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Bouchareb EM, Derbal K, Bedri R, Menas S, Bouchareb R, Dizge N. Enhanced fermentative hydrogen production from potato waste by enzymatic pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1801-1809. [PMID: 36449015 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2154171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have a potential role in the economic production of sugars and fuels from starch biomass. In this study, the Inoculum/Substrate (I/S) ratio effect and enzymatic pretreatments of potato peels for biohydrogen production in batch reactors were investigated. Two enzymes, α-Amylase and Cellulase, were tested separately and coexistent. Results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis using α-Amylase in mesophilic conditions enhanced carbohydrate concentration from 24.10 g/L to 53.47 g/L, whereas, the use of Cellulase and equi-volumetric mixture of both tested enzymes resulted in 47.16 and 48.16 g/L, respectively. The maximum biohydrogen cumulative production of 263 mL (equivalent to 430.37 mL H2/gVSadded) was obtained using the optimum I/S ratio of 1/6 gVS/gVS at pH 5.5 and incubation temperature of 55°C after 20 days of dark fermentation of potato waste without enzymatic treatment. Under the same operating conditions of the I/S ratio, pH, temperature and the best enzymatic treatment (3 h of substrate enzymatic hydrolysis by α-Amylase), the maximum yield of biohydrogen was 1088 mL (1780.39 mL H2/gVSadded). The enzymatic hydrolysis method adopted in this study can make overall biohydrogen production an effective process. The modified Gompertz model was found to be an adequate fit for biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kerroum Derbal
- Department of Process Engineering, National High School of Polytechnic, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Rayane Bedri
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Souha Menas
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Raouf Bouchareb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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2
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Hackula A, O’Shea R, Murphy JD, Wall DM. Design, Construction, and Concept Validation of a Laboratory-Scale Two-phase Reactor to Valorize Whiskey Distillery By-products. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:224-234. [PMID: 37601416 PMCID: PMC10436281 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The by-products generated from the whiskey distillation process consist of organic liquids with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and residues with a high solid content. Low-carbon strategies that repurpose and valorize such by-products are now imperative to reduce the carbon footprint of the food and beverage industries. The operation of a two-phase anaerobic digester to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biogas may enable distilleries to transition toward a low-carbon bioeconomy. An example of such a system is a leach bed reactor connected to an expanded granular sludge bed (LBR-EGSB) which was designed, commissioned, and conceptually validated in this paper. Several design improvements progress the LBR-EGSB beyond previous reactor designs. An external gas-liquid-solid separator in the EGSB was used to capture any residual gases produced by the effluent and may reduce the amount of methane slippage and biomass washout. The implementation of a siphon-actuated leachate cup is a low-cost alternative that is less prone to actuation malfunction as compared to electrically actuated solenoid valves in previous reactor designs. Furthermore, replacing fresh water with distillery's liquid by-products as leachate promotes a circular repurpose and reuse philosophy. The system proved to be effective in generating VFAs (10.3 g VFAs L-1Leachate), in EGSB COD removal (96%), and in producing methane-rich biogas (75%vol), which is higher than the values achieved by traditional anaerobic digestion systems. The LBR-EGSB could ultimately provide more by-product valorization and decarbonization opportunities than traditional anaerobic digestion systems for a whiskey distillery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anga Hackula
- SFI
MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research
Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- Civil,
Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and
Architecture, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Richard O’Shea
- SFI
MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research
Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- Civil,
Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and
Architecture, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jerry D. Murphy
- SFI
MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research
Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- Civil,
Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and
Architecture, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - David M. Wall
- SFI
MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research
Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- Civil,
Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and
Architecture, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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3
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Hackula A, Shinde R, Hickey D, O'Shea R, Murphy JD, Wall DM. Two-phase anaerobic digestion for enhanced valorisation of whiskey distillery by-products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129239. [PMID: 37247792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The valorisation of whiskey by-products was assessed and compared in three anaerobic digestion systems. The systems produced similar methane yields, which could satisfy up to 44% of the thermal energy demand at a distillery. Using methane generated from by-products would displace natural gas and reduce the distillery's carbon footprint. Two-phase systems had higher methane content (±75%vol) than the traditional system (54% vol) and furthermore, unlocked opportunities for volatile fatty acid production. The potential value that could be generated from the extraction of butyric acid and caproic acid was approximately €6.76 million for a 50 million litre alcohol facility (0.14 € per litre of whiskey). All three anaerobic digestion systems showed the potential to valorise whiskey by-products and convert current linear distillery production processes into circular repurpose and reuse production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anga Hackula
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Rajas Shinde
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Crops, Environment and Land Use Program, Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, R93XE12 Co. Carlow, Ireland, UK
| | - Daniel Hickey
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Richard O'Shea
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Jerry D Murphy
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - David M Wall
- SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK.
