1
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Zhu J, Yan J, Wang F, Zhang L, Li J, Cheng M, Yang L, Liu Y. Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement Strategy to Yield 2-Hydroxycyclohepta-1,3-diene-1-carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8734-8744. [PMID: 38814709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement of propargyl alcohols, derived from commercially available cyclohex-2-en-1-ones and alkynes, was successfully developed for the efficient synthesis of seven-membered rings. Thorough investigations were conducted to optimize the reaction conditions and evaluate its compatibility with various functional groups. Additionally, this methodology was applied to the formal total synthesis of guanacastepene A, demonstrating its practical utility in complex natural product synthesis. This versatile and efficient approach opens up new possibilities for the construction of diverse seven-membered ring systems, providing valuable building blocks for further exploration in drug discovery and the synthesis of intricate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Jianghao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Fudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaji Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
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2
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Shende VV, Bauman KD, Moore BS. The shikimate pathway: gateway to metabolic diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:604-648. [PMID: 38170905 PMCID: PMC11043010 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2023The shikimate pathway is the metabolic process responsible for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Seven metabolic steps convert phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) into shikimate and ultimately chorismate, which serves as the branch point for dedicated aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants (yet not animals) biosynthesize chorismate and exploit its intermediates in their specialized metabolism. This review highlights the metabolic diversity derived from intermediates of the shikimate pathway along the seven steps from PEP and E4P to chorismate, as well as additional sections on compounds derived from prephenate, anthranilate and the synonymous aminoshikimate pathway. We discuss the genomic basis and biochemical support leading to shikimate-derived antibiotics, lipids, pigments, cofactors, and other metabolites across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shende
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Katherine D Bauman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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3
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Chen L, Zhang M, Liu M, Liu Z, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Yu F, Huang J. Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-functionalization/cyclization of 1-aryl-5-aminopyrazoles with iodonium ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:432-435. [PMID: 38086626 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed selective mono- and dual-C-H bond functionalization/cyclization with iodonium ylide as a single coupling partner was demonstrated, in which fused benzodiazepine skeletons were obtained in excellent yields. This method greatly improved an effective approach to dual C-H unsymmetrical functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Mingshuai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoyuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yuetong Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming, University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China.
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4
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Gajjela BK, Zhou MM. Bromodomain inhibitors and therapeutic applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102323. [PMID: 37207401 PMCID: PMC10524616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain acts to recognize acetylated lysine in histones and transcription proteins and plays a fundamental role in chromatin-based cellular processes including gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. Many bromodomain proteins, particularly the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 have been implicated in cancers and inflammatory disorders and recognized as attractive drug targets. Although clinical studies of many BET bromodomain inhibitors have made substantial progress toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the bromodomain proteins, the development of this new class of epigenetic drugs is met with challenges, especially on-target dose-limiting toxicity. In this review, we highlight the current development of new-generation small molecule inhibitors for the BET and non-BET bromodomain proteins and discuss the research strategies used to target different bromodomain proteins for a wide array of human diseases including cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Gajjela
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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5
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Pourtaher H, Hasaninejad A, Zare S, Tanideh N, Iraji A. The anti-Alzheimer potential of novel spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine derivatives as targeted cholinesterase inhibitors with modified substituents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11952. [PMID: 37488177 PMCID: PMC10366214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new series of spiro indolin-1,2-diazepine were designed, synthesized, and screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory activities. A novel, green, high-yielding approach was constructed to synthesize spiro indolin-1,2-diazepine derivatives through a cascade reaction of different isatins, malononitrile and 1,1-enediamines (EDAMs) via sequential four-component reactions to produce the target compounds with good to excellent yields. Next the inhibitory potencies of all derivatives were determined spectroscopically at 415 nm using the modified Ellman method. The results of the in vitro screening indicated that 5l with spiroindolin-1,2-diazepine core bearing 5-NO2 at R1 and 4-OH at R2 was the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.98 ± 1.07 µM with no significant inhibition against BChE while 5j was the most active analog against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The structure-activity relationships suggested the variation in the inhibitory activities of derivatives was affected by different substitutions on the indolinone ring as well as the phenyl moiety. The enzyme kinetic studies of the most potent compound 5l at five different concentrations and acetylthiocholine substrate (0.1-1 mM) by Ellman's method revealed that it inhibited AChE in a mixed mode with a Ki of 0.044 μM. A molecular docking study was performed via induced fit docking protocol to predict the putative binding interaction. It was shown that the moieties used in the initial structure design play a fundamental role in interacting with the enzyme's binding site. Further, molecular dynamics simulations with the Schrödinger package were performed for 5l in a complex with AChE and revealed that compound 5l formed the stable complex with the enzyme. The MTT toxicity assessments against the neuroblastoma cell line were executed, and no toxicity was seen for 5l under the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Pourtaher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Alireza Hasaninejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Jeong S, Kim HR, Shin JH, Son MH, Lee IH, Roe JS. Streamlined DNA-encoded small molecule library screening and validation for the discovery of novel chemotypes targeting BET proteins. