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Son J, Hong Y, Seong H, Oh YS, Kwak MK. The high-throughput solid-phase extraction of cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) from Lactobacillus plantarum demonstrates efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria and influenza A (H3N2) virus. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1346598. [PMID: 38828395 PMCID: PMC11140067 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1346598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: 2,5-diketopiperazines are the simplest forms of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) and have diverse frameworks with chiral side chains that are useful for drug development. Previous research has investigated the antimicrobial properties of proline-linked CDPs and their combinations in the culture filtrate (CF) of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 using anion exchange chromatography (AEC). However, the quantity of CDPs showcasing notable anti-influenza virus activity derived from AECs was generally lower than those originating from Lactobacillus CF. Methods: To address this issue, the study aims to propose a more efficient method for isolating CDPs and to introduce the antiviral combinations of CDPs obtained using a new method. The study employed a novel technique entailing high-throughput C18-based solid-phase extraction with a methanol gradient (MeSPE). The MeSPE method involved increasing the methanol concentration from 5% to 50% in 5% increments. Results: The methanol SPE fractions (MeSPEfs) eluted with methanol concentrations between 35% and 45% evinced substantial efficacy in inhibiting the influenza A/H3N2 virus via plaque-forming assay. MeSPEf-45, the 45% MeSPEf, exhibited exceptional efficacy in preventing viral infections in Madin-Darby kidney cells, surpassing both individual CDPs and the entire set of MeSPEfs. To identify the specific antiviral components of MeSPEf-45, all MeSPEfs were further fractionated through preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). MeSPEf-45 fractions S8 and S11 presented the highest activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and influenza A/H3N2 virus among all MeSPEfs, with 11 common fractions. Antiviral fractions S8 and S11 were identified as proline-based CDPs, specifically cis-cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cis-cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The combination of MeSPEf-45 fractions S8 and S11 displayed superior antibacterial and anti-influenza virus effects compared to the individual fractions S8 and S11. Discussion: High-throughput MeSPE-derived MeSPEfs and subsequent HPLC-fractionated fractions presents an innovative approach to selectively purify large amounts of potent antimicrobial CDPs from bacterial CF. The findings also show the effectiveness of physiologically bioactive combinations that utilize fractions not containing CDP. This study provides the initial evidence demonstrating the antimicrobial properties of CDPs acquired through high-throughput SPE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Son
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Hong
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Seong
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Zeng D, Pan J, Hu J, Zheng M, Liu W, He D, Ye Q. Effects of polyethylene microplastics occurrence on estrogens degradation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141727. [PMID: 38499076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Growing focus has been drawn to the continuous detection of high estrogens levels in the soil environment. Additionally, microplastics (MPs) are also of growing concern worldwide, which may affect the environmental behavior of estrogens. However, little is known about effects of MPs occurrence on estrogens degradation in soil. In this study, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) were chosen to examine the influence on six common estrogens (estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (17α-EE2)) degradation. The results indicated that PE-MPs had little effect on the degradation of E3 and DES, and slightly affected the degradation of 17α-E2, however, significantly inhibited the degradation of E1, 17α-EE2, and 17β-E2. It was explained that (i) obvious oxidation reaction occurred on the surface of PE-MPs, indicating that PE-MPs might compete with estrogens for oxidation sites, such as redox and biological oxidation; (ii) PE-MPs significantly changed the bacterial community in soil, resulting in a decline in the abundance of some bacterial communities that biodegraded estrogens. Moreover, the rough surface of PE-MPs facilitated the estrogen-degrading bacterial species (especially for E1, E2, and EE2) to adhere, which decreased their reaction to estrogens. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the environmental behavior of typical estrogens in the coexisting system of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jie Pan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Jiawu Hu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mimi Zheng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Wangrong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Dechun He
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Quanyun Ye
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Tang H, Wang Y, Si S, Li H, Chen DDY. Quantification of perfluorinated compounds in atmospheric particulate shows potential connection with environmental event. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:237-247. [PMID: 37923434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from atmospheric particulate matter (APM) is described. A single step pretreatment method, selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE), was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment steps. An effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), for quantification of PFCs. Conditions affecting the SPLE efficiency, including temperature, static extraction time, and number of extraction cycles used, were studied. The optimum conditions were found to be 120°C, 10 min, and 3 cycles, respectively. LC-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to PFCs. The method detection limits (MDLs) were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/g. To ensure accurate values were obtained, each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent contamination. The optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target compounds. Finally, the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to 2019. It is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes, and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement, while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- National Institute of Metrology, 18 Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengling Si
- Si Chuan Zhong Ce Biao Wu Technology Co. Ltd., Sichuan 610052, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada.
