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Madesh S, Sudhakaran G, Ramamurthy K, Kathiravan MK, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Cadmium and ketoprofen accumulation influences aquatic ecosystem demonstrated using in-vivo zebrafish model. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38910278 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2364240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing concern about pollution and toxicity in aquatic as well as terrestrial organisms is predominantly caused due to waterborne exposure and poses a risk to environmental systems and human health. This study addresses the co-toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and ketoprofen (KPF), representing heavy metal and pharmaceutical discharge pollutants, respectively, in aquatic ecosystems. A 96-h acute toxicity assessment was conducted using zebrafish embryos. The results indicated that high dosages of KPF (10, 15, and 100 µg/mL) and Cd (10 and 15 µg/mL) reduced survivability and caused concentration-dependent deformities such as scoliosis and yolk sac edema. These findings highlight the potential defects in development and metabolism, as evidenced by hemolysis tests demonstrating dose-dependent effects on blood cell integrity. Furthermore, this study employs adult zebrafish for a 42-day chronic exposure to Cd and KPF (10 and 100 µg/L) alone or combined (10 + 10 and 100 + 100 µg/L) to assess organ-specific Cd and KPF accumulation in tissue samples. Organ-specific accumulation patterns underscore complex interactions impacting respiratory, metabolic, and detoxification functions. Prolonged exposure induces reactive oxygen species formation, compromising antioxidant defense systems. Histological examinations reveal structural changes in gills, gastrointestinal, kidney, and liver tissues, suggesting impairments in respiratory, osmoregulatory, nutritional, and immune functions. This study emphasizes the importance of conducting extensive research on co-toxic effects to assist with environmental risk assessments and safeguard human health and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madesh
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arbia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arbia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu B, Wang Z, Lei L, Guo Y, Han J, Zhou B. Transcriptome reveals overview of Ca 2+ dose-dependent metabolism disorders in zebrafish larvae after Cd 2+ exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 125:480-491. [PMID: 36375931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous environmental hazardous heavy metal, poses a significant threat to the health of aquatic organisms, including teleosts. Although the toxic profile of Cd is well recognized, little is known regarding the overall view of toxic responses to varying aquatic environmental parameters (e.g., water hardness) at an individual level. Herein, differences in water hardness were partially mimicked by adjusting Ca2+ levels in E3 medium. As an in vivo model, zebrafish embryos were exposed to variable Ca2+ levels (NV, normal Ca2+; LV, low Ca2+; HV, high Ca2+) alone or combined with 30.7 µg/L Cd2+ (NC, LC, and HC, respectively) until 144 hr post-fertilization. The genome-wide transcriptome revealed differentially expressed genes between groups. Functional enrichment analysis found that biological processes related to metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism, were significantly disrupted in NC and LC treatments, while a remission was observed in the HC group. Biochemical assays confirmed that the decrease in Ca2+ enhanced synthesis, inhibited mobilization and increased the storage of lipids in Cd2+ treatments. This study suggests that the toxic effect of Cd on biological pathways will be influenced by Ca2+, which will improve the toxicological understanding and facilitate accurate assessment of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Liu W, Qiu H, Yan Y, Xie X. Acute Cd Toxicity, Metal Accumulation, and Ion Loss in Southern Catfish ( Silurus meridionalis Chen). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090202. [PMID: 34564353 PMCID: PMC8473079 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amounts of cadmium in multiple organs and the amounts of Na+ and Ca2+ in the carcass were measured in dead and surviving southern catfish exposed to different concentrations of Cd. The 96 h median lethal concentration was 6.85 mg/L. The Cd content and Cd accumulation rate were positively correlated with Cd exposure concentrations, and there were significant differences between dead and surviving individuals, indicating that both Cd content in tissues and Cd accumulation rates were correlated with mortality. Cd levels in the liver of dead fish were saturated. A lethal threshold for Cd concentration in the whole fish was obtained. Bioconcentration factors for Cd did not decrease with increasing exposure. Acute exposure to waterborne Cd caused a significant decrease in the ion content of the fish carcass. There was a significant difference between the Na+ content of the carcass of dead fish (34.54 μmol/g wet weight) and surviving fish (59.34 μmol/g wet weight), which was not the case with the Ca2+ content, indicating that the lethal toxicity of Cd was probably related to the decrease in Na+ content. Collectively, these results suggest that whole-fish Cd concentration and carcass Na+ content can be useful indicators of fish acutely exposed to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3505 (W.L. & X.X.)
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Xie
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3505 (W.L. & X.X.)