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Bio-Electrochemical Performance of a Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cell Treating Kitchen Waste Leachate: Effect of Organic Loading Rate and Anode Electrode Surface Area. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance evaluation of a ceramic microbial fuel cell (CMFC) by varying organic strength, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and anode electrode surface area (AESA) to treat leachate generated from acidogenesis of kitchen waste (KW) was studied by the central composite design of experiment. The increase in organic loading rate (OLR) positively affected power density (PD) while negatively influencing organic removal and coulombic efficiency (CE). This behavior is possible due to substrate inhibition and the coercive effect of low HRT, i.e., substrate washout, biofilm abrasion, and reduced contact period, while at high HRT, the volatile fatty acid (VFA) degradation improved. Since acetic acid is the final product of long-chain VFAs degradation, a pseudo consumption order for VFAs was obtained: butyric > propionic > acetic. The AESA aided organics removal and PD but had a negligible effect on CE. According to ANOVA, the COD removal was linearly modeled, while PD and CE were quadratic. The validation runs (VR) proved efficient as the highest COD removal was for VR2 (83.7 ± 3.6%), while maximum PD and CE values obtained were 0.224 ± 0.02 W/m3 and 2.62 ± 0.33%, respectively, for VR3, supported by the lower anode potential.
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Gurjar R, Behera M. Exploring necessity to pre-treat organic fraction of waste prior to use in an earthen MFC modified with bentonite. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:656-671. [PMID: 36038970 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the addition of bentonite at different proportions as clay minerals and various thicknesses (4, 5, and 6 mm) of ceramic membranes were evaluated for proton and oxygen mass transfer coefficients. Bentonite (20% and 4 mm) was found to be optimum and was then employed to assess earthen microbial fuel cell (EMFC) performance for different substrates (kitchen waste (KW) slurry and leachate) under batch mode. Both substrates were added in different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), i.e., 18, 15.2, 12.5, 9.7, and 6.9 g/L to EMFCs. The EMFC achieved superior organic removals for leachate (>96%). Intriguingly, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generation and consumption were different for each substrate. Each system expressed affinity towards acetic acid, but limited VFAs (acetic and propionic) were generated by KW while leachate generated acetic, propionic, and butyric. The leachate concentration having COD of 15.2 g/L produced the highest power density of 586.5 ± 38.8 mW/m3, while for KW, only 41.5 mW/m3 (6.9 g/L of COD for KW) was obtained. The study consolidates the need for an intermediate step to pre-treat the organic fraction of waste before its use for resource recovery. Bentonite was found as an effective clay mineral for manufacturing ceramic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Gurjar
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India E-mail:
| | - Manaswini Behera
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India E-mail:
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Shenbagamuthuraman V, Patel A, Khanna S, Banerjee E, Parekh S, Karthick C, Ashok B, Velvizhi G, Nanthagopal K, Ong HC. State of art of valorising of diverse potential feedstocks for the production of alcohols and ethers: Current changes and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131587. [PMID: 34303047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols could be the biggest factor for the improvement of world biofuel economy in the present century due to their excellent properties compared to petroleum products. The primary concerns of sustainable alcohol production for meeting the growing energy demand owing to the selection of viable feedstock and this might enhance the opportunities for developing numerous advanced techniques. In this review, the valorization of alcohol production from several production routes has been exposed by covering the traditional routes to the present state of the art technologies. Even though the fossil fuel conversion could be dominant method for methanol production, many recent innovations like photo electrochemical synthesis and electrolysis methods might play vital role in production of renewable methanol in future. There have been several production routes for production of ethanol and among which the fermentation of lignocellulose biomass would be the ultimate choice for large scale shoot up. The greenhouse gas recovery in the form of alcohols through electrochemistry technique and hydrogenation method are the important methods for commercialization of alcohols in future. It is also observed that algae based renewable bio-alcohols is highly influenced by carbohydrate content and sustainable approaches in algae conversion to bio-alcohols would bring greater demand in future market. There is a lack of innovation in higher alcohols production in single process and this could be bounded by combining dehydrogenation and decarboxylation techniques. Finally, this review enlists the opportunities and challenges of existing alcohols production and recommended the possible routes for making significant enhancement in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shenbagamuthuraman
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Adamya Patel
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Shaurya Khanna
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Eleena Banerjee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Shubh Parekh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - C Karthick
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - B Ashok
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
| | - G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Center, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - K Nanthagopal
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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7
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Two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste: Effect of semi-continuous feeding on acidogenesis and methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 346:126396. [PMID: 34822991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In present investigation, effect of diverting acidogenic off-gas from leached bed reactor (LBR) to up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during semi-continuous food waste (FW) anaerobic digestion was evaluated. In test LBR headspace pressure (3.3 psi) was maintained with intermittent headspace gas transfer into UASB. In control, same headspace pressure was maintained without gas transfer. The semi-continuous FW addition affected the characteristics and production of leachate in control and test LBR. The cumulative COD, total soluble products and methane yields were 1.26, 1.37 and 3 times higher in the test LBR than the control. The acetate and methane yields from test LBR were 697.8 g·kgVSadded-1 and 167.55 mL·gCOD-1feeding. Acidogenic gas transfer maintained low partial pressure of hydrogen and the hydrogen to carbon-di-oxide ratio in the headspace of LBR, which were thermodynamically favorable for microbial metabolism and concomitant high-rate production of acetate-rich volatile fatty acid and methane-rich biogas from FW.
