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Assad J, Cho S, Dileo V, Gascoigne G, Hubberstey AV, Patterson D, Williams R. Contaminated sediment in the Detroit River provokes acclimated responses in wild brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) populations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106772. [PMID: 38039693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, adaptive responses to a single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were identified in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) captured from contaminated sites across the Great Lakes. The tumor suppressor p53 and phase I toxin metabolizing CYP1A genes showed a elevated and refractory response, respectively, up to the F1 generation (Williams and Hubberstey, 2014). As an extension to the first study, bullhead were exposed to sediment collected from sites along the Detroit River to see if these adaptive responses are attainable when fish from a contaminated site are exposed to a mixture of contaminants, instead of a single compound. p53 and CYP1A proteins were measured again with the addition of phase II glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in the present study. Three treatment groups were measured: acute (treated immediately), cleared (depurated for three months and subsequent treatment), and farm raised F1 offspring. All three treatment groups were exposed to clean and contaminated sediment for 24 and 96 h. Acute fish from contaminated sites exposed to contaminated sediment revealed an initial elevated p53 response that did not persist in fish after long-term contaminated sediment exposure. Acute fish from contaminated sites exposed to contaminated sediment revealed refractory CYP1A expression, which disappeared in cleared fish and whose F1 response overlapped with clean site F1 offspring. Decreasing GST activity was evident in both clean and contaminated fish over time, and only clean site fish responded to long-term contaminated sediment deliberately with increasing GST activity. Because p53 and CYP1A gene expression and GST activity responses did not overlap between contaminated fish treatment groups, our study suggests that contaminated fish have acclimated to the contaminants present in their environments and no evidence of adaptation could be detected within these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Assad
- The College of Wooster 1189 Beall Ave., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - S Cho
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B3P4, Canada
| | - V Dileo
- The College of Wooster 1189 Beall Ave., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - G Gascoigne
- The College of Wooster 1189 Beall Ave., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - A V Hubberstey
- Department of Biolomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B3P4, Canada
| | - D Patterson
- The College of Wooster 1189 Beall Ave., Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - R Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B3P4, Canada.
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Marassi R, Pinheiro M, Caetano M, Raimundo J, Oliveira R, Martins I, Coimbra J, Castro LFC, Neuparth T, Santos MM. Deep-sea mining: using hyperbaric conditions to study the impact of sediment plumes in the subtidal clam Spisula solida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105675-105684. [PMID: 37715912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
With the growing interest to exploit mineral resources in the deep-sea, there is the need to establish guidelines and frameworks to support hazard and risk assessment schemes. The present study used a subtidal species of filter-feeding bivalve, the clam Spisula solida, as a proxy to better understand the impacts of sediment plumes in marine organisms under hyperbaric conditions. Four concentrations of suspended sediments (0 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L, and 4 g/L) were used in a mixture with different grain sizes at 4 Bar for 96 h. Functional (filtration rate-FR) and biochemical endpoints (catalase-CAT, glutathione s-transferase-GST, and lipid peroxidation-LPO) were analyzed in the gonads, digestive gland, and gills of S. solida after a 96-h exposure at 4 Bar (the natural limit of the species vertical distribution). The FR showed a decreasing trend with the increasing sediment concentrations (significant effects at 2 and 4 g/L). Additionally, significant changes were observed for some of the tested oxidative stress biomarkers, which were concentration and tissue-dependent, i.e., CAT activity was significantly elevated in gills (1 g/L treatment), and GST was decreased in digestive gland (1 g/L treatment). Overall, the results show that suspended sediments, at 2 and 4 g/L, have negative functional impacts in the bivalve S. solida providing additional insights to improve hazard assessment of deep-sea mining. These findings represent a step forward to ensure the mitigation of the potential negative effects of deep-sea resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithielli Marassi
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marlene Pinheiro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Irene Martins