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:637-649. [PMID: 37207130 PMCID: PMC10189352 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting aberrant epigenetic programs that drive tumorigenesis is a promising approach to cancer therapy. DNA-encoded library (DEL) screening is a core platform technology increasingly used to identify drugs that bind to protein targets. Here, we use DEL screening against bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins to identify inhibitors with new chemotypes, and successfully identified BBC1115 as a selective BET inhibitor. While BBC1115 does not structurally resemble OTX-015, a clinically active pan-BET inhibitor, our intensive biological characterization revealed that BBC1115 binds to BET proteins, including BRD4, and suppresses aberrant cell fate programs. Phenotypically, BBC1115-mediated BET inhibition impaired proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia, pancreatic, colorectal, and ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, intravenous administration of BBC1115 inhibited subcutaneous tumor xenograft growth with minimal toxicity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Since epigenetic regulations are ubiquitously distributed across normal and malignant cells, it will be critical to evaluate if BBC1115 affects normal cell function. Nonetheless, our study shows integrating DEL-based small-molecule compound screening and multi-step biological validation represents a reliable strategy to discover new chemotypes with selectivity, efficacy, and safety profiles for targeting proteins involved in epigenetic regulation in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Ha Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jae-Seok Roe, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Discovery of BET specific bromodomain inhibitors with a novel scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of polycyclic 3,3′-spirooxindoles and some new 2-arylquinoxalines from (E/Z)- 1-(2-oxo-2-arylethylidene)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-ones. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Ouvry G. Recent applications of seven-membered rings in drug design. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 57:116650. [PMID: 35123178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This short review aims at highlighting recent design strategies hinged on using seven-membered rings. Analyses of the different selected examples coupled with torsion profiles derived from the CCDC suggest some of these strategies could have broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Ouvry
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
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10
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Vézina-Dawod S, Perreault M, Guay LD, Gerber N, Gobeil S, Biron E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one derivatives as potential antitumor agents against prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116314. [PMID: 34333393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel tumor suppressing agent was discovered against PC-3 prostate cancer cells from the screening of a 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one library. In this study, 96 highly diversified 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-one derivatives were prepared by a two-step approach using sequential Ugi multicomponent reaction and simultaneous deprotection and cyclization to afford pure compounds bearing a wide variety of substituents. The most promising compound showed a potent and selective antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cell line PC-3 (GI50 = 10.2 µM), but had no effect on LNCAP, LAPC4 and DU145 cell lines. The compound was initially prepared as a mixture of two diastereomers and after their separation by HPLC, similar antiproliferative activities against PC-3 cells were observed for both diastereomers (2S,5S: GI50 = 10.8 µM and 2S,5R: GI50 = 7.0 µM). Additionally, both diastereomers showed comparable stability profiles after incubation with human liver microsomes. Finally, in vivo evaluation of the hit compound with the chick chorioallantoic membrane xenograft assay revealed a good toxicity profile and significant antitumor activity after intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vézina-Dawod
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Martin Perreault
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Louis-David Guay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gerber
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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11
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Theoretical modeling of homogenous gold-catalyzed or NaH-supported alkyne cyclization. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Aristoyagonine Derivatives as Brd4 Bromodomain Inhibitors with X-ray Co-Crystal Research. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061686. [PMID: 33802888 PMCID: PMC8002823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is known to play a key role in progression of anti-cancer therapeutics. Lysine acetylation is an important mechanism in controlling gene expression. There has been increasing interest in bromodomain owing to its ability to modulate transcription of various genes as an epigenetic 'reader.' Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and X-ray studies of novel aristoyagonine (benzo[6,7]oxepino[4,3,2-cd]isoindol-2(1H)-one) derivatives and investigate their inhibitory effect against Brd4 bromodomain. Five compounds 8ab, 8bc, 8bd, 8be, and 8bf have been discovered with high binding affinity over the Brd4 protein. Co-crystal structures of these five inhibitors with human Brd4 bromodomain demonstrated that it has a key binding mode occupying the hydrophobic pocket, which is known to be the acetylated lysine binding site. These novel Brd4 bromodomain inhibitors demonstrated impressive inhibitory activity and mode of action for the treatment of cancer diseases.
