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Yang X, Wang J, Chang G, Sun C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Post-synthetic modification of covalent organic framework for efficient adsorption of organochlorine pesticides from cattle's milk. Food Chem 2024; 439:138182. [PMID: 38100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in milk faces a significant challenge. Herein, a sea urchin structured covalent organic framework bearing boric acid groups named COF-B(OH)2 was synthesized and applied as a coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of the OCPs in cattle's milk. Its performance was superior to that of three commonly used commercial SPME fibers, which could be due to the coexistence of hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, π-stacking and electrostatic interactions. Besides, the fiber coating displayed good stability and reusability. After optimization, a COF-B(OH)2 based SPME coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection was established for the sensitive detection of the OCPs from milk samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were between 0.04 and 1.00 μg kg-1. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved with the method recoveries in the range of 87.5 % to 112.5 %. These results manifest the feasibility of the COF-B(OH)2 coated fiber for the enrichment of the trace OCPs from milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guifen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Cuihong Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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2
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Meng Z, Liu D, Li S, Xu Z, Deng Q, Liu Y. A fast multi-residue analysis of twenty-four classes of pesticide in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and their migration into processed products. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113322. [PMID: 37803633 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is widely used as a nutritional supplement or condiment because of its nutritious properties and palatable flavor. However, the extensive use of pesticides in sesame fields has paradoxically decreased the nutritional vantage. The current study used QuEChERS with a low-temperature freezing method to develop a multi-residue analytical approach to detect target analytes (pesticides) in sesame seed, sesame oil, sesame paste, and sesame meal. The migration ability of target pesticides during oil processing was investigated using HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS: 35% of pesticides decreased, with processing factors (PFs) lower than 0.98, whereas 65% migrated from the seed to the oil during processing. The migration success of methoxyfenozide was the highest, while clothianidin and pymetrozine demonstrated a significantly lower rate of transfer. The results provide insight into the types of pesticides that should be used in farming practices of sesame to decrease the impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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3
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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4
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Munjanja BK, Nomngongo PN, Mketo N. Organochlorine pesticides in vegetable oils: An overview of occurrence, toxicity, and chromatographic determination in the past twenty-two years (2000-2022). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37335094 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are used globally to control pests in the food industry. However, some have been banned due to their toxicity. Although they have been banned, OCPs are still discharged into the environment and persist for long periods of time. Therefore, this review focused on the occurrence, toxicity, and chromatographic determination of OCPs in vegetable oils over the last 22 years (2000-2022) (111 references).Literature search shows that OCPs kill pests by destroying endocrine, teratogenic, neuroendocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. However, only five studies investigated the fate of OCPs in vegetable oils and the outcome revealed that some of the steps involved during oil processing introduce more OCPs. Moreover, direct chromatographic determination of OCPs was mostly performed using online LC-GC methods fitted with oven transfer adsorption desorption interface. While indirect chromatographic determination was favored by QuEChERS extraction technique, gas chromatography frequently coupled to electron capture detection (ECD), gas chromatography in selective ion monitoring mode (SIM), and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were the most common techniques used for detection. However, the greatest challenge still faced by analytical chemists is to obtain clean extracts with acceptable extraction recoveries (70-120%). Hence, more research is still required to develop greener and selective extraction methods toward OCPs, thus improving extraction recoveries. Moreover, advanced techniques like gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) must also be explored. OCPs prevalence in vegetable oils varied greatly in various countries, and concentrations of up to 1500 µg/kg were reported. Additionally, the percentage of positive samples ranged from 1.1 to 97.5% for endosulfan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil K Munjanja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomvano Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Valverde I, Espín S, Gómez-Ramírez P, Navas I, María-Mojica P, Sánchez-Virosta P, Jiménez P, Torres-Chaparro MY, García-Fernández AJ. Wildlife poisoning: a novel scoring system and review of analytical methods for anticoagulant rodenticide determination. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:767-782. [PMID: 33864551 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are commonly used to control rodent populations and frequently involved in wildlife and domestic animal poisoning. These poisoning cases (especially for ARs) are a challenge for forensic toxicologists, and adequate post-mortem examination and toxicological analyses become essential for a proper diagnosis. Publications describing different analytical methods for AR analysis in biological samples are growing, and a clear compilation of the overall picture is needed to standardize methodologies in future research. This review aims to compile and compare the analytical procedures applied for AR determination in the literature. Using this information, a scoring system was developed for those techniques using liver and blood as matrices, and the techniques were ranked considering different criteria (i.e. sample amount required, recoveries, limits of quantification (LOQs), number of ARs analysed, points of the calibration curve and multi-class methods). This review shows an overview of the main methods used for AR analysis in forensic toxicology and will help to elucidate future directions to improve multi-residue techniques to detect the ARs involved in wildlife lethal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valverde