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Zhao Z, Ma S, Gao B, Bi F, Qiao R, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhang X. A systematic review of intermediates and their characterization methods in VOCs degradation by different catalytic technologies. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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5
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Peng W, Fu Y, Jia B, Sun X, Wang Y, Deng Z, Lin S, Liang R. Metabolism analysis of 17α-ethynylestradiol by Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3 and identification of the functional genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127045. [PMID: 34488099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic estrogens are the most hazardous and persistent environmental estrogenic contaminants, with few reports on their biodegradation. Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3 degraded natural steroids efficiently and metabolized 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) with the addition of different easily used energy sources (glucose, peptone, ethanol, yeast extract, fulvic acid and ammonia). Over 92% of EE2 (1 mg/L) and 55% of EE2 (10 mg/L) in culture were removed in seven days with the addition of 0.1% ethanol, and the EE2-biotransforming efficiency increased with the increasing ethanol concentrations. Two novel intermediate metabolites of EE2 (C22H22O and C18H34O2) were identified with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC-Orbitrap/MS. Comparative analysis and genome mining revealed strain SJTE-3 contained a unique genetic basis for EE2 metabolism, and the putative EE2-degrading genes exhibited dispersed distribution. The EE2 metabolism of strain SJTE-3 was inducible and the transcription of eight genes were significantly induced by EE2. Three genes (sdr3, yjcH and cyp2) encoding a short-chain dehydrogenase, a membrane transporter and a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, respectively, were vital for EE2 metabolism in strain SJTE-3; their over-expression accelerated EE2 metabolic processes and advanced the generation of intermediate metabolites. This work could promote the study of bacterial EE2 metabolism mechanisms and facilitate efficient bioremediation for EE2 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ben Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Liu J, Wu D, Yu Y, Liu J, Li G, Wu Y. Highly sensitive determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in foodstuffs through magnetic solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1666-1675. [PMID: 32888325 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), proved to be potential carcinogenic threats to human health, have received great concerns in food field. It was essential to develop effective methods to detect EDCs in food samples. The present study proposed an efficient method to determine trace EDCs including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and bisphenol A (BPA) based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in meat samples. RESULTS Fe3 O4 @COF(TpBD)/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized via functionalization of magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles, and used as absorbents of MSPE to enrich EDCs. The efficient EDCs enrichment relies on π-π stacking interaction, hydrogen bonding, and the interaction between titanium ions (IV, Ti4+ ) and hydroxyl groups in EDCs, which improves the selectivity and sensitivity. Under the optimized conditions, target EDCs were rapidly extracted through MSPE with 5 min. Combining Fe3 O4 @COF(TpBD)/TiO2 based MSPE and HPLC-MS/MS to determine EDCs, good linearities were observed with correlation coefficient (R2 ) ≥ 0.9989. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.13-0.41 μg kg-1 and 0.66-1.49 μg kg-1 , respectively. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied to real samples analysis. CONCLUSIONS The established MSPE-HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine EDCs in meat samples with rapidness, improved selectivity and sensitivity. It shows great prospects for EDCs detection in other complicated matrices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jichao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Applications of Nonconventional Green Extraction Technologies in Process Industries: Challenges, Limitations and Perspectives. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reviewed five different nonconventional technologies which are aligned with green concepts of product recovery from raw materials on industrial scale, with minimal energy consumption and chemical use. Namely, this study reviewed supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound extraction (UAE) and pulsed electric fields extraction (PEFE). This paper provides an overview of relevant innovative work done in process industries on different plant matrices for functional value-added compounds and byproduct production. A comparison of the five extraction methods showed the supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) process to be more reliable despite some limitations and challenges in terms of extraction yield and solubility of some bioactive compounds when applied in processing industries. However, these challenges can be solved by using ionic liquids as a trainer or cosolvent to supercritical CO2 during the extraction process. The choice of ionic liquid over organic solvents used to enhance extraction yield and solubility is based on properties such as hydrophobicity, polarity and selectivity in addition to a safe environment.
