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Ghosh TK, Tompa NH, Rahman MM, Mohi-Ud-Din M, Al-Meraj SMZ, Biswas MS, Mostofa MG. Acclimation of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to physiological drought reveals important roles of antioxidant enzymes, proline and abscisic acid in land plant adaptation to osmotic stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12419. [PMID: 34824915 PMCID: PMC8590393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is considered as the key species for addressing a myriad of questions in plant biology. Exploration of drought tolerance mechanism(s) in this group of land plants offers a platform to identify the early adaptive mechanisms involved in drought tolerance. The current study aimed at elucidating the drought acclimation mechanisms in liverwort’s model M. polymorpha. The gemmae, asexual reproductive units of M. polymorpha, were exposed to sucrose (0.2 M), mannitol (0.5 M) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 10%) for inducing physiological drought to investigate their effects at morphological, physiological and biochemical levels. Our results showed that drought exposure led to extreme growth inhibition, disruption of membrane stability and reduction in photosynthetic pigment contents in M. polymorpha. The increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and the rate of electrolyte leakage in the gemmalings of M. polymorpha indicated an evidence of drought-caused oxidative stress. The gemmalings showed significant induction of the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione S-transferase, and total antioxidant activity in response to increased oxidative stress under drought. Importantly, to counteract the drought effects, the gemmalings also accumulated a significant amount of proline, which coincided with the evolutionary presence of proline biosynthesis gene Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 (P5CS1) in land plants. Furthermore, the application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) reduced drought-induced tissue damage and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of proline, implying an archetypal role of this phytohormone in M. polymorpha for drought tolerance. We conclude that physiological drought tolerance mechanisms governed by the cellular antioxidants, proline and ABA were adopted in liverwort M. polymorpha, and that these findings have important implications in aiding our understanding of osmotic stress acclimation processes in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Haque Tompa
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
| | - Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - S M Zubair Al-Meraj
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sanaullah Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Zhuang K, Shi D, Hu Z, Xu F, Chen Y, Shen Z. Subcellular accumulation and source of O 2- and H 2O 2 in submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle under NH 4+-N stress condition. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:1-12. [PMID: 30500560 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of excess NH4+-N on the subcellular accumulation of O2- and H2O2 in submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle were investigated using both histochemical and cytochemical methods. Treatments with ≥ 2.00 and ≥ 5.00 mg L-1 NH4+-N for 5 d significantly increased production of O2- and H2O2, respectively. The activities of plasma membrane-bound NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase) were also increased correspondingly. This study also provides the first cytochemical evidence of subcellular accumulation of O2- and H2O2 in the submerged plants. In the leaves of H. verticillata treated with 20.0 mg L-1 NH4+-N, O2- dependent DAB precipitates were found primarily on the inner side of the plasma membrane, extracellular space and chloroplasts. H2O2-CeCl3 precipitates were mainly localized on the inner side of the plasma membrane and extracellular space of the mesophyll cells. Treatments with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (diphenylene iodonium and imidazole) indicate that NH4+-N-induced production of O2- and H2O2 in H. verticillata leaves may involve plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidase. Moreover, low-light treatment decreased NH4+-induced O2- production, suggesting that alterations in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain due to NH4+ toxicity could lead to O2- production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Danlu Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- Beijing MOE Lab for Earth Surface Proc., College of Urban and Environmental Sci., Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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3