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - João Coimbra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luis Filipe Costa Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Abidli S, Pinheiro M, Lahbib Y, Neuparth T, Santos MM, Trigui El Menif N. Effects of environmentally relevant levels of polyethylene microplastic on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia): filtration rate and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26643-26652. [PMID: 33495949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) (40-48 μm) on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in controlled laboratory conditions. The exposure was carried out for 14 days with three environmentally relevant PE-MPs concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 and a high concentration of 1000 μg/L. Effects of PE-MPs were assessed by evaluating the filtration rate (FR) after 7 and 14 days of exposure and by analyzing biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress (catalase - CAT, glutathione S-transferase - GST, and the levels of lipid peroxidation - LPO) in the M. galloprovincialis digestive gland after 14 days of exposure. Results showed that M. galloprovincialis does not accumulate PE-MPs of 40-48 μm size in its whole tissues. The filtration rate was significantly reduced with the increase of PE-MPs concentrations. The biochemical biomarkers indicated that PE-MPs induced oxidative damage (LPO) at low concentrations (1 and 10 μg/L) with a significant reduction in females of 1000 μg/L treated group and inactivate antioxidative system (CAT and GST) in the digestive gland of both sexes at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L). This study demonstrates that PE-MPs have biological effects on M. galloprovincialis at environmentally relevant concentrations thus brings new insights on the potential impacts of PE-MPs in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abidli
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Marlene Pinheiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Youssef Lahbib
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-monitoring, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Pinheiro M, Oliveira A, Barros S, Alves N, Raimundo J, Caetano M, Coimbra J, Neuparth T, Santos MM. Functional, biochemical and molecular impact of sediment plumes from deep-sea mining on Mytilus galloprovincialis under hyperbaric conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110753. [PMID: 33485911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea is the biggest ecosystem in the world and despite the extreme conditions that characterize it, is highly biodiverse and complex. Deep-sea mining has been foreseen as a potential and concerning new stressor, and among the deep-sea mining associated stressors, sediment plumes, likely to be released into the water column as a side effect of mining, can reach habitats within a radius of more than a hundred kilometers. The present study examined the effects of suspended sediments of different grain sizes (63-125 μm, 125-250 μm and 250-500 μm) in the model species Mytilus galloprovincialis, at 4 bar, as a proxy to address the potential effects of sediment plumes, in the water column, with different grain sizes under high pressure conditions. Functional (filtration rate - FR), biochemical (catalase - CAT, glutathione s-transferase - GST, lipid peroxidation - LPO) and molecular (gene expression of [actin (ACTN), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), cytochrome c oxidase (COI) and DNA mismatch repair protein (MSH6)]) endpoints were studied in juvenile organisms. The FR decreased significantly for all tested grain size ranges, with a more severe effect for the particles with a diameter between 63 and 125 μm. In addition to the FR, significant changes were also observed for all tested biomarkers. Gene expression was significantly downregulated for CAT and ACTN. Overall, this study demonstrated that the smaller sized particles are the ones leading to more severe effects. Given their high dispersion potential and longer suspension periods under mining operation scenarios, particular attention should be given to the release of sediment plumes that may affect deep-sea environments and the water column. It is, therefore, vital to create standards and guidelines for sustainable mining practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Pinheiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Oliveira
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Barros
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Quinta de Prados - Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais C1.10, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nélson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - João Coimbra
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Varea R, Piovano S, Ferreira M. Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories - A systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111264. [PMID: 32510405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino Varea
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marta Ferreira
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Haedrich J, Stumpf C, Denison MS. Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2020; 32:118. [PMID: 33614386 PMCID: PMC7891496 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by +25% for bovine liver, +14% for chicken eggs, +13% for poultry meat, +12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract “total” lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 minutes. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 hour Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 hours or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission’s objective of harmonising analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Haedrich
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food, CVUA Freiburg, Bissierstraße 5, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author Address: Ringstr. 5, 79252 Stegen, Germany,
| | - Claudia Stumpf
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food, CVUA Freiburg, Bissierstraße 5, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis (UCD), One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, US
