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Zhao H, Zhao P, Huang C. Targeted inhibition of SUMOylation: treatment of tumors. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01092-9. [PMID: 38856883 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins involved in the regulation of biological processes such as protein homeostasis, DNA repair and cell cycle in normal and tumor cells. In particular, overexpression of SUMOylation components in tumor cells increases the activity of intracellular SUMOylation, protects target proteins against ubiquitination degradation and activation, promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, providing immune evasion and increasing tolerance to chemotherapy and antitumor drugs. However, with the continuous research on SUMOylation and with the continued development of SUMOylation inhibitors, it has been found that tumor initiation and progression can be inhibited by blocking SUMOylation and/or in combination with drugs. SUMOylation is not a bad target when trying to treat tumor. This review introduces SUMOylation cycle pathway and summarizes the role of SUMOylation in tumor initiation and progression and SUMOylation inhibitors and their functions in tumors and provides a prospective view of SUMOylation as a new therapeutic target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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2
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Abeywardana T, Wu X, Huang ST, Aldana Masangkay G, Rodin AS, Branciamore S, Gogoshin G, Li A, Du L, Tharuka N, Tomaino R, Chen Y. Regulation of Enhancers by SUMOylation Through TFAP2C Binding and Recruitment of HDAC Complex to the Chromatin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4201913. [PMID: 38645262 PMCID: PMC11030540 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4201913/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Enhancers are fundamental to gene regulation. Post-translational modifications by the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) modify chromatin regulation enzymes, including histone acetylases and deacetylases. However, it remains unclear whether SUMOylation regulates enhancer marks, acetylation at the 27th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein (H3K27Ac). To investigate whether SUMOylation regulates H3K27Ac, we performed genome-wide ChIP-seq analyses and discovered that knockdown (KD) of the SUMO activating enzyme catalytic subunit UBA2 reduced H3K27Ac at most enhancers. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that TFAP2C-binding sites are enriched in enhancers whose H3K27Ac was reduced by UBA2 KD. ChIP-seq analysis in combination with molecular biological methods showed that TFAP2C binding to enhancers increased upon UBA2 KD or inhibition of SUMOylation by a small molecule SUMOylation inhibitor. However, this is not due to the SUMOylation of TFAP2C itself. Proteomics analysis of TFAP2C interactome on the chromatin identified histone deacetylation (HDAC) and RNA splicing machineries that contain many SUMOylation targets. TFAP2C KD reduced HDAC1 binding to chromatin and increased H3K27Ac marks at enhancer regions, suggesting that TFAP2C is important in recruiting HDAC machinery. Taken together, our findings provide insights into the regulation of enhancer marks by SUMOylation and TFAP2C and suggest that SUMOylation of proteins in the HDAC machinery regulates their recruitments to enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | | | | | - Andrei S Rodin
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | - Sergio Branciamore
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | - Grigoriy Gogoshin
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | - Arthur Li
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | - Li Du
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
| | | | - Ross Tomaino
- Harvard Medical School Taplin Mass Spectrometry Facility
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Wu W, Huang C. SUMOylation and DeSUMOylation: Prospective therapeutic targets in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 332:122085. [PMID: 37722589 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The SUMO family is a type of ubiquitin-like protein modification molecule. Its protein modification mechanism is similar to that of ubiquitination: both involve modifier-activating enzyme E1, conjugating enzyme E2 and substrate-specific ligase E3. However, polyubiquitination can lead to the degradation of substrate proteins, while poly-SUMOylation only leads to the degradation of substrate proteins through the proteasome pathway after being recognized by ubiquitin as a signal factor. There are currently five reported subtypes in the SUMO family, namely SUMO1-5. As a reversible dynamic modification, intracellular sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs) mainly regulate the reverse reaction pathway of SUMOylation. The SUMOylation modification system affects the localization, activation and turnover of proteins in cells and participates in regulating most nuclear and extranuclear molecular reactions. Abnormal expression of proteins related to the SUMOylation pathway is commonly observed in tumors, indicating that this pathway is closely related to tumor occurrence, metastasis and invasion. This review mainly discusses the composition of members in the protein family related to SUMOylation pathways, mutual connections between SUMOylation and other post-translational modifications on proteins as well as therapeutic drugs developed based on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical School, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical School, Kunming 650500, China.