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Maresca V, Fusaro L, Sorbo S, Siciliano A, Loppi S, Paoli L, Monaci F, Karam EA, Piscopo M, Guida M, Galdiero E, Insolvibile M, Basile A. Functional and structural biomarkers to monitor heavy metal pollution of one of the most contaminated freshwater sites in Southern Europe. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:665-673. [PMID: 30098556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biological effects of highly polluted freshwater environment (Regi Lagni channels, S Italy) on the aquatic moss Leptodictyum riparium, exposed in bags at three sites representative of different environmental conditions and characterized by different heavy metal burdens. Bioaccumulation, ultrastructural alterations, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA damage were assessed. To better evaluate the biological response of the moss species to heavy metals, the same biological parameters were assessed also in L. riparium samples cultured in vitro using metal mixtures at the same concentrations as measured at the 3 field exposure sites. Heavy metals were accumulated into the moss tissues causing severe ultra-structural damages at higher concentration case studies, and the ROS production as well as the activity of the enzyme followed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the DNA damage trend suggested a threshold effect that changed between field and in vitro experiment. The enrichment factor suggests that the concentration in the most polluted site is close to the upper limit of L. riparium to accumulate metals. Overall, combining measures of the morpho-functional traits at different level contribute to improving the knowledge about the tolerance of L. riparium to heavy metal stress, suggesting that this moss could be suitable for biomonitoring activity in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maresca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Section of Microscopy, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elham Asadi Karam
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilena Insolvibile
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 Roma, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Antreich S, Sassmann S, Lang I. Limited accumulation of copper in heavy metal adapted mosses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:141-148. [PMID: 26878481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient but has toxic effects at high concentrations. Bryophytes are remarkably tolerant to elevated levels of copper but we wondered if this tolerance might be species dependent. Therefore, in three moss species, Physcomitrella patens, Mielichhoferia elongata and Pohlia drummondii, the accumulation of copper was compared with semiquantitative SEM-EDX analyses after six weeks of cultivation on copper containing media. We investigated the role of the copper-linked anion and applied copper as CuCl2, CuSO4 and CuEDTA, respectively. Line scans along the growth axis of moss gametophores allowed for a detailed analysis of copper detection from the base towards the tip. Mosses originating from metal-containing habitats (i.e. M. elongata and P. drummondii) revealed a lower accumulation of copper when compared to the non-adapted P. patens. CuEDTA had a shielding effect in all three species and copper levels differed greatly from CuCl2 or CuSO4. The detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 and O2(-), was further used to indicate stress levels in the gametophore stems. ROS staining was increased along the whole stem and the tip in the non-adapted species P. patens whereas the tolerant species M. elongata and P. drummondii generally showed less staining located mainly at the base of the stem. We discuss the relation between metal accumulation and ROS production using indicator dyes in the three moss species. As moss gametophores are very delicate structures, ROS staining provide an excellent alternative to spectrophotometric analyses to estimate stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Antreich
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Sassmann
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Cai SW, Huang WX, Xiong ZT, Ye FY, Ren C, Xu ZR, Liu C, Deng SQ, Zhao J. Comparative study of root growth and sucrose-cleaving enzymes in metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of Rumex dentatus under copper stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:95-102. [PMID: 24367815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose metabolism in roots of metallophytes is very important for root growth and maintenance of heavy metal tolerance. However, rare researches have been carried out on this topic so far. We tested here a hypothesis that roots of copper-tolerant plants should manifest higher activities of sucrose-cleaving enzymes than non-tolerant plants for maintaining root growth under Cu stress. Plants of two contrasting populations of metallophyte Rumex dentatus, one from an ancient Cu mine (MP) and the other from a non-mine site (NMP), were treated with Cu in controlled experiments. Cu treatment resulted in a higher root biomass and root/shoot biomass ratio in MP compared to NMP. More complicated root system architecture was showed in MP under Cu stress. Activities and transcript levels of acid invertase as well as contents of sucrose and reducing sugar in MP were elevated under Cu treatment, while activities of neutral/alkaline invertase and sucrose synthase showed no significant differences between two populations. The results indicate important roles of acid invertase in governing root growth under Cu stress.
