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Paithankar JG, Gupta SC, Sharma A. Therapeutic potential of low dose ionizing radiation against cancer, dementia, and diabetes: evidences from epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2823-2834. [PMID: 36595119 PMCID: PMC9808703 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of ionizing radiation (IR)-based diagnostic and treatment methods has been linked to increasing chronic diseases among patients and healthcare professionals. However, multiple factors such as IR dose, dose-rate, and duration of exposure influence the IR-induced chronic effects. The predicted links between low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and health risks are controversial due to the non-availability of direct human studies. The studies pertaining to LDIR effects have importance in public health as exposure to background LDIR is routine. It has been anticipated that data from epidemiological and clinical reports and results of preclinical studies can resolve this controversy and help to clarify the notion of LDIR-associated health risks. Accumulating scientific literature shows reduced cancer risk, cancer-related deaths, curtailed neuro-impairments, improved neural functions, and reduced diabetes-related complications after LDIR exposure. In addition, it was found to alter evolutionarily conserved stress response pathways. However, the picture of molecular signaling pathways in LDIR responses is unclear. Besides, there is limited/no information on biomarkers of epidemiological LDIR exposure. Therefore, the present review discusses epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies on LDIR-induced positive effects in three chronic diseases (cancer, dementia, and diabetes) and their associated molecular mechanisms. The knowledge of LDIR response mechanisms may help to devise LDIR-based therapeutic modalities to stop disease progression. Modulation of these pathways may be helpful in developing radiation resistance among humans. However, more clinical evidence with additional biochemical, cellular, and molecular data and exploring the side effects of LDIR are the major areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. .,Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, 781001, India.
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Muñiz-González AB, Novo M, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Persistent pesticides: effects of endosulfan at the molecular level on the aquatic invertebrate Chironomus riparius. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31431-31446. [PMID: 33608783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although banned in multiple areas, due to its persistence in the environment, endosulfan constitutes a significant environmental concern. In this work, fourth instar Chironomus riparius larvae were exposed at environmentally relevant endosulfan concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L for 24 h to analyze the possible effects of this acaricide on gene expression and enzymatic activity. Transcriptional changes were studied through the implementation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction array with 42 genes related to several metabolic pathways (endocrine system, detoxification response, stress response, DNA reparation, and immune system). Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), phenoloxidase (PO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were assessed. The five pathways were differentially altered by endosulfan exposure with significant changes in the E93, Dis, MAPR, Met, InR, GSTd3, GSTt3, MRP1, hsp70, hsp40, hsp24, ATM, PARP, Proph, and Def genes. Besides, all of the measured enzymatic activities were modified, with increased activity of GST, followed by PO and AChE. In summary, the results reflected the effects provoked in C. riparius at molecular level despite the absence of lethality. These data raise concerns about the strong alteration on different metabolic routes despite the low concentrations used. Therefore, new risk assessment strategies should consider include the effects at the sub-organismal level as endpoints in addition to the classical ecologically relevant parameters (such as survival). This endeavor will facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of toxicants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Environmental Biology and Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematical and Fluid Physics, National University of Distance Education, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Novo
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution Department, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Environmental Biology and Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematical and Fluid Physics, National University of Distance Education, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Endocrine disruptors in teleosts: Evaluating environmental risks and biomarkers. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hussein MMA, Elsadaawy HA, El-Murr A, Ahmed MM, Bedawy AM, Tukur HA, Swelum AAA, Saadeldin IM. Endosulfan toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the use of lycopene as an ameliorative agent. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108573. [PMID: 31306802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endosulfan is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide that has been commercially in use for decades to control insect pests and has been found to pollute the aquatic environment. The current study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a freshwater fish, and the alleviating effects of lycopene on the induced toxicity. METHODS Four treatment groups of fish were investigated (3 replicates of 15 fish for each group): (1) a control group, (2) a group exposed to endosulfan, (3) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene, and (4) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene and exposed to endosulfan. The experiment was carried out over a 4-week period. RESULTS Endosulfan negatively affected liver function, including liver enzymes and plasma proteins. Endosulfan affected blood parameters of fish and reduced the counts of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), as well as affected immunological parameters. Endosulfan caused oxidative stress, as it decreased the values of antioxidants catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH), and increased the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, endosulfan increased cytochrome P450 (CYP450) levels, while it decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA transcript levels and distorted the normal histological structure of the liver, gills, and spleen of affected fish. Conversely, lycopene partially restored the aforementioned parameters when administered concomitantly with endosulfan. CONCLUSION The results showed the beneficial effects of supplementing fish diets with lycopene as a natural antioxidant for ameliorating the toxicity caused by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Hamad A Elsadaawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aya M Bedawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