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Espín
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Navas
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro María-Mojica
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- "Santa Faz" Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Consellería de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente, Cambio Climático y Desarrollo Rural, Alicante, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Y Torres-Chaparro
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary Service, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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6
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Covaciu FD, Floare-Avram V, Magdas DA, David AP, Marincas O. Distribution and Fate of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides on the Soil-Forage-Milk Chain in Three Transylvanian Farms. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1749650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florina D. Covaciu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Veronica Floare-Avram
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana A. Magdas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cluster Agro-Food-Ind Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana P. David
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SC AgroCosm Fan SA, Sannicoara, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivian Marincas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Lobato A, Fernandes VC, Pacheco JG, Delerue-Matos C, Gonçalves LM. Organochlorine pesticide analysis in milk by gas-diffusion microextraction with gas chromatography-electron capture detection and confirmation by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461797. [PMID: 33348272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are synthetic compounds less used nowadays due to their toxicity combined with slow degradation which leads to accumulation in the environment. Gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) was employed prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the first time, the low-cost, eco-friendly GDME system was used to extract the OCPs directly from milk samples and associated with GC-ECD. Parameters that affect GDME's performance (extract volume, extraction time, and temperature) were optimized. The calibration curves of all OCPs (α- and β-hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, and α-endosulfan) had coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.991 to 0.995, and limits of detection (LODs) values ranging from 3.7 to 4.8 µg L-1. This method also provided satisfactory values for precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 10% and recoveries above 90%. As a proof-of-concept, several commercial milk samples were analyzed, aldrin was found in one of them but below the maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alnilan Lobato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Moreira Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
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8
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Tian F, Qiao C, Luo J, Guo L, Pang T, Pang R, Li J, Wang C, Wang R, Xie H. Development of a fast multi-residue method for the determination of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in cereals, vegetables and fruits by modified QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Sulfonic acid-based metal organic framework functionalized magnetic nanocomposite combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detector for extraction and determination of organochlorine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Souza RC, Portella RB, Almeida PVNB, Pinto CO, Gubert P, Santos da Silva JD, Nakamura TC, do Rego EL. Human milk contamination by nine organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:530-538. [PMID: 32525731 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1729630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely used around the world as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and rodenticides. Despite banned in Brazil, the usage remains occurring in many countries. The persistence and extreme mobility of OCPs contribute to the contamination of the environment and the human body. The OCPs bioaccumulation in adipose tissue triggers the excretion into human milk during breastfeeding. Hence, the present study determined eighteen OCPs residues in the breast milk of mothers from the Western Region of Bahia State, Brazil. Nine different residue species were found, including beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (9.24 ± 0.00 ng g-1 fat), delta- Hexachlorocyclohexane (22.15 ± 10.48 ng g-1 fat), Heptachlor (58.08 ± 74.13 ng g-1 fat), Aldrin (142.65 ± 50.65 ng g-1 fat), Dieldrin (774.62 ± 472.68 ng g-1 fat), Endosulfan I (408.44 ± 245.51 ng g-1 fat), Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethylene (29.17 ± 22.42 ng g-1 fat), Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (28.87 ± 0.00 ng g-1 fat) and Methoxychlor (1699.67 ± 797.43 ng g-1 fat). The Methoxychlor presence in all samples may reveal a recent exposure, while Dieldrin and Endosulfan I analyses can point to distant past exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Costa Souza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Oliveira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enoc Lima do Rego
- Chemistry Institute - IQ, University of Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Brazil