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13
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Yang GF, Li GX, Huang J, Fu DQ, Nie XK, Cui X, Zhao JZ, Tang Z. Regioselective, Diastereoselective, and Enantioselective One-Pot Tandem Reaction Based on an in Situ Formed Reductant: Preparation of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5110-5119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-feng Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guang-xun Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ding-qiang Fu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-kang Nie
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jin-zhong Zhao
- College of Art and Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030800, China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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14
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Malki Y, Martinez J, Masurier N. 1,3-Diazepine: A privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2247-2315. [PMID: 33645848 DOI: 10.1002/med.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Privileged structures have been widely used as effective templates for drug discovery. While benzo-1,4-diazepine constitutes the first historical example of such a structure, the 1,3 analogue is just as rich in terms of applications in medicinal chemistry. The 1,3-diazepine moiety is present in numerous biological active compounds including natural products, and is used to design compounds displaying a large range of biological activities. It is present in the clinically used anticancer compound pentostatin, in several recent FDA approved β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., avibactam) and also in coformycin, a natural product known as a ring-expanded purine analogue displaying antiviral and anticancer activities. Several other 1,3-diazepine containing compounds have entered into clinical trials. This heterocyclic structure has been and is still widely used in medicinal chemistry to design enzyme inhibitors, GPCR ligands, and so forth. This review endeavours to highlight the main use of the 1,3-diazepine scaffold and its derivatives, and their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug design, and therapy. We will focus more particularly on the development of enzyme inhibitors incorporating this scaffold, with a strong emphasis on the molecular interactions involved in the inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Malki
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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15
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Park JH, Wang HM, Shin MH, Lim H. Synthesis of a
DNA‐Encoded
Library of Pyrrolo[2,3
‐d
]pyrimidines. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Hee Myeong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Min Hyeon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673 South Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Hyun‐Suk Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673 South Korea
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16
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Yoon SH, Kim SJ, Kim I. One-Pot Four-Component Coupling Approach to Polyheterocycles: 6H-Furo[3,2-f]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]diazepine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15082-15091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Yoon
- Graduate Program of Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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17
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Jang HS, Kwon YI, Kim S. Facile Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Benzodiazepine‐3‐One‐5‐Acetates via [4 + 3]‐Annulation of Azaoxyallyl Cations With 2‐Aminophenyl α,β‐Unsaturated Esters. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Jang
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Kwon
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Gon Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim E, Lee CY, Kim S. HFIP‐Mediated Decarboxylative [4+3]‐Annulation of Azaoxyallyl Cations with Isatoic Anhydride. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Lee
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Gon Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
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19
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Zia M, Khalid M, Hameed S, Irran E, Naseer MM. Synthesis and solid state self-assembly of a 1,4-diazepine derivative: Water cluster as molecular glue and conformational isomerism. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Ning Y, He X, Zuo Y, Wang J, Tang Q, Xie M, Li R, Shang Y. Rh-Catalyzed C-H activation/intramolecular condensation for the construction of benzo[f]pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]diazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2893-2901. [PMID: 32236225 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel and mild Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation/intramolecular condensation of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was developed, giving access to various important benzo[f]pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]diazepine scaffolds through sequential C-C/C-N bond formation in a one-pot procedure under additive- and oxidant-free conditions. Furthermore, 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ylamino)-2-ethoxycyclohex-2-enones can be obtained in good yields by constructing C-O and C-N bonds through 1,1'-insertion, dehydration, and isomerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Youpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Mengqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Ruxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
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21
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Tao S, Bu Q, Shi Q, Wei D, Dai B, Liu N. Synthesis of Benzodiazepines Through Ring Opening/Ring Closure of Benzimidazole Salts. Chemistry 2020; 26:3252-3258. [PMID: 31950547 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrido-benzodiazepine derivatives are undoubtedly one of the most important structural motifs in the marketed drugs and the drug candidates. Commonly synthetic methods for construction of the benzodiazepine ring derivatives are based on the condensation reactions of two highly functionalized synthons. The development of synthesis for these compounds, however, is hampered by the regioselectivity and atom economy. In this work, a one-step synthesis of pyrido-benzodiazepine backbones and its analogues is achieved through continuous ring-opening hydrolysis of benzimidazole salts and intramolecular C-H bond activation. The reaction mechanism is explored by control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, P. R. China
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22
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Dagar A, Kim I. Expansion of diazepine heterocyclic chemical space via sequential Knoevenagel condensation-intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction: 2-acyl-4-aryl-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- d][1,4]diazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9836-9851. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategic combination of Knoevenagel condensation and intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction enabled facile access to pyrrole-fused 1,4-diazepines in excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dagar
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Yonsei University
- Incheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Yonsei University