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Kumirska J, Łukaszewicz P, Caban M, Migowska N, Plenis A, Białk-Bielińska A, Czerwicka M, Qi F, Piotr S. Determination of twenty pharmaceutical contaminants in soil using ultrasound-assisted extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:232-242. [PMID: 31154184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of twenty pharmaceuticals (eight non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, five oestrogenic hormones, two antiepileptic drugs, two β-blockers, and three antidepressants) in soils was developed. The optimal method included ultrasound-assisted extraction, a clean-up step on a silica gel column, derivatization using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in pyridine and ethyl acetate (2:1:1, v/v/v) for 30 min at 60 °C, and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry working in the selected ion monitoring mode. This affords good resolution, high sensitivity and reproducibility, and freedom from interferences even from complex matrices such as soils. The method detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 ng g-1, the intra-day precision represented as RSDs ranged from 1.1 to 10.0%, and the intra-day accuracy from 81.3 to 119.7%. The absolute recoveries of the target compounds were above 80%, except for valproic acid and diethylstilbestrol. The developed method was successfully applied in the analysis of the target compounds in soils collected in Poland. Among the 20 pharmaceuticals, 12 compounds were detected at least once in the soils. The determination of antiepileptic drugs, β-blockers, and antidepressants was also performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kumirska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Migowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czerwicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Fei Qi
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Stepnowski Piotr
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Magnetic covalent organic frameworks based on magnetic solid phase extraction for determination of six steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in food samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Simultaneous Determination of Trace Levels of 12 Steroid Hormones in Soil Using Modified QuEChERS Extraction Followed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Shappell NW, Billey LO, Shipitalo MJ. Estrogenic activity and nutrient losses in surface runoff after winter manure application to small watersheds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:570-580. [PMID: 26610286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Confined Animal Feeding Operations generate large amounts of wastes that are land-applied to provide nutrients for crop production and return organic matter to the soil. Production practices and storage limitations often necessitate that wastes be applied to frozen and snow-covered soil. Use of application setbacks have reduced concerns related to nutrient losses in surface runoff from manure, but the estrogenic activity of runoff under these conditions has not been evaluated. Therefore, we measured and sampled surface runoff when manure was applied in the winter at a rate to meet crop N needs and measured estradiol equivalents (E2Eqs) using E-Screen. In year one, six small watersheds used to produce corn were evaluated, treatments: 2 no-manure controls, 2 liquid swine manure with 30-m setbacks, and 2 turkey litter with 30-m setbacks. In addition, beef manure was applied to six frozen plots of forage. For years 2 and 3, applications were repeated on the swine manure watersheds and one control watershed. E2Eqs and nutrient concentrations generally peaked in the first runoff event after application. The highest measured E2Eq (5.6 ng L(-1)) was in the first event after swine manure application and was less than the 8.9 ng L(-1) Lowest Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) for aquatic species and well below the concentrations measured in other studies using ELISAs to measure hormone concentrations. No runoff occurred from plots planted with forage, indicating low risk for environmental impact, and therefore plots were discontinued from study. In years 2 and 3, estrogenic activity never exceeded the Predicted No Effect Concentrations for E2 of 2 ng L(-1). When post-application runoff contained high estrogenic activity, strong correlations (R(2) 0.86 to 0.96) of E2Eq to Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) concentrations were observed, indicating under some condition these cations might be useful surrogates for E2Eq measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Shappell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA.
| | - L O Billey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND 58102-2765, USA.
| | - M J Shipitalo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Boulevard, Ames, IA 50011-3120, USA.