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Cheng X, Yang W, Lin W, Mei F. Paradoxes of Cellular SUMOylation Regulation: A Role of Biomolecular Condensates? Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:979-1006. [PMID: 37137717 PMCID: PMC10441629 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is a major post-translational modification essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. SUMOylation has long been associated with stress responses as a diverse array of cellular stress signals are known to trigger rapid alternations in global protein SUMOylation. In addition, while there are large families of ubiquitination enzymes, all small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are conjugated by a set of enzymatic machinery comprising one heterodimeric SUMO-activating enzyme, a single SUMO-conjugating enzyme, and a small number of SUMO protein ligases and SUMO-specific proteases. How a few SUMOylation enzymes specifically modify thousands of functional targets in response to diverse cellular stresses remains an enigma. Here we review recent progress toward understanding the mechanisms of SUMO regulation, particularly the potential roles of liquid-liquid phase separation/biomolecular condensates in regulating cellular SUMOylation during cellular stresses. In addition, we discuss the role of protein SUMOylation in pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutics targeting SUMOylation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Protein SUMOylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications and plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to stresses. Protein SUMOylation has been implicated in human pathogenesis, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and infection. After more than a quarter century of extensive research, intriguing enigmas remain regarding the mechanism of cellular SUMOylation regulation and the therapeutic potential of targeting SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fang Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology and Texas Therapeutics Institute, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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5
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Chen Y. A new immuno-oncology target - SUMOylation. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:606-608. [PMID: 37179168 PMCID: PMC10911497 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a paradigm shift in cancer treatment to produce durable responses. Unfortunately, most cancers do not respond to current immunotherapies, and thus, exploring novel mechanisms is crucial. Emerging data now demonstrate that protein modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) is a novel target to activate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Mons E, Kim RQ, Mulder MPC. Technologies for Direct Detection of Covalent Protein—Drug Adducts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040547. [PMID: 37111304 PMCID: PMC10146396 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, drug candidates with a covalent binding mode have gained the interest of medicinal chemists, as several covalent anticancer drugs have successfully reached the clinic. As a covalent binding mode changes the relevant parameters to rank inhibitor potency and investigate structure-activity relationship (SAR), it is important to gather experimental evidence on the existence of a covalent protein–drug adduct. In this work, we review established methods and technologies for the direct detection of a covalent protein–drug adduct, illustrated with examples from (recent) drug development endeavors. These technologies include subjecting covalent drug candidates to mass spectrometric (MS) analysis, protein crystallography, or monitoring intrinsic spectroscopic properties of the ligand upon covalent adduct formation. Alternatively, chemical modification of the covalent ligand is required to detect covalent adducts by NMR analysis or activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). Some techniques are more informative than others and can also elucidate the modified amino acid residue or bond layout. We will discuss the compatibility of these techniques with reversible covalent binding modes and the possibilities to evaluate reversibility or obtain kinetic parameters. Finally, we expand upon current challenges and future applications. Overall, these analytical techniques present an integral part of covalent drug development in this exciting new era of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Mons
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q. Kim
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pawnikar S, Bhattarai A, Ouyang SX, Vega R, Chen Y, Miao Y. Critical Non-Covalent Binding Intermediate for an Allosteric Covalent Inhibitor of SUMO E1. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2792-2799. [PMID: 36898086 PMCID: PMC10373441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are dysregulated in many types of cancers. The SUMO E1 enzyme has recently been suggested as a new immuno-oncology target. COH000 was recently identified as a highly specific allosteric covalent inhibitor of SUMO E1. However, a marked discrepancy was found between the X-ray structure of the covalent COH000-bound SUMO E1 complex and the available structure-activity relationship (SAR) data of inhibitor analogues due to unresolved noncovalent protein-ligand interactions. Here, we have investigated noncovalent interactions between COH000 and SUMO E1 during inhibitor dissociation through novel Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD) simulations. Our simulations have identified a critical low-energy non-covalent binding intermediate conformation of COH000 that agreed excellently with published and new SAR data of the COH000 analogues, which were otherwise inconsistent with the X-ray structure. Altogether, our biochemical experiments and LiGaMD simulations have uncovered a critical non-covalent binding intermediate during allosteric inhibition of the SUMO E1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Pawnikar
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - S. Xiaohu Ouyang
- SUMO Biosciences, Inc., 2265 E Foothill Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Ramir Vega
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
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Li Z, Liu J, Fu H, Li Y, Liu Q, Song W, Zeng M. SENP3 affects the expression of PYCR1 to promote bladder cancer proliferation and EMT transformation by deSUMOylation of STAT3. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8032-8045. [PMID: 36227136 PMCID: PMC9596220 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been found in various types of human cancers, including bladder cancer (BC). In our study, we examined the regulation of STAT3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) and found that SENP3 is high in bladder cancer. Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease3 (SENP3) and STAT3 were highly expressed in BC tissues when compared with tissue adjacent to carcinoma. SENP3 induced STAT3 protein level and p-STAT3 translocating into nuclear through deSUMOylation of STAT3. Further, nuclear STAT3, as a transcriptional activity factor, promoted pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 PYCR1 gene and protein level by interacting with the promoter of (PYCR1). Next, we found that knockdown of PYCR1 inhibited Epithelial to mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer, and simultaneously mitigated the carcinogenic effects of STAT3. In vitro, STAT3 knockdown in bladder cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast, SENP3 overexpression reversed these effects. In all, results lend novel insights into the regulation of STAT3, which has key roles in bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Huifeng Fu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Mingqiang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410005, China