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Morales-Prieto N, Ruiz-Laguna J, Sheehan D, Abril N. Transcriptome signatures of p,p´-DDE-induced liver damage in Mus spretus mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:150-167. [PMID: 29554563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) in some countries, although regulated, is contributing to an increased worldwide risk of exposure to this organochlorine pesticide or its derivative p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene]. Many studies have associated p,p'-DDE exposure to type 2 diabetes, obesity and alterations of the reproductive system, but their molecular mechanisms of toxicity remain poorly understood. We have addressed this issue by using commercial microarrays based on probes for the entire Mus musculus genome to determine the hepatic transcriptional signatures of p,p'-DDE in the phylogenetically close mouse species Mus spretus. High-stringency hybridization conditions and analysis assured reliable results, which were also verified, in part, by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and/or enzymatic activity. Our data linked 198 deregulated genes to mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbations of central signaling pathways (kinases, lipids, and retinoic acid) leading to enhanced lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, cell proliferation and testosterone catabolism and excretion. Alterations of transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in testosterone catabolism and excretion would explain the relationships established between p,p´-DDE exposure and reproductive disorders, obesity and diabetes. Further studies will help to fully understand the molecular basis of p,p´-DDE molecular toxicity in liver and reproductive organs, to identify effective exposure biomarkers and perhaps to design efficient p,p'-DDE exposure counteractive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz-Laguna
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Sheehan
- College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Genome-wide gene expression changes associated with exposure of rat liver, heart, and kidney cells to endosulfan. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:244-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rajak P, Dutta M, Khatun S, Mandi M, Roy S. Exploring hazards of acute exposure of Acephate in Drosophila melanogaster and search for l-ascorbic acid mediated defense in it. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:690-702. [PMID: 27701059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals protective role of l-ascorbic acid (25, 50 and 100μg/mL) against toxic impacts of acute sub-lethal exposure of Acephate (5μg/mL) in a non-target organism Drosophila melanogaster. Organismal effect was evident from increased impairment in climbing activities (9 folds) of treated individuals who also manifested altered ocular architecture. These anomalies were reduced with l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) supplementation. Acephate induced apoptotic lesions in eye imaginal discs and gut confirmed tissue damage that also reduced with l-AA co-treatment. Reduction in viability of fat body cells (∼41%), neural cells (∼42%) and hemocytes (3 folds) indicates cytotoxic and immunotoxic potential of Acephate, which were significantly mitigated with l-AA co-administration. The sub-cellular toxic impacts of Acephate treatment became obvious from enhancement in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT by ∼1.63 folds, SOD by ∼1.32 folds), detoxifying enzymes (Cyp450 by ∼1.99 folds and GST by ∼1.34 folds), 2.1 times boost in HSP 70 expression, and inhibition of cholinesterase activity (by ∼0.66 folds). DNA breaks evident through comet assay confirmed Acephate triggered genotoxicity which could also be prevented through co-administration of. L-AA Furthermore, the study proposes the use of Drosophila as a model to screen chemicals for their protective potential against pesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, ABN Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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Ullah S, Begum M, Ahmad S, Dhama K. Genotoxic Effect of Endosulfan at Sublethal Concentrations in
Mori (Cirrhinus mrigala) Fish Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
(Comet) Assay. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.169.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Moskalev A, Zhikrivetskaya S, Krasnov G, Shaposhnikov M, Proshkina E, Borisoglebsky D, Danilov A, Peregudova D, Sharapova I, Dobrovolskaya E, Solovev I, Zemskaya N, Shilova L, Snezhkina A, Kudryavtseva A. A comparison of the transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster in response to entomopathogenic fungus, ionizing radiation, starvation and cold shock. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 13:S8. [PMID: 26694630 PMCID: PMC4686790 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s13-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms that determine the organism's response to a variety of doses and modalities of stress factors are not well understood. Results We studied effects of ionizing radiation (144, 360 and 864 Gy), entomopathogenic fungus (10 and 100 CFU), starvation (16 h), and cold shock (+4, 0 and -4°C) on an organism's viability indicators (survival and locomotor activity) and transcriptome changes in the Drosophila melanogaster model. All stress factors but cold shock resulted in a decrease of lifespan proportional to the dose of treatment. However, stress-factors affected locomotor activity without correlation with lifespan. Our data revealed both significant similarities and differences in differential gene expression and the activity of biological processes under the influence of stress factors. Conclusions Studied doses of stress treatments deleteriously affect the organism's viability and lead to different changes of both general and specific cellular stress response mechanisms.
