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Eom H. Development of an Improved Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria-Based Ecotoxicity Test for Simple and Rapid On-Site Application. TOXICS 2023; 11:352. [PMID: 37112579 PMCID: PMC10145486 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbial toxicity tests are considered efficient screening tools for the assessment of water contamination. The objective of this study was to develop a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)-based ecotoxicity test with high sensitivity and reproducibility for simple and rapid on-site application. To attain this goal, we developed a 25 mL vial-based toxicity kit and improved our earlier SOB toxicity test technique. The current study applied a suspended form of SOB and shortened the processing time to 30 min. Moreover, we optimized the test conditions of the SOB toxicity kit in terms of initial cell density, incubating temperature, and mixing intensity during incubation. We determined that 2 × 105 cells/mL initial cell density, 32 °C incubating temperature, and 120 rpm mixing intensity are the optimal test conditions. Using these test conditions, we performed SOB toxicity tests for heavy metals and petrochemicals, and obtained better detection sensitivity and test reproducibility, compared to earlier SOB tests. Our SOB toxicity kit tests have numerous advantages, including a straightforward test protocol, no requirement of sophisticated laboratory equipment, and no distortion of test results from false readings of end-points and properties of test samples, making it suitable for simple and rapid on-site application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonseop Eom
- Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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2
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Eom H, Kim S, Oh SE. Evaluation of joint toxicity of BTEX mixtures using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116435. [PMID: 36270122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and xylenes (X) are petrochemicals vital in various industrial and commercial processing but identified as priority pollutants due to their high toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological nature of BTEX mixtures under controlled laboratory aquatic conditions using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Results from individual BTEX tests demonstrated that the order of toxicity among BTEX was X ≥ E > T > B. Comparisons of dose-effect curves for BTEX suggest that the biochemical mode of action of B in SOB was different from those of T, E, and X. Toxicological interactions of BTEX in mixtures were studied using concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and combination index (CI)-isobologram models. The CI model approximated the actual toxicity of BTEX mixtures better than the CA and IA models. In most cases, BTEX induced synergistic interactions in mixtures. However, in some B-containing mixtures, antagonism was observed at low effective levels. The effective level (fa)-CI plots and polygonograms illustrate that synergistic interactions of BTEX became stronger with an increase in effective levels. In addition, ternary and quaternary mixtures were found to provoke stronger synergism than binary mixtures. The present study suggests that the CI-isobologram model is a suitable means to evaluate diverse toxicological interactions of contaminants in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonseop Eom
- Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ashun E, Kang W, Thapa BS, Gurung A, Rahimnejad M, Jang M, Jeon BH, Kim JR, Oh SE. A novel gas production bioassay of thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB) for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals contaminated water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134902. [PMID: 35561773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first-time the possibility of deploying gas production by thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB) as a proxy to evaluate water toxicity. The test relies on gas production by TUDB due to inhibited metabolic activity in the presence of toxicants. Gas production was measured using a bubble-type respirometer. Optimization studies indicated that 300 mg NO3--N/L, 0.5 mL acclimated culture, and 2100 mg S2O32-/L were the ideal conditions facilitating the necessary volume of gas production for sensitive data generation. Determined EC50 values of the selected heavy metals were: Cr6+, 0.51 mg/L; Ag+, 2.90 mg/L; Cu2+, 2.90 mg/L; Ni2+, 3.60 mg/L; As3+, 4.10 mg/L; Cd2+, 5.56 mg/L; Hg2+, 8.06 mg/L; and Pb2+, 19.3 mg/L. The advantages of this method include operational simplicity through the elimination of cumbersome preprocessing procedures which are used to eliminate interferences caused by turbidity when the toxicity of turbid samples is determined via spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochang Kang
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhim Sen Thapa
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Gurung
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mostafa Rahimnejad
- Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Aigle A, Colin Y, Bouchali R, Bourgeois E, Marti R, Ribun S, Marjolet L, Pozzi ACM, Misery B, Colinon C, Bernardin-Souibgui C, Wiest L, Blaha D, Galia W, Cournoyer B. Spatio-temporal variations in chemical pollutants found among urban deposits match changes in thiopurine S-methyltransferase-harboring bacteria tracked by the tpm metabarcoding approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:145425. [PMID: 33636795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bTPMT (bacterial thiopurine S-methyltransferase), encoded by the tpm gene, can detoxify metalloid-containing oxyanions and xenobiotics. The hypothesis of significant relationships between tpm distribution patterns and chemical pollutants found in urban deposits was investigated. The tpm gene was found conserved among eight bacterial phyla with no sign of horizontal gene transfers but a predominance among gammaproteobacteria. A DNA metabarcoding approach was designed for tracking tpm-harboring bacteria among polluted urban deposits and sediments recovered for more than six years in a detention basin (DB). This DB recovers runoff waters and sediments from a zone of high commercial activities. The PCR products from DB samples