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Kodzhahinchev V, Shekh K, Weber LP, Niyogi S. Interactive effects of cadmium and Benzo[a]pyrene in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) during short-term aqueous co-exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116027. [PMID: 33248835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental water quality guidelines often work under the assumption that the toxicity of environmental pollutants is identical when present in isolation or in a complex chemical mixture. Thus, there is a crucial gap in our knowledge regarding how these toxicants interact and alter the toxicological effects in aquatic organisms. The present study examined the effects of acute (72-hr) aqueous exposures of Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic non-essential trace metal, and Benzo[a]Pyrene (B[a]P), a prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in adult zebrafish. Following a range-finding series of individual single-toxicant exposures, a second series was carried out using select concentrations in binary mixture exposures (using 5.8 or 22 μg/L for Cd; 0.44 or 1.07 μg/L for B[a]P). Our results demonstrated that tissue accumulation of both toxicants increased significantly in the presence of the second toxicant relative to single-toxicant exposures. Cd-only and B[a]P-only single toxicant exposures caused a significant downregulation of cytochrome p4501a (CYP1A1) and metallothionein-2 (MT2) mRNA in the gills, respectively, however binary co-exposures using both toxicants resulted in strong up-regulation of CYP1A1 and MT2. Additionally, co-exposures caused a strong induction of SOD1 and CAT mRNA transcript levels in the gill. The observed increase in body burden and transcript modulation did not translate into additive or more-than-additive toxic effects (oxidative stress) in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamran Shekh
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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5
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Dreier DA, Nouri MZ, Denslow ND, Martyniuk CJ. Lipidomics reveals multiple stressor effects (temperature × mitochondrial toxicant) in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128472. [PMID: 33039916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to multiple stressors in the environment, including contaminants and rising temperatures due to climate change. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increased temperature on chemical-induced toxicity and lipid profiles during embryonic development and hatch in fish. This is important because temperature and many environmental chemicals modulate cellular metabolism and lipids, both of which play integral roles for normal embryonic development. As such, we employed the zebrafish embryo toxicity test for multiple stressor exposures, using the mitochondrial toxicant 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP; 6-30 μM) in conjunction with different temperature treatments (28 °C and 33 °C). We found a positive relationship between temperature and lethality at lower DNP concentrations, suggesting temperature stress can increase toxicant sensitivity. Next, we used LC-MS/MS for lipidomics following exposure to sublethal stressor combinations. It was determined that temperature stress at 33 °C augmented DNP-induced effects on the lipidome, including the upregulation of bioactive lipids involved in apoptosis (e.g., ceramides). These data reveal potential implications for climate change and sensitivity to environmental pollution and demonstrate the utility of lipidomics to characterize metabolic pathways underlying toxicity. Data such as these are expected to advance adverse outcome pathways by establishing multiple stressor networks that include intermediate lipid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Pilehvar A, Cordery KI, Town RM, Blust R. The synergistic toxicity of Cd(II) and Cu(II) to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effect of water hardness. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125942. [PMID: 32069721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the interactive toxicity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in water with different hardness levels using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to Cd(II) (0.2-22 μM) or Cu(II) (0.1-8 μM) in single or binary exposures in very soft, moderately hard or very hard water. The whole body burdens of Cd(II) and Cu(II) reflect the net effect of biouptake and elimination, mortality was the indicator of toxicity, and whole body major ion content was measured to assess ion regulatory functions. Cu(II) was found to be more toxic than Cd(II) for zebrafish, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) exhibited a significant synergistic effect. The toxicity of metal ions increased upon decreasing the ionic strength of the exposure medium, probably due to elevated competition between metal ions with other cations in hard water and increased activity of Ca2+ pathways in soft water treatments. Whole body metal accumulation and the accumulation rate of both Cu and Cd increased as the metal ion concentration in the exposure medium increased. Nevertheless, neither parameter explained the observed synergistic effect on mortality. Finally, we observed a significant loss of whole body Na+ in fish which died during the metal exposure compared to surviving fish, irrespective of exposure conditions. Such an effect was not observed for other major cations (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). This observation suggests that, under the applied exposure conditions, survival was correlated to the capacity of the organism to maintain Na+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pilehvar
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Katherine I Cordery
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Hu F, Yuan Y, Yang R, Zhang W, Chen X. Effect of air pre-exposure on Tetrabromobisphenol A resistance in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103357. [PMID: 32113146 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate how air pre-exposure influences the responses in gills and digestive gland of Ruditapes philippinarum on subsequent Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exposure. Firstly, clams were maintained in seawater or pre-exposed to air for 24 h, and then exposed to 0 or 100 μg/L TBBPA. Clam tissues were sampled after 1 day (T1) and 7 days (T7) of exposure to TBBPA. The results showed that in comparison with TBBPA exposure alone, air pre-exposure following TBBPA exposure reduced TBBPA accumulation in both tissues, up-regulated mRNA levels of CAT, Hsp70 and pi-GST in gills, and induced GST activity and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mRNA level in digestive gland of clams at T1, whereas increased lipid peroxidation at T7. Overall, the findings indicate that 24-h exposure to air can activate a priming mechanism withstanding the subsequent TBBPA exposure, which is transient and may change after prolonged subsequent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruo Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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8