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Hua D, Wu X. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting small ubiquitin-like modifier pathway for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114227. [PMID: 35247754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a key post-translational modification that involves the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to the lysine residues of target proteins. The well-balanced SUMOylation is essential for normal cellular behaviors, while disturbance of SUMOylation is associated with various cancers and other diseases. Herein, we summarize the structures and biological functions of proteins involved in the SUMOylation process, their dysregulation in human diseases, and the discovery of small-molecular inhibitors targeting this pathway. In addition, we highlight the emerging trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Liu F, Wu Q, Han W, Laster K, Hu Y, Ma F, Chen H, Tian X, Qiao Y, Liu H, Kim DJ, Dong Z, Liu K. Targeting integrin αvβ3 with indomethacin inhibits patient-derived xenograft tumour growth and recurrence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e548. [PMID: 34709754 PMCID: PMC8552524 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A high risk of post-operative recurrence contributes to the poor prognosis and low survival rate of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that integrin adhesion receptors, in particular integrin αv (ITGAV), are important for cancer cell survival, proliferation and migration. Therefore, targeting ITGAV may be a rational approach for preventing ESCC recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein levels of ITGAV were determined in human ESCC tumour tissues using immunohistochemistry. MTT, propidium iodide staining, and annexin V staining were utilized to investigate cell viability, cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis, respectively. Computational docking was performed with the Schrödinger Suite software to visualize the interaction between indomethacin and ITGAV. Cell-derived xenograft mouse models, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, and a humanized mouse model were employed for in vivo studies. RESULTS ITGAV was upregulated in human ESCC tumour tissues and increased ITGAV protein levels were associated with poor prognosis. ITGAV silencing or knockout suppressed ESCC cell growth and metastatic potential. Interestingly, we identified that indomethacin can bind to ITGAV and enhance synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1 (SYVN1)-mediated degradation of ITGAV. Integrin β3, one of the β subunits of ITGAV, was also decreased at the protein level in the indomethacin treatment group. Importantly, indomethacin treatment suppressed ESCC tumour growth and prevented recurrence in a PDX mouse model. Moreover, indomethacin inhibited the activation of cytokine TGFβ, reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and increased anti-tumour immune responses in a humanized mouse model. CONCLUSION ITGAV is a promising therapeutic target for ESCC. Indomethacin can attenuate ESCC growth through binding to ITGAV, promoting SYVN1-mediated ubiquitination of ITGAV, and potentiating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei Han
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Kyle Laster
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Yamei Hu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Fayang Ma
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Hanyong Chen
- Hormel InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xueli Tian
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui Liu
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and TreatmentZhengzhouChina
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer ChemopreventionZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesChina‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteAMS, College of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and TreatmentZhengzhouChina
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer ChemopreventionZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the article, we focus on the role of SUMOylation in tumorigenesis and cancer-related processes, including Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, resistance to cancer therapies, and antitumor immunity. Clinical perspective on small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) inhibitors will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS SUMOylation regulates multiple important biologic functions including gene transcription, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and innate immunity. The SUMO pathway enzymes are usually elevated in various cancers and linked with cancer progression and poor clinical outcomes for patients. Recent studies have revealed the role of SUMOylation in EMT and metastasis through regulating E-Cadherin and Snail expression. Multiple studies demonstrate SUMOylation is involved with chemoresistance and hormone treatment resistance. Oncogene Myc and SUMOylation machinery regulation has been revealed in pancreatic cancer. SUMOylation is involved in regulating antitumor immune response through dendritic cells and T cells. A breakthrough has been made in targeting SUMOylation in cancer as first-in-class SUMO E1 inhibitor TAK-981 enters clinical trials. SUMMARY SUMOylation plays an important role in tumor EMT, metastasis, therapy resistance, and antitumor immune response. Pharmaceutical inhibition of SUMOylation has become promising clinical therapy to improve the outcome of the existing chemo and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center
| | - Wei Liu
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Beckman Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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Wang L, Qian J, Yang Y, Gu C. Novel insights into the impact of the SUMOylation pathway in hematological malignancies (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:73. [PMID: 34368858 PMCID: PMC8360622 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system serves an important role in the regulation of protein stability and function. SUMOylation sustains the homeostatic equilibrium of protein function in normal tissues and numerous types of tumor. Accumulating evidence has revealed that SUMO enzymes participate in carcinogenesis via a series of complex cellular or extracellular processes. The present review outlines the physiological characteristics of the SUMOylation pathway and provides examples of SUMOylation participation in different cancer types, including in hematological malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma). It has been indicated that the SUMO pathway may influence chromosomal instability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and chemical drug resistance. The present review also discussed the possible relationship between SUMOylation and carcinogenic mechanisms, and evaluated their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Developing and investigating inhibitors of SUMO conjugation in the future may offer promising potential as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, P.R. China
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14
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Kroonen JS, Kruisselbrink AB, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Olaofe OO, Bovée JVMG, Vertegaal ACO. SUMOylation Is Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Chondrosarcoma of Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153823. [PMID: 34359724 PMCID: PMC8345166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary SUMO is a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification important for many cellular processes and is suggested to play a role in cancer cell cycle progression. The aim of our study is to understand the role of SUMOylation in tumor progression and aggressiveness. Chondrosarcoma of bone was employed as a model to investigate if SUMOylation contributes to its aggressiveness. We confirmed that SUMO expression levels correlate with aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma and disease outcome. Inhibition of SUMOylation showed promising effects on reduction of chondrosarcoma growth in vitro. Our study implies that SUMO expression could be used as a potential biomarker for disease outcome in chondrosarcoma. Abstract Multiple components of the SUMOylation machinery are deregulated in various cancers and could represent potential therapeutic targets. Understanding the role of SUMOylation in tumor progression and aggressiveness would increase our insight in the role of SUMO in cancer and clarify its potential as a therapeutic target. Here we investigate SUMO in relation to conventional chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage forming tumors of the bone. Aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma increases with increasing histological grade, and a multistep progression model is assumed. High-grade chondrosarcomas have acquired an increased number of genetic alterations. Using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA) containing 137 chondrosarcomas, we showed that higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 correlates with increased histological grade. In addition, high SUMO2/3 expression was associated with decreased overall survival chances (p = 0. 0312) in chondrosarcoma patients as determined by log-rank analysis and Cox regression. Various chondrosarcoma cell lines (n = 7), especially those derived from dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, were sensitive to SUMO inhibition in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that SUMO E1 inhibition interferes with cell division and as a consequence DNA bridges are frequently formed between daughter cells. In conclusion, SUMO expression could potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie S. Kroonen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alwine B. Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Inge H. Briaire-de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Olaejirinde O. Olaofe
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.B.K.); (I.H.B.-d.B.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.M.G.B.); (A.C.O.V.)
