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Gao C, Long J, Yue Y, Li B, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Qian G. Degradation and regeneration inhibition of PCDD/Fs in incineration fly ash by low-temperature thermal technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135315. [PMID: 39096638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature thermal degradation of PCDD/Fs for incineration fly ash (IFA), as a novel and emerging technology approach, offers promising features of high degradation efficiency and low energy consumption, presenting enormous potential for application in IFA resource utilization processes. This review summarizes the concentrations, congener distributions, and heterogeneity characteristics of PCDD/Fs in IFA from municipal, medical, and hazardous waste incineration. A comparative analysis of five PCDD/Fs degradation technologies is conducted regarding their characteristics, industrial potential, and applicability. From the perspective of low-temperature degradation mechanisms, pathways to enhance PCDD/Fs degradation efficiency and inhibit their regeneration reactions are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges to achieve low-temperature degradation of PCDD/Fs for IFA with high-efficiency are prospected. This review seeks to explore new opportunities for the detoxification and resource utilization of IFA by implementing more efficient and viable low-temperature degradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jisheng Long
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Weidemann E, Lundin L, Boily JF. Thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste fly ash and desorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans from fly ash surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22843-22851. [PMID: 27568197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces of fly ashes from three Swedish MSW incinerating plants were extensively characterized to better predict their involvement in the generation of persistent organic pollutants. The ashes were then subjected to thermal treatment at 400 °C in sealed glass ampoules to track the decomposition polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD and PCDF). Temperature programmed desorption experiments in the 30-900 °C range also enabled monitoring of thermally decomposing ashes by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as thermally desorbing effluent gases by mass spectrometry. In addition, one ash was doped with 13C-labelled PCDD and PCDF to evaluate the potential of the experimental setup for elucidating the thermal desorption of the organic molecules. It was found that in ashes with high carbon content PCDD and PCDF decomposition were led pronounced, and that PCDD degraded more readily than PCDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weidemann
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Industrial Doctoral School, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lisa Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Fujimori T, Nakamura M, Takaoka M, Shiota K, Kitajima Y. Synergetic inhibition of thermochemical formation of chlorinated aromatics by sulfur and nitrogen derived from thiourea: Multielement characterizations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:43-50. [PMID: 26954475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur (N/S)-containing compounds inhibit the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) in thermal processes. However, few studies have examined the inhibition mechanisms of N/S-containing compounds. In the present study, we focused on thiourea [(NH2)2CS] as such a compound and investigated its inhibition effects and mechanisms. The production of PCDD/Fs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) were inhibited by >99% in the model fly ash in the presence of 1.0% thiourea after heating at 300 °C. Experimental results using real fly ash series were indicative of the thermal destruction of these chlorinated aromatics by thiourea. Multielement characterization using K-edge X-ray absorption fine structures of copper, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon revealed three possible inhibition paths, namely, (a) sulfidization of the copper catalyst to CuS, Cu2S, and CuSO4; (b) blocking the chlorination of carbon via the reaction of chlorine with N-containing compounds to generate ammonium chloride and other minor compounds; and (c) changing the carbon frame involved in attacking the carbon matrix by sulfur and nitrogen. Thus, thiourea plays a role as a sulfur and nitrogen donor to achieve multiple and synergistic inhibition of chlorinated aromatics. Our results suggest that other N/S-containing inhibitors function based on similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Madoka Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kenji Shiota
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitajima
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science (IMSS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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Fujimori T, Nishimoto Y, Shiota K, Takaoka M. Contrasting effects of sulfur dioxide on cupric oxide and chloride during thermochemical formation of chlorinated aromatics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13644-13651. [PMID: 25377729 DOI: 10.1021/es503679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas has been reported to be an inhibitor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) formation in fly ash. However, other research has suggested little or no inhibitory effect of SO2 gas. Although these studies focused on reactions between SO2 gas and gas-phase chlorine (Cl) species, no attention was paid to thermochemical gas-solid reactions. In this study, we found contrasting effects of SO2 gas depending on the chemical form of copper (CuO vs CuCl2) with a solid-phase inorganic Cl source (KCl). Chlorinated aromatics (PCDD/Fs, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlorobenzenes) increased and decreased in model fly ash containing CuO + KCl and CuCl2 + KCl, respectively, with increased SO2 injection. According to in situ Cu K-edge and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Cl gas and CuCl2 were generated and then promoted the formation of highly chlorinated aromatics after thermochemical reactions of SO2 gas with the solid-phase CuO + KCl system. In contrast, the decrease in aromatic-Cls in a CuCl2 + KCl system with SO2 gas was caused mainly by the partial sulfation of the Cu. The chemical form of Cu (especially the oxide/chloride ratio) may be a critical factor in controlling the formation of chlorinated aromatics using SO2 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies and ‡Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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Lassesson H, Fedje KK, Steenari BM. Leaching for recovery of copper from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: influence of ash properties and metal speciation. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:755-762. [PMID: 25106538 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14542147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of metals occurring in significant amounts in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, such as copper, could offer several advantages: a decreased amount of potentially mobile metal compounds going to landfill, saving of natural resources and a monetary value. A combination of leaching and solvent extraction may constitute a feasible recovery path for metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. However, it has been shown that the initial dissolution and leaching is a limiting step in such a recovery process. The work described in this article was focused on elucidating physical and chemical differences between two ash samples with the aim of explaining the differences in copper release from these samples in two leaching methods. The results showed that the chemical speciation is an important factor affecting the release of copper. The occurrence of copper as phosphate or silicate will hinder leaching, while sulphate and chloride will facilitate leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Lassesson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Karlfeldt Fedje