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Tian F, Qiao C, Luo J, Guo L, Pang T, Pang R, Li J, Wang C, Wang R, Xie H. Method development and validation of ten pyrethroid insecticides in edible mushrooms by Modified QuEChERS and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7042. [PMID: 32341428 PMCID: PMC7184573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of ten pyrethroid insecticides residues in edible mushrooms was developed. The samples were pretreated by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged (QuEChERS) method. The ten pyrethroid insecticides were extracted from six kinds of edible mushrooms using acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned up by octadecylsilane (C18) or primary secondary amine (PSA). Instrumental analysis was completed in 16 min using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The overall average recoveries in the six kinds of edible mushrooms at three levels (10, 100 and 1000 μg kg-1) ranged from 72.8% to 103.6%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 13.0%. The quantification limits were below 5.57 μg kg-1 in different matrices. The results demonstrated that the method is convenient for the quick detection of pyrethroid insecticides in edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Tian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Rongli Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hanzhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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12
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Balsini P, Parastar H. Development of multi‐response optimization and quadratic calibration curve for determination of ten pesticides in complex sample matrices using QuEChERS dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3553-3562. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Balsini
- Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Parastar
- Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
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13
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Production-related contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics and hormones) in organic and conventionally produced milk samples sold in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2972-2980. [PMID: 31238996 PMCID: PMC6792142 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of cow's milk, which is associated with diet and health benefits, has decreased in the USA. The simultaneous increase in demand for more costly organic milk suggests consumer concern about exposure to production-related contaminants may be contributing to this decline. We sought to determine if contaminant levels differ by the production method used. DESIGN Half-gallon containers of organic and conventional milk (four each) were collected by volunteers in each of nine US regions and shipped on ice for analysis. Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone (bovine growth hormone (bGH), bGH-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)) residues were measured using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass or tandem mass spectrometry. Levels were compared against established federal limits and by production method. SETTING Laboratory analysis of retail milk samples. RESULTS Current-use pesticides (5/15 tested) and antibiotics (5/13 tested) were detected in several conventional (26-60 %; n 35) but not in organic (n 34) samples. Among the conventional samples, residue levels exceeded federal limits for amoxicillin in one sample (3 %) and in multiple samples for sulfamethazine (37 %) and sulfathiazole (26 %). Median bGH and IGF-1 concentrations in conventional milk were 9·8 and 3·5 ng/ml, respectively, twenty and three times that in organic samples (P < 0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Current-use antibiotics and pesticides were undetectable in organic but prevalent in conventionally produced milk samples, with multiple samples exceeding federal limits. Higher bGH and IGF-1 levels in conventional milk suggest the presence of synthetic growth hormone. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these differences, if any, on consumers.
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14
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HUANG XM, WU Y, CUI JT, WANG FH, WANG X, LI YF, WU WY. Applications of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Determination of Chlorinated Paraffins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Đeđibegović J, Turalić A, Ajdinović N, Marjanović A, Omeragić E, Čaušević A, Čaklovica F, Šober M. Preliminary data on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cows' milk from Bosnia and Herzegovina market. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr1901045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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16
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Song S, Ma X, Pan M, Tong L, Tian Q. Excretion kinetics of three dominant organochlorine compounds in human milk within the first 6 months postpartum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:457. [PMID: 29995278 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is a specific and important way for women to eliminate harmful substances accumulated in body. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) are dominant organochlorine compounds(OCCs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in human being. Although a 6-month breastfeeding was suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), the excretion characteristics of OCCs in human milk during the first 6-month lactation remain controversial. The main purpose of this study was to continuously monitor the three dominant OCC concentrations and reveal their elimination characteristic in human milk within the first 6-month lactation. To do that, with one sample per month, during their first 6-month lactation, human milk samples were continuously collected from 40 mothers after their first birth. The result showed that the concentrations of the three OCCs in human milk during the lactation continuously decreased from 51.7 to 39.9 μg/kg milk lipids for HCB, from 136.5 to 84.8 μg/kg milk lipids for β-HCH, and from 307.3 to 192 μg/kg milk lipids, respectively. The excretion kinetics of each compound in milk lipids fitted zero-order kinetics during the 6-month lactation. The excretion rate of the three OCCs was approximately 3% per month for HCB and 7% per month for the other two compounds during the lactation, with tdec 1/2 of 13 months for HCB, 7.5 months for β-HCH, and 8 months for p,p'-DDE. The excretion rate of the target compounds depended on initial deposited levels, compound properties, and exposure or input source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Song