- Incheon
- Republic of Korea
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23
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Zaware N, Zhou MM. Bromodomain biology and drug discovery. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:870-879. [PMID: 31582847 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain (BrD) is a conserved structural module found in chromatin- and transcription-associated proteins that acts as the primary reader for acetylated lysine residues. This basic activity endows BrD proteins with versatile functions in the regulation of protein-protein interactions mediating chromatin-templated gene transcription, DNA recombination, replication and repair. Consequently, BrD proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. In this Review, we highlight our current understanding of BrD biology, and discuss the latest development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting BrDs as emerging epigenetic therapies for cancer and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Elshan NGRD, Rettig MB, Jung ME. Molecules targeting the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis beyond the AR-Ligand binding domain. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:910-960. [PMID: 30565725 PMCID: PMC6608750 DOI: 10.1002/med.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) and the physiological pathways it regulates are central to the initiation and progression of PCa. As a member of the nuclear steroid receptor family, it is a transcription factor with three distinct functional domains (ligand-binding domain [LBD], DNA-binding domain [DBD], and transactivation domain [TAD]) in its structure. All clinically approved drugs for PCa ultimately target the AR-LBD. Clinically active drugs that target the DBD and TAD have not yet been developed due to multiple factors. Despite these limitations, the last several years have seen a rise in the discovery of molecules that could successfully target these domains. This review aims to present and comprehensively discuss such molecules that affect AR signaling through direct or indirect interactions with the AR-TAD or the DBD. The compounds discussed here include hairpin polyamides, niclosamide, marine sponge-derived small molecules (eg, EPI compounds), mahanine, VPC compounds, JN compounds, and bromodomain and extraterminal domain inhibitors. We highlight the significant in vitro and in vivo data found for each compound and the apparent limitations and/or potential for further development of these agents as PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew B. Rettig
- . Division of Hematology/Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System West LA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- . Departments of Medicine and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael E. Jung
- . Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Wang Y, Patil P, Kurpiewska K, Kalinowska-Tluscik J, Dömling A. Diverse Isoquinoline Scaffolds by Ugi/Pomeranz-Fritsch and Ugi/Schlittler-Müller Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 21:3533-3537. [PMID: 31033297 PMCID: PMC6528277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
and its Schlittler–Müller modification were successfully
applied in the Ugi postcyclization strategy by using orthogonally
protected aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal and complementary electron
rich building blocks. Several scaffolds, including isoquinolines,
carboline, alkaloid-like tetrazole-fused tetracyclic compounds, and
benzo[d]azepinone scaffolds, were synthesized in
generally moderate to good yield. All our syntheses provide a short
MCR-based sequence to novel or otherwise difficult to access scaffolds.
Hence, we foresee multiple applications of these synthesis technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Wang
- Drug Design , University of Groningen , Deusinglaan 1 , 7313 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Pravin Patil
- Drug Design , University of Groningen , Deusinglaan 1 , 7313 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , 3 Ingardena Street , 30-060 Krakow , Poland
| | | | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design , University of Groningen , Deusinglaan 1 , 7313 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
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26
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Rataj O, Haedicke-Jarboui J, Stubenrauch F, Iftner T. Brd4 inhibition suppresses HPV16 E6 expression and enhances chemoresponse: A potential new target in cervical cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2330-2338. [PMID: 30421459 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although a vast amount of research underlines the roles of the HR HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes in HPV-induced carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, it remains unclear whether these oncogenes are also involved in the resistance of the cancer against chemotherapy. We examined the role of the HPV16 E6 oncogene in cisplatin resistance by analyzing its expression in newly established cisplatin-sensitive versus -resistant cervical cancer cell lines (CC7, CC10). Resistant variants were obtained by interval exposure treatment with 1-2 μM cisplatin for 8-9 months. Our results demonstrate that the expression level of HPV16 E6 directly correlates with the extent of cisplatin resistance in novel as well as established (SiHa) drug resistant cervical cancer cell lines. Overexpression of HPV16 E6 in cisplatin-naïve cells rendered these cells more resistant to cisplatin. Reducing E6 expression by JQ1 treatment reversed the drug resistant phenotype and strongly enhanced chemoresponse only in HPV-positive cisplatin-resistant variants and not in HPV-negative C33A cervical cancer cells. The level of E6 directly correlated with the extent of cisplatin sensitivity and was shown to be increased in newly established drug-resistant cell line variants, while reducing E6 expression using Brd4-inhibitors enhanced chemoresponse when co-delivered with cisplatin. Inhibition of Brd4 could represent a new therapeutic option by increasing treatment response in cervical cancer cells and might allow lower cisplatin dosages, thus reducing negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rataj
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Haedicke-Jarboui
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Stubenrauch
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Traquete R, Henderson E, Picaud S, Cal PMSD, Sieglitz F, Rodrigues T, Oliveira R, Filippakopoulos P, Bernardes GJL. Evaluation of linker length effects on a BET bromodomain probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10128-10131. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of the biological effects of introducing linkers of different chemical nature and length into BET bromodomain benzodiazepine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Traquete
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Elizabeth Henderson
- Structural Genomics Consortium
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
- Oxford University
- ORCRB
- Roosevelt Drive
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
- Oxford University
- ORCRB
- Roosevelt Drive
| | - Pedro M. S. D. Cal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Florian Sieglitz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
| | | | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
- Oxford University
- ORCRB
- Roosevelt Drive
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
- Portugal
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28
