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Sasaki T, Hara K, Tanemura K. Early-life exposure to acephate inhibits sexual development and induces testicular and ovarian toxicity in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108472. [PMID: 37717670 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that exerts its toxicity by acting on the nervous system of insects. In addition to its action on the mammalian nervous system, acephate can also induce endocrine disruption of the reproductive system in mammals. However, the effects of acephate on sexual maturation and ovary development remain unclear. This study evaluated whether early-life exposure to acephate negatively impacts the male and female sexual maturation process and mature reproductive tissues. C57BL/6N mice were exposed to acephate (0, 0.3, 300 ppm) in drinking water from embryonic day 11.5 to ablactation, when the pups were four weeks old. Both sexes in the high-dose group experienced an early postnatal growth deficit, while females in the low-dose group continued to gain weight until 10 weeks of age. Exposure to acephate altered the anogenital index in females. Furthermore, preputial separation and vaginal opening were delayed in the high-dose group. At maturity, the weight of the seminal vesicles was decreased in the high-dose group. All treated groups exhibited increased vacuolation, accumulation of residual bodies, and degeneration in the testes. Furthermore, follicle regression was observed, and the healthy follicle number at each developmental stage was decreased in all treated groups. These results are probably due to the inhibition of the regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and direct toxicity to reproductive organs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that early-life exposure to acephate in mice may disrupt normal postnatal development, postpone puberty onset, and adversely affect reproductive functions during the reproductive period in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
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2
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Weng S, Tang L, Qiu M, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhu R, Wang C, Li P, Sha W, Liang D. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy charged probes under inverted superhydrophobic platform for detection of agricultural chemicals residues in rice combined with lightweight deep learning network. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1262:341264. [PMID: 37179059 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) charged probes and an inverted superhydrophobic platform were used to develop a detection method for agricultural chemicals residues (ACRs) in rice combined with lightweight deep learning network. First, positively and negatively charged probes were prepared to adsorb ACRs molecules to SERS substrate. An inverted superhydrophobic platform was prepared to alleviate the coffee ring effect and induce tight self-assembly of nanoparticles for high sensitivity. Chlormequat chloride of 15.5-0.05 mg/L and acephate of 100.2-0.2 mg/L in rice were measured with the relative standard deviation of 4.15% and 6.25%. SqueezeNet were used to develop regression models for the analysis of chlormequat chloride and acephate. And the excellent performances were obtained with the coefficients of determination of prediction of 0.9836 and 0.9826 and root-mean-square errors of prediction of 0.49 and 4.08. Therefore, the proposed method can realize sensitive and accurate detection of ACRs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuang Weng
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Qiu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sha
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Cao X, Guo Y, Zhao M, Li J, Wang C, Xia J, Zou T, Wang Z. An efficient multi-enzyme cascade platform based on mesoporous metal-organic frameworks for the detection of organophosphorus and glucose. Food Chem 2022; 381:132282. [PMID: 35176684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient colorimetric detection platform based on multi-enzyme cascade has been developed for detection of organophosphorus. Firstly, the dual-enzyme platform was prepared and applied for sensitive glucose detection (detection limit 0.32 μM). And then three enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase, horseradish peroxidase and choline oxidase were encapsulated in cruciate flower-like zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (CF-ZIF-8) through one-step co-precipitation to construct detection platform with acetylcholine chloride as substrate. The acephate inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase, obstructed the cascade reaction and reduced the production of H2O2, resulting in the changes of color intensity for the colorimetric detection. With suitable size and porous structure, CF-ZIF-8 provided a good microenvironment for guaranteeing the activity and spatial proximity of enzymes. The multi-enzyme platform displayed great performances with the detection limit of 0.23 nM for acephate. It was applied to the detection of acephate in Chinese cabbage and romaine, verifying the practicability of this platform.