| | - Alfred C. O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (J.V.M.G.B.); (A.C.O.V.)
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15
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Targeting SUMOylation dependency in human cancer stem cells through a unique SAE2 motif revealed by chemical genomics. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1394-1406.e10. [PMID: 33979648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) encompass a rich source of bioactive chemical entities. Here, we used human cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a chemical genomics campaign with NP chemical space to interrogate extracts from diverse strains of actinomycete for anti-cancer properties. We identified a compound (McM25044) capable of selectively inhibiting human CSC function versus normal stem cell counterparts. Biochemical and molecular studies revealed that McM025044 exerts inhibition on human CSCs through the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) cascade, found to be hyperactive in a variety of human cancers. McM025044 impedes the SUMOylation pathway via direct targeting of the SAE1/2 complex. Treatment of patient-derived CSCs resulted in reduced levels of SUMOylated proteins and suppression of progenitor and stem cell capacity measured in vitro and in vivo. Our study overcomes a barrier in chemically inhibiting oncogenic SUMOylation activity and uncovers a unique role for SAE2 in the biology of human cancers.
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16
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Mons E, Kim RQ, van Doodewaerd BR, van Veelen PA, Mulder MPC, Ovaa H. Exploring the Versatility of the Covalent Thiol-Alkyne Reaction with Substituted Propargyl Warheads: A Deciding Role for the Cysteine Protease. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6423-6433. [PMID: 33885283 PMCID: PMC8154518 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Terminal unactivated alkynes are nowadays considered the golden standard for cysteine-reactive warheads in activity-based probes (ABPs) targeting cysteine deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). In this work, we study the versatility of the thiol-alkyne addition reaction in more depth. Contrary to previous findings with UCHL3, we now show that covalent adduct formation can progress with substituents on the terminal or internal alkyne position. Strikingly, acceptance of alkyne substituents is strictly DUB-specific as this is not conserved among members of the same subfamily. Covalent adduct formation with the catalytic cysteine residue was validated by gel analysis and mass spectrometry of intact ABP-treated USP16CDWT and catalytically inactive mutant USP16CDC205A. Bottom-up mass spectrometric analysis of the covalent adduct with a deuterated propargyl ABP provides mechanistic understanding of the in situ thiol-alkyne reaction, identifying the alkyne rather than an allenic intermediate as the reactive species. Furthermore, kinetic analysis revealed that introduction of (bulky/electron-donating) methyl substituents on the propargyl moiety decreases the rate of covalent adduct formation, thus providing a rational explanation for the commonly lower level of observed covalent adduct compared to unmodified alkynes. Altogether, our work extends the scope of possible propargyl derivatives in cysteine targeting ABPs from unmodified terminal alkynes to internal and substituted alkynes, which we anticipate will have great value in the development of ABPs with improved selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Mons
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q. Kim
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn R. van Doodewaerd
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department
of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Subramonian D, Chen TA, Paolini N, Zhang XDD. Poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:855-873. [PMID: 33910471 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1907509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO modification is required for the kinetochore localization of the kinesin-like motor protein CENP-E, which subsequently mediates the alignment of chromosomes to the spindle equator during mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which sumoylation regulates CENP-E kinetochore localization are still unclear. In this study, we first elucidate that the kinetochore protein Nuf2 is not only required for CENP-E kinetochore localization but also preferentially modified by poly-SUMO-2/3 chains. In addition, poly-SUMO-2/3 modification of Nuf2 is significantly upregulated during mitosis, which is temporally correlated to the kinetochore localization of CENP-E during mitosis. We further show that the mitotic defects in CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression caused by global inhibition of sumoylation can be rescued by expressing a fusion protein between Nuf2 and the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 for stimulating Nuf2 SUMO-2/3 modification. Moreover, the expression of another fusion protein between Nuf2 and three SUMO-2 moieties (SUMO-2 trimer), which mimics the trimeric SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2, can also rescue the mitotic defects due to global inhibition of sumoylation. Conversely, expressing the other forms of Nuf2-SUMO fusion proteins, which imitate Nuf2 modifications by SUMO-2/3 monomer, SUMO-2/3 dimer, and SUMO-1 trimer, respectively, cannot rescue the same mitotic defects. Lastly, compared to Nuf2, the fusion protein simulating the trimeric SUMO-2 chain-modified Nuf2 exhibits a significantly higher binding affinity to CENP-E wild type containing a functional SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) but not the CENP-E SIM mutant. Hence, our results support a model that poly-SUMO-2/3 chain modification of Nuf2 facilitates CENP-E kinetochore localization and chromosome congression during mitosis.Abbreviations: CENP-E, centromere-associated protein E; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; SIM, SUMO-interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Te-An Chen
- Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Dong David Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Langston SP, Grossman S, England D, Afroze R, Bence N, Bowman D, Bump N, Chau R, Chuang BC, Claiborne C, Cohen L, Connolly K, Duffey M, Durvasula N, Freeze S, Gallery M, Galvin K, Gaulin J, Gershman R, Greenspan P, Grieves J, Guo J, Gulavita N, Hailu S, He X, Hoar K, Hu Y, Hu Z, Ito M, Kim MS, Lane SW, Lok D, Lublinsky A, Mallender W, McIntyre C, Minissale J, Mizutani H, Mizutani M, Molchinova N, Ono K, Patil A, Qian M, Riceberg J, Shindi V, Sintchak MD, Song K, Soucy T, Wang Y, Xu H, Yang X, Zawadzka A, Zhang J, Pulukuri SM. Discovery of TAK-981, a First-in-Class Inhibitor of SUMO-Activating Enzyme for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2501-2520. [PMID: 33631934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates protein function through covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins. The process of SUMOylating proteins involves an enzymatic cascade, the first step of which entails the activation of a SUMO protein through an ATP-dependent process catalyzed by SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE). Here, we describe the identification of TAK-981, a mechanism-based inhibitor of SAE which forms a SUMO-TAK-981 adduct as the inhibitory species within the enzyme catalytic site. Optimization of selectivity against related enzymes as well as enhancement of mean residence time of the adduct were critical to the identification of compounds with potent cellular pathway inhibition and ultimately a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect and efficacy in preclinical tumor models, culminating in the identification of the clinical molecule TAK-981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Langston
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen Grossman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dylan England
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roushan Afroze
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neil Bence
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas Bowman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy Bump
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Chau
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bei-Ching Chuang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Claiborne
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Kelly Connolly
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Katherine Galvin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gaulin
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel Gershman
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Greenspan
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Grieves
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianping Guo
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nanda Gulavita
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shumet Hailu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xingyue He
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kara Hoar
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhigen Hu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mitsuhiro Ito
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott Weston Lane
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Lok
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anya Lublinsky
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Mallender
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles McIntyre
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Minissale
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirotake Mizutani
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Miho Mizutani
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Molchinova
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Koji Ono
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Ashok Patil
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Qian
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Riceberg
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vaishali Shindi
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael D Sintchak
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keli Song
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Teresa Soucy
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yana Wang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - He Xu
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Agatha Zawadzka
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ji Zhang
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sai M Pulukuri
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Garcia P, Harrod A, Jha S, Jenkins J, Barnhill A, Lee H, Thompson M, Williams JP, Barefield J, Mckinnon A, Suarez P, Shah A, Lowrey AJ, Bentz GL. Effects of targeting sumoylation processes during latent and induced Epstein-Barr virus infections using the small molecule inhibitor ML-792. Antiviral Res 2021; 188:105038. [PMID: 33577806 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the second leading cause of death in the United States, cancer has a considerable impact on society, and one cellular process that is commonly dysregulated in many cancers is the post-translational modification of proteins by the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO; sumoylation). We documented that sumoylation processes are up-regulated in lymphoma tissues in the presence of Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP1), the principal oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). LMP1-mediated dysregulation of cellular sumoylation processes contributes to oncogenesis, modulates innate immune responses, and aids the maintenance of viral latency. Manipulation of protein sumoylation has been proposed for anti-cancer and anti-viral therapies; however, known inhibitors of sumoylation do not only target sumoylation processes. Recently, a specific and selective small-molecule inhibitor of sumoylation (ML-792) was identified; however, nothing is known about the effect of ML-792 on LMP1-mediated dysregulation of cellular sumoylation or the EBV life-cycle. We hypothesized that ML-792 modulates viral replication and the oncogenic potential of EBV LMP1 by inhibiting protein sumoylation. Results showed that ML-792 inhibited sumoylation processes in multiple EBV-positive B