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Neuparth T, Lopes AI, Alves N, Oliveira JMA, Santos MM. Does the antidepressant sertraline show chronic effects on aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations? A case study with the keystone amphipod, Gammarus locusta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109486. [PMID: 31377518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of Sertraline (SER) as antidepressant and its consequent presence in the aquatic environment is raising concern about the chronic effects of this pharmaceutical to aquatic organisms. As the current concentrations of SER in surface waters are typically in the low ng/L range, acute toxicity is unlikely to occur. However, prolonged exposure to low concentrations of SER may lead to sub-lethal effects in aquatic organisms, including alterations in important physiological functions like growth, reproduction, behaviour, and also in key biochemical processes, such as those associated with neurotransmission and redox balance. To test this hypothesis, we selected the amphipod Gammarus locusta, a keystone species used in ecotoxicological hazard assessment. In the present study, juveniles' G. locusta from a permanent laboratory culture were chronically exposed to low concentrations of SER (8-1000 ng/L) in a bioassay that lasted for 48 days, allowing for a life-cycle study including effects on reproduction. At the lowest SER concentrations with environmental relevance (8, 40 and 200 ng/L) we detected no significant changes in key ecological endpoints such as survival, growth, reproduction and movement behaviour, or in any of the biochemical markers analysed. However, at 1000 ng/L SER (a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments) females showed a significant increase in movement versus control, whereas no activity changes were observed in males. Overall, these findings indicate that G. locusta females are potentially more susceptible to the chronic effects of SER. Moreover, the current environmental SER concentrations are unlikely to affect amphipod's ecological endpoints because only SER concentrations higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments produced effects on the behaviour of G. locusta females. However, the increasing consumption of SER, highlights the importance of monitoring its chronic risk to the aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nelson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Pinheiro M, Caetano M, Neuparth T, Barros S, Soares J, Raimundo J, Vale C, Coimbra J, Castro LFC, Santos MM. Ecotoxicology of deep-sea environments: Functional and biochemical effects of suspended sediments in the model species Mytilus galloprovincialis under hyperbaric conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:218-225. [PMID: 30903895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea is the biggest ecosystem in the world and is characterized by extreme conditions such as high pressure, low temperatures and absence or limited light. Despite the scarce studies due to inaccessibility, these ecosystems are considered highly biodiverse. The deep-sea is subjected to anthropogenic stressors with deep-sea mining being a likely new form of disruption. Understanding how it affects the surrounding environments is paramount to develop guidelines to protect sensitive habitats and allow for responsible exploitation of resources. One of the potential stressors associated with deep-sea mining are the sediment laden plumes that can be generated during the mining process. The present study examined, for the first time, the effects of suspended sediments (0, 1, 2 and 4 g/L) in the model mussel species, Mytilus galloprovincialis, under hyperbaric conditions (1, 4 and 50 Bar). Functional endpoints, i.e. feeding assays, together with biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were studied in juvenile mussels. The filtration rate (FR) of M. galloprovincialis decreased with the increment in the sediment concentrations, for all tested pressure conditions (1, 4 and 50 Bar). Significant alterations were also observed for all tested biomarkers, being sediment and pressure-dependent. Interestingly, pressure had an effect in GST activity, that increased in the 4 and 50 Bar experiments in comparison with the results at 1 Bar. Remarkably, filtration rates were significantly affected by pressure. These findings will support the filling of the knowledge gaps related with the hazard assessment of deep-sea mining associated stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Pinheiro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Susana Barros
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vale
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - João Coimbra
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Di Bella G, Russo E, Potortì AG, Lo Turco V, Saija E, Ben Mansour H, Calabrese G, Dugo G. Persistent organic pollutants in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus, 1758) from Sicily (Italy). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:282-291. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1372642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Russo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Saija
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- APAE Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Giorgio Calabrese
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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10
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Barros S, Montes R, Quintana JB, Rodil R, Oliveira JMA, Santos MM, Neuparth T. Chronic effects of triclocarban in the amphipod Gammarus locusta: Behavioural and biochemical impairment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:276-283. [PMID: 27750095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC), a common antimicrobial agent widely used in many household and personal care products, has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Due to its high lipophilicity and persistence in the aquatic ecosystems, TCC is of emerging environmental concern. Despite the frequently reported detection of TCC in the environment and significant uncertainties about its long term effects on aquatic ecosystems, few studies have addressed the chronic effects of TCC in aquatic organisms at ecologically relevant concentrations. Therefore, we aimed at testing a broad range of biological responses in the amphipod Gammarus locusta following a chronic (60 days) exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCC (100, 500 and 2500ng/L). This work integrated biochemical markers of oxidative stress (catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) and neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) with several key ecological endpoints, i.e. behaviour, survival, individual growth and reproduction. Significant alterations were observed in all biochemical markers. While AChE showed a dose-response curve (with a significant increased activity at a TCC concentration of 2500ng/L), oxidative stress markers did not follow a dose-response curve, with significant increase at 100 and/or 500ng/L and a decreased activity in the highest concentration (2500ng/L). The same effect was observed in the females' behavioural response, whereas males' behaviour was not affected by TCC exposure. The present study represents a first approach to characterize the hazard of TCC to crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barros