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8
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Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion System of Municipal Solid Waste by Utilizing Microaeration and Granular Activated Carbon. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In an anaerobic digestion (AD) process, the hydrolysis phase is often limited when substrates with high concentrations of solids are used. We hypothesized that applying micro-aeration in the hydrolysis phase and the application of granular activated carbon (GAC) in the methanogenesis phase could make the AD process more efficient. A packed bed reactor (PBR) coupled with an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was conducted, and its effects on methane generation were evaluated. The micro-aeration rate applied in PBR was 254 L-air/kg-Total solids (TS)-d was compared with a control reactor. Micro-aeration showed that it reduced the hydrolysis time and increased the organic matter solubilization as chemical oxygen demand (COD) increasing 200%, with a volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increment higher than 300%, compared to the control reactor (without aeration). Our findings revealed that the implementations of microaeration and GAC in the two-phase AD system could enhance methane production by reducing hydrolysis time, increasing solid waste solubilization.
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9
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Luo L, Wong JWC. Enhanced food waste degradation in integrated two-phase anaerobic digestion: Effect of leachate recirculation ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121813. [PMID: 31376669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of leachate recirculation at a ratio of 0%, 25%, 50% or 75% of collected leachate from the Leach Bed Reactor (LBR) on food waste digestion efficiency and its subsequent methane production in the second phase of a two-phase anaerobic system. Higher hydrolysis-acidogenesis efficiency and lower energy loss were achieved in LBR with higher leachate recirculation ratio. Better biochemical balance between metabolic products and microorganisms in leachate was revealed under 50% leachate recirculation ratio, which leads to the highest hydrogen production yield in LBR resulting the highest methane production yield in the corresponding methanogenic phase which was at least 15% higher than that in other conditions. This provides an easy approach to enhance the hydrolysis efficiency and in the same time a biochemical balanced leachate to enhance methanogenic reaction of a two-phase anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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10
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Digan L, Horgue P, Debenest G, Dubos S, Pommier S, Paul E, Dumas C. An improved hydrodynamic model for percolation and drainage dynamics for household and agricultural waste beds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 98:69-80. [PMID: 31437712 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the hydrodynamic modelling of percolation and drainage cycles in the context of solid-state anaerobic digestion and fermentation (VFA platform) of household solid wastes (HSW) in leach bed reactors. Attention was given to the characterization of the water distribution and hydrodynamic properties of the beds. The experimental procedure enabled the measurement of water content in waste beds at different states of compaction during injection and drainage, and this for two types of HSW and for two other type of wastes. A numerical model, set up with experimental data from water content measurements, highlighted that a capillary-free dual-porosity model was not able to correctly reproduce all the hydrodynamic features and particularly the drainage dynamics. The model was improved by adding a reservoir water fraction to macroporosity which allowed to correctly simulate dynamics. This model, validated with data obtained from agricultural wastes, enabled to explain more precisely the water behaviour during percolation processes and these results should be useful for driving either solid-state anaerobic digestion or fermentation reactors. Indeed, this implies that the recirculation regime will impact the renewal of the immobile water fraction in macroporosity, inducing different concentration levels of fermentation products in the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Digan
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Horgue
- INPT, UPS, IMFT (Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, Allée Camille Soula, F-31400 Toulouse, France and CNRS, IMFT, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Gérald Debenest
- INPT, UPS, IMFT (Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse), Université de Toulouse, Allée Camille Soula, F-31400 Toulouse, France and CNRS, IMFT, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Dubos
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Etienne Paul
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Dumas
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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11
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Xiong Z, Hussain A, Lee HS. Food waste treatment with a leachate bed reactor: Effects of inoculum to substrate ratio and reactor design. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121350. [PMID: 31004951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different inoculum to substrate ratios (ISRs) (5, 10, 15%) on hydrolysis and acidogenesis of food waste in a conventional leachate bed reactor (LBR-C) and a novel fractionalized LBR (LBR-F). At ISR of 10%, LBR-C experienced clogging and thus the solid removal and VFA production reduced significantly. Without any clogging events at high ISR of 10%, LBR-F achieved significantly higher (p < 0.05) VS removal of 91%, hydrolysis yield of 837 g cumulative sCOD/kg volatile solids (VS), and VFA yield of 669 g COD/kg VS. Hydrogen yield was as high as 20 m3/ton food waste in LBR-F. Energy balance indicated that the LBR-F can be energy-positive for food waste treatment with net energy benefit of ∼8 kWh/ton food waste treated. Considering the high VFA yield, the LBR-F can also be a promising food waste fermentation system for the biorefinery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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12