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Zeng L, Ai CX, Zhang JS, Li WC. Pre-hypoxia exposure inhibited copper toxicity by improving energy metabolism, antioxidant defence and mitophagy in the liver of the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134961. [PMID: 31787300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of moderate hypoxia pre-exposure on energy metabolism, antioxidant defence and mitophagy in the liver of the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea exposed to Cu. Fish were pre-exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia (~3.0 mg L-1, 42% O2 saturation) for 48 h, and subsequently were subjected to either control (without Cu addition) or Cu (168 μg L-1) under normoxic conditions for another 48 h. Copper exposure under normoxia induced Cu toxicity that increased mortality, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, and aberrant hepatic mitochondrial ultrastructure. Interestingly, hypoxia pre-exposure improved energy metabolism, antioxidant ability and mitophagy response, and reduced the Cu content to inhibit Cu toxicity, reflecting the enhanced survival rate and reduced oxidative damage. In these processes, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), transcription factors NFE2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2), and forkhead box O-3 (FoxO3) mRNA levels were correlated with expression of genes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant defence and mitophagy, respectively, indicating HIF-1α, Nrf2, and FoxO3 are required for the induction of their respective target genes. Overall, moderate hypoxia pre-exposure was able to generate adaptive responses to mitigate Cu-induced toxicological effects, underlining a central role of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Wen-Cheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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9
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Zeng L, Ai CX, Zheng JL, Zhang JS, Li WC. Cu pre-exposure alters antioxidant defense and energy metabolism in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea in response to severe hypoxia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:702-711. [PMID: 31220723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Cu pre-exposure on antioxidant defense and energy metabolism in the liver of the large yellow croaker exposed to severe hypoxia. Fish were pre-acclimated to 0 and 30 μg Cu L-1 for 96 h, and subsequently exposed to 7.0 and 1.5 mg DO L-1 for another 24 h. Hypoxic stress alone increased reactive oxygen species and hepatic vacuoles. When compared to hypoxic stress alone, hypoxic stress plus Cu pre-exposure increased mortality and ROS production, and worsened histological structure by inhibiting antioxidant defense and aerobic metabolism, and enhancing anaerobic metabolism, suggesting Cu pre-acclimation aggravated hypoxia-induced oxidative damage. NFE2-related nuclear factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α might participate in the transcriptional regulation of genes related to antioxidant response and energy metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, Cu pre-acclimation had a synergistic effect on antioxidant response and energy metabolism in fish under severe hypoxia, which contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying negative effects of Cu pre-acclimation against hypoxic damage in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Chun-Xiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Wen-Cheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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10
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Pereira CMS, Blust R, De Schamphelaere KAC. Effect of temperature on nickel uptake and elimination in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:784-793. [PMID: 30614036 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that temperature can affect the ecotoxicity of chemicals (including metals) to aquatic organisms. It was recently reported that nickel (Ni), a priority substance under the European Water Framework directive, showed decreasing chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna with increasing temperature, between 15 and 25 °C. We performed a toxicokinetic study to contribute to an increased mechanistic understanding of this effect. More specifically, we investigated the effect of temperature on Ni uptake and elimination in D. magna (in 4 clones) using an experimental design that included Ni exposures with different stable isotopic composition and using a one-compartment model for data analysis. Both Ni uptake and elimination were affected by temperature, and some clear interclonal differences were observed. On average (across all clones), however, a similar pattern of the effect of temperature was observed on both Ni uptake and elimination, that is, the uptake rate constant (ku ) and elimination rate constant (ke ) during 72 h of Ni exposure were lower at 25 than at 19 °C, by 2.6-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, and they were similar at 19 and 15 °C. This pattern does not correspond to the effects of temperature on chronic Ni toxicity reported previously, suggesting that Ni compartmentalization and/or toxicodynamics may also be affected by temperature. The data gathered with our specific experimental design also allowed us to infer that 1) the ku was up-regulated over time, that is, the ku after 2 d of Ni exposure was significantly higher than the initial ku , by 1.5- to 2.3-fold, and 2) the ke decreased significantly when the external Ni exposure was stopped, by 1.2- to 1.9-fold. These 2 findings are in contrast with 2 commonly used assumptions in toxicokinetic models, that is, that ku is constant during exposure and ke is independent of external exposure. We suggest that future toxicokinetic studies consider these factors in their experimental designs and data analyses. Overall, our study contributes to the growing body of evidence that temperature affects toxicokinetics of metals (and chemicals in general), but at the same time we emphasize that knowledge of toxicokinetics alone is not necessarily sufficient to explain or predict temperature effects on (chronic) toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:784-793. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília M S Pereira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systemic Physiology and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Laboratory for Systemic Physiology and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Yuan W, Liang Y, Xia X, Xie Y, Lan S, Li X. Protection of Danio rerio from cadmium (Cd 2+) toxicity using biological iron sulfide composites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:231-236. [PMID: 29886309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution has become a global environmental problem. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility and effects of applying biological iron sulfide composites (BISC) for the protection of Cd2+ exposed fish, aiming at remediation of Cd2+ polluted waters during emergency pollution events. Experimental results indicate that BISC can remove Cd2+ efficiently and significantly protect Cd2+ exposed Danio rerio, by increasing its overall survival rates. Meanwhile, the protective effect of BISC is significantly enhanced with optimized BISC dosing ratios of 2.4 or more, as well as with more rapid onset of BISC dosing following Cd2+ exposure and in water with higher pH levels in the range of 6-8, with D. rerio survival rates increased by more than 90% (P = 0.05). Additionally, BISC confers advantages over SRB and combinations of its constituents, with effective removal of Cd2+ and increasing survival rates of Cd2+ exposed D. rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajie Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuhuan Lan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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Philippe C, Grégoir AF, Thoré ESJ, Brendonck L, De Boeck G, Pinceel T. Acute sensitivity of the killifish Nothobranchius furzeri to a combination of temperature and reference toxicants (cadmium, chlorpyrifos and 3,4-dichloroaniline). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10029-10038. [PMID: 29380199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms of inland waters are often subjected to a combination of stressors. Yet, few experiments assess mixed stress effects beyond a select group of standard model organisms. We studied the joint toxicity of reference toxicants and increased temperature on the turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri, a promising model for ecotoxicological research due to the species' short life cycle and the production of drought-resistant eggs. The acute sensitivity of the larval stage (2dph) to three compounds (cadmium, 3,4-dichloroaniline and chlorpyrifos) was tested in combination with a temperature increase of 4 °C, mimicking global warming. Dose-response relationships were used to calculate 96h-LC50 of 0.28 mg/L (24 °C) and 0.39 mg/L (28 °C) for cadmium, 96h-LC50 of 9.75 mg/L (24 °C) and 6.61 mg/L (28 °C) for 3,4-dichloroaniline and 96h-LC50 of 15.4 μg/L (24 °C) and 14.2 μg/L (28 °C) for chlorpyrifos. After 24 h of exposure, the toxicity of all tested compounds was exacerbated under increased temperature. Furthermore, the interaction effect of cadmium and temperature could be predicted by the stress addition model (SAM). This suggests the applicability of the model for fish and at the same time indicates that the model could be suitable to predict effects of temperature-toxicant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Philippe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Arnout F Grégoir
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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13
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Zhao SJ, Guo SN, Zhu QL, Yuan SS, Zheng JL. Heat-induced oxidative stress and inflammation involve in cadmium pollution history in the spleen of zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:1-8. [PMID: 29074130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 2.5 and 5 μg/L cadmium (Cd) for 10 weeks, and then each group was exposed to 26 °C(control) and 32 °C (high temperature) for 7 days. 22 indicators were compared between 26 °C and 32 °C in the spleen, including body weight, LPO and NO levels, activity levels of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and iNOS, MTs protein levels, and mRNA levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, HSF1, HSF2, HSP70, MTF-1, MTs, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and NF-κB. Most indicators were not significantly affected by heat in fish from no Cd pollution. However, almost all of indicators were responsive to heat in fish pre-exposed to Cd. Several indicators were sensitive to heat in fish pre-exposed to 2.5 μg/L Cd such as iNOS activities, and mRNA levels of iNOS and IL-10. Most other indicators were sensitive to heat in fish pre-exposed to 5 μg/L. The mRNA levels of HSP70 and MTF-1 were up-regulated by heat in fish pre-exposed to 0, 2.5 and 5 μg/L Cd. However, the magnitude of increase was the greatest in fish pre-exposed to 5 μg/L Cd. These differences between control and high temperature would serve as biomarkers to distinguish healthy from Cd-polluted group. The findings imply that metal pollution history should be carefully considered when screening heat biomarkers in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jiang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Sai-Nan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- Postgraduate Work Department, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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14
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Tuzuki BLL, Delunardo FAC, Ribeiro LN, Melo CPD, Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR. Effects of manganese on fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Carangaria: Centropomidae) exposed to different temperatures. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn2+) for 96 hours at two different temperatures (24 and 27°C) on juveniles of Centropomus parallelus through the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), micronuclei test (MN) and comet assay. The GST activity did not show any significant difference between the groups exposed to Mn2+ and the respective control groups; in contrast, a major increase in the CAT activity was observed at 27°C in the group exposed to Mn2+ compared to the control group. The genotoxic analyses showed that in all animals exposed to Mn2+, the number of red cells with micronuclei increased significantly compared to the respective control groups. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of DNA damage in the groups exposed to Mn2+. At a temperature of 24ºC, animals exposed to Mn2+ had more DNA damage than those at 27°C. It is likely that the increase in temperature can also induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that manganese is toxic to the fat snook juveniles, causing genotoxic damage, and when associated with an increase in temperature, manganese can also provoke an increase in oxidative stress.
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15
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Zeng L, Zhang JS, Zheng JL, Wu CW. Pre-acclimation to low copper mitigated immunotoxic effects in spleen and head-kidney of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) when exposed subsequently to high copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:54-61. [PMID: 28601517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis tested in this study was that Cu pre-acclimation would mitigate high Cu induced immunotoxic effects in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. To the end, fish were pre-acclimation to 0 and 84μg CuL-1 for 48h and then exposed to 0 and 420μg CuL-1 for another 48h. Survival rate, Cu content, ROS, NO, activities and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (iNOS and COX-2), and gene expressions of transcription factor NF-κB and its inhibitor IκBα were determined in spleen and head-kidney of large yellow croaker. Cu pre-acclimation significantly reduced mortality of fish exposed to 420μg CuL-1. Cu pre-acclimation triggered the up-regulation of both enzyme activities and express levels of iNOS and COX-2 in spleen under 420μg CuL-1 exposure, resulting in remarkable reduction of Cu content and ROS in this tissue. Contrast to spleen, iNOS activity remained unchanged but the mRNA level of iNOS increased, and the mRNA level of COX-2 remained constant though COX-2 activity enhanced in head-kidney, suggesting iNOS and COX-2 may be modulated by Cu at a post-transcriptional level. In this process, NF-κB/IκBα signaling molecules may play a vital role in the transcriptional activation of inflammatory genes in both spleen and head-kidney. In conclusion, low Cu pre-acclimation alleviated high Cu induced immunotoxicity in spleen and head-kidney of large yellow croaker by enhancing the activities and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Jian-She Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Chang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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16
