, Menrath I, Rumpf HJ, Wartberg L, Pawils S. Increased Digital Media Use in Preschool Children: Exploring the Links with Parental Stress and Their Problematic Media Use. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1921. [PMID: 38136123 PMCID: PMC10742172 DOI: 10.3390/children10121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense or problematic media use behavior of parents could serve as a role model for their children's media use behavior. So far, knowledge is scarce about increased children's media use (ICMU) and its association with parental stress (PS) and problematic parental media use (PPMU). METHODS ICMU was examined using a modified set of the DSM-5 criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. PS was assessed via the widely used Parenting Stress Index, and PPMU was assessed using the Short Compulsive Internet Use Scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the links between ICMU, PS, and PPMU. A mediation analysis was performed to examine if PPMU mediated the relationship between PS and ICMU. RESULTS In sum, 809 parents (M = 36.89 years; SD = 4.87; 81.4% female) of preschool children (average age: 44.75 months, SD = 13.68) participated in the study. ICMU was statistically significantly related to higher age of the parent, greater PPMU, and higher PS. Furthermore, we found that the association between PS and ICMU was partially mediated by PPMU. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that more pronounced PS and PPMU are associated with ICMU, highlighting the necessity of considering these parental variables when developing early prevention strategies for preschool-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kattein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Witt
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Lea Jörren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingo Menrath
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Pawils
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Dong C, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Li Y. Parental Phubbing and Child Social-Emotional Adjustment: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4267-4285. [PMID: 37877136 PMCID: PMC10591670 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parental phubbing refers to the act of parents using mobile phones in the presence of their children instead of engaging with them. With increasing smartphone use in many households, parental phubbing is a potential threat to children's healthy development. This meta-analysis synthesized the existing evidence on the impact of parental phubbing on children's social-emotional development to examine the effect sizes and identify the moderators. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across multiple electronic databases (Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 2012 to May 2023. Our search included both English and Chinese literature, encompassing published journal articles as well as thesis. To assess the risk of bias, we utilized the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot interpretation and Egger's regression intercept. Results Our comprehensive search identified 42 studies with 56,275 children and 59 effect sizes. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed that parental phubbing was positively associated with children's internalizing problems (r = 0.270; 95% CI [0.234, 0.304]) and externalizing problems (r = 0.210; 95% CI [0.154, 0.264]), while negatively correlated with children's self-concept (r = -0.206; 95% CI [-0.244, -0.168]) and social-emotional competence (r = -0.162; 95% CI [-0.207, -0.120]). Furthermore, the parental phubbing group moderated the association between parental phubbing and internalizing problems, when both parents engage in phubbing, there is a stronger association with children's externalizing problems compared to when only one parent is engaging in phubbing. Discussion The findings of this meta-analysis provide strong evidence supporting the detrimental effects of parental phubbing on child social-emotional adjustment. Consequently, parents, researchers, and the government must collaborate to mitigate parental phubbing and promote the healthy development of children's social-emotional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Dong
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Gueron-Sela N, Shalev I, Gordon-Hacker A, Egotubov A, Barr R. Screen media exposure and behavioral adjustment in early childhood during and after COVID-19 home lockdown periods. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 140:107572. [PMID: 36438719 PMCID: PMC9677335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that young children's screen media use has sharply increased since the outbreak of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the long-term impact of these changes on children's adjustment is currently unclear. The goals of the current study were to assess longitudinal trajectories of young children's screen media exposure through a series of national COVID-19 home lockdowns and to examine the predictive associations between different aspects of media exposure and post-lockdown behavioral adjustment. Data were collected at four timepoints during and after home lockdown periods in Israel. Longitudinal data measuring various aspects of media use, behavioral conduct and emotional problems were gathered from a sample of 313 Israeli children (54% females) between the ages two to five years (Mage at T1 = 3.6), by surveying their mothers at 5 points in time. Child overall screen time use, exposure to background television, use of media to regulate child distress and maternal mobile device use all changed throughout the lockdown periods. Moreover, during lockdowns children's behavior problems were concurrently and positively correlated with screen time, use of media to regulate child distress, and exposure to background television. However, these were not longitudinally related to child behavior problems in the post-lockdown period. Possible implications for family media use during a public health crisis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Gueron-Sela
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Israel
| | - Ido Shalev
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Israel
| | | | - Alisa Egotubov
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Rachel Barr
- The Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, USA
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Okano S, Araki A, Kimura K, Fukuda I, Miyamoto A, Tanaka H. Questionnaire survey on sleep habits of 3-year-old children in Asahikawa City: Comparison between 2005 and 2020. Brain Dev 2023; 45:332-342. [PMID: 36806406 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good sleep is essential for children's healthy growth. In 2005, we conducted a questionnaire survey on children's sleep habits and their background, targeting parents who attended health checkups for their 3-year-old children in Asahikawa City, Hokkaido. In 2020, we performed a secondary survey, including additional questions regarding media usage. We analyzed changes in children's sleep environment by comparing the results of both surveys. METHODS Children from 500 families (n = 420; 219 males, 201 females; mean age, 3.6 years) who underwent 3.5-year-old health checkups (per the changed schedule in 2015) in Asahikawa City from July 2020 to November 2020 and their parents who had completely answered the questionnaire were included. RESULTS The proportion of children who used childcare support system such as nursery schools or kindergarten increased from 30% in the previous survey to 95% in the present survey. The mean nocturnal sleep duration of children was 9.33 h in the present survey, 0.77 h shorter than that in the previous survey; similar to the previous survey results, it was significantly short (8.71 h) in children who went to bed after 10 PM. Moreover, it was significantly short in children who watched television for more than two hours or used media within two hours before going to bed or if parents used smartphones or watched motion pictures for >30 min/day. The rate of consulting pediatricians regarding sleep problems decreased from 3% to 2.4%. CONCLUSION Parents' lifestyles greatly influenced children's sleep habits in 2020. Pediatricians should actively participate in managing children's sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Okano
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan.
| | - Akiko Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Child Development General Support Center, Japan
| | - Kayano Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Ikue Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Akie Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Children, Japan
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Smartphone-Nutzung in Gegenwart von Babys und Kleinkindern: Ein systematisches Review. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2022; 71:305-326. [DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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