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Anil SM, Shobith R, Kiran KR, Swaroop TR, Mallesha N, Sadashiva MP. Facile synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones and quinazolinones from amino acids as anti-tubercular agents. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones and quinazolinones with diverse substituents at C-3 position are synthesized by novel, simple and convenient methodology using H2PtCl6as catalyst and were all screened for anti-TB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seegehalli M. Anil
- Department of Studies in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Manasagangothri
- Mysuru
- India
| | - Rangappa Shobith
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine
- Nagamangala
- India
| | - Kuppalli. R. Kiran
- Department of Studies in Chemistry
- University of Mysore
- Manasagangothri
- Mysuru
- India
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29
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Montanaro S, Wright IA, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Synthesis of Tetracyclic 2,3-Dihydro-1,3-diazepines from a Dinitrodibenzothiophene Derivative. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12320-12326. [PMID: 30247912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Triply fused 1,3-diazepine derivatives have been obtained by acidic reduction of rotationally locked and sterically hindered nitro groups in the presence of an aldehyde or ketone. The nitro groups are sited on adjacent rings of a dicyanodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, which also displays fully reversible two-electron-accepting behavior. The synthesis, crystallographically determined molecular structures, and aspects of the electronic properties of these new molecules are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Wright
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Durham , DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
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30
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Hyland IK, O'Toole RF, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Progress in the Development of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor (PAFr) Antagonists and Applications in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1873-1884. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K. Hyland
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | | | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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31
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Qin C, Hu Y, Zhou B, Fernandez-Salas E, Yang CY, Liu L, McEachern D, Przybranowski S, Wang M, Stuckey J, Meagher J, Bai L, Chen Z, Lin M, Yang J, Xu F, Hu J, Xing W, Huang L, Li S, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S, Wang S. Discovery of QCA570 as an Exceptionally Potent and Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Degrader of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Proteins Capable of Inducing Complete and Durable Tumor Regression. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6685-6704. [PMID: 30019901 PMCID: PMC6545111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family are epigenetics "readers" and promising therapeutic targets for cancer and other human diseases. We describe herein a structure-guided design of [1,4]oxazepines as a new class of BET inhibitors and our subsequent design, synthesis, and evaluation of proteolysis-targeting chimeric (PROTAC) small-molecule BET degraders. Our efforts have led to the discovery of extremely potent BET degraders, exemplified by QCA570, which effectively induces degradation of BET proteins and inhibits cell growth in human acute leukemia cell lines even at low picomolar concentrations. QCA570 achieves complete and durable tumor regression in leukemia xenograft models in mice at well-tolerated dose-schedules. QCA570 is the most potent and efficacious BET degrader reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bing Zhou
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chao-Yie Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liu Liu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sally Przybranowski
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Meagher
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mei Lin
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiuling Yang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fuming Xu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiantao Hu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiguo Xing
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liyue Huang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siwei Li
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,Corresponding Author: Professor Shaomeng Wang at
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32
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Paghandeh H, Saeidian H. Expedient and click synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations of novel 1,5-bis(N-substituted 1,2,3‒triazole) benzodiazepinedione scaffolds. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Shao Z, Yao C, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Xu W, Townes TM, Crowley MR, Hu K. Reprogramming by De-bookmarking the Somatic Transcriptional Program through Targeting of BET Bromodomains. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3138-3145. [PMID: 27653680 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One critical event in reprogramming to pluripotency is erasure of the somatic transcriptional program of starting cells. Here, we present the proof of principle of a strategy for reprogramming to pluripotency facilitated by small molecules that interfere with the somatic transcriptional memory. We show that mild chemical targeting of the acetyllysine-binding pockets of the BET bromodomains, the transcriptional bookmarking domains, robustly enhances reprogramming. Furthermore, we show that chemical targeting of the transcriptional bookmarking BET bromodomains downregulates or turns off the expression of somatic genes in both naive and reprogramming fibroblasts. Chemical blocking of the BET bromodomains also results in loss of fibroblast morphology early in reprogramming. We therefore experimentally demonstrate that cell fate conversion can be achieved by chemically targeting the transcriptional bookmarking BET bromodomains responsible for transcriptional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Shao
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Chunping Yao
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Weihua Xu
- Longyan University, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Tim M Townes
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Howell and Elizabeth Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Kejin Hu
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA.
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Protein-Protein Interaction Modulators for Epigenetic Therapies. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 110:65-84. [PMID: 29413000 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is becoming an attractive approach for drug discovery. This is particularly true for difficult or emerging targets, such as epitargets that may be elusive to drugs that fall into the traditional chemical space. The chemical nature of the PPIs makes attractive the use of peptides or peptidomimetics to selectively modulate such interactions. Despite the fact peptide-based drug discovery has been challenging, the use of peptides as leads compounds for drug discovery is still a valid strategy. This chapter discusses the current status of PPIs in epigenetic drug discovery. A special emphasis is made on peptides and peptide-like compounds as potential drug candidates.