led to more than 540,000 tpm reads after DADA2 or MOTHUR bio-informatic manipulations that were allocated to more than 88 and less than 634 sequence variants per sample. The tpm community patterns were significantly different between the recent urban deposits and those that had accumulated for more than 2 years in the DB, and between those of the DB surface and the DB settling pit. These groups of samples had distinct mixture of priority pollutants. Significant relationships between tpm ordination patterns, sediment accumulation time periods and location, and concentrations in PAH, chlorpyrifos, and 4-nonylphenols (NP) were observed. These correlations matched the higher occurrences of, among others, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas tpm-harboring bacteria in recent urban DB deposits more contaminated with chrysene and alkylphenol ethoxylates. Highly significant drops in tpm reads allocated to Aeromonas species were recorded in the oldest DB sediments accumulating naphthalene and metallic pollutants. Degraders of urban pollutants such as P. aeruginosa and P. putida showed conserved distribution patterns over time but P. syringae phytopathogens were more abundant in the oldest sediments. TPMT-harboring bacteria can be used to assess the incidence of high risk priority pollutants on environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Aigle
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Yannick Colin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Rayan Bouchali
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Bourgeois
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Romain Marti
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Sébastien Ribun
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Laurence Marjolet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Adrien C M Pozzi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Boris Misery
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Céline Colinon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Claire Bernardin-Souibgui
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Laure Wiest
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Blaha
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Wessam Galia
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Benoit Cournoyer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS 5557, INRA 1418, Research team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
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He M, Wan Z, Tsang DCW, Sun Y, Khan E, Hou D, Graham NJD. Performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of catalyst-based degradation-A case study of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123460. [PMID: 32683158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made to develop effective and sustainable catalysts, e.g., carbon-/biochar-based catalyst, for the decontamination of organic pollutants in water/wastewater. Most of the published studies evaluated the catalytic performance mainly upon degradation efficiency of parent compounds; however, comprehensive and field-relevant performance assessment is still in need. This review critically analysed the performance indicators for carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation from the perspectives of: (1) degradation of parent compounds, i.e., concentrations, kinetics, reactive oxidative species (ROS) analysis, and residual oxidant concentration; (2) formation of intermediates and by-products, i.e., intermediates analysis, evolution of inorganic ions, and total organic carbon (TOC); and (3) impact assessment of treated samples, i.e., toxicity evolution, disinfection effect, and biodegradability test. Five most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen) were selected as a case study to articulate the performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation. This review also encourages the development of alternative performance indicators to facilitate the rational design of catalysts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhonghao Wan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Hassan SHA, Gurung A, Kang WC, Shin BS, Rahimnejad M, Jeon BH, Kim JR, Oh SE. Real-time monitoring of water quality of stream water using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as bio-indicator. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:58-63. [PMID: 30769290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, real-time water-quality (WQ) biomonitoring has become the most effective technology for monitoring toxic events by using living organisms as a biosensor. In this study, an online WQ monitoring system using sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was tested to monitor WQ changes in real-time in natural stream water. The WQ monitoring system consisted of three SOB reactors (one continuous and two semi-continuous mode reactors). The SOB system did not detect any toxicity in relatively-unpolluted, natural stream water when operated for more than six months. When diluted swine wastewater (50:1) was added to the influent of the reactors, the system detected toxic conditions in both the continuous and semi-continuous operational modes, showing 90% inhibition of SOB activity within 1 h of operation. The addition of 30 mg/L NO2--N or 2 mg/L of Cr6+ to the influents of SOB reactors resulted in the complete inhibition of the SOB activity within 1-2 h. The results demonstrated the successful application of an SOB bioassay as an online toxicity monitoring system for detecting pollutants from stream or river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedky H A Hassan
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-2-dong, Gangwondo, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea; Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, 72511, El-Kharga, Egypt
| | - Anup Gurung
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-2-dong, Gangwondo, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Kang
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-2-dong, Gangwondo, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Beom-Soo Shin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Mostafa Rahimnejad
- Biotechnology Research Lab., Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Noshirvani University, Babol, Iran
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-2-dong, Gangwondo, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea.