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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11
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Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Camacho M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, Valerón PF, Zaccaroni A, Zumbado M, Almeida-González M, Rial-Berriel C, Luzardo OP. Comparative study of the intake of toxic persistent and semi persistent pollutants through the consumption of fish and seafood from two modes of production (wild-caught and farmed). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:919-931. [PMID: 27670595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of chemical contaminants associated with seafood counteract the undoubted benefits for the health of its valuable nutrients. So much so that many dietary guidelines recommend no more than one serving a week of fish and seafood. Although is estimated that aquaculture provides more than 50% of the fish and seafood consumed globally, few research studies have focused in the assessment of the intake of pollutants through aquaculture products. In this study we determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Al, As, and Hg) in a large sample of farmed and wild-caught seafood, and we estimated the intake of these contaminants in two hypothetical models of consumers: those consuming only farmed fish, and those consuming only wild fish. Measured levels of most organic and many inorganic pollutants were higher in aquaculture products, and consequently intake levels if only such products were consumed would be also significantly higher. Thus, the intake of ∑PAHs in adults consuming aquaculture seafood would be 3.30ng/kg-bw/day, and consuming seafood from extractive fishing 2.41ng/kg-bw/day (p<0.05); ∑OCPs, 3.36 vs. 1.85ng/kg-bw/day, respectively (p<0.05); ∑PCBs, 2.35 vs. 2.11ng/kgbw/day, respectively; and the intake of Pb, Ni, As, and Al would be also significantly higher consuming farmed seafood. For children the estimations were very similar, but the difference of intake of PCBs reached statistical significance. The implementation of several decontamination practices in aquaculture would allow not only match the levels of pollution from wild-caught seafood, but also could provide products with much lower levels of pollutants than those, which in turn would allow to increase consumption over the "one serving per week", and so benefit the consumer of the enormous positive health effects of the valuable nutrients of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Annalisa Zaccaroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Research Group on Large Pelagic Vertebrates, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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12
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Neuparth T, Capela R, Pereira SPP, Moreira SM, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA. Toxicity effects of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) to marine organisms: acute and chronic toxicity of p-xylene to the amphipod Gammarus locusta. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1210-1221. [PMID: 25208661 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.921867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent focus on hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spills preparedness and responses, much remains to be done regarding the threat posed by HNS spills on marine biota. Among the identified priority HNS, p-xylene was selected to conduct ecotoxicological assays. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the amphipod Gammarus locusta under acute and chronic exposure to p-xylene simulating conditions of a spill incident. In the acute exposure (96 h) the p-xylene LC50 was estimated. In the chronic bioassay (36 d), an integration of organism-level endpoints (survival, growth rate, and sex ratio) with biochemical markers indicative of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was determined. The aim was to increase the xylene ecotoxicological database and better predict its impact in aquatic environments. p-Xylene induced several chronic toxicity effects in G. locusta. Significant alterations in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels as well as growth rate and biased sex-ratio were observed. p-Xylene significantly affected the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in G. locusta and produced oxidative damage by increasing levels of LPO in males. Further, impacts in key ecological endpoints, that is, growth and sex ratio, were noted that might be indicative of potential effects at the population level in a spill scenario. The present data may be useful to assist relevant bodies in preparedness and response to HNS spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- a CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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13