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Lin Z, Pang S, Zhou Z, Wu X, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang W, Lei Q, Bhatt P, Mishra S, Chen S. Novel pathway of acephate degradation by the microbial consortium ZQ01 and its potential for environmental bioremediation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 426:127841. [PMID: 34844804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbial degradation of acephate in pure cultures has been thoroughly explored, but synergistic metabolism at the community level has rarely been investigated. Here, we report a novel microbial consortium, ZQ01, capable of effectively degrading acephate and its toxic product methamidophos, which can use acephate as a source of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen. The degradation conditions with consortium ZQ01 were optimized using response surface methodology at a temperature of 34.1 °C, a pH of 8.9, and an inoculum size of 2.4 × 108 CFU·mL-1, with 89.5% of 200 mg L-1 acephate degradation observed within 32 h. According to the main products methamidophos, acetamide and acetic acid, a novel degradation pathway for acephate was proposed to include hydrolysis and oxidation as the main pathways of acephate degradation. Moreover, the bioaugmentation of acephate-contaminated soils with consortium ZQ01 significantly enhanced the removal rate of acephate. The results of the present work demonstrate the potential of microbial consortium ZQ01 to degrade acephate in water and soil environments, with a different and complementary acephate degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wu J, Li X, Hou R, Zhao K, Wang Y, Huang S, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Examination of acephate absorption, transport, and accumulation in maize after root irrigation for Spodoptera frugiperda control. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:57361-57371. [PMID: 34091843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the invasion of the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda) in China in January 2019, damage to maize crops has gradually intensified, and chemical control has become the main control measure. This study aimed to examine methods of effective pest control while monitoring the environmental impact of pesticide use. The effectiveness of S. frugiperda pest control by foliar spraying and root irrigation of maize plants with acephate was determined, and the absorption, distribution, and dissipation of acephate and methamidophos by maize were studied. Field trials showed that acephate treatment at 6000 g a.i. ha-1 was the most effective for controlling S. frugiperda. Acephate and methamidophos were absorbed from the roots, transported upward, and concentrated in the leaves, particularly new leaves. The terminal residues of acephate and methamidophos in maize grains were below detectable levels at 60 days after treatment. The results demonstrate that acephate treatment via root irrigation can more effectively control the infestation of S. frugiperda in maize than acephate treatment via foliar spraying. The translocation and distribution of acephate and methamidophos by root irrigation were more uniform, and the holding efficiency was higher than those in foliar spraying, suggesting an extended period of control efficacy. This pest control method could be utilized to reduce pesticide residues while safely and efficiently controlling S. frugiperda infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyingzi Wu
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianjia Li
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruiquan Hou
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kunyu Zhao
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suqing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Badakhshan R, Mohammadi M, Farnoosh G. Improving the specificity of organophosphorus hydrolase to acephate by mutagenesis at its binding site: a computational study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:164. [PMID: 33970322 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is one of the most important enzymes in order to bioremediation of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. OPH is capable of degrading a wide variety of OPs, but it has poor specificity to OPs with P-S bond, including acephate. Given that the binding site residues of OPH determine its substrate specificity, this study was carried out to find the best OPH mutants containing a single point mutation in the binding site that possess improved specificity to acephate. Hence, we generated all possible mutant models and performed molecular docking of acephate with wild-type OPH (OPH-WT) and its mutants. After that, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of OPH-WT and the best mutants, according to the docking results, were performed in both apo- and complex with acephate forms. Docking results signified that 51 out of 228 mutants possessed increased binding affinities to acephate, as compared to OPH-WT. Of them, W131N, W131G, and H254Y were the best mutants considering the high binding affinities and proper orientation of the ligand at their active sites. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the three mutants in both apo- and complex with acephate forms and also showed that these formed more stable complexes with acephate, as compared to OPH-WT. MD results also suggested that W131N and W131G, in addition to enhanced specificity, could keep the necessary configuration for acephate hydrolysis during the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badakhshan