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7
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Ahmed N, Ok YS, Jeon BH, Kim JR, Chae KJ, Oh SE. Assessment of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX) toxicity in soil using sulfur-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) bioassay. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:651-657. [PMID: 30599323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated soil toxicity was performed using a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) assay. The experiments were set up using an individual pollutant in a 25-mL bottle sealed with a rubber stopper and aluminum cap since BTEX are volatile. A large headspace volume (14 mL) was kept in the reactors to provide enough oxygen for the SOB. Soil samples were spiked with BTEX compounds in the concentration range of 1-1000 mg/kg. In reactors without BTEX compounds, approximately 85% of the theoretically required oxygen was consumed. Whereas, the reactors with benzene consumed in the range of 82-64% (5-100 mg/kg), those with toluene consumed 76-53% (1-50 mg/kg), those with ethyl-benzene consumed 44-71% (5-100 mg/kg), and those with xylene consumed 64-71% (1-10 mg/kg) of the theoretically required oxygen. The effective concentrations responsible for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) for benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene detection were 130.2, 1.2, 15.2, and 0.7 mg/kg, respectively. These results suggest that this SOB-based bioassay can detect BTEX pollutants in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmed
- U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, 49112, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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8
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Nikoleli GP, Nikolelis DP, Siontorou CG, Karapetis S, Varzakas T. Novel Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants in Foods. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 84:57-102. [PMID: 29555073 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The modern environmental and food analysis requires sensitive, accurate, and rapid methods. The growing field of biosensors represents an answer to this demand. Unfortunately, most biosensor systems have been tested only on distilled water or buffered solutions, although applications to real samples are increasingly appearing in recent years. In this context, biosensors for potential food applications continue to show advances in areas such as genetic modification of enzymes and microorganisms, improvement of recognition element immobilization, and sensor interfaces. This chapter investigates the progress in the development of biosensors for the rapid detection of food toxicants for online applications. Recent progress in nanotechnology has produced affordable, mass-produced devices, and to integrate these into components and systems (including portable ones) for mass market applications for food toxicants monitoring. Sensing includes chemical and microbiological food toxicants, such as toxins, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, microorganisms, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms, phenolic compounds, allergens, genetically modified foods, hormones, dioxins, etc. Therefore, the state of the art of recent advances and future targets in the development of biosensors for food monitoring is summarized as follows: biosensors for food analysis will be highly sensitive, selective, rapidly responding, real time, massively parallel, with no or minimum sample preparation, and platform suited to portable and handheld nanosensors for the rapid detection of food toxicants for online uses even by nonskilled personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli
- Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina G Siontorou
- Laboratory of Simulation of Industrial Processes, School of Maritime and Industry, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Stephanos Karapetis
- Laboratory of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theo Varzakas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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9
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Yang SH, Cheng KC, Liao VHC. A novel approach for rapidly and cost-effectively assessing toxicity of toxic metals in acidic water using an acidophilic iron-oxidizing biosensor. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:446-452. [PMID: 28806672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by heavy metals and metalloids is a serious environmental and health concern. Acidic wastewaters are often associated with toxic metals which may enter and spread into agricultural soils. Several biological assays have been developed to detect toxic metals; however, most of them can only detect toxic metals in a neutral pH, not in an acidic environment. In this study, an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium (IOB) Strain Y10 was isolated, characterized, and used to detect toxic metals toxicity in acidic water at pH 2.5. The colorimetric acidophilic IOB biosensor was based on the inhibition of the iron oxidizing ability of Strain Y10, an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, by metals toxicity. Our results showed that Strain Y10 is acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium. Thiobacillus caldus medium (TCM) (pH 2.5) supplied with both S4O62- and glucose was the optimum growth medium for Strain Y10. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of Strain Y10 was 45 °C and pH 2.5, respectively. Our study demonstrates that the color-based acidophilic IOB biosensor can be semi-quantitatively observed by eye or quantitatively measured by spectrometer to detect toxicity from multiple toxic metals at pH 2.5 within 45 min. Our study shows that monitoring toxic metals in acidic water is possible by using the acidophilic IOB biosensor. Our study thus provides a novel approach for rapid and cost-effective detection of toxic metals in acidic conditions that can otherwise compromise current methods of chemical analysis. This method also allows for increased efficiency when screening large numbers of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chih Cheng
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Hassan SHA, Van Ginkel SW, Hussein MAM, Abskharon R, Oh SE. Toxicity assessment using different bioassays and microbial biosensors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:106-18. [PMID: 27071051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity assessment of water streams, wastewater, and contaminated sediments, is a very important part of environmental pollution monitoring. Evaluation of biological effects using a rapid, sensitive and cost effective method can indicate specific information on ecotoxicity assessment. Recently, different biological assays for toxicity assessment based on higher and lower organisms such as fish, invertebrates, plants and algal cells, and microbial bioassays have been used. This review focuses on microbial biosensors as an analytical device for environmental, food, and biomedical applications. Different techniques which are commonly used in microbial biosensing include amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, voltammetry, microbial fuel cells, fluorescence, bioluminescence, and colorimetry. Examples of the use of different microbial biosensors in assessing a variety of environments are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedky H A Hassan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, New Valley Branch, 72511 Al-Kharja, Egypt
| | - Steven W Van Ginkel
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Romany Abskharon
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIFO), 11516 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
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Hassan SHA, Van Ginkel SW, Oh SE. Effect of organics and alkalinity on the sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) biosensor. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:965-970. [PMID: 22840537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk assessment of toxic chemicals in stream water requires the use of a low cost standardized toxicity bioassay. Here, a biosensor for detection of toxic chemicals in stream water was studied using sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in continuous mode. The biosensor depends on the ability of SOB to oxidize sulfur particles under aerobic conditions to produce sulfuric acid. The reaction results in an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) and a decrease in pH. The biosensor is based on the inhibition of SOB in the presence of toxic chemicals by measuring changes in EC and pH. We found that the SOB biosensor can detect Cr(6+)at a low concentration (50 ppb) which is lower than many whole-cell biosensors. The effect of organic material in real stream water on SOB activity was studied. Due to the presence of mixotrophic SOB, we found that the presence of organic matter increases SOB activity which decreases the biosensor start up period. Low alkalinity (22 mg L(-1) CaCO(3)) increased effluent EC and decreased effluent pH which is optimal for biosensor operation. While at high alkalinity (820 mg L(-1) CaCO(3), the activity of SOB little decreased. We found that system can detect 50 ppb of Cr(6+) at low alkalinity (22 mg L(-1) CaCO(3)) in few hours while, complete inhibition was observed after 35 h of operation at high alkalinity (820 mg L(-1) CaCO(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedky H A Hassan
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-do, 200-701 Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Gurung A, Oh SE, Kim KD, Shin BS. Semi-continuous detection of toxic hexavalent chromium using a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria biosensor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 106:110-112. [PMID: 22647672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity testing is becoming a useful tool for environmental risk assessment. A biosensor based on the metabolic properties of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) has been applied for the detection of toxic chemicals in water. The methodology exploits the ability of SOB to oxidize elemental sulfur to sulfuric acid under aerobic conditions. The reaction results in an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) and a decrease in pH. Five hours after Cr(6+) was added to the SOB biosensor operated in semi-continuous mode (1 min rapid feeding and 29 min batch reaction), a decrease in effluent EC and an increase in pH (from 2-3 to 6) were detected due to Cr(6+) toxicity to SOB. The SOB biosensor is simple; it can detect toxic levels of Cr(6+) on the order of minutes to hours, a useful time scale for early warning detection systems designed to protect the environment from further degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Gurung
- Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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Hassan SHA, Van Ginkel SW, Oh SE. Detection of Cr6+ by the sulfur oxidizing bacteria biosensor: effect of different physical factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7844-7848. [PMID: 22703119 DOI: 10.1021/es301360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor based on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for detection of toxic chemicals in water was developed. SOB are acidophilic microorganisms that get their energy through the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds in the presence of oxygen to produce sulfuric acid. The reaction results in an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) and a decrease in pH. The bioassay is based on the inhibition of SOB in the presence of toxic chemicals by measuring changes in EC and pH. The effect of different physical factors such as HRT, inorganic sulfur (S°) particle size, and temperature on detection of Cr(6+) was studied. The detection of Cr(6+) (50 ppb) was improved by decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 30 to 10 min and increasing S° particle size from 1 to 4.75 mm. Detection time was shorter at 30 °C compared to 45 °C and the SOB were active over a wide range of temperatures with a maximum temperature for growth at 45 °C. This novel biosensor is simple, highly sensitive to low Cr(6+) concentrations (50 ppb), and also minimizes detection time. The present findings can be applied to the proper continuous screening of water ecosystem toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedky H A Hassan
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Gurung A, Hassan SHA, Oh SE. Assessing acute toxicity of effluent from a textile industry and nearby river waters using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in continuous mode. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1597-1604. [PMID: 22329151 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.545081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays are becoming an important tool for assessing the toxicity of complex mixtures of substances in aquatic environments in which Daphnia magna is routinely used as a test organism. Bioassays outweigh physicochemical analyses and are valuable in the decision-making process pertaining to the final discharge of effluents from wastewater treatment plants as they measure the total effect of the discharge which is ecologically relevant. In this study, the aquatic toxicity of a textile plant effluent and river water downstream from the plant were evaluated with sulfur-oxidizing bacterial biosensors in continuous mode. Collected samples were analysed for different physicochemical parameters and 1,4-dioxane was detected in the effluent. The effluent contained a relatively high chemical oxygen demand of 60 mg L(-1), which exceeded the limit set by the Korean government for industrial effluent discharges. Results showed that both the effluent and river waters were toxic to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. These results show the importance of incorporating bioassays to detect toxicity in wastewater effluents for the sustainable management of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Gurung
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University (KNU), Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Van Ginkel SW, Hassan SHA, Ok YS, Yang JE, Kim YS, Oh SE. Detecting oxidized contaminants in water using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:3739-3745. [PMID: 21417357 DOI: 10.1021/es1036892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For the rapid and reliable detection of oxidized contaminants (i.e., nitrite, nitrate, perchlorate, dichromate) in water, a novel toxicity detection methodology based on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) has been developed. The methodology exploits the ability of SOB to oxidize elemental sulfur to sulfuric acid in the presence of oxygen. The reaction results in an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) and a decrease in pH. When oxidized contaminants were added to the system, the effluent EC decreased and the pH increased due to the inhibition of the SOB. We found that the system can detect these contaminants in the 5-50 ppb range (in the case of NO(3)(-), 10 ppm was detected), which is lower than many whole-cell biosensors to date. At low pH, the oxidized contaminants are mostly in their acid or nonpolar, protonated form which act as uncouplers and make the SOB biosensor more sensitive than other whole-cell biosensors which operate at higher pH values where the contaminants exist as dissociated anions. The SOB biosensor can detect toxicity on the order of minutes to hours which can serve as an early warning so as to not pollute the environment and affect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Van Ginkel
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
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