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Zhu QL, Guo SN, Yuan SS, Lv ZM, Zheng JL, Xia H. Heat indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation and metal transport show dependence of cadmium pollution history in the liver of female zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:1-9. [PMID: 28763775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors such as high temperature and metal exposure may occur sequentially, simultaneously, previously in aquatic ecosystems. However, information about whether responses to high temperature depend on Cd exposure history is still unknown in fish. Zebrafish were exposed to 0 (group 1), 2.5 (group 2) and 5μg/L (group 3) cadmium (Cd) for 10 weeks, and then each group was subjected to Cd-free water maintained at 26°C and 32°C for 7days respectively. 26 indicators were used to compare differences between 26°C and 32°C in the liver of female zebrafish, including 5 biochemical indicators (activity of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and iNOS; LPO; MT protein), 8 molecular indicators of oxidative stress (mRNA levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, HSF1, HSF2, HSP70, MTF-1 and MT), 5 molecular indicators of inflammation (mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and NF-κB), 8 molecular indicators of metal transport (mRNA levels of, ZnT1, ZnT5, ZIP8, ZIP10, ATP7A, ATP7B and CTR1). All biochemical indicators were unchanged in group 1 and changed in group 2 and 3. Contrarily, differences were observed in almost all of molecular indicators of inflammation and metal transport in group 1, about half in group 2, and few in group 3. We also found that all molecular indicators of oxidative stress in group 2 and fewer in group 1 and 3 were significantly affected by heat. Our data indicated that heat indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation and metal transport showed dependence of previous cadmium exposure in the liver of zebrafish, emphasizing metal pollution history should be carefully considered when evaluating heat stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Zhu
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Sai-Nan Guo
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | | | - Zhen-Ming Lv
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | | | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan Changde 415000, PR China
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17
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Zheng JL, Guo SN, Yuan SS, Xia H, Zhu QL, Lv ZM. Preheating mitigates cadmium toxicity in zebrafish livers: Evidence from promoter demethylation, gene transcription to biochemical levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:104-111. [PMID: 28704659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The working hypothesis for this study was that moderate heat stress would alleviate the deleterious effects of subsequent cadmium (Cd) exposure on fish. Thus, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were subjected to water maintained at 26°C and 34°C for 4days, and then exposed to 0 or 200μg/L Cd for 1 week at 26°C. Multiple indicators were measured from livers of zebrafish at different levels, including DNA, RNA, protein and enzymatic activity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and metal transport. The ameliorative effect of preheatinging on Cd toxicity was demonstrated. In the Cd-exposed groups, preheating decreased mortality and lipid peroxidation, increased activity levels of catalase (CAT) and copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and up-regulated mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock factor 2 (HSF2). Preheating also mitigated Cd-induced increases in protein and mRNA levels of metallothioneins (MTs), and mRNA levels of several inflammation-related genes. Furthermore, preheating alone dramatically up-regulated mRNA levels of genes related to antioxidant and immune defenses, zinc and copper transporters, protein folding, and reduced methylation levels in the HSF binding motif of the HSP70 promoter. Overall, preheating-induced accumulation of transcripts via demethylation might support the rapid defense responses at post-transcriptional levels caused by subsequent Cd exposure, indicating an adaptive mechanism for organisms exposed to one mild stressor followed by another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Sai-Nan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan Changde 415000, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- Postgraduate Work Department, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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18
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Renieri EA, Sfakianakis DG, Alegakis AA, Safenkova IV, Buha A, Matović V, Tzardi M, Dzantiev BB, Divanach P, Kentouri M, Tsatsakis AM. Nonlinear responses to waterborne cadmium exposure in zebrafish. An in vivo study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:173-181. [PMID: 28570961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has proved to be associated with numerous toxic effects in aquatic organisms via waterborne exposure. With a view to investigate Cd toxicity along a broad spectrum of exposures reaching from environmental to toxic, we employed adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) for an in vivo study. A number of 10 fish per tank were placed in 40L tanks and were exposed for 30 days to 0.0, 5.0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 1000μgCd per liter. There were 2 tanks for each Cd exposure (duplicate experiment). Mortality was recorded daily, dead fish were collected and tissue samples were obtained for histologic observation, whereas remaining tissues were stored for Cd burden determination. Surviving fish were collected at the end of the experiment. Median overall survival (OS) in days was found to be 9.0, 11.0, 8.0 and 7.0 for 25μg/L, 50μg/L, 75μg/L and 100μg/L respectively, with all of them showing mortality greater than 50%. Remarkably, fish exposed to the highest Cd concentration (1000μg/L) survived the longest exhibiting a mean OS of 29.2 days. Cd determination in fish tissue was conducted with an in house ICP-MS method and levels ranged from 3.1 to 29.1ng/mg. Log Cd tissue levels were significantly correlated with the log Cd exposure levels (r = 0.535, p < 0.001). The highest Cd burden was determined for fish exposed to 1000μgCd /L (mean = 12.2ng/mg). Histopathology supported these results. Our findings disclose a deviation in toxic responses through the range of Cd concentrations, leading to nonlinear responses. These differentiated responses, could be linked to hormesis phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet A Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Irina V Safenkova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Laboratory of Pathology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pascal Divanach
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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19
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Yuan SS, Lv ZM, Zhu AY, Zheng JL, Wu CW. Negative effect of chronic cadmium exposure on growth, histology, ultrastructure, antioxidant and innate immune responses in the liver of zebrafish: Preventive role of blue light emitting diodes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:18-26. [PMID: 28092736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the possible preventive effects of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in zebrafish. To this end, zebrafish were exposed to a white fluorescent bulb or blue LEDs (LDB, peak at 450nm, at an irradiance of 0.9W/m2), and 0 or 30µgL-1 waterborne Cd for 5 weeks. Growth performance, survival rate, and hepatic histology, ultrastructure, antioxidant and innate immune responses were determined in zebrafish. Cd exposure alone reduced growth and survival rate, and induced oxidative damage and changes in histology and ultrastructure. However, Cd exposure in combination with LDB apparently relieved these negative effects. The alleviation of adverse effects might result from the up-regulation of antioxidant and innate immune genes at transcriptional, translational, or post-translational levels. Cd exposure alone dramatically enhanced mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and E2-related factor (Nrf2). However, compared to Cd exposure alone, Cd exposure in combination with LDB apparently down-regulated both genes. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic Cd exposure induced a negative effect on zebrafish, possibly involved in NF-κB-induced immunotoxicity and Nrf2-induced oxidative stress. Finally, for the first time, our data demonstrated that LDB could protect fish against Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Ai-Yi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Chang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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20