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Garcia MS, Cavalcante DNDC, Araújo Santiago MDS, de Medeiros PDC, do Nascimento CC, Fonseca GFC, Le Sueur-Maluf L, Perobelli JE. Reproductive toxicity in male juvenile rats: Antagonistic effects between isolated agrochemicals and in binary or ternary combinations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111766. [PMID: 33348257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The management of agrochemicals in Brazilian agriculture impacts global environmental sustainability and food security, since this country is one of the major agro-food exporters in the world. Acephate, carbendazim, and dithiocarbamates (DTCs) such as mancozeb, are among the most detected agrochemicals in Brazilian agro-food products, occurring in combination in several crops, especially in fruit cultures. The present study evaluated the impact of the exposure to isolated agrochemicals and all the combined possible mixtures (binary and ternary forms) on the reproductive parameters of male juvenile rats, known to be a vulnerable biological system and developmental window. Data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models (GzLM), considering each agrochemical as an independent factor. The study revealed higher reproductive toxicity exerted by isolated agrochemicals when compared to the combined treatments, which exhibited mostly an antagonistic effect. Results suggest endocrine disruptive effects of each one separately on the weight of reproductive organs and testicular histomorphometry, besides changes in testicular SOD activity. The full factorial experimental design employed here allowed us to conclude that it is not possible to scale-up the effects of the isolated treatments to the mixtures, showing how difficult it is to know beforehand the response and cross-talk among the multiple physiological mechanisms disturbed by complex mixtures. Considering that food products are shared on a global scale and that some of these three agrochemicals have already been prohibited in EU countries, the consumption of some Brazilian products puts global human health at risk, that of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões Garcia
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paloma Da Cunha de Medeiros
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Le Sueur-Maluf
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Ren J, Wang C, Huhetaoli, Li C, Fan B, Niu D. Biodegradation of acephate by Bacillus paramycoides NDZ and its degradation pathway. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:155. [PMID: 32951077 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acephate is widely used in agriculture, but its poisonous metabolites and poor sorption characteristics make it a serious environmental pollutant and toxicant to human health. To screen novel bacteria for biodegradation of acephate and uncover its degradation pathway, a strain called NDZ that is capable of utilizing acephate as a sole carbon and energy source was isolated from severely contaminated cultivated land. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus paramycoides based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The growth and degradation capacities of B. paramycoides NDZ under different conditions were studied using optical density at 600 nm (OD600) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that B. paramycoides NDZ can grow well with acephate as its sole carbon source (OD600 = 0.76), and degraded about 76% of acephate in mineral salt medium with an initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 48 h. The results of response surface methodology revealed the optimal conditions for degradation was 36 ℃ and pH 6.85 with 526 mg/L acephate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that methamidophos was the main metabolite of B. paramycoides NDZ, different from the degradation products of high-temperature steam (121 °C, 103 kPa). Based on the detection of this intermediate, we inferred that acephate was degraded to methamidophos through hydrolysis of the amide linkage, after which methamidophos was degraded to some small molecules, which can be metabolized easily by the bacterium. In summary, B. paramycoides NDZ is a potentially useful bacterium for acephate degradation and remediation of contaminated soils.
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Wang Y, Dong Y, Wu S, Zhu Q, Li X, Liu S, Huang T, Li H, Ge RS. Acephate interferes with androgen synthesis in rat immature Leydig cells. Chemosphere 2020; 245:125597. [PMID: 31864041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphate pesticide. It is widely used. However, whether it inhibits androgen synthesis and metabolism remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of acephate on the inhibition of androgen synthetic and metabolic pathways in rat immature Leydig cells after 3-h culture. Acephate inhibited basal androgen output in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibition starting at 0.5 μM. It significantly inhibited luteinizing hormone and 8-Br-cAMP stimulated androgen output at 50 μM. It significantly inhibited progesterone-mediated androgen output at 50 μM. Further study demonstrated that acephate down-regulated the expression of Hsd3b1 and its protein at ≥ 0.5 μM, Lhcgr at 5 μM and Star at 50 μM. Acephate directly blocked rat testicular HSD3B1 activity at 50 μM. Acephate did not affect other androgen synthetic and metabolic enzyme activities as well as ROS production, proliferation, and apoptosis of immature Leydig cells. In conclusion, acephate targets LHCGR, STAR, and HSD3B1, thus blocking androgen synthesis in rat immature Leydig cells and HSD3B1 is being the most sensitive target of acephate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Yaoyao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Siwen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325003, China.