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Arras W, Hussain A, Hausler R, Guiot SR. Mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic acidogenic fermentation of food waste in batch: Effect of inoculum source. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:279-287. [PMID: 31109527 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinctions in hydrolysis and acidogenesis were examined for a series of anaerobic batch reactors inoculated with three different anaerobic mixed cultures (mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic anaerobic sludge) and operated at the temperature of inoculum's origin and additionally at 70 °C. Hyperthermophilic temperatures led to increased hydrolysis rates during the start-up stage but a rapid drop in pH limited the overall hydrolysis efficiency, indicating the importance of pH control to sustain the high reaction rates at higher temperatures. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed among hydrolysis efficiencies obtained for different reactors which ranged between 27 ± 3% and 40 ± 14%. The highest fermentation yield of 0.44 g COD of fermentation products/g VSS-CODadded was obtained under thermophilic conditions, followed by mesophilic (0.33 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded) and hyperthermophilic conditions (0.05-0.08 g COD ferm. prod./g VSS-CODadded). Fermentative performance was better at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions as indicated by improved production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFAs accounted for 60-71% of the solubilised matter at thermophilic and mesophilic conditions. Acetic acid formed the primary VFA (70%) at mesophilic temperatures, while butyric acid was the major VFA at thermophilic (60%) conditions. Hyperthermophilic conditions led to increased production of lactic acid, which comprised up to 32% of the solubilised matter. Overall, the results indicate that different operating temperatures may not significantly affect the substrate degradation efficiency but clearly influence the biotransformation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Arras
- École de technologie supérieure, Département du génie de la construction, 1100, Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal H3C 1K3, Canada; Anaerobic Bioprocesses Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - A Hussain
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - R Hausler
- École de technologie supérieure, Département du génie de la construction, 1100, Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - S R Guiot
- Anaerobic Bioprocesses Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal H4P 2R2, Canada.
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13
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Joseph G, Zhang B, Mahzabin Rahman Q, Wang L, Shahbazi A. Two-stage thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover and cattle manure to enhance biomethane production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:452-460. [PMID: 30729849 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1567156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-stage thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and corn stover was conducted to increase biomethane production. The first stage pre-digestion of corn stover was studied based on the following treatment variables: corn stover to liquid fraction of digestate (CS:LFD) ratio (1:7, 1:10, 1:13, 1:14), digestion temperature (55 °C, 60 °C) and digestion time (3, 7, 14 days). The reduction in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (LCH) was between 3.97% and 11.98%, which increased the biodegradability of corn stover. Corn stover pre-digested with a CS:LFD ratio of 1:10 at 55 °C for a period of 3 and 7 days was subjected to anaerobic co-digestion with cattle manure. The highest biomethane yield was observed on day 21 with a value of 357.41 mL/g volatile solids (VS) for untreated corn stover, 446.84 mL/g VS for corn stover pre-digested for 3 days and 518.58 mL/g VS for corn stover pre-digested for 7 days with LFD. The VS conversion efficiency for co-digestion of cattle manure with untreated corn stover, corn stover pre-digested for 3 days and 7 days was 42.8%, 43.3% and 51.8%, respectively, on day 21, which was higher than that (34.0%) of cattle manure only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Joseph
- a Department of Energy and Environmental Systems , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- b Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Quazi Mahzabin Rahman
- a Department of Energy and Environmental Systems , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- b Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Abolghasem Shahbazi
- b Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , Greensboro , NC , USA
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14
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Soomro AF, Ni Z, Ying L, Liu J. The effect of ISR on OFMSW during acidogenic fermentation for the production of AD precursor: kinetics and synergies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18147-18156. [PMID: 35515208 PMCID: PMC9064650 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidogenic fermentation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and it's components (food waste and paper wastes) was studied in batch percolator reactor without artificial pH adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Ni
- Beijing GeoEnviron Engineering & Technology, Inc
- Beijing 100095
- China
| | - Li Ying
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning
- College of Energy and Environment
- Shenyang Aerospace University
- Shenyang 110136
- China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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15
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Abstract
Short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acetic acid (C2) to valeric acid (C5) are important starting chemicals for chemical industry. The production of VFAs from rejected resources (organic residues) using self-sustaining technologies has an exciting potential in supporting the US chemical industry to achieve the goal that 20% of chemicals produced in the USA will be bio-based. Acidogenic anaerobic digestion as a robust, well-established, and versatile biological technology can be applied as an alternative approach for the valorization of organic residues (municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes) by the production of VFAs. In a typical acidogenic anaerobic digestion operation, residue type, pretreatment, reactor operation, and VFA recovery are the key factors that influence VFA production. This chapter discusses these factors and provides an experimental approach of VFA production from organic residues.