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Zheng JL, Yuan SS, Shen B, Wu CW. Organ-specific effects of low-dose zinc pre-exposure on high-dose zinc induced mitochondrial dysfunction in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:653-661. [PMID: 27909949 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of low-dose zinc (Zn) pre-exposure on survival rate, new Zn accumulation, and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the liver and spleen of large yellow croaker exposed to high-dose Zn. To the end, fish were pre-exposed to 0 and 2 mg L-1 Zn for 48 h and post-exposed to 0 and 12 mg L-1 Zn for 48 h. Twelve milligrams Zn per liter exposure alone reduced survival rate, but the effect did not appear in the 2 mg L-1 Zn pre-exposure groups. Two milligrams per liter Zn pre-exposure also ameliorated 12 mg Zn L-1 induced new Zn accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial swelling in the liver. However, these effects did not appear in the spleen. In the liver, 2 mg L-1 Zn pre-exposure apparently relieved 12 mg L-1 Zn induced down-regulation of activities of ATP synthase (F-ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). The mRNA levels of these genes remained relatively stable in fish exposed to 12 mg L-1 Zn alone, but increased in fish exposed to 12 mg L-1 Zn with 2 mg L-1 Zn pre-treatment. In the spleen, 2 mg Zn L-1 pre-exposure did not mitigate the down-regulation of mRNA levels of genes and activities of relative enzymes induced by 12 mg L-1 Zn. In conclusion, our study demonstrated low-dose zinc pre-exposure ameliorated high-dose zinc induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver but not in the spleen of large yellow croaker, indicating an organ-specific effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Onukwufor JO, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Combined effects of cadmium, temperature and hypoxia-reoxygenation on mitochondrial function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:129-141. [PMID: 27893995 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although aquatic organisms face multiple environmental stressors that may interact to alter adverse outcomes, our knowledge of stressor-stressor interaction on cellular function is limited. We investigated the combined effects of cadmium (Cd), hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) and temperature on mitochondrial function. Liver mitochondria from juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to Cd (0-20μM) and H-R (0 and 5min) at 5, 13 and 25°C followed by measurements of mitochondrial Cd load, volume, complex І active (A)↔deactive (D) transition, membrane potential, ROS release and ultrastructural changes. At high temperature Cd exacerbated H-R-imposed reduction of maximal complex I (CI) respiration whereas at low temperature 5 and 10μM stimulated maximal CI respiration post H-R. The basal respiration showed a biphasic response at high temperatures with low Cd concentrations reducing the stimulatory effect of H-R and high concentrations enhancing this effect. At low temperature Cd monotonically enhanced H-R-induced stimulation of basal respiration. Cd and H-R reduced both the P/O ratio and the RCR at all 3 temperatures. Temperature rise alone increased mitochondrial Cd load and toxicity, but combined H-R and temperature exposure reduced mitochondrial Cd load but surprisingly exacerbated the mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by H-R was associated with swelling of the organelle and blocking of conversion of CІ D to A form. However, low amounts of Cd protected against H-R induced swelling and prevented the inhibition of H-R-induced CI D to A transition. Both H-R and Cd dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm and damaged mitochondrial structure. We observed increased reactive oxygen species (H2O2) release that together with the protection afforded by EGTA, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine against the Δψm dissipation suggested direct involvement of Cd and oxidative stress. Overall, our findings indicate that mitochondrial sensitivity to Cd toxicity was enhanced by the effects of H-R and temperature, and changes in mitochondrial Cd load did not always explain this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Onukwufor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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22
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Olsvik PA, Waagbø R, Hevrøy EM, Remø SC, Søfteland L. In vitro Assessment of Hg Toxicity in Hepatocytes from Heat-Stressed Atlantic Salmon. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:226-239. [PMID: 27094051 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Global warming may alter the bioavailability of contaminants in aquatic environments. In this work, mercury (Hg2+) toxicity was studied in cells obtained from Atlantic salmon smolt kept at 15 °C (optimal growth temperature) for 3 months or at a stepwise increase to 20 °C (temperature-stress) during 3 months prior to cell harvest to evaluate whether acclimation temperature affects Hg toxicity. To examine possible altered dietary requirements in warmer seas, one group of fish following the stepwise temperature regimes was fed a diet spiked with antioxidants. Atlantic salmon hepatocytes were exposed in vitro to 0, 1.0, or 100 μM Hg2+ for 48 h. Cytotoxicity, determined as electrical impedance changes with the xCELLigence system, and transcriptional responses, determined with RT-qPCR, were assessed as measures of toxicity. The results showed that inorganic Hg at a concentration up to 100 μM is not cytotoxic to Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. Significance and directional responses of the 18 evaluated target genes suggest that both Hg and temperature stress affected the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the protection against ROS-generated oxidative stress. Both stressors also affected the transcription of genes linked to lipid metabolism. Spiking the diet with antioxidants resulted in higher concentrations of Se and vitamin C and reduced concentration of Hg in the liver in vivo, but no interactions were seen between the dietary supplementation of antioxidants and Hg toxicity in vitro. In conclusion, no evidence was found suggesting that inorganic Hg is more toxic in cells harvested from temperature-stressed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rune Waagbø
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ernst M Hevrøy
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
- EWOS AS, N-5803, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sofie C Remø
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Søfteland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnesboder 1-2, N-5005, Bergen, Norway