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Xu Y, Vakoc CR. Targeting Cancer Cells with BET Bromodomain Inhibitors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026674. [PMID: 28213432 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are often hypersensitive to the targeting of transcriptional regulators, which may reflect the deregulated gene expression programs that underlie malignant transformation. One of the most prominent transcriptional vulnerabilities in human cancer to emerge in recent years is the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, which are coactivators that link acetylated transcription factors and histones to the activation of RNA polymerase II. Despite unclear mechanisms underlying the gene specificity of BET protein function, small molecules targeting these regulators preferentially suppress the transcription of cancer-promoting genes. As a consequence, BET inhibitors elicit anticancer activity in numerous malignant contexts at doses that can be tolerated by normal tissues, a finding supported by animal studies and by phase I clinical trials in human cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the remarkable, and often perplexing, therapeutic effects of BET bromodomain inhibition in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
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36
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Cheng C, Diao H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Wang K, Wu R. Deciphering the mechanisms of selective inhibition for the tandem BD1/BD2 in the BET-bromodomain family. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23934-23941. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomains (BRDs) are well-known drug targets for many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Diao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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38
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Křemen F, Gazvoda M, Kafka S, Proisl K, Srholcová A, Klásek A, Urankar D, Košmrlj J. Synthesis of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-diones by Base Promoted Ring Expansion of 3-Aminoquinoline-2,4-diones. J Org Chem 2016; 82:715-722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Křemen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Kafka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Proisl
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Srholcová
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Klásek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Zlín 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, Ljubljana SI 1000, Slovenia
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Elagawany M, Ibrahim MA, Panda SS. One-pot synthesis of bi- and tricyclic heterocyclic compounds using benzotriazole chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Kim J, Jung J, Koo J, Cho W, Lee WS, Kim C, Park W, Park SB. Diversity-oriented synthetic strategy for developing a chemical modulator of protein-protein interaction. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13196. [PMID: 27774980 PMCID: PMC5078997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) can provide a collection of diverse and complex drug-like small molecules, which is critical in the development of new chemical probes for biological research of undruggable targets. However, the design and synthesis of small-molecule libraries with improved biological relevance as well as maximized molecular diversity represent a key challenge. Herein, we employ functional group-pairing strategy for the DOS of a chemical library containing privileged substructures, pyrimidodiazepine or pyrimidine moieties, as chemical navigators towards unexplored bioactive chemical space. To validate the utility of this DOS library, we identify a new small-molecule inhibitor of leucyl-tRNA synthetase-RagD protein-protein interaction, which regulates the amino acid-dependent activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway. This work highlights that privileged substructure-based DOS strategy can be a powerful research tool for the construction of drug-like compounds to address challenging biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jinjoo Jung
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Koo
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Wansang Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Park
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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41
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Galdeano C, Ciulli A. Selectivity on-target of bromodomain chemical probes by structure-guided medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1655-80. [PMID: 27193077 PMCID: PMC5321501 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic proteins is a rapidly growing area for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in developing small molecules binding to bromodomains, the readers of acetyl-lysine modifications. A plethora of co-crystal structures has motivated focused fragment-based design and optimization programs within both industry and academia. These efforts have yielded several compounds entering the clinic, and many more are increasingly being used as chemical probes to interrogate bromodomain biology. High selectivity of chemical probes is necessary to ensure biological activity is due to an on-target effect. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of bromodomain-targeting compounds, focusing on the structural basis for their on-target selectivity or lack thereof. We also highlight chemical biology approaches to enhance on-target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Galdeano
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) & Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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42
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Ren C, Smith SG, Yap K, Li S, Li J, Mezei M, Rodriguez Y, Vincek A, Aguilo F, Walsh MJ, Zhou MM. Structure-Guided Discovery of Selective Antagonists for the Chromodomain of Polycomb Repressive Protein CBX7. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:601-5. [PMID: 27326334 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromobox 7 (CBX7) protein of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) functions to repress transcription of tumor suppressor p16 (INK4a) through long noncoding RNA, ANRIL (antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus) directed chromodomain (ChD) binding to trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), resulting in chromatin compaction at the INK4a/ARF locus. In this study, we report structure-guided discovery of two distinct classes of small-molecule antagonists for the CBX7ChD. Our Class A compounds, a series including analogues of the previously reported MS452, inhibit CBX7ChD/methyl-lysine binding by occupying the H3K27me3 peptide binding site, whereas our Class B compound, the newly discovered MS351, appears to inhibit H3K27me3 binding when CBX7ChD is bound to RNA. Our crystal structure of the CBX7ChD/MS351 complex reveals the molecular details of ligand recognition by the aromatic cage residues that typically engage in methyl-lysine binding. We further demonstrate that MS351 effectively induces transcriptional derepression of CBX7 target genes, including p16 (INK4a) in mouse embryonic stem cells and human prostate cancer PC3 cells. Thus, MS351 represents a new class of ChD antagonists that selectively targets the biologically active form of CBX7 of the PRC1 in long noncoding RNA- and H3K27me3-directed gene transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ren