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Maletz S, Wollenweber M, Kubiak K, Müller A, Schmitz S, Maier D, Hecker M, Hollert H. Investigation of potential endocrine disrupting effects of mosquito larvicidal Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) formulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:729-738. [PMID: 26254073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bti is successfully used as a biological control agent for mosquito control. It has proven to be ecological friendly, and thus, is used in ecologically sensitive habitats. Recent investigations of groundwater in Germany have detected estrogenic activity in five consecutive groundwater wells in a region where Bti is applied. Therefore, it was suspected that this compound can act as an environmental xenoestrogen. In the present study, five Bti formulations as well as the active ingredient, VectoBac® TP (TP), were investigated regarding their estrogenic activity using the LYES and ER CALUX® assays. Furthermore, their steroidogenesis disruption properties were studied using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Additionally, field samples from a Bti application area as well as samples from an artificial pond were examined. Three of the Bti formulations and the active ingredient TP showed significant estrogenic activity in the LYES (up to 52 ng·l(-1) estradiol equivalents (EEQ) in the 18-fold concentration) and/or the ER CALUX® (up to 1 ng·EEQ·l(-1) in the 18-fold concentration). In the H295R significant but weak effects with no dose-response-relationship on the production of estradiol, and 21-hydroxyprogesterone (WDG) as well as testosterone (TP) by H295R cells could be observed. The field samples as well as the samples from the artificial pond showed no significant increase of estrogenic activity after application of TP or WDG in the ER CALUX®. With the exception of the controlled laboratory experiments with direct application of Bti to the utilized in vitro test systems the present study did not reveal any significant effects of Bti on endocrine functions that would indicate that the application of Bti could cause adverse endocrine effects to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Instead, our results support previous studies that the use of Bti products against mosquitos would be safe even for sensitive habitats such as conservation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Maletz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Wollenweber
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubiak
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annett Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmitz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Maier
- Heinrich-Sontheimer-Laboratories, Prüfstelle Wasser und Korrosion, Water Technology Center, Wasserwerkstr. 4, 76137 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of the Environment & Sustainability, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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13
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Corrotea Y, Aguilera N, Honda L, Richter P. Determination of Hormones in Wastewater Using Rotating Disk Sorptive Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1098653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Kumirska J, Migowska N, Caban M, Łukaszewicz P, Stepnowski P. Simultaneous determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oestrogenic hormones in environmental solid samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:498-505. [PMID: 25522321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are continually being released into the environment. Because of their physical and chemical properties, many of them or their bioactive metabolites can accumulate in sediments, sludge and soils, and induce adverse effects in terrestrial organisms. However, due to the very limited methods permitting the detection of these low-level concentration compounds in such complex matrices, their concentrations in natural solids remain largely unknown. In this paper, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of thirteen pharmaceuticals (eight non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and five oestrogenic hormones) in solid matrices was developed. The proposed MAE-SPE-GC-MS(SIM) method has been successfully validated providing a linear response over a concentration range of 1(17)-1000(1200)ng/g, depending on the pharmaceuticals, with correlation coefficients above 0.991. The method detection limits were in the range of 0.3-5.7 ng/g, absolute recoveries above 50%, except estrone. The developed method was applied in the analysis of the target compounds in sediment, sludge and soils collected in Poland giving primary data on their concentrations in such matrices in Poland. The obtained results confirmed that the proposed method can be successfully used in the analysis of real environmental solid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kumirska
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Migowska
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Trace analysis of selected hormones and sterols in river sediments by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Havens SM, Hedman CJ, Hemming JD, Mieritz MG, Shafer MM, Schauer JJ. Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction, Soxhlet and Sonication Techniques for the Extraction of Estrogens, Androgens and Progestogens from Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jacen.2014.33013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Analysis of natural-occurring and synthetic sexual hormones in sludge-amended soils by matrix solid-phase dispersion and isotope dilution gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1283:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Lu J, Wu J, Stoffella PJ, Wilson PC. Analysis of bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and natural estrogens in vegetables and fruits using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:84-89. [PMID: 23215552 DOI: 10.1021/jf304971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and steroidal estrogens in vegetables and fruits were analyzed using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Isotope dilution standards were spiked before the extraction to account for extraction inefficiency and loss of analytes during sample workup. Recoveries were >90% for all of the compounds in each matrix. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 μg kg(-1), whereas the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 μg kg(-1). All analytes can be monitored in a single GC-MS/MS run with a run time of 20 min. Occurrence of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in vegetables and fruits from local markets was observed using the established analytical method. BPA was detected in all vegetable and fruit samples, ranging from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 9.0 ± 4.9 μg kg(-1), indicating significant exposure potential for humans. NP was detected in pumpkin, sweet potato, citrus, and apple samples. The concentration of 4-n-NP ranged from 5.3 ± 2.4 to 18.9 ± 8.0 μg kg(-1), whereas that of 4-NP ranged from 5.1 ± 2.6 to 12.2 ± 3.6 μg kg(-1). Concentrations of 17-β-estradiol in vegetables and fruits ranged from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 2.2 ± 1.0 μg kg(-1) except those in tomato and strawberry, in which no 17-β-estradiol was detected. The estimated daily intake of 17-β-estradiol was beyond the recommended acceptable daily intake (ADI) for children as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945-3138, United States
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19
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Lu J, Wu J, Stoffella PJ, Chris Wilson P. Isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the analysis of alkylphenols, bisphenol A, and estrogens in food crops. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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The development of an optimized sample preparation for trace level detection of 17α-ethinylestradiol and estrone in whole fish tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3649-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wang S, Li Y, Ding M, Wu X, Xu J, Wang R, Wen T, Huang W, Zhou P, Ma K, Zhou X, Du S. Self-assembly molecularly imprinted polymers of 17β-estradiol on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles for selective separation and detection of estrogenic hormones in feeds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Bevacqua CE, Rice CP, Torrents A, Ramirez M. Steroid hormones in biosolids and poultry litter: a comparison of potential environmental inputs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:2120-6. [PMID: 21397929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones can act as potent endocrine disruptors when released into the environment. The main sources of these chemicals are thought to be wastewater treatment plant discharges and waste from animal feeding operations. While these compounds have frequently been found in wastewater effluents, few studies have investigated biosolids or manure, which are routinely land applied, as potential sources. This study assessed the potential environmental contribution of steroid hormones from biosolids and chicken litter. Hormone concentrations in samples of limed biosolids collected at a waste treatment plant over a four year period ranged from <2.5 to 21.7ng/g dry weight for estrone (E1) and <2.5 to 470ng/g dry weight for progesterone. Chicken litter from 12 mid-Atlantic farms had averages of 41.4ng/g dry weight E1, 63.4ng/g dry weight progesterone, and 19.2ng/g dry weight E1-sulfate (E1-S). Other analytes studied were 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), testosterone, E2-3-sulfate (E2-3-S), and E2-17-sulfate (E2-17-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Bevacqua
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College Park, MD 20742-3021, USA
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23
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Zhang Z, Rhind SM, Kerr C, Osprey M, Kyle CE. Selective pressurized liquid extraction of estrogenic compounds in soil and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 685:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Pan X, Qiang Z, Ben W, Chen M. Simultaneous determination of three classes of antibiotics in the suspended solids of swine wastewater by ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1729-1737. [PMID: 22432270 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a systematic approach to the development of a method for simultaneous determination of three classes of veterinary antibiotics in the suspended solids (SS) of swine wastewater, including five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide (tiamulin). The entire procedures for sample pretreatment, ultrasonic extraction (USE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) quantification were examined and optimized. The recovery efficiencies were found to be 76%-104% for sulfonamides, 81%-112% for tetracyclines, and 51%-64% for tiamulin at three spiking levels. The intra-day and inter-day precisions, as expressed by the relative standard deviation (RSD), were below 17%. The method detection limits (MDLs) were between 0.14 and 7.14 microg/kg, depending on a specific antibiotic studied. The developed method was applied to field samples collected from three concentrated swine feeding plants located in Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong province of China. All the investigated antibiotics were detected in both SS and liquid phase of swine wastewater, with partition coefficients (logK(d)) ranging from 0.49 to 2.30. This study demonstrates that the SS can not be ignored when determining the concentrations of antibiotics in swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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25
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Analytical method for the determination of trace levels of steroid hormones and corticosteroids in soil, based on PLE/SPE/LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2295-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Runnqvist H, Bak SA, Hansen M, Styrishave B, Halling-Sørensen B, Björklund E. Determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices using pressurised liquid extraction--are we developing sound extraction methods? J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2447-70. [PMID: 20303086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) is now a well established and extensively applied extraction technique in environmental analysis for pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). During the past decade, an emerging group of environmentally interesting analytes are pharmaceuticals that are continuingly released into the environment. This class is comprised with compounds of various properties. As the field of the analysis of these compounds grows, an increasing number of PLE methods for pharmaceuticals of varying quality are developed and published. This review summarises the critical PLE parameters during PLE method development and highlight them with examples from recently published papers utilising pressurised liquid extraction for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices. These recent methods are summarised and critically discussed with the aim to provide important reflections to alleviate in future PLE development for pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Runnqvist