cell lines and EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines but not in their EBV-negative counterparts. Focusing on its effect on B cells, ML-792 inhibited B-cell growth and promoted cell death at very low doses. ML-792 also modulated LMP1-induced cell migration and cell adhesion, which suggests the abrogation of the oncogenic potential of LMP1. Finally, while higher concentrations of ML-792 were sufficient to induce low levels EBV spontaneous reactivation, they decreased the production of new infectious virus following an induced reactivation and the infection of new cells, suggesting that ML-792 has anti-viral potential. Together, these findings suggest that ML-792 may be a potential therapeutic drug to treat EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies by targeting oncogenesis and the EBV life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garcia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Abigail Harrod
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Jha
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Alex Barnhill
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Holden Lee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Merritt Thompson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | | | - James Barefield
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Ashton Mckinnon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Persia Suarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Ananya Shah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Angela J Lowrey
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Gretchen L Bentz
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
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20
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Schneeweis C, Hassan Z, Schick M, Keller U, Schneider G. The SUMO pathway in pancreatic cancer: insights and inhibition. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:531-538. [PMID: 33071285 PMCID: PMC7851129 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An urgent medical need to develop novel treatment strategies for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exists. However, despite various efforts in the histopathological and molecular subtyping of PDAC, novel targeted or specific therapies have not been established. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with ubiquitin-like proteins, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs), mediate numerous processes that can contribute to the fitness and survival of cancer cells. The contribution of SUMOylation to transcriptional control, DNA repair pathways, mitotic progression, and oncogenic signalling has been described. Here we review functions of the SUMO pathway in PDAC, with a special focus on its connection to an aggressive subtype of the disease characterised by high MYC activity, and discuss SUMOylation inhibitors under development for precise PDAC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schneeweis
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, München, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Kroonen JS, Vertegaal ACO. Targeting SUMO Signaling to Wrestle Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:496-510. [PMID: 33353838 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) signaling cascade is critical for gene expression, genome integrity, and cell cycle progression. In this review, we discuss the important role SUMO may play in cancer and how to target SUMO signaling. Recently developed small molecule inhibitors enable therapeutic targeting of the SUMOylation pathway. Blocking SUMOylation not only leads to reduced cancer cell proliferation but also to an increased antitumor immune response by stimulating interferon (IFN) signaling, indicating that SUMOylation inhibitors have a dual mode of action that can be employed in the fight against cancer. The search for tumor types that can be treated with SUMOylation inhibitors is ongoing. Employing SUMO conjugation inhibitory drugs in the years to come has potential as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie S Kroonen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications of cellular substrates with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs), including ubiquitin, SUMOs, and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8, play a central role in regulating many aspects of cell biology. The UBL conjugation cascade is initiated by a family of ATP-dependent enzymes termed E1 activating enzymes and executed by the downstream E2-conjugating enzymes and E3 ligases. Despite their druggability and their key position at the apex of the cascade, pharmacologic modulation of E1s with potent and selective drugs has remained elusive until 2009. Among the eight E1 enzymes identified so far, those initiating ubiquitylation (UBA1), SUMOylation (SAE), and neddylation (NAE) are the most characterized and are implicated in various aspects of cancer biology. To date, over 40 inhibitors have been reported to target UBA1, SAE, and NAE, including the NAE inhibitor pevonedistat, evaluated in more than 30 clinical trials. In this Review, we discuss E1 enzymes, the rationale for their therapeutic targeting in cancer, and their different inhibitors, with emphasis on the pharmacologic properties of adenosine sulfamates and their unique mechanism of action, termed substrate-assisted inhibition. Moreover, we highlight other less-characterized E1s-UBA6, UBA7, UBA4, UBA5, and autophagy-related protein 7-and the opportunities for targeting these enzymes in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The clinical successes of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy and the emerging resistance to these agents have prompted the exploration of other signaling nodes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system including E1 enzymes. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biology of different E1 enzymes, their roles in cancer, and how to translate this knowledge into novel therapeutic strategies with potential implications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H Barghout
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.H.B., A.D.S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt (S.H.B.)