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16
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Mehariya S, Patel AK, Obulisamy PK, Punniyakotti E, Wong JWC. Co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge for methane production: Current status and perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:519-531. [PMID: 29861300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is a valuable resource which requires sustainable management avenues to reduce the hazardous environmental impacts and add-value for better economy. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is still reliable, cost-effective technology for waste management. Conventional AD was originally designed for sewer sludge digestion, is not effective for FW due to mainly high organics and volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, hence better technical aptitudes and biochemical inputs are required for optimal biogas production. Besides, to overcome these challenges, FW co-digestion with complementary organic waste e.g. sewage sludge (SS) mixed which complement each other for better process design. The main aim of this article is to summarize the recent updates and review different holistic approaches for efficient anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of FW and SS to provide a comprehensive review on the topic. Moreover, to demonstrate the status and perspectives of AcoD at present scenario for Hong Kong and rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Mehariya
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Elumalai Punniyakotti
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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17
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Chakraborty D, Venkata Mohan S. Effect of food to vegetable waste ratio on acidogenesis and methanogenesis during two-stage integration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:256-263. [PMID: 29413931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mixing ratio of food waste (FW) to vegetable waste (VW) (2:3 FW:VW ∼ 152.51 g VS and 2:1 FW:VW ∼ 137.03 gVS) was optimized using two-stage (LBR-UASB) experimental process depending upon volatile solid (VS) load. The effect of FW to VW ratio was studied in Leach Bed Reactor (LBR) towards leachate production. Results revealed that hydrolysis rate (73.11%), sCOD (3294.3 g/KgVS) and tVFA (2664 g/KgVS) yield was higher in 2:1 FW:VW ratio. Acetate, propionate, lactate and methane yield for 2:3 FW:VW (420 g/KgVS, 87 g/KgVS, 180 g/KgVS and 226.86 ml/gVS respectively) was different from 2:1 FW:VW (340 g/KgVS, 247 g/KgVS, 340 g/KgVS and 218.54 ml/gVS respectively). 2:3 FW:VW ratio depicted higher VS (53.96%) and COD (54.1%) removal than 2:1 FW:VW ratio 46.34% and 41.8% respectively. VW addition regulated pH, restricted propionate and lactate production with enhanced methanogenesis by improving acetate production in two-stage AD process which further boosted process stability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Chakraborty
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, EEFF Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Food Technology, Center of Emerging Technology, Jain University, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, EEFF Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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18
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Hussain A, Filiatrault M, Guiot SR. Acidogenic digestion of food waste in a thermophilic leach bed reactor: Effect of pH and leachate recirculation rate on hydrolysis and volatile fatty acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1-9. [PMID: 28892677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pH control (4, 5, 6, 7) on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from food waste was investigated in a leach bed reactor (LBR) operated at 50°C. Stabilisation of pH at 7 resulted in hydrolysis yield of 530g soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD)/kg total volatile solids (TVS) added and VFA yield of 247gCOD/kg TVS added, which were highest among all pH tested. Butyric acid dominated the VFA mix (49-54%) at pH of 7 and 6, while acetate composed the primary VFA (41-56%) at pH of 4 and 5. A metabolic shift towards lactic acid production was observed at pH of 5. Improving leachate recirculation rate further improved the hydrolysis and degradation efficiency by 10-16% and the acidification yield to 340gCOD/kgTVS added. The butyric acid concentration of 16.8g/L obtained at neutral pH conditions is among the highest reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mélissa Filiatrault
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge R Guiot
- Anaerobic Technologies and Bioprocess Control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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19
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Conversion of vegetable wastes to organic acids in leaching bed reactor: Performance and bacterial community analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Dussadee N, Ramaraj R, Cheunbarn T. Biotechnological application of sustainable biogas production through dry anaerobic digestion of Napier grass. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:47. [PMID: 28444591 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), represents an interesting substrate for biogas production. The research project evaluated biogas potential production from dry anaerobic digestion of Napier grass using batch experiment. To enhance the biogas production from ensiled Napier grass, thermal and alkaline pre-treatments were performed in batch mode. Alkali hydrolysis of Napier grass was performed prior to batch dry anaerobic digestion at three different mild concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The study results confirmed that NaOH pretreated sample produced high yield of biogas than untreated (raw) and hot water pretreated samples. Napier grass was used as the mono-substrate. The biogas composition of carbon dioxide (30.10%), methane (63.50%) and 5 ppm of H2S was estimated from the biogas. Therefore, fast-growing, high-yielding and organic matter-enriched of Napier grass was promising energy crop for biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawud Dussadee