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Bae E, Samanta P, Yoo J, Jung J. Effects of multigenerational exposure to elevated temperature on reproduction, oxidative stress, and Cu toxicity in Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:366-371. [PMID: 27376351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of temperature (20 and 25°C) on reproduction, oxidative stress, and copper (Cu) toxicity in Daphnia magna across three generations (F0, F1, and F2). Exposing D. magna to elevated temperature significantly decreased the number of offspring per female per day, the time to first brood, and body length compared to exposure to the optimal temperature (p<0.05). In addition, elevated temperature induced a significantly higher production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). These findings suggest that D. magna likely responded to thermal stress by investing more energy into defense mechanisms, rather than growth and reproduction. In addition, oxidative stress at the elevated temperature gradually increased with each generation, possibly owing to the reduced fitness of the offspring. Exposing D. magna to 25°C (EC50=34±3µgL(-1)) substantially increased the median effective concentration of Cu in all generations compared to exposure to 20°C (EC50=25±3µgL(-1)), indicating a decrease in acute toxicity at elevated temperature. However, elevated temperature significantly increased the oxidative stress induced by a sublethal concentration of Cu (10µgL(-1)). The interaction between elevated temperature and Cu exposure appears to be synergistic; however, this needs to be confirmed using multiple generations in a long-term experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Palas Samanta
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Zheng JL, Zhu QL, Wu CW, Zhu AY, Shen B, Zeng L. Zinc acclimation mitigated high zinc induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defenses in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 172:21-29. [PMID: 26765083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis tested in the present study was that Zn acclimation will alleviate high Zn induced oxidative stress in large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. To the end, fish were pre-exposed to 0 and 2mgZnL(-1) for 48h and then exposed to 0 and 10mgZnL(-1) for 48h. Lipid peroxidation, activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GPx and GR), and gene expressions of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling molecules at different exposure time (12h, 24h and 48h) were determined in the liver and spleen of large yellow croaker. 10mgZnL(-1) exposure alone enhanced lipid peroxidation in the liver during 12-48h and in the spleen during 24-48h. Although 2mgZnL(-1) pre-exposure did not affect lipid peroxidation, 2mgZnL(-1) pre-exposure mitigated high Zn induced oxidative stress. The positive effect of Zn acclimation could be attributed to the up-regulated expression and activities of antioxidant enzyme genes under high Zn stress. Obtained results also showed a coordinated transcriptional regulation of antioxidant genes, suggesting that Nrf2 is required for the protracted induction of these genes. Besides, the sharp increase in Keap1 expression levels would support its role in switching off Nrf2 response. In conclusion, Zn acclimation mitigated high Zn-induced oxidative stress in large yellow croker, emphasizing a central role of transcription factor Nrf2 in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lang Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Qing-Ling Zhu
- Postgraduate Work Department, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Chang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Ai-Yi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Lin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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25
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Fish pre-acclimation temperature only modestly affects cadmium toxicity in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. J Therm Biol 2016; 57:21-34. [PMID: 27033036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An emerging focus in environmental toxicology is how climate change will alter bioavailability and uptake of contaminants in organisms. Ectothermic animals unable to adjust their temperature by local migration, such as farmed fish kept in net pens, may become more vulnerable to contaminants in warmer seas. The aim of this work was to study cadmium (Cd) toxicity in cells obtained from fish acclimated to sub-optimal growth temperature. Atlantic salmon hepatocytes, harvested from fish pre-acclimated either at 15°C (optimal growth temperature) or 20°C (heat-stressed), were exposed in vitro to two concentrations of Cd (control, 1 and 100µM Cd) for 48h. Cd-induced cytotoxicity, determined with the xCELLigence system, was more pronounced in cells from fish pre-acclimated to a high temperature than in cells from fish grown at optimal temperature. A feed spiked with antioxidants could not ameliorate the Cd-induced cytotoxicity in cells from temperature-stressed fish. At the transcriptional level, Cd exposure affected 11 out of 20 examined genes, of which most are linked to oxidative stress. The transcriptional levels of a majority of the altered genes were changed in cells harvested from fish grown at sub-optimal temperature. Interaction effects between Cd exposure and fish pre-acclimation temperature were seen for four transcripts, hmox1, mapk1, fth1 and mmp13. Overall, this study shows that cells from temperature-stressed fish are modestly more vulnerable to Cd stress, and indicate that mechanisms linked to oxidative stress may be differentially affected in temperature-stressed cells.
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26
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Patar A, Giri A, Boro F, Bhuyan K, Singha U, Giri S. Cadmium pollution and amphibians--Studies in tadpoles of Rana limnocharis. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1043-1049. [PMID: 26451654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is released into the environment in increasing amounts from different natural and anthropogenic activities contaminating the aquatic habitats. Amphibian tadpoles develop in water and hence are likely to be adversely affected by cadmium present in the aquatic environment. We have studied the toxic and genotoxic effects of CdCl2 on the tadpoles of Rana limnocharis. CdCl2 in the concentration range between 0.1 and 0.4 mg/L induced significant mortality in R. limnocharis tadpoles in a dose and time dependent manner. The 10-day LC50 which has more ecological relevance was far less than the 24-h LC50. Tadpoles exposed to CdCl2 metamorphosed at an early age possibly as a survival strategy to move out of the stressful environment. The body weight of the CdCl2 exposed animals at metamorphosis was lower compared to the control individuals which may affect survival and reproductive fitness in adult life. Besides, the average body length of the metamorphosed individuals in the CdCl2 exposed group was higher than the control group. CdCl2 was found to be genotoxic in micronucleus test and comet assay. The ambient concentration of Cd could reach up to 60 μg/L or more. Exposure to 18.5 μg/L of CdCl2 (1% of 24-h LC50) induced significant increase in DNA strand breaks as compared to the control. The present findings demonstrate that presence of cadmium in the aquatic environment can significantly alter the life history traits and cause DNA damage in amphibians and hence, could contribute towards their population decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Patar
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Freeman Boro
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Krishna Bhuyan
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Utsab Singha
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
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27