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Gandhi D, Tarale P, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Krishnamurthi K, Arrigo P, Saravanadevi S. An integrated genomic and proteomic approach to identify signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 125:8-16. [PMID: 26615145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Present study reports the identification of genomic and proteomic signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). HepG2 cells were exposed to sublethal concentration (15μM) of endosulfan for 24h. DNA microarray and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses revealed that endosulfan induced significant alterations in the expression level of genes and proteins involved in multiple cellular pathways (apoptosis, transcription, immune/inflammatory response, carbohydrate metabolism, etc.). Furthermore, downregulation of PHLDA gene, upregulation of ACIN1 protein and caspase-3 activation in exposed cells indicated that endosulfan can trigger apoptotic cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In total 135 transcripts and 19 proteins were differentially expressed. This study presents an integrated approach to identify the alteration of biological/cellular pathways in HepG2 cells upon endosulfan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gandhi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Prashant Tarale
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | | | - Sivanesan Saravanadevi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India.
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Pandey A, Khatoon R, Saini S, Vimal D, Patel DK, Narayan G, Chowdhuri DK. Efficacy of methuselah gene mutation toward tolerance of dichlorvos exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:54-65. [PMID: 25746179 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse reports on the exposure of organisms to dichlorvos (DDVP; an organophosphate insecticide) necessitate studies of organismal resistance/tolerance by way of pharmacological or genetic means. In the context of genetic modulation, a mutation in methuselah (mth; encodes a class II G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)) is reported to extend (~35%) the life span of Drosophila melanogaster and enhance their resistance to oxidative stress induced by paraquat exposure (short term, high level). A lack of studies on organismal tolerance of DDVP by genetic modulation prompted us to examine the protective efficacy of mth mutation in exposed Drosophila. Flies were exposed to 1.5 and 15.0 ng/ml DDVP for 12-48 h to examine oxidative stress endpoints and chemical resistance. After prolonged exposure of flies to DDVP, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress, glutathione content, and locomotor performance were assayed at various days (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50) of age. Flies with the mth mutation (mth(1)) showed improved chemical resistance and rescued redox impairment after acute DDVP exposure. Exposed mth(1) flies exhibited improved life span along with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and rescued oxidative perturbations and locomotor insufficiency up to middle age (~20 days) over similarly exposed w(1118) flies. However, at late (≥30 days) age, these benefits were undermined. Further, similarly exposed mth-knockdown flies showed effects similar to those observed in mth(1) flies. This study provides evidence of tolerance in organisms carrying a mth mutation against prolonged DDVP exposure and further warrants examination of similar class II GPCR signaling facets toward better organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehana Khatoon
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Vimal
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India; Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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Coelho A, Fraichard S, Le Goff G, Faure P, Artur Y, Ferveur JF, Heydel JM. Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of caffeine in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117328. [PMID: 25671424 PMCID: PMC4324904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine), an alkaloid produced by plants, has antioxidant and insecticide properties that can affect metabolism and cognition. In vertebrates, the metabolites derived from caffeine have been identified, and their functions have been characterized. However, the metabolites of caffeine in insects remain unknown. Thus, using radiolabelled caffeine, we have identified some of the primary caffeine metabolites produced in the body of Drosophila melanogaster males, including theobromine, paraxanthine and theophylline. In contrast to mammals, theobromine was the predominant metabolite (paraxanthine in humans; theophylline in monkeys; 1, 3, 7-trimethyluric acid in rodents). A transcriptomic screen of Drosophila flies exposed to caffeine revealed the coordinated variation of a large set of genes that encode xenobiotic-metabolizing proteins, including several cytochromes P450s (CYPs) that were highly overexpressed. Flies treated with metyrapone—an inhibitor of CYP enzymes—showed dramatically decreased caffeine metabolism, indicating that CYPs are involved in this process. Using interference RNA genetic silencing, we measured the metabolic and transcriptomic effect of three candidate CYPs. Silencing of CYP6d5 completely abolished theobromine synthesis, whereas CYP6a8 and CYP12d1 silencing induced different consequences on metabolism and gene expression. Therefore, we characterized several metabolic products and some enzymes potentially involved in the degradation of caffeine. In conclusion, this pioneer approach to caffeine metabolism in insects opens novel perspectives for the investigation of the physiological effects of caffeine metabolites. It also indicates that caffeine could be used as a biomarker to evaluate CYP phenotypes in Drosophila and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Coelho