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Sampaio CF, Prates KV, Siervo GEML, Mathias PCDF, Fernandes GSA. Impairment of testicular development in rats exposed to acephate during maternal gestation and lactation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:5482-5488. [PMID: 31853845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acephate is an organophosphate insecticide that disrupts the endocrine system and impairs the male reproductive system. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to acephate during maternal gestation and lactation histologically damages the testes of male Wistar rats in adulthood. For this study, adult Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: ACE-mother, (2.5 mg/kg/bw, gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 21) and oil-mother (corn oil (control), GD 7 to PND 21). The male offspring (PND 90) were euthanized, and the prostates and testes were collected and weighed. The testes were utilized for histopathological analyses and to determine the sperm count. A spermatogenesis kinetic analysis revealed an increased number of seminiferous tubules in stages I-VI in the ACE-mother group. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the epithelium and the diameters of the evaluated seminiferous tubules and in the number of Sertoli cells in the group exposed to acephate. The sperm count analysis showed no difference between the groups. We conclude that maternal exposure to the pesticide acephate did not affect testicular function, but led to the impairment of testicular development and morphology of the tissue in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira Sampaio
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá - UEM, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cézar de Freitas Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá - UEM, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Takayasu T, Yamamoto H, Ishida Y, Nosaka M, Kuninaka Y, Shimada E, Kawaguchi M, Kimura A, Kondo T. Postmortem distribution of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in body fluids and organ tissues of an intoxication case. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 300:e38-e43. [PMID: 31000354 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We herein report an intoxication case caused by the ingestion of the pesticide Ortoran®, which consists of 50% acephate aqueous solution. A man in his 60 s was found dead in his car with a 100-mL bottle containing approximately 50 mL of Ortoran®. In a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening test, acephate and its metabolite methamidophos were qualitatively detected in his stomach contents. The amounts of acephate and methamidophos (μg/g) in the extract of each body fluid or organ tissue were measured using GC-MS and were as follows: 35.8, 2.84 (heart blood); 44.0, 2.26 (peripheral blood); 2,240, 2.79 (urine); 53.1, 8.91 (brain occipital lobe); 43.7, 2.95 (liver); 102.3, 8.02 (right kidney); and 5450, 22.9 (stomach contents). Based on these results and autopsy findings, the cause of death was concluded to be acute fatal intoxication caused by the pesticide containing acephate and its active metabolite, methamidophos. Concentration ratios between acephate and methamidophos in each body fluid and organ tissue showed higher relative concentrations of brain methamidophos to acephate than those of other organ tissues. A high relative concentration of brain methamidophos may contribute to the intoxication of acephate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Takayasu
- Forensic Toxicology Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Emi Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mariko Kawaguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Huang Y, Zhao R, Hung Y, Gao H, Zhang P, Wang Y, Sun M, Liu D, Wang S. The mechanisms and process of acephate degradation by hydroxyl radical and hydrated electron. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:226-233. [PMID: 29472769 PMCID: PMC5816013 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation process of acephate in aqueous solution with •OH and eaq− produced by 60Co-γ irradiation and electron pulse radiolysis was studied in the present paper. In the aqueous solution, acephate reacted with eaq− and transformed to transient species which can absorb weakly in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm and decay very fast. According to the decay of hydrated electron, the reaction rate constant of eaq− and acephate is (3.51 ± 0.076) × 109 dm3·mol−1·s−1. The transient species produced in the reaction of •OH and acephate do not distinctly absorb the light in the wavelength range of 300–700 nm, so the decay and kinetics of the transient species cannot determinedirectly. The competing reaction of KSCN oracephate with •OH were studied to obtain the reaction rate constant of •OH and acephate, which is (9.1 ± 0.11) × 108 dm3·mol−1·s−1. Although acetylamide and inorganic ions were determined in the products of the reaction of acephate with •OH or eaq−, the concentration of inorganic ions in the products of the reaction of acephate with •OH is higher than that in the product of the reaction of acephate with eaq−. Moreover, there were sulfide in the products of the reaction of acephatewith eaq−. The degradation pathways of acephate by •OH and eaq− were also proposed based on the products from GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Renbang Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yencon Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, USA