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Steven G. Smith
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kyoko Yap
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - SiDe Li
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jiaojie Li
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gist College, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Buk-gu,Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yoel Rodriguez
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Hostos Community College of City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10451, United States
| | - Adam Vincek
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Martin J. Walsh
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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43
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Illendula A, Gilmour J, Grembecka J, Tirumala VSS, Boulton A, Kuntimaddi A, Schmidt C, Wang L, Pulikkan JA, Zong H, Parlak M, Kuscu C, Pickin A, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Mishra L, Adli M, Castilla LH, Rajewski RA, Janes KA, Guzman ML, Bonifer C, Bushweller JH. Small Molecule Inhibitor of CBFβ-RUNX Binding for RUNX Transcription Factor Driven Cancers. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:117-131. [PMID: 27428424 PMCID: PMC4919611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors have traditionally been viewed with skepticism as viable drug targets, but they offer the potential for completely novel mechanisms of action that could more effectively address the stem cell like properties, such as self-renewal and chemo-resistance, that lead to the failure of traditional chemotherapy approaches. Core binding factor is a heterodimeric transcription factor comprised of one of 3 RUNX proteins (RUNX1-3) and a CBFβ binding partner. CBFβ enhances DNA binding of RUNX subunits by relieving auto-inhibition. Both RUNX1 and CBFβ are frequently mutated in human leukemia. More recently, RUNX proteins have been shown to be key players in epithelial cancers, suggesting the targeting of this pathway could have broad utility. In order to test this, we developed small molecules which bind to CBFβ and inhibit its binding to RUNX. Treatment with these inhibitors reduces binding of RUNX1 to target genes, alters the expression of RUNX1 target genes, and impacts cell survival and differentiation. These inhibitors show efficacy against leukemia cells as well as basal-like (triple-negative) breast cancer cells. These inhibitors provide effective tools to probe the utility of targeting RUNX transcription factor function in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jane Gilmour
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Boulton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aravinda Kuntimaddi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John A Pulikkan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hongliang Zong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahmut Parlak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anna Pickin
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lucio H Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Roger A Rajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Abstract
The bromodomain (BrD) is a conserved protein modular domain found in many chromatin- and transcription-associated proteins that has the ability to recognize acetylated lysine residues. This activity allows bromodomains to play a vital role in many acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions in the cell, ranging from substrate recruitment for histone acetyltransferases (HATs) to aiding in multiple-protein complex assembly for gene transcriptional activation or suppression in chromatin. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to develop chemical inhibitors of these bromodomains in an effort to probe their cellular functions. Potent and selective inhibitors have been extensively developed for one group of the bromodomain family termed BET proteins that consist of tandem bromodomains followed by an extra terminal domain. Drug developers are actively designing inhibitors of other bromodomains and working to move the most successful inhibitors into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Smith
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Ghoshal A, Yugandhar D, Srivastava AK. BET inhibitors in cancer therapeutics: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:505-22. [PMID: 26924192 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1159299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of Bromodomain and Extra Terminal (BET) proteins is an emerging approach for developing advanced cancer therapeutics. In 2015, at least thirty patents have been published for developing cancer chemotherapeutics by targeting BET. Currently there are seven small molecule BET inhibitors in various stages of clinical trials for the development of anti-cancer drugs. AREAS COVERED Important patents focusing on development of BET inhibitors as potential cancer therapeutics published in 2015 have been covered. The reports are presented together with a review of the related structural chemical space. This review mainly focuses on the therapeutic applications, chemical class and structural modifications along with the molecules currently in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION BET sub-family proteins are one of the emerging targets to develop anti-cancer agents. Although many research groups have demonstrated the rationality of BET inhibition to combat cancer, a detailed molecular study needs to be performed to investigate the affected biological pathways. Selectivity among BET proteins should be kept in mind while developing BET inhibitors. In-silico molecular modelling studies can also provide valuable information for designing selective BET inhibitors towards anti-cancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- a Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division , CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - D Yugandhar
- a Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division , CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,b Chemical Science Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- a Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division , CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India.,b Chemical Science Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi , India