- Recycling and Waste Management, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Steenari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fujimori T, Tanino Y, Takaoka M. Thermochemical behavior of lead adjusting formation of chlorinated aromatics in MSW fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:2169-2176. [PMID: 23363298 DOI: 10.1021/es303663r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the thermochemical role of Pb in the formation of chlorinated aromatics (aromatic-Cls) in MSW fly ash at 300-400 °C, a key temperature window for maximum yield. In the presence of lead oxide alone, aromatic-Cls formation was suppressed. One of the mechanisms of suppression was partial chlorination of PbO by an inorganic chlorine source in the solid phase, based on in situ Pb L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data. In contrast, quantitative GC/MS measurements revealed that PbCl2 promoted aromatic-Cls formation to an extent that depends on the Pb concentration, the heating temperature, and the presence of other metal catalysts. We identified two mechanisms of aromatic-Cls formation triggered by PbCl2 in MSW fly ash. First, promotion can occur by the thermochemical partial oxidation of PbCl2. More specifically, real complex solid phase increases the thermochemical oxidation reactivity of PbCl2, based on in situ Pb L3-edge XANES data. Second, Cl K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a coexistent effect of PbCl2 with other metal catalysts such as CuCl2 and FeCl3. The presence of PbCl2 influences the balance of the bonding state of chlorine with Cu and Fe atoms at various temperatures. Thus, Pb in real MSW fly ash functions as an "adjuster" in the generation of aromatic-Cls, the nature of which depends on the lead oxide/chloride ratio and the presence of other metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
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Fujimori T, Takaoka M. Thermochemical chlorination of carbon indirectly driven by an unexpected sulfide of copper with inorganic chloride. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 197:345-351. [PMID: 22004834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Unintentional anthropogenic thermal chlorination of carbon is known to be a contributor to global environmental pollution of organochlorine compounds. We found unexpected, serious chlorination of carbon promoted by a "sulfide" of copper, which has been generally thought of and studied as an inactive metal catalyst. Our quantitative and X-ray spectroscopic results show that a fraction of cupric sulfide indirectly promoted thermochemical solid-phase formation of a large quantity of organochlorine compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, and benzenes that used inactive inorganic chloride as chlorine storage, which partly caused environmental pollution by organochlorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Takaoka M, Fujimori T, Shiono A, Yamamoto T, Takeda N, Oshita K, Uruga T, Sun Y, Tanaka T. Formation of chlorinated aromatics in model fly ashes using various copper compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:144-149. [PMID: 20452643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Various copper compounds found in fly ash are related to the formation of chlorinated aromatics. The formation potentials of chlorinated aromatics in different model fly ashes containing various copper compounds and the chemical behavior of such copper compounds were investigated. In model fly ash with copper metal, hydroxide, carbonate, or oxides, the generated amounts of chlorobenzene (CBz) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the average chlorination numbers were low and at the same level, respectively. The maximum generated amounts of chlorinated aromatics were observed at 300 degrees C. Although X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that the chemical form of copper compounds changed little, they were found to promote the formation of chlorinated aromatics. Therefore, these copper compounds play the same role as CuO. On the other hand, in model fly ash with copper chloride, the generated amounts of CBz and PCBs were quite high and the average chlorination numbers was high. Dynamic changes were observed in XANES spectra, and the pre-edge peak attributed to monovalent copper compounds appeared at around 300 degrees C. A large difference was observed between these two groups in the amount of CuCl generated and the homologs of chlorinated aromatics present, indicating that CuCl played an important role in the formation of chlorinated aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takaoka
- Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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FUJIMORI T, TANINO Y, TAKAOKA M, MORISAWA S. Chlorination Mechanism of Carbon during Dioxin Formation Using Cl-K Near-edge X-ray-absorption Fine Structure. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:1119-25. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fujimori T, Takaoka M, Takeda N. Influence of Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn chlorides and oxides on formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in MSWI fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8053-8059. [PMID: 19924922 DOI: 10.1021/es901842n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Model fly ashes containing admixed Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn chlorides and oxides were heated at a temperature corresponding to the postcombustion zone of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), resulting in the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorobenzenes (CBzs). The concentrations of these compounds were measured and compared with those occurring in real fly ash. The order with respect generative capacity of each metal additive was calculated from principal component analysis of the concentrations of the different chlorinated aromatic compounds as CuCl(2)*2H(2)O > Cu(2)(OH)(3)Cl > FeCl(3)*6H(2)O > FeCl(2)*4H(2)O > CuO > Fe(2)O(3) > PbCl(2) > blank (no metal added) > ZnCl(2) > PbO > ZnO. From hierarchical cluster analysis of the concentrations and congener distribution patterns of the PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and CBzs, the metallic compounds were divided into five groups: Group A (CuCl(2)*2H(2)O and Cu(2)(OH)(3)Cl), B (FeCl(3)*6H(2)O and FeCl(2)*4H(2)O), C (CuO and PbCl(2)), D (Fe(2)O(3), blank, and ZnCl(2)), and E (PbO and ZnO). Cluster analysis showed the congener distribution patterns of model fly ashes to be similar to the pattern of real MSWI fly ash. The formation of PCDDs was influenced mainly by group B, blank, and PbO; PCDFs, mainly by CuO, Fe(2)O(3) and ZnCl(2); PCBs, mainly by groups B and C; and CBzs, mainly by groups A and B. Thus, the multiple promotion of chlorinated aromatic compound formation by metallic chlorides and oxides in the fly ashes of MSWIs and other thermal processes has considerable importance for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimori
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nisikyo-ku, 615-8540, Kyoto, Japan.
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