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Neuparth T, Capela R, Rey-Salgueiro L, Moreira SM, Santos MM, Reis-Henriques MA. Simulation of a Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) spill in the marine environment: lethal and sublethal effects of acrylonitrile to the European seabass. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:978-985. [PMID: 23800594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive maritime transportation of Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS), there is a current lack of knowledge on the effects posed by HNS spills on the marine biota. Among the HNS identified as priority, acrylonitrile was selected to conduct ecotoxicological assays. We assessed the acute and subletal effects of acrylonitrile in seabass, followed by a recovery phase to simulate the conditions of a spill incident. The work aimed at testing a broad range of biological responses induced by acrylonitrile. Sublethal exposure to the highest two doses increased the fish mortality rate (8.3% and 25% mortality in 0.75 and 2 mg L(-1) acrylonitrile concentrations), whereas no mortality were observed in control and 0.15 mg L(-1) treatments. Additionally, important alterations at sub-individual level were observed. Acrylonitrile significantly induced the activities of Catalase- CAT and Glutathione S-Transferase - GST; and the levels of DNA damage were significantly increased. Conversely, Superoxide Dismutase- SOD - activity was found to be significantly inhibited and no effects were found on Lipid Peroxidation- LPO and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase - EROD - activity. Following a 7d recovery period, the levels of CAT, GST and EROD fell to levels at or below those in the control. In the 2 mg L(-1) group, SOD remained at the levels found during exposure phase. This study has gathered essential information on the acute and subletal toxicity of acrylonitrile to seabass. It also demonstrated that 7d recovery allowed a return of most endpoints to background levels. These data will be useful to assist relevant bodies in preparedness and response to HNS spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neuparth
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Trocino A, Xiccato G, Majolini D, Tazzoli M, Tulli F, Tibaldi E, Messina CM, Santulli A. Levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and metals in European sea bass from fish farms in Italy. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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ABC transporters, CYP1A and GSTα gene transcription patterns in developing stages of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Gene 2012; 506:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Semedo M, Reis-Henriques MA, Rey-Salgueiro L, Oliveira M, Delerue-Matos C, Morais S, Ferreira M. Metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from Northwest Atlantic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 433:230-237. [PMID: 22796413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in the environment and accumulate in aquatic organisms and are known for their ability to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In aquatic species, oxidative stress mechanisms have been studied by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative damages in tissues. The aim of this study was to apply and validate a set of oxidative stress biomarkers and correlate responses with metal contents in tissues of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase--CAT, superoxide dismutase--SOD and glutathione S-transferases--GST), oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation--LPO and protein carbonyl content--PCO) and metal content (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As) in the digestive gland and arm of octopus, collected in the NW Portuguese coast in different periods, were assessed after capture and after 14 days in captivity. CAT and SOD activities were highly responsive to fluctuations in metal concentrations and able to reduce oxidative damage, LPO and PCO in the digestive gland. CAT activity was also positively correlated with SOD and GST activities, which emphasizes that the three enzymes respond in a coordinated way to metal induced oxidative stress. Our results validate the use of oxidative stress biomarkers to assess metal pollution effects in this ecological and commercial relevant species. Moreover, octopus seems to have the ability to control oxidative damage by triggering an antioxidant enzyme coordinated response in the digestive gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Semedo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050, 123 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Grigorakis K, Rigos G. Aquaculture effects on environmental and public welfare - the case of Mediterranean mariculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:899-919. [PMID: 21821276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic farming has been considered, during the last decades, as the fastest growing food production industry powered by governmental and technological impulsion. Compensation for fisheries decline, creation of new jobs and source of financial windfall are the most important benefits. However, similar to most of the human food-production activities, aquaculture raised several issues related to the environmental welfare and consumer safety. An effort to record the aquaculture-environment and -human safety interactions with regard to the Mediterranean mariculture, is attempted herein. We focused on this geographical area due to its individualities in both the hydrological and physicochemical characteristics and the forms of aquaculture activities. The cage farming of euryhaline marine fish species and more recently of bluefin tuna and mollusk farming are the dominating aquaculture activities. The impacts of these activities to the environment, through wastes offloads, introduction of alien species, genetic interactions, disease transfer, release of chemicals, use of wild recourses, alterations of coastal habitats and disturbance of wildlife, are analytically considered. Also the consumer safety issues related to the farming are assessed, including generation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, contaminants transferred to humans though food chain and other hazards from consumption of aquacultured items. Within these, the major literature findings are critically examined and suggestions for scientific areas that need further development are made. The major tasks for future aquaculture development in this region are: (i) to ensure sustainability and (ii) to balance the risks to public or environmental health with the substantial economical benefits. In regard with monitoring, tools must be created or adapted to predict the environmental costs and estimate consumer impact. At a canonistic and legal basis, the establishment of appropriate legal guidelines and common policies from all countries involved should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grigorakis