| | - Huiyu Gao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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Singh S, Kumar V, Upadhyay N, Singh J, Singla S, Datta S. Efficient biodegradation of acephate by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes PS-5 in the presence and absence of heavy metal ions [Cu(II) and Fe(III)], and humic acid. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:262. [PMID: 28744429 PMCID: PMC5524630 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was intended to investigate the biodegradation of acephate in aqueous media in the presence and in the absence of metal ions [Fe(III) and Cu(II)], and humic acid (HA). Biodegradations were performed using Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes PS-5 (PS-5) isolated from the heavy metal polluted site. Biodegradations were monitored by UV-Visible, FTIR, and electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses. ESI-MS analysis revealed that PS-5 degraded acephate to two metabolites showing intense ions at mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) 62 and 97. The observed kinetic was the pseudo-first order, and half-life periods (t1/2) were 2.79 d-1 (of PS-5 + acephate), 3.45 d-1 [of PS-5 + acephate + Fe(III)], 3.16 d-1 [of PS-5 + acephate + Cu(II)], and 5.54 d-1 (of PS-5 + acephate + HA). A significant decrease in degradation rate of acephate was noticed in the presence of HA, and the same was confirmed by UV-Visible and TGA analyses. Strong aggregation behavior of acephate with humic acid in aqueous media was the major cause behind the slow degradation rate of acephate . New results on acephate metabolism by strain PS-5 in the presence and in the absence of metal ions [Fe(III) and Cu(II)] and humic acid were obtained. Results confirmed that Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain PS-5 was capable of mineralization of the acephate without formation of toxic metabolite methamidophos. More significantly, the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain PS-5 could be useful as potential biological agents in effective bioremediation campaign for multi-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Pesticides Testing Laboratory, Chandigarh, 160030 India
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474009 India
| | - Niraj Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 462007 India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144002 India
| | - Sourav Singla
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144002 India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144002 India
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Rajak P, Dutta M, Khatun S, Mandi M, Roy S. Exploring hazards of acute exposure of Acephate in Drosophila melanogaster and search for l-ascorbic acid mediated defense in it. J Hazard Mater 2017; 321:690-702. [PMID: 27701059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals protective role of l-ascorbic acid (25, 50 and 100μg/mL) against toxic impacts of acute sub-lethal exposure of Acephate (5μg/mL) in a non-target organism Drosophila melanogaster. Organismal effect was evident from increased impairment in climbing activities (9 folds) of treated individuals who also manifested altered ocular architecture. These anomalies were reduced with l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) supplementation. Acephate induced apoptotic lesions in eye imaginal discs and gut confirmed tissue damage that also reduced with l-AA co-treatment. Reduction in viability of fat body cells (∼41%), neural cells (∼42%) and hemocytes (3 folds) indicates cytotoxic and immunotoxic potential of Acephate, which were significantly mitigated with l-AA co-administration. The sub-cellular toxic impacts of Acephate treatment became obvious from enhancement in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT by ∼1.63 folds, SOD by ∼1.32 folds), detoxifying enzymes (Cyp450 by ∼1.99 folds and GST by ∼1.34 folds), 2.1 times boost in HSP 70 expression, and inhibition of cholinesterase activity (by ∼0.66 folds). DNA breaks evident through comet assay confirmed Acephate triggered genotoxicity which could also be prevented through co-administration of. L-AA Furthermore, the study proposes the use of Drosophila as a model to screen chemicals for their protective potential against pesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, ABN Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Ribeiro TA, Prates KV, Pavanello A, Malta A, Tófolo LP, Martins IP, Oliveira JCD, Miranda RA, Gomes RM, Vieira E, Franco CCDS, Barella LF, Francisco FA, Alves VS, Silveira SDS, Moreira VM, Fabricio GS, Palma-Rigo K, Sloboda DM, Mathias PCDF. Acephate exposure during a perinatal life program to type 2 diabetes. Toxicology 2016; 372:12-21. [PMID: 27765684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acephate has been used extensively as an insecticide in agriculture. Its