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Milosevich N, Gignac MC, McFarlane J, Simhadri C, Horvath S, Daze KD, Croft CS, Dheri A, Quon TTH, Douglas SF, Wulff JE, Paci I, Hof F. Selective Inhibition of CBX6: A Methyllysine Reader Protein in the Polycomb Family. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:139-44. [PMID: 26985288 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb paralogs CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8 are epigenetic readers that rely on "aromatic cage" motifs to engage their partners' methyllysine side chains. Each CBX carries out distinct functions, yet each includes a highly similar methyllysine-reading chromodomain as a key element. CBX7 is the only chromodomain that has yet been targeted by chemical inhibition. We report a small set of peptidomimetic agents in which a simple chemical modification switches the ligands from one with promiscuity across all polycomb paralogs to one that provides selective inhibition of CBX6. The structural basis for this selectivity, which involves occupancy of a small hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the aromatic cage, was confirmed through molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate the increases in affinity and selectivity generated by ligands that engage extended regions of chromodomain binding surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Milosevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael C. Gignac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - James McFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Shanti Horvath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Daze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Caitlin S. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Aman Dheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Taylor T. H. Quon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah F. Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8W 3V6, Canada
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Steven G Smith
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, United States
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48
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Jung M, Gelato KA, Fernández-Montalván A, Siegel S, Haendler B. Targeting BET bromodomains for cancer treatment. Epigenomics 2015; 7:487-501. [PMID: 26077433 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily of bromodomain-containing proteins has emerged in the last few years as an exciting, novel target group. BRD4, the best studied BET protein, is implicated in a number of hematological and solid tumors. This is linked to its role in modulating transcription elongation of essential genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis such as c-Myc and BCL2. Potent BET inhibitors with promising antitumor efficacy in a number of preclinical cancer models have been identified in recent years. This led to clinical studies focusing mostly on the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, and first encouraging signs of efficacy have already been reported. Here we discuss the biology of BRD4, its known interaction partners and implication in different tumor types. Further, we summarize the current knowledge on BET bromodomain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jung
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Free University, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathy A Gelato
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Siegel
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chaidos A, Caputo V, Karadimitris A. Inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BET) as a potential therapeutic approach in haematological malignancies: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence. Ther Adv Hematol 2015; 6:128-41. [PMID: 26137204 DOI: 10.1177/2040620715576662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of the nucleosomal histone proteins orchestrate chromatin organization and gene expression in normal and cancer cells. Among them, the acetylation of N-terminal histone tails represents the fundamental epigenetic mark of open structure chromatin and active gene transcription. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers which utilize tandem bromodomains (BRD) modules to recognize and dock themselves on the acetylated lysine tails. The BET proteins act as scaffolds for the recruitment of transcription factors and chromatin organizers required in transcription initiation and elongation. The recent discovery of small molecules capable of blocking their lysine-binding pocket is the first paradigm of successful pharmacological inhibition of epigenetic readers. JQ1 is a prototype benzodiazepine molecule and a specific BET inhibitor with antineoplastic activity both in solid tumours and haematological malignancies. The quinolone I-BET151 and the suitable for clinical development I-BET762 benzodiazepine were introduced in parallel with JQ1 and have also shown potent antitumour activity in preclinical studies. I-BET762 is currently being tested in early phase clinical trials, along with a rapidly growing list of other BET inhibitors. Unlike older epigenetic therapies, the study of BET inhibitors has offered substantial, context-specific, mechanistic insights of their antitumour activity, which will facilitate optimal therapeutic targeting in future. Here, we review the development of this novel class of epigenetic drugs, the biology of BET protein inhibition, the emerging evidence from preclinical work and early phase clinical studies and we discuss their potential role in the treatment of haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Chaidos
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Caputo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Miller TR, Rutherford TJ, Birchall K, Chugh J, Fiedler M, Bienz M. Competitive binding of a benzimidazole to the histone-binding pocket of the Pygo PHD finger. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2864-74. [PMID: 25323450 PMCID: PMC4330097 DOI: 10.1021/cb500585s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Pygo-BCL9 complex is a chromatin reader, facilitating β-catenin-mediated oncogenesis, and is thus emerging as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Its function relies on two ligand-binding surfaces of Pygo's PHD finger that anchor the histone H3 tail methylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me) with assistance from the BCL9 HD1 domain. Here, we report the first use of fragment-based screening by NMR to identify small molecules that block protein-protein interactions by a PHD finger. This led to the discovery of a set of benzothiazoles that bind to a cleft emanating from the PHD-HD1 interface, as defined by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, we discovered a benzimidazole that docks into the H3K4me specificity pocket and displaces the native H3K4me peptide from the PHD finger. Our study demonstrates the ligandability of the Pygo-BCL9 complex and uncovers a privileged scaffold as a template for future development of lead inhibitors of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
C. R. Miller
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J. Rutherford
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Birchall
- MRC
Technology, 1-3 Burtonhole
Lane, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AD, United Kingdom
| | - Jasveen Chugh
- MRC
Technology, 1-3 Burtonhole
Lane, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AD, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Fiedler
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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