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Sansai, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
| | - Rameshprabu Ramaraj
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Sansai, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Tapana Cheunbarn
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Sansai, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
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21
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Riggio S, Torrijos M, Vives G, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED, Steyer JP, Escudié R. Leachate flush strategies for managing volatile fatty acids accumulation in leach-bed reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:93-102. [PMID: 28214701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In anaerobic leach-bed reactors (LBRs) co-digesting an easily- and a slowly-degradable substrate, the importance of the leachate flush both on extracting volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at the beginning of newly-started batches and on their consumption in mature reactors was tested. Regarding VFA extraction three leachate flush-rate conditions were studied: 0.5, 1 and 2Lkg-1TSd-1. Results showed that increasing the leachate flush-rate during the acidification phase is essential to increase degradation kinetics. After this initial phase, leachate injection is less important and the flush-rate could be reduced. The injection in mature reactors of leachate with an acetic acid concentration of 5 or 10gL-1 showed that for an optimized VFA consumption in LBRs, VFAs should be provided straight after the methane production peak in order to profit from a higher methanogenic activity, and every 6-7h to maintain a high biogas production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riggio
- LBE, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy; Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - M Torrijos
- LBE, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - G Vives
- Naskeo Environnement, 52 rue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 92240 Malakoff, France.
| | - G Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy.
| | - E D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - J P Steyer
- LBE, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - R Escudié
- LBE, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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22
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Korkakaki E, Mulders M, Veeken A, Rozendal R, van Loosdrecht MCM, Kleerebezem R. PHA production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW): Overcoming the inhibitory matrix. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:74-83. [PMID: 27019467 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leachate from the source separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was evaluated as a substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production. Initially, the enrichment step was conducted directly on leachate in a feast-famine regime. Maximization of the cellular PHA content of the enriched biomass yielded to low PHA content (29 wt%), suggesting that the selection for PHA-producers was unsuccessful. When the substrate for the enrichment was switched to a synthetic volatile fatty acid (VFA) mixture -resembling the VFA carbon composition of the leachate-the PHA-producers gained the competitive advantage and dominated. Subsequent accumulation with leachate in nutrient excess conditions resulted in a maximum PHA content of 78 wt%. Based on the experimental results, enriching a PHA-producing community in a "clean" VFA stream, and then accumulating PHA from a stream that does not allow for enrichment but does enable a high cellular PHA content, such as OFMSW leachate, makes the overall process much more economically attractive. The estimated overall process yield can be increased four-fold, in comparison to direct use of the complex matrix for both enrichment and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Korkakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel Mulders
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie Veeken
- Attero BV, Vamweg 7, 9418 TM, Wijster, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Rozendal
- Paques BV, T. de Boerstraat 24, 8561 EL, Balk, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
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23
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Wang Q, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Li K. Effect of initial total solids concentration on volatile fatty acid production from food waste during anaerobic acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1884-1891. [PMID: 25666310 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1015454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of initial total solids (TS) concentration on volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production from food waste under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) was determined. VFAs concentration and composition, biogas production, soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration, TS and volatile solids (VS) reduction, and ammonia nitrogen [Formula: see text] release were investigated. The VFAs concentrations were 26.10, 39.68, 59.58, and 62.64 g COD/L at TS contents of 40, 70, 100, and 130 g/L, respectively. While the VFAs' yields ranged from 0.467 to 0.799 g COD/g VSfed, decreased as initial TS increased. The percentage of propionate was not affected by TS concentration, accounting for 30.19-34.86% of the total VFAs, while a higher percentage of butyrate and lower percentage of acetate was achieved at a higher TS concentration. Biogas included mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the maximum hydrogen yield of 148.9 ml/g VSfed was obtained at 130 g TS/L. [Formula: see text] concentration, TS and VS reductions increased as initial TS increased. Considering the above variables, we conclude that initial TS of 100 g/L shall be the most appropriate to VFAs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- a School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