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6
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Higashi Y, Takechi K, Takano H, Takio S. Involvement of MicroRNA in Copper Deficiency-Induced Repression of Chloroplastic CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Genes in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1345-55. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xia Y, Qi Y, Yuan Y, Wang G, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhang H, Shen Z. Overexpression of Elsholtzia haichowensis metallothionein 1 (EhMT1) in tobacco plants enhances copper tolerance and accumulation in root cytoplasm and decreases hydrogen peroxide production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 233-234:65-71. [PMID: 22818176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the functional roles of metallothionein (MT) in copper tolerance, we generated transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EhMT1 from the Cu-accumulator Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun. Overexpression of EhMT1 in tobacco plants imparted increased copper (Cu) tolerance based on seedling dry biomass when compared to wild-type plants. Plants expressing EhMT1 accumulated more Cu in roots, which was mainly attributable to an increase of the soluble fraction. Levels of lipid peroxidation and production of hydrogen peroxide were lower in roots of transgenic tobacco than in wild-type plants. EhMT1 was suggested to bind Cu in the cytoplasm, thereby decreasing activity of free Cu(2+) ions and blocking Cu(2+) from interacting with cytoplasmic components, which in turn decreases the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, our results also indicate that EhMT1-overexpressing tobacco has a more efficient antioxidant system, with improved peroxidase activity to better cope with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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8
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Dey A, De JN. Antioxidative Potential of Bryophytes: Stress Tolerance and Commercial Perspectives: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.151.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Sun SQ, He M, Wang GX, Cao T. Heavy metal-induced physiological alterations and oxidative stress in the moss Brachythecium piligerum chad. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:453-458. [PMID: 20196150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), as well as lipid peroxidation and proline were studied in moss Brachythecium piligerum Card. collected from different sites in Shanghai, China, to validate the physiological parameters as biomarkers of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. Results demonstrated that the responses of POD and CAT activities, as well as MDA and proline contents were in accordance with the heavy metal contents in mosses. That is, POD activity, MDA, and proline content were activated and CAT activity was inhibited in heavier polluted sites, indicating that POD and CAT activities, and MDA and proline contents could be used as biomarkers for biomonitoring atmospheric heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Qin Sun
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Huang WX, Cao Y, Huang LJ, Ren C, Xiong ZT. Differential expression of acid invertase genes in roots of metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations of Rumex japonicus under copper stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1432-1439. [PMID: 21555144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that during copper (Cu) stress, the roots of metallicolous plants manifest a higher activity of acid invertase enzymes, which are rate-limiting in sucrose catabolism, than non-metallicolous plants. To test whether the higher activity of acid invertases is the result of higher expression of acid invertase genes, we isolated partial cDNAs for acid invertases from two populations of Rumex japonicus (from metalliferous and non-metalliferous soils), determined their nucleotide sequences, and designed primers to measure changes in transcript levels during Cu stress. We also determined the growth of the plants' roots, Cu accumulation, and acid invertase activities. The seedlings of R. japonicus were exposed to control or 20 μM Cu(2+) for 6d under hydroponic conditions. The transcript level and enzyme activity of acid invertases in metallicolous plants were both significantly higher than those in non-metallicolous plants when treated with 20 μM. Under Cu stress, the root length and root biomass of metallicolous plants were also significantly higher than those of non-metallicolous plants. The results suggested that under Cu stress, the expression of acid invertase genes in metallicolous plants of R. japonicus differed from those in non-metallicolous plants. Furthermore, the higher acid invertase activities of metallicolous plants under Cu stress could be due in part to elevated expression of acid invertase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Xing Huang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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Sun SQ, Wang GX, He M, Cao T. Effects of Pb and Ni stress on oxidative stress parameters in three moss species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1630-1635. [PMID: 21497399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative responses of the mosses Hypnum plumaeforme, Thuidium