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Sandbichler AM, Höckner M. Cadmium Protection Strategies--A Hidden Trade-Off? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010139. [PMID: 26805823 PMCID: PMC4730378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential transition metal which is introduced into the biosphere by various anthropogenic activities. Environmental pollution with Cd poses a major health risk and Cd toxicity has been extensively researched over the past decades. This review aims at changing the perspective by discussing protection mechanisms available to counteract a Cd insult. Antioxidants, induction of antioxidant enzymes, and complexation of Cd to glutathione (GSH) and metallothionein (MT) are the most potent protective measures to cope with Cd-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, protection mechanisms include prevention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitophagy and metabolic stress, as well as expression of chaperones. Pre-exposure to Cd itself, or co-exposure to other metals or trace elements can improve viability under Cd exposure and cells have means to reduce Cd uptake and improve Cd removal. Finally, environmental factors have negative or positive effects on Cd toxicity. Most protection mechanisms aim at preventing cellular damage. However, this might not be possible without trade-offs like an increased risk of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Höckner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Zoology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Lang X, Wang L, Zhang Z. Stability evaluation of reference genes for real-time PCR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to cadmium chloride and subsequently infected by bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:240-250. [PMID: 26675370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a global concern, and the model organism zebrafish is an ideal species to investigate Cd toxicity. Among various detecting techniques, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive and efficient tool. Stable reference genes are critical for relative qPCR analysis. However, accumulated evidence shows that conventional reference genes can vary significantly under different experimental setups. Here we evaluated the stability of eight candidate reference genes of zebrafish with or without exposure to different concentrations of Cd. The results showed that the best four suitable reference genes in the five selected organs were: (1) spleen: β-actin>gapdh>ef1α>rpl13α; (2) kidney: rplp2>rpl7>β-actin>ef1α; (3) liver: rpl7>rpl13α>β-actin>ef1α; (4) gills: rplp2>gapdh>rnf7>ef1α; (5) intestine: ef1α>rnf7>rplp2>rpl13α. Moreover, we further assessed the expression stability of the four reference genes for Cd immunotoxicology studies in zebrafish. The expression profiles showed that ef1α in spleen and kidney, rpl13a in liver and rplp2 in intestine were the most suitable reference genes at 12h and 9 days after the injection with Aeromonas hydrophila following Cd exposure. In gills, the expression of gapdh was more stable than ef1α after 9 days of bacteria challenge while ef1α showed a higher stability than gapdh at 12h after bacteria injection. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that different tissues of zebrafish have different suitable reference genes after Cd exposure and the subsequently pathogenic insults for qPCR. It emphasized the importance of reference gene evaluation for studies using qPCR, in particular when investigations involve factors not explored previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Lang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi Province, China.
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29
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Lavergne E, Pedron N, Calves I, Claireaux G, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante J, Le Bayon N, Cahu C, Laroche J. Does the chronic chemical contamination of a European flounder population decrease its thermal tolerance? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:658-664. [PMID: 25636829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile flounders (Platichthys flesus), collected in two estuaries with similar temperature regimes (the heavily polluted Seine and the moderately contaminated Vilaine), were submitted to a common garden experiment. After an acclimation period, both populations were challenged by a thermal stress (9-24°C for 15days, then maintenance at 24°C for 19days). The condition factor of the Vilaine fish increased in both conditions, while it decreased for the heated Seine flounders after 34days. The expression of genes related to the energetic metabolism was measured in the liver. The expression levels for ATP-F0 and COII were significantly reduced for heated vs. standard fish from both estuaries, while a decrease of the 12S expression was detected only in heated vs. standard fish from the Seine estuary. Thus, it is suggested that highly contaminated fish from Seine could display a lower tolerance to thermal stress, compared to moderately contaminated fish from Vilaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lavergne
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France.
| | - Nicolas Pedron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Isabelle Calves
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - José Zambonino-Infante
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Chantal Cahu
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Laroche
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
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30
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Dorts J, Kestemont P, Thézenas ML, Raes M, Silvestre F. Effects of cadmium exposure on the gill proteome of Cottus gobio: modulatory effects of prior thermal acclimation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:87-96. [PMID: 24874008 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and trace metals are common environmental stressors, and their importance is increasing due to global climate change and anthropogenic pollution. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether acclimation to elevated temperature affects the response of the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) to subsequent cadmium (Cd) exposure by using enzymatic and proteomic approaches. Fish acclimated to 15 (standard temperature), 18 or 21 °C for 28 days were exposed to 1mg Cd/L for 4 days at the respective acclimation temperature. First, exposure to Cd significantly decreased the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gills of fish acclimated to 15 or 18 °C. However, an acclimation to 21 °C suppressed the inhibitory effect of Cd. Second, using a proteomic analysis by 2D-DIGE, we observed that thermal acclimation was the first parameter affecting the protein expression profile in gills of C. gobio, while subsequent Cd exposure seemed to attenuate this temperature effect. Moreover, our results showed opposite effects of these two environmental stressors at protein expression level. From the 52 protein spots displaying significant interaction effects of temperature and Cd exposure, a total of 28 different proteins were identified using nano LC-MS/MS and the Peptide and Protein Prophet algorithms of Scaffold software. The identified differentially expressed proteins can be categorized into diverse functional classes, related to protein turnover, folding and chaperoning, metabolic process, ion transport, cell signaling and cytoskeleton. Within a same functional class, we further reported that several proteins displayed reverse responses following sequential exposure to heat and Cd. This work provides insights into the molecular pathways potentially involved in heat acclimation process and the interactive effects of temperature and Cd stress in ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dorts
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laetitia Thézenas
- Research Unit in Cell Biology (URBC) (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- Research Unit in Cell Biology (URBC) (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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