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24
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Anaerobic Leaching-Bed Reactor Treating Food Waste for Organic Acid Production: Effect of Bulking Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food waste was a troublesome organic waste stream, but a highly desirable substrate for anaerobic digestion to recover energy. Among the diverse reactor configurations, the leaching-bed reactor was reported to be best choice to treating the particular organic waste for platform compounds (volatile fatty acid). In this study, we carried out a series of experiments to investigate the bulking agent and pH control on process performance, and special focus was put on the biodegradability of bulking agent. The supplement of bulking agent greatly improved the leaching rate by 3.6 folds. Although the hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria were resistant to low pH, the pH control (neutralization) caused a significantly increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) productions from 39.1 g COD/kg VSaddedto 183.4 g VFA/kg VSadded. Comparing with the undegradable bulking agent, the case with supplementing corncob as a bulking agent showed superior VFA yields (225 g COD/kg VSadded) which could be ascribed to the good adhesive properties for microorganisms and biodegradability. The ultimate analysis of the substrate (excluding the bulking agent) also showed that most of food waste was degraded with relative short reaction time. In addition, the TG/DTA and FTIR of residual corncob results indicated some components (cellulose, hemi-cellulose) were degraded, which could contribute to the additional VFA production (14 g COD/kg VSadded). This study suggested that the corncob could be considered as a good bio-compatible bulking agent for leaching-bed reactor, which not only increased the VFA productivity, but provided additional VFA production.
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25
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Cadavid-Rodríguez LS, Horan NJ. Production of volatile fatty acids from wastewater screenings using a leach-bed reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 60:242-249. [PMID: 24862954 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Screenings recovered from the inlet works of wastewater treatment plants were digested without pre-treatment or dilution using a lab-scale, leach-bed reactor. Variations in recirculation ratio of the leachate of 4 and 8 l/lreactor/day and pH values of 5 and 6 were evaluated in order to determine the optimal operating conditions for maximum total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. By increasing the recirculation ratio of the leachate from 4 to 8 l/lreactor/day it was possible to increase VFA production (11%) and soluble COD (17%) and thus generate up to 264 g VFA/kg-dry screenings. These VFA were predominantly acetic acid with some propionic and butyric acid. The optimum pH for VFA production was 6.0, when the methanogenic phase was inhibited. Below pH 5.0, acid-producing fermentation was inhibited and some alcohols were produced. Ammonia release during the hydrolysis of screenings provided adequate alkalinity; consequently, a digestion process without pH adjustment could be recommended. The leach-bed reactor was able to achieve rapid rates of screenings degradation with the production of valuable end-products that will reduce the carbon footprint associated with current screenings disposal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel J Horan
- University of Leeds, School of Civil Engineering, Leeds LS2 9 JT, United kingdom
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26
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Jiang J, Gong C, Wang J, Tian S, Zhang Y. Effects of ultrasound pre-treatment on the amount of dissolved organic matter extracted from food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:266-71. [PMID: 24457300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a series of studies on the effects of food waste disintegration using an ultrasonic generator and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by anaerobic hydrolysis. The results suggest that ultrasound treatment can significantly increase COD [chemical oxygen demand], proteins and reducing sugars, but decrease that of lipids in food waste supernatant. Ultrasound pre-treatment boosted the production of VFAs dramatically during the fermentation of food waste. At an ultrasonic energy density of 480W/L, we treated two kinds of food waste (total solids (TS): 40 and 100g/L, respectively) with ultrasound for 15min. The amount of COD dissolved from the waste increased by 1.6-1.7-fold, proteins increased by 3.8-4.3-fold, and reducing sugars increased by 4.4-3.6-fold, whereas the lipid content decreased from 2 to 0.1g/L. Additionally, a higher VFA yield was observed following ultrasonic pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Changxiu Gong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sicong Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Guo W, Wu Q, Yang S, Luo H, Peng S, Ren N. Optimization of ultrasonic pretreatment and substrate/inoculum ratio to enhance hydrolysis and volatile fatty acid production from food waste. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method of combinating ultrasonic (US) pretreatment and substrate/inoculum ratio (S/I) adjustment was applied to enhance hydrolysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