cymbifolium, and Brachythecium piligerum to short-term Pb and Ni stress were investigated. Both Pb and Ni treatment increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in H. plumaeforme and T. cymbifolium. However, SOD activity in B. piligerum was increased under 10mM Pb stress and Ni increased CAT activity in B. piligerum under 1mM Ni stress. Peroxidase (POX) activity in the three mosses was increased by Pb and Ni exposure, indicating that POX plays an important role in preventing heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. The accumulation of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2) in mosses is related to the decline in SOD and CAT activities. B. piligerum is the most sensitive and T. cymbifolium is the most tolerant species to Pb and Ni stress among the three bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 9, Block 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Deng X, Xia Y, Hu W, Zhang H, Shen Z. Cadmium-induced oxidative damage and protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against cadmium toxicity in Solanum nigrum L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 180:722-729. [PMID: 20488618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and antioxidant enzyme activities in roots of Solanum nigrum L. and the role of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as a cysteine (Cys) donor against Cd toxicity were investigated. Cd at 50 and 200 microM significantly increased the contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), the production of H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and the activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Experiments with diphenylene iodonium as an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and NaN(3) as an inhibitor of peroxidase showed that the major source of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species in the roots may include plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidase and peroxidase. In addition, the effects of NAC on plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and non-protein thiol content were analyzed. Under Cd stress, the addition of 500 microM NAC decreased the contents of TBARS and production of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-), but increased levels of Cys and reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins, and activity of GSH-Px in roots. These results suggest that NAC could protect plants from oxidative stress damage, and this protection seems to be performed via increased GSH biosynthesis. Furthermore, NAC treatment also increased the contents of protein thiols in S. nigrum roots. By using size-exclusion chromatography, we found involvement of NAC in the Cd tolerance mechanism through increased biosynthesis of Cd-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Jakubowicz M, Gałgańska H, Nowak W, Sadowski J. Exogenously induced expression of ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, phospholipase D, and Rboh-oxidase genes in broccoli seedlings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:3475-91. [PMID: 20581125 PMCID: PMC2905205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, copper ions, hydrogen peroxide, and cycloheximide have been recognized as very effective inducers of the transcriptional activity of genes encoding the enzymes of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. In this report, the transcriptional patterns of genes encoding the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases (ACSs), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidases (ACOs), ETR1, ETR2, and ERS1 ethylene receptors, phospholipase D (PLD)-alpha1, -alpha2, -gamma1, and -delta, and respiratory burst oxidase homologue (Rboh)-NADPH oxidase-D and -F in response to these inducers in Brassica oleracea etiolated seedlings are shown. ACS1, ACO1, ETR2, PLD-gamma1, and RbohD represent genes whose expression was considerably affected by all of the inducers used. The investigations were performed on the seedlings with (i) ethylene insensitivity and (ii) a reduced level of the PLD-derived phosphatidic acid (PA). The general conclusion is that the expression of ACS1, -3, -4, -5, -7, and -11, ACO1, ETR1, ERS1, and ETR2, PLD-gamma 1, and RbohD and F genes is undoubtedly under the reciprocal cross-talk of the ethylene and PA(PLD) signalling routes; both signals affect it in concerted or opposite ways depending on the gene or the type of stimuli. The results of these studies on broccoli seedlings are in agreement with the hypothesis that PA may directly affect the ethylene signal transduction pathway via an inhibitory effect on CTR1 (constitutive triple response 1) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Zhang H, Zhang F, Xia Y, Wang G, Shen Z. Excess copper induces production of hydrogen peroxide in the leaf of Elsholtzia haichowensis through apoplastic and symplastic CuZn-superoxide dismutase. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 178:834-843. [PMID: 20202748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of excess copper (Cu) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of the Cu-accumulator Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun were investigated. The addition of 100 microM of copper significantly increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other antioxidant enzymes. The increase in SOD activity was attributable to an increase in apoplastic and symplastic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity. Induction of CuZn-SOD proteins was demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. This study also provides the first cytochemical evidence of an accumulation of superoxide anion in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, and H(2)O(2) in the mesophyll cell walls and extracellular space, as a consequence of Cu treatment. Experiments with diphenyleneiodonium as an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and N-N-diethyldithiocarbamate as an inhibitor of SOD showed that the source of H(2)O(2) in the cell wall could be, in part, NADPH oxidase. Apoplastic guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and symplastic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were induced in leaves of E. haichowensis with 100 microM Cu, suggesting that apoplastic POD and symplastic APX may be important in avoiding the buildup of toxic H(2)O(2) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Gao W, Li HY, Xiao S, Chye ML. Acyl-CoA-binding protein 2 binds lysophospholipase 2 and lysoPC to promote tolerance to cadmium-induced oxidative stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:989-1003. [PMID: 20345607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are intermediates of phospholipid metabolism resulting from stress and lysophospholipases detoxify lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Many lysophospholipases have been characterized in mammals and bacteria, but few have been reported from plants. Arabidopsis thaliana lysophospholipase 2 (lysoPL2) (At1g52760) was identified as a protein interactor of acyl-CoA-binding protein 2 (ACBP2) in yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assays. BLASTP analysis indicated that lysoPL2 showed approximately 35% amino acid identity to the lysoPL1 family. Co-localization of autofluorescence-tagged lysoPL2 and ACBP2 by confocal microscopy in agroinfiltrated tobacco suggests the plasma membrane as a site for their subcellular interaction. LysoPL2 mRNA was induced by zinc (Zn) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and lysoPL2 knockout mutants showed enhanced sensitivity to Zn and H(2)O(2) in comparison to wild type. LysoPL2-overexpressing Arabidopsis was more tolerant to H(2)O(2) and cadmium (Cd) than wild type, suggesting involvement of lysoPL2 in phospholipid repair following lipid peroxidation arising from metal-induced stress. Lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) contents in ACBP2-overexpressors and lysoPL2-overexpressors after Cd-treatment were lower than wild type, indicating that ACBP2 and lysoPL2 confer protection during oxidative stress. A role for lysoPL2 in lysoPC detoxification was demonstrated when recombinant lysoPL2 was observed to degrade lysoPC in vitro. Filter-binding assays and Lipidex competition assays showed that (His)(6)-ACBP2 binds lysoPC in vitro. Binding was disrupted in a (His)(6)-ACBP2 derivative lacking the acyl-CoA-binding domain, confirming that this domain confers lysoPC binding. These results suggest that ACBP2 can bind both lysoPC and lysoPL2 to promote the degradation of lysoPC in response to Cd-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Darehshouri A, Lütz-Meindl U. H2O2 localization in the green alga Micrasterias after salt and osmotic stress by TEM-coupled electron energy loss spectroscopy. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 239:49-56. [PMID: 19902325 PMCID: PMC2826641 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), are constantly generated as by-products of normal metabolic cellular pathways and can be overproduced in response to stress. In this study, we investigated ROS production and localization of H(2)O(2) after salt (200 mM KCl) and osmotic (iso-osmotic sorbitol concentration) stress in the unicellular green alga Micrasterias. By means of the dye H(2)DCFDA and confocal laser scanning microscopy, most ROS production could be detected in KCl-treated cells when compared to sorbitol-exposed cells and controls. For ultrastructural detection of H(2)O(2), CeCl(3), which reacts with H(2)O(2) and produces cerium perhydroxide deposits, has been used. Cerium was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-coupled electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in organelles of KCl- and sorbitol-treated cells and in controls. Statistical measurements of the presence of the cerium M(4,5) edge were performed in mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell walls, and cytoplasmic sites of five individual cells after each treatment. The most pronounced increase in H(2)O(2) production was found in chloroplasts of KCl- and sorbitol-treated cells. This shows that the chloroplast reveals the strongest response in H(2)O(2) production after stress induction in Micrasterias. Significant elevation of H(2)O(2) production also occurred in mitochondria and cytoplasm, whereas H(2)O(2) levels remained unchanged or even slightly decreased in cell walls of treated cells. Additionally, TEM micrographs and EELS analyses provided indirect evidence for an increased H(2)O(2) production at the plasma membrane of KCl-treated cells, indicating an involvement of the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase in H(2)O(2) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anza Darehshouri
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Present Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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