- Section of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Zhou H, Huang X, Wang X, Zhi X, Yang C, Wen X, Wang Q, Tsuno H, Tanaka H. Behaviour of selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:107-121. [PMID: 19184484 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and fate of eight kinds of selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) of Beijing, China was investigated. These EDCs, composed of 4-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17alpha-estradiol (17alpha-E2), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), in every step of STPs, were simultaneously analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after derivatisation. All the EDCs were detected in the influents of three STPs, and BPA was the most abundant compound. The concentrations of EDCs ranged from 36.6 ng/l of 17alpha-E2 (STP C) to 1342.3 ng/l of BPA (STP B) in the influent sewages and from below limits of detection of E2 and E3 (STP C) to 142.5 ng/l of E1 (STP B) in the effluent sewages. The STPs could not remove alkylphenols effectively from the aqueous phase with less than 40% reduction. BPA decreased over 90%, and steroid estrogens achieved considerable reductions from 64.8% of E2 to 94.9% of E3. Generally, biological treatment was more effective in removing alkylphenols, BPA and natural estrogens from the aqueous phase than primary treatment. However, the synthetic estrogen, EE2, was mostly removed by the primary treatment with about 63.5% reduction. It is the first time that the concentration of 17alpha-E2 in the sewage of China was reported in this paper. The compound might have a bearing with the waste effluents of dairy farms around urban area of Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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28
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Martin OV, Voulvoulis N. Sustainable risk management of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewaters. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:3895-3922. [PMID: 19736227 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewaters, particularly endocrine-disrupting compounds such as oestrogenic substances, has been the focus of much public concern and scientific attention in recent years. Due to the scientific uncertainty still surrounding their effects, the Precautionary Principle could be invoked for the interim management of potential risks. Therefore, precautionary prevention risk-management measures could be employed to reduce human exposure to the compounds of concern. Steroid oestrogens are generally recognized as the most significant oestrogenically active substances in domestic sewage effluent. As a result, the UK Environment Agency has championed a 'Demonstration Programme' to investigate the potential for removal of steroid oestrogens and alkylphenol ethoxylates during sewage treatment. Ecological and human health risks are interdependent, and ecological injuries may result in increased human exposures to contaminants or other stressors. In this context of limiting exposure to potential contaminants, examining the relative contribution of various compounds and pathways should be taken into account when identifying effective risk-management measures. In addition, the explicit use of ecological objectives within the scope of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive poses new challenges and necessitates the development of ecosystem-based decision tools. This paper addresses some of these issues and proposes a species sensitivity distribution approach to support the decision-making process related to the need and implications of sewage treatment work upgrade as risk-management measures to the presence of oestrogenic compounds in sewage effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Martin
- Centre for Environmental Policy, , Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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29
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Chemical and biological analysis of estrogenic, progestagenic and androgenic steroids in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Chen HC, Kuo HW, Ding WH. Determination of estrogenic compounds in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization following desalting extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:508-514. [PMID: 18996561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two complementary LC-MS ionization methods, electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), have been optimized to determine three natural estrogenic compounds (estrone, 17beta-estradiol and estriol) and two synthetic estrogenic compounds (17alpha-ethynylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol) in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The wastewater samples were first subjected to solid-phase extraction coupled with desalting extraction to remove matrix interference. The analytes were then detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with ESI and dopant-assisted (DA) APPI to evaluate the ion suppression effect and to complement the detection and quantification of estrogenic compounds in complex wastewater samples. The average ion suppression factors for the extracts of the WWTP influent analyzed using ESI and APPI were 52+/-5% and 27+/-7%, respectively. The sensitivity and ionization efficiency of the LC-ESI-MS-MS system decreased dramatically when a complex matrix was present in the WWTP influent sample. Estrogenic compounds could be detected in the WWTP influent and effluent samples at concentrations below the parts-per-billion level. The lower detection limits obtained when using ESI and the higher matrix tolerance of the APPI method allowed the complete quantification of estrogenic compounds in very complex samples in a complementary manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
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31
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Yan W, Zhao L, Feng Q, Lin JM. Determination of estrogens and their metabolites in water using C30SPE-LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3581-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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