downstream sequelae are associated with hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism dysfunction, DNA damage, and cancer, which are rapidly growing epidemics and which lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates and soaring health-care costs. Developing interventions will require a comprehensive understanding of which excess insecticides during perinatal life can cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A Wistar rat animal model suggests that acephate exposure during pregnancy and lactation causes alterations in maternal glucose metabolism and programs the offspring to be susceptible to type 2 diabetes at adulthood. Therapeutic approaches based on preventive actions to food contaminated with insecticides during pregnancy and lactation could prevent new cases of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78.557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysis Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Molecular Signalling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sergio Fabricio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Ob/Gyn, and Pediatrics MacMaster University-8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá-5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; UPSP-EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, BP, 30313-60026 Beauvais Cedex, France
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16
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Rajak P, Dutta M, Roy S. Altered differential hemocyte count in 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster as a response to chronic exposure of Acephate. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 8:84-8. [PMID: 27486365 PMCID: PMC4961902 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acephate, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, was used to investigate the effects of its chronic exposure on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, six graded concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 μg/ml were selected, which are below the reported residual values (up to 14 μg/ml) of the chemical. 1st instar larvae were fed with these concentrations up to the 3rd instar stage and accordingly hemolymph smears from these larvae were prepared for differential hemocyte count. Three types of cells are found in Drosophila hemolymph, namely, plasmatocytes, lamellocytes and crystal cells. Plasmatocyte count was found to decrease with successive increase in treatment concentrations. Crystal cells showed an increasing trend in their number. Though the number of lamellocytes was very low, a bimodal response was noticed. Lamellocyte number was found to increase with the initial three concentrations, followed by a dose dependent reduction in their number. As hemocytes are directly linked to the immune system of fruit flies, fluctuations in normal titer of these cells may affect insect immunity. Hemocytes share homologies in their origin and mode of action with the immune cells of higher organisms including man. Thus the present findings suggest that immune cells of humans and other organisms may be affected adversely under chronic exposure to Acephate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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17
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Kumar R, Mandal K, Taggar GK, Singh R, Singh B. Bioefficacy and persistence of acephate in mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:392. [PMID: 27262970 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioefficacy, persistence and metabolism of foliar application of acephate 75 SP at the respective recommended and double doses of 1500 and 3000 g a.i. ha(-1) were studied on kharif mungbean crop. Acephate gave a very effective control of the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at the tested doses on mungbean crop throughout the cropping season, besides recording lower percent pod damage and higher grain yield. The recommended dose of acephate also recorded higher net returns and thus indicating its superiority. Persistence of acephate in mungbean leaves and soil was studied following applications of acephate @ 1500 and 3000 g a.i. ha(-1) at 30 days after sowing. Residues of acephate in mungbean leaves and soil were estimated using gas liquid chromatograph (GLC) and confirmed on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Half-life periods for acephate in mungbean leaves were observed to be 2.98 and 3.27 days at single and double the application rates, respectively. Residues of acephate dissipated below its limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg kg(-1) after 20 and 25 days at single and double the application dosage, respectively. Similarly, half-life periods for acephate in mungbean soil were observed to be 1.86 and 1.94 days at single and double the application rates, respectively. Residues of acephate dissipated below its LOQ of 0.05 mg kg(-1) after 10 and 15 days at single and double the application dosage, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Kumar
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004, Punjab, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar Taggar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004, Punjab, India