| | - Haichao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
| | - Simai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin, China
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28
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Jiang J, Zhang Y, Li K, Wang Q, Gong C, Li M. Volatile fatty acids production from food waste: effects of pH, temperature, and organic loading rate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:525-530. [PMID: 23831761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pH, temperature, and organic loading rate (OLR) on the acidogenesis of food waste have been determined. The present study investigated their effects on soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), volatile solids (VS), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)-N). Both the concentration and yield of VFAs were highest at pH 6.0, acetate and butyrate accounted for 77% of total VFAs. VFAs concentration and the VFA/SCOD ratio were highest, and VS levels were lowest, at 45 °C, but the differences compared to the values at 35 °C were slight. The concentrations of VFAs, SCOD, and NH4(+)-N increased as OLR increased, whereas the yield of VFAs decreased from 0.504 at 5 g/Ld to 0.306 at 16 g/Ld. Acetate and butyrate accounted for 60% of total VFAs. The percentage of acetate and valerate increased as OLR increased, whereas a high OLR produced a lower percentage of propionate and butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Uke MN, Stentiford E. Enhancement of the anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of municipal solid waste in leachbed reactors by varying flow direction during water addition and leachate recycle. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:1425-1433. [PMID: 23541498 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Poor performance of leachbed reactors (LBRs) is attributed to channelling, compaction from waste loading, unidirectional water addition and leachate flow causing reduced hydraulic conductivity and leachate flow blockage. Performance enhancement was evaluated in three LBRs M, D and U at 22 ± 3°C using three water addition and leachate recycle strategies; water addition was downflow in D throughout, intermittently upflow and downflow in M and U with 77% volume downflow in M, 54% volume downflow in U while the rest were upflow. Leachate recycle was downflow in D, alternately downflow and upflow in M and upflow in U. The strategy adopted in U led to more water addition (30.3%), leachate production (33%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation (33%; 1609 g against 1210 g) compared to D (control). The total and volatile solids (TS and VS) reductions were similar but the highest COD yield (g-COD/g-TS and g-COD/g-VS removed) was in U (1.6 and 1.9); the values were 1.33 and 1.57 for M, and 1.18 and 1.41 for D respectively. The strategy adopted in U showed superior performance with more COD and leachate production compared to reactors M and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Uke
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Xu SY, Karthikeyan OP, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Effect of inoculum to substrate ratio on the hydrolysis and acidification of food waste in leach bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:425-30. [PMID: 22227144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to determine an appropriate ISR (inoculum to substrate ratio) to enhance the hydrolysis rate and reduce the solid retention time of food waste in hydrolytic-acidogenesis leach bed reactor (LBR). LBR 1-4 were inoculated with 0%, 5%, 20% and 80% (w/w basis) of anaerobically digested sludge, respectively, using artificial food waste as substrate. Experiments were conducted in batch mode at mesophilic condition (35 °C) for 17 days. Higher ISR resulted in 4.3-fold increase in protein hydrolysis; whereas, only a modest increase in the decomposition of carbohydrate. Two kinetic models for carbohydrate and protein degradation were proposed and evaluated. The differences among four ISRs in volatile solids removal efficiencies were marginal, i.e. 52.4%, 62.8%, 63.2% and 71.7% for LBR 1-4, respectively; indicating that higher ISR was insignificant in enhancing the overall hydrolysis rate in LBR. Therefore, a lower ISR of 20% was recommended in the hydrolytic-acidogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yun Xu
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Center for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Xu SY, Lam HP, Karthikeyan OP, Wong JWC. Optimization of food waste hydrolysis in leach bed coupled with methanogenic reactor: effect of pH and bulking agent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3702-3708. [PMID: 21195606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pH and bulking agents on hydrolysis/acidogenesis of food waste were studied using leach bed reactor (LBR) coupled with methanogenic up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The hydrolysis rate under regulated pH (6.0) was studied and compared with unregulated one during initial experiment. Then, the efficacies of five different bulking agents, i.e. plastic full particles, plastic hollow sphere, bottom ash, wood chip and saw dust were experimented under the regulated pH condition. Leachate recirculation with 50% water replacement was practiced throughout the experiment. Results proved that the daily leachate recirculation with pH control (6.0) accelerated the hydrolysis rate (59% higher volatile fatty acids) and methane production (up to 88%) compared to that of control without pH control. Furthermore, bottom ash improved the reactor alkalinity, which internally buffered the system that improved the methane production rate (0.182 l CH(4)/g VS(added)) than other bulking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yun Xu
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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