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Duarte-Restrepo E, Jaramillo-Colorado BE, Duarte-Jaramillo L. Effects of chlorpyrifos on the crustacean Litopenaeus vannamei. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231310. [PMID: 32282847 PMCID: PMC7153863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimps can be used as indicators of the quality of aquatic systems exposed to a variety of pollutants. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most common pesticides found in environmental samples. In order to evaluate the effects of chlorpyrifos, adult organisms of Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of the pesticide (0.7 and 1.3 μg/L) for four days. The LC50 (96-hours) value was determined and Lipid oxidation levels (LPO) and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathion peroxidase (GPx), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) were assessed on the muscle, hepatopancreas and gills from the exposed organisms. In addition, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined in the brain. LC50 (96-hours) was 2.10 μg/L of chlorpyrifos. Catalase activity and LPO were elevated in the three tissues, whereas a decrease of AChE activities in the brain and an increase of GST activity in the hepatopancreas were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edisson Duarte-Restrepo
- Agrochemical Research Group, Chemical Program, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Doctoral Program in Environmental Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia
| | - Beatriz E. Jaramillo-Colorado
- Agrochemical Research Group, Chemical Program, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Duarte-Jaramillo
- Agrochemical Research Group, Chemical Program, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Dornfeld CB, Rodgher S, Negri RG, Espíndola ELG, Daam MA. Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera, Chironomidae) as a Sensitive Tropical Test Species in Laboratory Bioassays Evaluating Metals (Copper and Cadmium) and Field Testing. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:42-50. [PMID: 30349930 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite that chironomids are the most widely used benthic insect test species worldwide, little research has been conducted so far with tropical chironomid representatives. This study was designed to evaluate the indigenous midge Chironomus sancticaroli as a candidate test species for use in tropical toxicity assessments. To this end, laboratory water-only toxicity tests were conducted evaluating copper and cadmium. Obtained lethal concentration values were overall comparable or lower than those reported for other chironomids, including those most commonly used in temperate regions (C. riparius and C. dilutus). In addition, C. sancticaroli was deployed in situ in the Monjolinho River (São Paulo State, Brazil), and toxicity of sediment from this river was evaluated in the laboratory. Several field water and sediment quality parameters also were measured to enable correlating these with the effects observed in these toxicity tests. Field sediment toxicity to C. sancticaroli appeared to be related with sediment endosulfan concentrations, whereas effects noted in the in situ test were likely due to low pH values measured in river water. Chironomus sancticaroli appears to be a suitable candidate for inclusion as a test species in tropical toxicity evaluations in both the laboratory and the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Buso Dornfeld
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Brasil, No 56, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15.385-000, Brazil
| | - Suzelei Rodgher
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Presidente Dutra, km 137,8, São José dos Campos, SP, 12.247-004, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Galante Negri
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Presidente Dutra, km 137,8, São José dos Campos, SP, 12.247-004, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Binet MT, Adams MS, Gissi F, Golding LA, Schlekat CE, Garman ER, Merrington G, Stauber JL. Toxicity of nickel to tropical freshwater and sediment biota: A critical literature review and gap analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:293-317. [PMID: 28975699 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
More than two-thirds of the world's nickel (Ni) lateritic deposits are in tropical regions, and just less than half are within South East Asia and Melanesia (SEAM). With increasing Ni mining and processing in SEAM, environmental risk assessment tools are required to ensure sustainable development. Currently, there are no tropical-specific water or sediment quality guideline values for Ni, and the appropriateness of applying guideline values derived for temperate systems (e.g., Europe) to tropical ecosystems is unknown. Databases of Ni toxicity and toxicity tests for tropical freshwater and sediment species were compiled. Nickel toxicity data were ranked, using a quality assessment, identifying data to potentially use to derive tropical-specific Ni guideline values. There were no data for Ni toxicity in tropical freshwater sediments. For tropical freshwaters, of 163 Ni toxicity values for 40 different species, high-quality chronic data, based on measured Ni concentrations, were found for just 4 species (1 microalga, 2 macrophytes, and 1 cnidarian), all of which were relevant to SEAM. These data were insufficient to calculate tropical-specific guideline values for long-term aquatic ecosystem protection in tropical regions. For derivation of high-reliability tropical- or SEAM-specific water and sediment quality guideline values, additional research effort is required. Using gap analysis, we recommend how research gaps could be filled. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:293-317. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique T Binet
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francesca Gissi
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa A Golding
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian E Schlekat
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily R Garman
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Lavarías S, García CF. Acute toxicity of organophosphate fenitrothion on biomarkers in prawn Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:65. [PMID: 25647787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the organophosphate fenitrothion (FS) on the non-target freshwater prawn Palaemonetes argentinus was studied. Initially, the 96-h lethal concentration (LC50) of FS was determined in adult prawns. Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) in the muscle and hemolymph was assessed. Then, in the hepatopancreas, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was also determined in the hepatopancreas. The 96-h LC50 value was 1.12 μg/L. Hemolymph ChE activity showed a significant decrease in exposed prawns to FS compared to the control group, while no significant differences in the muscle were observed between groups (p < 0.05). FS caused a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GST compared to the control group (p < 0.02). By contrast, LPO levels were not affected by the pesticide (p < 0.05). These results indicate that P. argentinus is very sensitive to organophosphorus which alter biochemical parameters that are related to antioxidant status. Thus, these parameters could be used as biomarkers for assessing water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, 1900, Argentina,