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition and Pathology, Institute of Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Aghios Kosmas 16777, Athens, Greece
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18
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Costa J, Ferreira M, Rey-Salgueiro L, Reis-Henriques MA. Comparision of the waterborne and dietary routes of exposure on the effects of Benzo(a)pyrene on biotransformation pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1452-1460. [PMID: 21561639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BaP is one of the most studied PAH, due to its ubiquitous presence in aquatic environments and toxicity to aquatic organisms. The main goal of this study was to assess BaP effects in Nile Tilapia after waterborne and dietary exposures, through the evaluation of EROD and GST activities in liver, gills and intestine, and BaP metabolites in bile; and also to evaluate the usefulness of these commonly used biomarkers after two different routes of exposure. Waterborne exposure to BaP led to a significant induction of EROD in all tissues analyzed (644%, 1640% and 2880% in relation to solvent in liver, gill and intestine respectively) while in dietary exposures EROD was induced only in intestine (3143%) after exposure to high BaP concentrations. GST activities with CDNB were slightly induced in liver (40%) and in gill (66%) after water exposure to BaP, and in intestine after dietary exposure to low BaP concentrations (182%). BaP metabolites in bile increased after both exposure routes, and were highly correlated with EROD activity after water exposure. In summary, this work has shown that the effects of BaP on biotransformation pathways depend on the route of exposure. Moreover, barrier tissues like gills and intestine also have an important role in the first-pass metabolism of BaP, reducing the amount of parent compound that reaches the liver to be metabolized. For that reason, EROD activity as a biomarker of exposure should also be applied in extrahepatic organs, like gills and intestine, in monitoring studies. Biliary BaP type metabolites are good reflectors of contamination levels under both exposure routes, while GST activity with CDNB as substrate, as a phase II enzyme, does not seem a reliable biomarker of exposure to BaP regardless the route of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
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Raimundo J, Costa PM, Vale C, Costa MH, Moura I. DNA damage and metal accumulation in four tissues of feral Octopus vulgaris from two coastal areas in Portugal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1543-1547. [PMID: 20719386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline comet assay has been employed for the first time to estimate the basal DNA damage in the digestive gland, gills, kidney and gonads of Octopus vulgaris. Octopuses were captured in two coastal areas adjacent to the cities of Matosinhos (N) and Olhão (S), Portugal. The area of Matosinhos is influenced by discharges of the Douro River, city of Porto, industries and intensive agriculture, while Olhão is an important fisheries port. Previous works point to contrasting metal availability in the two coastal areas. Among the analysed tissues digestive gland presented the highest levels of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Tissues of specimens from Matosinhos exhibited high levels of Cd and from Olhão enhanced Pb concentrations. The DNA damages in digestive gland, gills and kidney were more accentuated in specimens from Matosinhos than from Olhão, suggesting a stronger effect of contaminants. Elevated strand breakages were registered in digestive gland, recognised for its ability to store and detoxify accumulated metals. The DNA damages in kidney, gills and gonads were lower, reflecting reduced metal accumulation or efficient detoxification. The broad variability of damages in the three tissues may also mirror tissue function, specific defences to genotoxicants and cell-cycle turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Raimundo
- IPIMAR-National Institute of Biological Resources, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
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20
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Ferreira M, Caetano M, Antunes P, Costa J, Gil O, Bandarra N, Pousão-Ferreira P, Vale C, Reis-Henriques MA. Assessment of contaminants and biomarkers of exposure in wild and farmed seabass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:579-588. [PMID: 20167373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between levels of organochlorine compounds (PCBs and DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and biomarkers of exposure (EROD and GST) and oxidative stress biomarkers, in wild and cultured European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Additionally, the fatty acid profile was determined in muscle to assess differences between cultivated and wild specimens of marketable size. Although results pointed to relatively low concentration of contaminants, wild specimens presented enhanced accumulation of metals and cultivated specimens higher levels of organic compounds. Biomarkers were