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, -141004, Punjab, India
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Kumar V, Kaur S, Singh S, Upadhyay N. Unexpected formation of N'-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid O,S-dimethyl ester from acephate: chemical, biotechnical and computational study. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:1. [PMID: 28330071 PMCID: PMC4689696 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By the nucleophilic attack of phenylhydrazine on acephate in aqueous medium, a stable product N′-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid O,S-dimethyl ester (1) was obtained and characterized by elemental, spectral and thermal analysis. Thermodynamic parameters, Ea, ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°, have found to be 62.15, −67.95, −0.068 and −20.05 kJ mol−1 according to the Coats–Redfern equation. Analysis of interaction of 1 with BSA protein was done by using the UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopic methods. The observed binding constants was 1.12 (±0.09) × 104 M−1. The biological effect of 1 was checked on different plant growth-promoting (PGPR) strains such as Rhizobiumleguminosarum, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Arthrobactercitreus, Bacillusbrevis and Salmonellatyphimurium and compared with parent molecule acephate where 1 has shown less toxicity against PGPRs as compared to acephate. The experimental results for geometric parameters and values of peak position in IR spectra have found to match excellently with the computational studies performed by GAMESS software package. Theoretically, twelve new analogs of 1 were prepared and their comparative reactivity (HOMO–LUMO energy) and biodecomposition (on the basis of polarizability) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
- Regional Pesticides Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Sukhmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Niraj Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Kumar MS, Kabra AN, Min B, El-Dalatony MM, Xiong J, Thajuddin N, Lee DS, Jeon BH. Insecticides induced biochemical changes in freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1091-1099. [PMID: 26036581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of insecticides (acephate and imidacloprid) on a freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana was investigated with respect to photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, fatty acids composition and induction of stress indicators including proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). C. mexicana was cultivated with 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L(-1) of acephate and imidacloprid. The microalga growth increased with increasing concentrations of both insecticides up to 15 mg L(-1), beyond which the growth declined compared to control condition (without insecticides). C. mexicana cultivated with 15 mg L(-1) of both insecticides for 12 days was used for further analysis. The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), carbohydrates and protein was decreased in the presence of both insecticides. Acephate and imidacloprid induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and increased the concentration of proline in the microalga, which play a defensive role against various environmental stresses. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased on exposure to both insecticides. C. mexicana also promoted 25 and 21% removal of acephate and imidacloprid, respectively. The biochemical changes in C. mexicana on exposure to acephate and imidacloprid indicate that the microalga undergoes an adaptive change in response to the insecticide-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukannan Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Akhil N Kabra
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Marwa M El-Dalatony
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jiuqiang Xiong
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nooruddin Thajuddin
- Division of Microbial Biodiversity and Bioenergy, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Dong-A University, 840 Handan2-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 604-714, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
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20
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Liu X, Wang L, Zhou X, Liu K, Bai L, Zhou X. Photocatalytic degradation of acephate in pak choi, Brassica chinensis, with Ce-doped TiO2. J Environ Sci Health B 2015; 50:331-337. [PMID: 25826101 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of acephate was investigated using Ce-doped TiO2 (TiO2/Ce) hydrosol. In contrast to previous research conducted under artificial light in the laboratory, this study investigated the decomposition of acephate in a field trial. The results show that acephate can be efficiently degraded by the TiO2/Ce system under natural field conditions; the degradation efficiency was affected by the dosage of the photocatalyst and acephate. The optimum dosage of TiO2/Ce was 2400 g a.i.ha(-1), and the photodegradation efficiency of acephate reached 93.5% after 20 h at an acephate dosage of 675 g a.i.ha(-1). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) analysis detected and identified four degradation products-methamidophos, phosphorothioic acid O,O,S-trimethyl ester, S-methyl methanethiosulfonate and phosphorous acid-that were formed during the TiO2/Ce photodegradation of acephate. Based on the structural identification of the degradation products, a probable photodegradation pathway was proposed, and the first decomposition step may be the cleavage of the C‒N bond of acephate. Subsequently, the P‒S and P‒O bonds may be oxidized gradually or simultaneously to complete the mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- a College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