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stephane Fraichard
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- INRA, CNRS, UNSA, UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yves Artur
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
- * E-mail: (JMH); (JFF)
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
- * E-mail: (JMH); (JFF)
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Drosophila Small Heat Shock Proteins: An Update on Their Features and Functions. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shukla AK, Ratnasekhar C, Pragya P, Chaouhan HS, Patel DK, Chowdhuri DK, Mudiam MKR. Metabolomic Analysis Provides Insights on Paraquat-Induced Parkinson-Like Symptoms in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:254-269. [PMID: 25428622 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) exposure causes degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in an exposed organism while altered metabolism has a role in various neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the study presented here was conceived to depict the role of altered metabolism in PQ-induced Parkinson-like symptoms and to explore Drosophila as a potential model organism for such studies. Metabolic profile was generated in control and in flies that were fed PQ (5, 10, and 20 mM) in the diet for 12 and 24 h concurrent with assessment of indices of oxidative stress, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and behavioral alteration. PQ was found to significantly alter 24 metabolites belonging to different biological pathways along with significant alterations in the above indices. In addition, PQ attenuated brain dopamine content in the exposed organism. The study demonstrates that PQ-induced alteration in the metabolites leads to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the exposed organism along with movement disorder, a phenotype typical of Parkinson-like symptoms. The study is relevant in the context of Drosophila and humans because similar alteration in the metabolic pathways has been observed in both PQ-exposed Drosophila and in postmortem samples of patients with Parkinsonism. Furthermore, this study provides advocacy towards the applicability of Drosophila as an alternate model organism for pre-screening of environmental chemicals for their neurodegenerative potential with altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Shukla
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ch Ratnasekhar
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Prakash Pragya
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hitesh Singh Chaouhan
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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15
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Bauer M, Greenwood SJ, Clark KF, Jackman P, Fairchild W. Analysis of gene expression in Homarus americanus larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan during metamorphosis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2013; 8:300-8. [PMID: 24041715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticide runoff has been suspected as the cause of numerous fish kills in rivers throughout Prince Edward Island but the impact on the surrounding marine environment is unknown. Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is a potent neurotoxin and molt inhibitor used to combat the Colorado potato beetle however it has the potential to affect non-target organisms including the American lobster (Homarus americanus). Metamorphosis is a critical stage of development and the effects of contaminant exposure during this time are largely unknown in lobster. A 14day endosulfan exposure was performed to identify the effects on survival, development and gene expression in lobster larvae during metamorphosis; all of which were predicted to be negatively impacted. The higher endosulfan concentrations resulted in greater mortality and a significant increase in the number of days required to reach metamorphosis in surviving animals. A custom made H. americanus microarray was used for monitoring the changes in expression of 14,592 genes at the termination of the exposure. Genes with >1.5 fold change and identified as being significant at p<0.05 using one-way ANOVA were selected for further analysis. A total of 707 genes were identified as being significantly differentiated, however with only ~40% annotation of the array, the majority of these genes were unknown. Annotated genes of interest were involved in many processes: development, metabolism, immunity and oxidative stress response and gene regulation. Nine genes of interest (histone H1, farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase, cuticle protein, glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, NADH dehydrogenase, ecdysone nuclear receptor Fushi tarazu F1 (FTZ-F1), ferritin and ecdysone inducible protein E75 (EIP-E75)) were selected for RT-qPCR validation of the microarray results. The RT-qPCR method was more sensitive than the microarray yet detected similar expression patterns. The two highest endosulfan concentrations resulted in increased mortalities, developmental delays in reaching metamorphosis and significant changes in gene expression. This research provides a foundation for using microarray gene expression profiles as screening tools for exploring the impact of environmental contaminants on lobster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; AVC Lobster Science Centre, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; Atlantic Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Environment Canada, P.O. Box 23005 443 University Ave, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