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Ieromina O, Peijnenburg WJGM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG. Population responses of Daphnia magna, Chydorus sphaericus and Asellus aquaticus in pesticide contaminated ditches around bulb fields. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:196-203. [PMID: 24967699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ambient concentrations of pesticides combined with abiotic factors on the key aquatic species Daphnia magna, Chydorus sphaericus and Asellus aquaticus by means of 21 days field exposure experiments. In situ bioassays were deployed in ditches around flower bulb fields during spring and autumn 2011-2012. The results showed that phosphate was the most variable parameter followed by pesticides expressed as toxic units, as the main factors explaining differences between sites. Variation in reproduction and growth of cladoceran D. magna was largely explained by nutrients, whereas dissolved oxygen contributed mostly to variations in reproduction of C. sphaericus. Dissolved organic carbon contributed to variations in growth of the detrivore A. aquaticus. It is concluded that abiotic stressors rather than pesticides contributed significantly to the performance of aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ieromina
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - G R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University (Conservation Biology), P.O.Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lavarías S, García C, Crespo R, Pedrini N, Heras H. Study of biochemical biomarkers in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium borellii (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) exposed to organophosphate fenitrothion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 96:10-16. [PMID: 23876938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several agrochemicals like organophosphates are extensively used to control pests in agricultural practices but they also adversely affect non-target fauna. The effect of organophosphorous fenitrothion on the prawn Macrobrachium borellii was evaluated. The 96-h LC50 was determined. Activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lipid oxidation levels, were evaluated in the hepatopancreas from adults exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations for 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. In addition, superoxide dismutase mRNA expression, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and haemocyte DNA damage were determined. The 96-h LC50 was 4.24μg/l of fenitrothion. Prawn exposed to sublethal FS concentrations showed an increase of both catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, mainly after 2 and 4 days exposure and an increase of glutathione-S-transferase activity from day 2 to day 7 while lipid oxidation levels increased mainly on day 1. Superoxide dismutase transcripts were significantly higher in fenitrothion -treated prawns, indicating an induction mechanism. Hemolymph analysis showed that while acetylcholinesterase activity decreased after 2 days, haemocytes displayed most DNA damage after 7-day exposure to fenitrothion. These results indicate that prawn enzymes are highly sensitive to fenitrothion exposure, and these biological responses in M. borellii could be valuable biomarkers to monitor organophosphorous contamination in estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina.
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Printes LB, Fernandes MN, Espíndola ELG. Laboratory measurements of biomarkers and individual performances in Chironomus xanthus to evaluate pesticide contamination of sediments in a river of southeastern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:424-430. [PMID: 21112088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating biomarkers, individual and population responses in the native Chironomus xanthus to assess the toxicity of pesticide-contaminated sediments from the Monjolinho River (Southeast Brazil). We measured cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione S-transferase activities (GST), as biomarkers and survival, individual growth and adult emergence, as individual performances. There was no response of the ChE activity and a tendency to decreased GST activity in contaminated sites, but this was generally not statistically significant. Therefore, there was no association of the biomarker responses with exposure to sediment containing pesticides. In contrast, ash free dry mass was significantly increased and male emergence was decreased in C. xanthus exposed to the same sediments. In conclusion, the selected biomarkers were not sensitive and specific enough to detect and anticipate effects of pesticide contamination at the levels measured in the study area. Nevertheless, individual performances alterations pointed to potential pollution problems and possible ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Biehl Printes
- Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, Cx. Postal 676, CEP: 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lopes I, Moreira-Santos M, Rendón-von Osten J, Baird DJ, Soares AMVM, Ribeiro R. Suitability of five cladoceran species from Mexico for in situ experimentation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:111-116. [PMID: 20832116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although they are highly suited for site-specific risk assessment, little attention has been given to in situ ecotoxicological experimentation in tropical regions. This study intended to assess the suitability of five freshwater cladocerans from Mexico for in situ experiments. Juveniles of Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Macrothrix triserialis group, Simocephalus vetulus, Diaphanosoma birgei, and Pseudosida cf. ramosa, from two populations, were used to perform seven day laboratory and in situ experiments. Pseudosida cf. ramosa was very sensitive to handling and was discarded from further evaluations. Ceriodaphnia cornuta reproduced significantly more neonates, with smaller coefficients of variation, than M. triserialis and S. vetulus. Also due to its worldwide distribution in the tropics, C. cornuta is suggested to be highly suitable for in situ experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lopes
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810 193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Domingues I, Agra AR, Monaghan K, Soares AMVM, Nogueira AJA. Cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:5-18. [PMID: 20821414 DOI: 10.1002/etc.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the use of biomarkers in pesticide risk assessment have greatly increased in recent years; however, issues concerning the ecological meaning of enzymatic responses have proved controversial. Ideally a good biomarker response should be modulated by the environmental contaminants alone and demonstrate a predictable behavior towards certain types of toxins. As these premises are rarely observed, the present study aims to outline research that has contributed to an understanding of the behavior of two widely used biomarkers, cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, describing environmental and biotic factors that affect their response in freshwater invertebrates. Studies were performed in the main classes of aquatic invertebrates with these biomarkers and conclusions were reached concerning their behavior towards the main classes of pesticides. Links between biomarker responses and conventional endpoints were evaluated so that ecological relevance could be attributed to enzymatic responses. Toxicity of mixtures was investigated, and cases of synergism and antagonism were pointed out as factors changing the expected toxicity of aquatic systems and leading to misinterpretations of biomarker responses. Finally, the use of biomarkers as a tool for biomonitoring and in situ assays was investigated, with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Domingues
- CESAM-Center for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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