correlated with contaminants in tissues, showing that higher levels can cause effects at the biochemical level. Wild specimens have presented higher content on omega-3 fatty acids in muscle. Besides the useful application of biomarkers in wild species, this study has shown that they can also be applied to monitor biological effects in the fish farming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental-Laboratório Toxicologia Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Vizzini S, Tramati C, Mazzola A. Comparison of stable isotope composition and inorganic and organic contaminant levels in wild and farmed bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, in the Mediterranean Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:1236-1243. [PMID: 20061000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) and persistent pollutants, including heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn) and organochlorine compounds (PCBs, HCB and p,p'-DDE), were measured in muscle and liver tissues of wild and farmed bluefin tuna to investigate the changes occurring during the farming period and to assess the quality, in terms of contaminants, of the final product. At the end of farming, the food supplied was clearly integrated into the tuna tissues as derived from stable isotope signatures, and, contrarily to the literature findings obtained for other species, farmed tuna showed slight variations in persistent elements and chemical compounds in comparison with wild fish. The low tissue turnover of long-lived adult tuna together with the short farming period appeared to act to preserve the initial low contamination levels in the absence of new, elevated contamination sources (feed and environment), determining an acceptable quality of the final aquaculture product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatrice Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Ecologia, Università di Palermo, CoNISMa, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Trocino A, Majolini D, Xiccato G. PCBs contamination in farmed European sea bass from different Italian rearing systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:250-254. [PMID: 19349063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the level of twelve PCB congeners (IUPAC Nos. 18, 28, 31, 44, 52, 101, 118, 138, 149, 153, 180 and 194) were determined in 133 specimens of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), collected from four Italian aquaculture facilities: extensive valley, semi-intensive ponds, intensive concrete tanks and sea-cages. Fish muscle composition varied based on the rearing system (P<0.001): moisture was higher and fat concentration was lower in fish from the extensive system in comparison to fish from intensive tanks; intermediate values were found in fish from semi-intensive ponds and sea-cages. Concentrations of the 12 measured PCBs (PCB(tot)) and of the seven indicator congeners (PCB(7)) (Nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180), when expressed on fat weight, were lower in extensively-reared sea bass (112.0 and 74.6 ng g(-1) fat, respectively) with respect to sea bass from the other systems (average values: 179.7 and 123.2 ng g(-1) fat) (P<0.001). When the values were expressed on fresh muscle weight, PCB(tot) and PCB(7) were lower in extensively-reared sea bass (3.412 and 2.266 ng g(-1)fw), intermediate in fish from semi-intensive ponds (15.398 and 10.632) and sea cages (13.123 and 8.882), and higher in specimens from the intensive tanks (18.176 and 12.440) (P<0.001). PCB 153 was the most abundant in all of the rearing systems. Within farm, muscular fat content and slaughter weight were positively correlated (r=0.79). PCB(7) concentration expressed in ng g(-1) fat and in ng g(-1) fw was positively correlated with both fish slaughter weight (r=0.71 and 0.73) and muscular fat concentration (r=0.86 and 0.96).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Trocino
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Liu H, Ru J, Qu J, Dai R, Wang Z, Hu C. Removal of persistent organic pollutants from micro-polluted drinking water by triolein embedded absorbent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2995-3002. [PMID: 19246190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new biomimetic absorbent, cellulose acetate (CA) embedded with triolein (CA-triolein), was prepared and applied for the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from micro-polluted aqueous solution. The comparison of CA-triolein, CA and granular activated carbon (GAC) for dieldrin removal was investigated. Results showed that CA-triolein absorbent gave a lowest residual concentration after 24 h although GAC had high removal rate in the first 4 h adsorption. Then the removal efficiency of mixed POPs (e.g. aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide), absorption isotherm, absorbent regeneration and initial column experiments of CA-triolein were studied in detail. The linear absorption isotherm and the independent absorption in binary isotherm indicated that the selected POPs are mainly absorbed onto CA-triolein absorbent by a partition mechanism. The absorption constant, K, was closely related to the hydrophobic property of the compound. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the absorption was spontaneous, with a high affinity and the absorption was an endothermic reaction. Rinsing with hexane the CA-triolein absorbent can be regenerated after absorption of POPs. No significant decrease in the dieldrin removal efficiency was observed even when the absorption-regeneration process was repeated for five times. The results of initial column experiments showed that the CA-triolein absorbent did not reach the breakthrough point at a breakthrough empty-bed volume (BV) of 3200 when the influent concentration was 1-1.5 microg/L and the empty-bed contact time (EBCT) was 20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18, Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
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