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23
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Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is protein modification pathway that regulates multiple biological processes, including cell division, DNA replication/repair, signal transduction, and cellular metabolism. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, such as cancer, diabetes, seizure, and heart failure, which have been linked to the SUMO pathway. SUMO is conjugated to lysine residues in target proteins through an isopeptide linkage catalyzed by SUMO-specific activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligating (E3) enzymes. In steady state, the quantity of SUMO-modified substrates is usually a small fraction of unmodified substrates due to the deconjugation activity of the family Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). In contrast to the complexity of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination machinery, the biochemistry of SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation is relatively modest. Specificity of the SUMO pathway is achieved through redox regulation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or other posttranslational protein modification of the SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation enzymes. There are three major SUMOs. SUMO-1 usually modifies a substrate as a monomer; however, SUMO-2/3 can form poly-SUMO chains. The monomeric SUMO-1 or poly-SUMO chains can interact with other proteins through SUMO-interactive motif (SIM). Thus SUMO modification provides a platform to enhance protein-protein interaction. The consequence of SUMOylation includes changes in cellular localization, protein activity, or protein stability. Furthermore, SUMO may join force with ubiquitin to degrade proteins through SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbL). After 20 yr of research, SUMO has been shown to play critical roles in most, if not all, biological pathways. Thus the SUMO enzymes could be targets for drug development to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Edward T H Yeh
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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24
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Jansen NS, Vertegaal ACO. A Chain of Events: Regulating Target Proteins by SUMO Polymers. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:113-123. [PMID: 33008689 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) regulate virtually all nuclear processes. The fate of the target protein is determined by the architecture of the attached SUMO protein, which can be of polymeric nature. Here, we highlight the multifunctional aspects of dynamic signal transduction by SUMO polymers. The SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) RING-finger protein 4 (RNF4) and RNF111 recognize SUMO polymers in a chain-architecture-dependent manner, leading to the formation of hybrid chains, which could enable proteasomal destruction of proteins. Recent publications have highlighted essential roles for SUMO chain disassembly by the mammalian SUMO proteases SENP6 and SENP7 and the yeast SUMO protease Ulp2. SENP6 is particularly important for centromere assembly. These recent findings demonstrate the diversity of SUMO polymer signal transduction for proteolytic and nonproteolytic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette S Jansen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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25
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Du L, Fakih MG, Rosen ST, Chen Y. SUMOylation of E2F1 Regulates Expression of EZH2. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4212-4223. [PMID: 32816857 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of EZH2, the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), often occurs in cancer. EZH2 expression results in the silencing of genes that suppress tumor formation and metastasis through trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at their promoters. However, inhibitors of EZH2 enzymatic activity have not shown the expected efficacy against cancer in clinical trials, suggesting a need for other strategies to address EZH2 overexpression. Here, we show that SUMOylation, a posttranslational modification characterized by covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a lysine (Lys) residue on target proteins, enhances EZH2 transcription. Either knockdown of the SUMO-activating enzyme SAE2 or pharmacologic inhibition of SUMOylation resulted in decreased levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein as well as reduced H3K27me3 levels. SUMOylation regulated EZH2 expression by enhancing binding of the E2F1 transcriptional activator to the EZH2 promoter. Inhibition of SUMOylation not only resulted in reduced EZH2 mRNA and protein levels but also increased expression of genes silenced by EZH2, such as E-cadherin, which suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. In more than 6,500 patient tumor samples across different cancer types, expression of UBA2 and EZH2 was positively correlated. Taken together, our findings suggest that inhibition of SUMOylation may serve as a potential strategy to address EZH2 overexpression and improve current cancer therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide important biological insights into the mechanism of EZH2 overexpression in cancers and suggest that inhibiting SUMOylation may improve current cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Marwan G Fakih
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Beckman Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California.
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26
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Targeting post-translational modification of transcription factors as cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1502-1512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Rennie ML, Chaugule VK, Walden H. Modes of allosteric regulation of the ubiquitination machinery. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 62:189-196. [PMID: 32305021 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification crucial for cellular signaling. A diverse range of enzymes constitute the machinery that mediates attachment of ubiquitin onto target proteins. This diversity allows the targeting of various proteins in a highly regulated fashion. Many of the enzymes have multiple domains or subunits that bind allosteric effectors and exhibit large conformational rearrangements to facilitate regulation. Here we consider recent examples of ubiquitin itself as an allosteric effector of RING and RBR E3 ligases, as well as advances in the understanding of allosteric regulatory elements within HECT E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Rennie
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Viduth K Chaugule
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Walden
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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28
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Fenteany G, Gaur P, Sharma G, Pintér L, Kiss E, Haracska L. Robust high-throughput assays to assess discrete steps in ubiquitination and related cascades. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:21. [PMID: 32228444 PMCID: PMC7106726 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like protein post-translational modifications play an enormous number of roles in cellular processes. These modifications are constituted of multistep reaction cascades. Readily implementable and robust methods to evaluate each step of the overall process, while presently limited, are critical to the understanding and modulation of the reaction sequence at any desired level, both in terms of basic research and potential therapeutic drug discovery and development. Results We developed multiple robust and reliable high-throughput assays to interrogate each of the sequential discrete steps in the reaction cascade leading to protein ubiquitination. As models for the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, and their ultimate substrate of ubiquitination in a cascade, we examined Uba1, Rad6, Rad18, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively, in reconstituted systems. Identification of inhibitors of this pathway holds promise in cancer therapy since PCNA ubiquitination plays a central role in DNA damage tolerance and resulting mutagenesis. The luminescence-based assays we developed allow for the quantitative determination of the degree of formation of ubiquitin thioester conjugate intermediates with both E1 and E2 proteins, autoubiquitination of the E3 protein involved, and ubiquitination of the final substrate. Thus, all covalent adducts along the cascade can be individually probed. We tested previously identified inhibitors of this ubiquitination cascade, finding generally good correspondence between compound potency trends determined by more traditional low-throughput methods and the present high-throughput ones. Conclusions These approaches are readily adaptable to other E1, E2, and E3 systems, and their substrates in both ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like post-translational modification cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fenteany