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16
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Pandey A, Chandra S, Chauhan LKS, Narayan G, Chowdhuri DK. Cellular internalization and stress response of ingested amorphous silica nanoparticles in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2256-66. [PMID: 23046978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSNPs) are used for various applications including food industry. However, limited in vivo studies are available on absorption/internalization of ingested aSNPs in the midgut cells of an organism. The study aims to examine cellular uptake of aSNPs (<30nm) in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) owing to similarities between the midgut tissue of this organism and human and subsequently cellular stress response generated by these nanoparticles. METHODS Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster were exposed orally to 1-100μg/mL of aSNPs for 12-36h and oxidative stress (OS), heat shock genes (hsgs), membrane destabilization (Acridine orange/Ethidium Bromide staining), cellular internalization (TEM) and apoptosis endpoints. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in OS endpoints in the midgut cells of exposed Drosophila in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Significantly increased expression of hsp70 and hsp22 along with caspases activation, membrane destabilization and mitochondrial membrane potential loss was also observed. TEM analysis showed aSNPs-uptake in the midgut cells of exposed Drosophila via endocytic vesicles and by direct membrane penetration. CONCLUSION aSNPs after their internalization in the midgut cells of exposed Drosophila larvae show membrane destabilization along with increased cellular stress and cell death. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Ingested aSNPs show adverse effects on the cells of GI tract of the exposed organism thus their industrial use as a food-additive may raise concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Sharma A, Mishra M, Shukla AK, Kumar R, Abdin MZ, Chowdhuri DK. Organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan induced cellular and organismal response in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 221-222:275-287. [PMID: 22579458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of endosulfan (0.02-2.0μgmL(-1)) to Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) at the cellular and organismal levels was examined. Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster and the strains transgenic for hsp70, hsp83 and hsp26 were exposed to endosulfan through food for 12-48h to examine the heat shock proteins (hsps), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, anti-oxidant stress markers and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. We observed a concentration- and time-dependent significant induction of only small hsps (hsp23>hsp22) in the exposed organism in concurrence with a significant induction of ROS generation, oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism markers. Sub-organismal response was to be propagated towards organismal response, i.e., delay in the emergence of flies and decreased locomotor behaviour. Organisms with diminished locomotion also exhibited significantly lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. A significant positive correlation observed among ROS generation and different cellular endpoints (small hsps, oxidative stress markers, cytochrome P450 activities) in the exposed organism indicate a modulatory role of ROS in endosulfan-mediated cellular toxicity. The study thus suggests that the adverse effects of endosulfan in exposed Drosophila are manifested both at cellular and organismal levels and recommends Drosophila as an alternative animal model for screening the risk caused by environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Eastep NE, Albert RE, Anderson JR. Modulation of La Crosse Virus Infection in Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes Following Larval Exposure to Coffee Extracts. Front Physiol 2012; 3:66. [PMID: 22470349 PMCID: PMC3314198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne La Crosse virus (LACV; Family Bunyaviridae) may cause encephalitis, primarily in children, and is distributed throughout much of the eastern United States. No antivirals or vaccines are available for LACV, or most other mosquito-borne viruses, and prevention generally relies on mosquito control. We sought to determine whether coffee extracts could interfere with LACV replication and vector mosquito development. Both regular and decaffeinated coffee demonstrated significant reductions in LACV replication in direct antiviral assays. This activity was not due to the presence of caffeine, which did not inhibit the virus life cycle. Aedes albopictus (Skuse; Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae suffered near total mortality when reared in high concentrations of regular and decaffeinated coffee and in caffeine. Following larval exposure to sublethal coffee concentrations, adult A. albopictus mosquitoes had significantly reduced whole-body LACV titers 5 days post-infection, compared to larvae reared in distilled water. These results suggest that it may be possible to both control mosquito populations and alter the vector competence of mosquitoes for arthropod-borne viruses by introducing antiviral compounds into the larval habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Eastep
- Radford Arbovirus and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Radford University Radford, VA, USA
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