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Abstract
Objectives: In this study we have evaluated the genotoxic potential of pesticides acephate and profenofos by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus taken as experimental model. Material and Methods: Second instar larvae were treated with LC20 of each pesticide for 24 h and induced mutations in the sequence of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were studied from restriction patterns generated with PacI and PsiI restriction endonucleases. Results: Variations in the number and size of digested fragments were recorded from treated individuals compared with controls showing that the restriction enzymes created a cut at different locations. In addition, sequences of the 16S gene from control and treated individuals were also used to confirm the RFLP patterns. From the sequence alignment data, it was found that mutations caused the destruction and generation of restriction sites in the gene sequence of treated individuals. Conclusion: This study indicates that both the pesticides had significant potential to induce mutations in the 16S gene of Culex quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Bhinder
- Department of Zoology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Asha Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Objectives: In this study we have evaluated the mutagenicity of organophosphate pesticides acephate, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus taken as an experimental model. Materials and Methods: Second instar larvae were treated with LC20 of each pesticide for 24 h and mutations induced in the sequence of mitochondrial COII gene (690bp) were studied from restriction patterns generated with AluI, PacI, and PsiI restriction endonucleases. Results: Variations in the number and size of digested fragments were recorded from treated individuals compared with controls showing that the restriction enzymes created a cut at different locations. In addition, sequences of COII gene from control and treated individuals were also used to confirm the RFLP patterns. From the sequence alignment data, it was found that mutations caused the destruction and generation of restriction sites in the gene sequence of treated individuals. Conclusion: This study indicates that all the three pesticides had potential to induce mutations in the normal sequence of COII gene and also advocates the use of PCR-RFLP assay as an efficient, rapid, and sensitive technique to detect mutagenicity of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Bhinder
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Asha Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
To evaluate immunotoxicological effects of environmental chemical, subacute toxicity of repeated (28 day) oral administration of acephate (Ace) in BALB/c mice was assessed. Thirty two (sixteen male and sixteen female) mice were divided into four different groups with each group containing eight (four male and four female) mice. Mice of Group C1 were administered normal saline only and served as control. Group T1 was given 1/40(th) of apparent LD(50) (ALD(50)) (8.78 mg/kg), and group T2 was put on 1/30(th) of ALD(50) [11.7 mg/kg], while group T3 received 1/20(th) of ALD(50) [17.55 mg/kg] of Ace suspended in normal saline. The blood samples were collected from mice after 28 days of oral administration and analyzed for hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. The study showed that hematological parameters (monocytes and granulocytes) remained unaffected except total leukocyte count and lymphocyte which were decreased highly significantly [P≤0.01] in mice of group T3 on the 28(th) day of experiment. Serum total protein (TP) and serum globulin decreased significantly in mice of treatment groups dose dependently; however, no significant change was seen in serum albumin. Progressive increase in live body weight of mice decreased significantly in extremely toxic group only while spleen:body weight ratio decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Ace produced suppressed humoral immune response and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) was altered nonsignificantly. The results of this study describe the suppression of immune responses following exposure to Ace at low concentrations in experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi N Sankhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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