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Paras Gaur
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Lajos Pintér
- Visal Plus Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ernő Kiss
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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29
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Cheng SS, Yang GJ, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. The design and development of covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitors for cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32228680 PMCID: PMC7106679 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to a variety of biological processes, and their dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases, including cancer. Hence, the inhibition of PPIs has attracted significant attention in drug discovery. Covalent inhibitors have been reported to achieve high efficiency through forming covalent bonds with cysteine or other nucleophilic residues in the target protein. Evidence suggests that there is a reduced risk for the development of drug resistance against covalent drugs, which is a major challenge in areas such as oncology and infectious diseases. Recent improvements in structural biology and chemical reactivity have enabled the design and development of potent and selective covalent PPI inhibitors. In this review, we will highlight the design and development of therapeutic agents targeting PPIs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Chen Z, Xie M, Ma Y, Wu G, Huang X, Luo C, Huang Z, Sun Y, Huang Y, Li X, Hou Y, Chen J. Zfp521 SUMOylation facilities erythroid hematopoietic reconstitution under stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:943-953. [PMID: 31916512 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1703639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 521 (Zfp521) is a key transcriptional factor in regulation of hematopoiesis. SUMOylation, a protein post-translational modification process, plays important roles in various biological process including hematopoiesis. However, whether Zfp521 can be SUMOylated and how it affects hematopoiesis is unknown. In this study, we confirmed that Zfp521 can be modified by SUMO1 and lysine 1146 was the primary SUMOylation site. Under homeostatic condition, Zfp521 SUMOylation-deficient mice had normal mature blood cells and primitive cells. However, in bone marrow (BM) transplantation assay, recipient mice transplanted with BM cells from Zfp521 SUMOylation-deficient mice had a significantly decreased R2 population of erythroid lineage in BM and spleen compared with those transplanted with BM cells from wild-type mice. Our results found a novel function of Zfp521 SUMOylation in erythroid reconstitution under stress, which might be a new therapeutic target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingling Xie
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Luo
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Sun
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hou
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Magin RS, Doherty LM, Buhrlage SJ. Discovery of a First-In-Class Covalent Allosteric Inhibitor of SUMO E1 Activating Enzyme. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:153-155. [PMID: 30794786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification with important roles in normal physiology and whose dysregulation is associated with human diseases. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Li et al. (2019) describe a covalent, allosteric inhibitor of the SUMO E1 enzyme and demonstrate its anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Magin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology and Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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The SUMO Pathway in Hematomalignancies and Their Response to Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163895. [PMID: 31405039 PMCID: PMC6721055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier) is a post-translational modifier of the ubiquitin family controlling the function and fate of thousands of proteins. SUMOylation is deregulated in various hematological malignancies, where it participates in both tumorigenesis and cancer cell response to therapies. This is the case for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemias (APL) where SUMOylation, and subsequent destruction, of the PML-RARα fusion oncoprotein are triggered by arsenic trioxide, which is used as front-line therapy in combination with retinoic acid to cure APL patients. A similar arsenic-induced SUMO-dependent degradation was also documented for Tax, a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV1) viral protein implicated in Adult T-cell Leukemogenesis. SUMOylation also participates in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) response to both chemo- and differentiation therapies, in particular through its ability to regulate gene expression. In Multiple Myeloma, many enzymes of the SUMO pathway are overexpressed and their high expression correlates with lower response to melphalan-based chemotherapies. B-cell lymphomas overexpressing the c-Myc oncogene also overexpress most components of the SUMO pathway and are highly sensitive to SUMOylation inhibition. Targeting the SUMO pathway with recently discovered pharmacological inhibitors, alone or in combination with current therapies, might therefore constitute a powerful strategy to improve the treatment of these cancers.
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33
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Lv Z, Yuan L, Atkison JH, Williams KM, Vega R, Sessions EH, Divlianska DB, Davies C, Chen Y, Olsen SK. Molecular mechanism of a covalent allosteric inhibitor of SUMO E1 activating enzyme. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5145. [PMID: 30514846 PMCID: PMC6279746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
E1 enzymes activate ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls) in the first step of Ub/Ubl conjugation cascades and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Here, we report the crystal structure of the E1 enzyme for the Ubl SUMO in complex with a recently discovered and highly specific covalent allosteric inhibitor (COH000). The structure reveals that COH000 targets a cryptic pocket distinct from the active site that is completely buried in all previous SUMO E1 structures and that COH000 binding to SUMO E1 is accompanied by a network of structural changes that altogether lock the enzyme in a previously unobserved inactive conformation. These structural changes include disassembly of the active site and a 180° rotation of the catalytic cysteine-containing SCCH domain, relative to conformational snapshots of SUMO E1 poised to catalyze adenylation. Altogether, our study provides a molecular basis for the inhibitory mechanism of COH000 and its SUMO E1 specificity, and also establishes a framework for potential development of molecules targeting E1 enzymes for other Ubls at a cryptic allosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - Lingmin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - James H Atkison
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - Katelyn M Williams
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - Ramir Vega
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, 91010, CA, USA
| | - E Hampton Sessions
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, 32827, FL, USA
| | - Daniela B Divlianska
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, 32827, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Davies
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, 91010, CA, USA.
| | - Shaun K Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA.
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