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Pan
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ling Tong
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qin Tian
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis (NRCGA), CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
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Hyper-crosslinked polymer nanoparticles as the solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of organochlorines. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1556:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Tuck S, Furey A, Crooks S, Danaher M. A review of methodology for the analysis of pyrethrin and pyrethroid residues in food of animal origin. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:911-940. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1420919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tuck
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Furey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Steven Crooks
- Chemical Surveillance Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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19
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Yildizdas HY, Ozlu F, Efeoglu P, Daglioglu N, Satar M. Non-persistent pesticides in breast milk in an agricultural area in Turkey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2387-2392. [PMID: 29463139 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1438395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates, pythyreoids, carbamate pesticides and fungicides are heavily used in agriculture. They may have dangerous effects on newborn health especially on immune system and growth via prenatal transmission by placenta or postnatal transmission by breastfeeding. METHODS In 2015, 144 non-persistent pesticides in 64 milk samples of 32 mothers were studied by OuEChERS method in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Adana, a city in Cukurova region which is an important agricultural area in Turkey. RESULTS Pesticides were detected in milk samples of 11 mothers (34.3%) and 21 (32.8%) of milk samples. In five mothers, fungicides (in 5/10 samples propicanozole-PP, in 4/10 samples bromucanozole-BM), in five mothers, organophosphates (in 10/10 samples primyphosphomethyl-PPM), in one mother, both organophosphates and fungicide (in 1/2 samples PPM and in 1/2 samples buprimate) were detected. However, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were less than acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for PPM, PP and BM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although pesticides levels in human milk did not exceed the ADIs, we suggest monitoring pesticides in human breast milk especially for newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferda Ozlu
- a Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics , Cukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Pinar Efeoglu
- b Department of Forensic Medicine , Cukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Nebile Daglioglu
- b Department of Forensic Medicine , Cukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Satar
- b Department of Forensic Medicine , Cukurova University , Adana , Turkey
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20
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21
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Determination of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat and their relevant metabolites in pistachio using modified QuEChERS combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 240:634-641. [PMID: 28946322 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A QuEChERS based methodology was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat and their relevant metabolites in pistachio by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. First, sample extraction was done with MeCN:citrate buffer:NaHCO3 followed by phase separation with the addition of MgSO4:NaCl. The supernatant was then cleaned by a primary-secondary amine (PSA), GCB, and MgSO4. The proposed method provides a linearity in the range of 5-200µgL-1, and the linear regression coefficients were higher than 0.99. LOD and LOQ were obtained to be 2 and 5µgkg-1 for the studied insecticides, respectively, with the exception of imidacloprid-olefin (5 and 10µgkg-1). Acceptable recoveries (91-110%) were obtained for all the analytes with good intra- and inter-precisions (0.4≥RSD ≤11.0). The method was then used for the pistachio samples collected from a field trial to estimate the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in next step.
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22
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David F, Devos C, Dumont E, Yang Z, Sandra P, Huertas-Pérez JF. Determination of pesticides in fatty matrices using gel permeation clean-up followed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis: A comparison of low- and high-pressure gel permeation columns. Talanta 2017; 165:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Song S, Tian Q, Tong L, Pan M, Ma S. Novel method to determine the lipid content of breast milk. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:279-283. [PMID: 27788367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fat content of breast milk is important to establish the levels of organic pollutants in human being. Traditional liquid-liquid method was reliability, but time-consuming. In this study, a rapid method that predicts the fat content of breast milk on the basis of an accurate measurement of density is developed. 17 milk powder solutions were prepared, and the densities of these solutions were calculated after measuring its volume and weight. Based on the fat content and density, three equation models, a linear functional equation and two equations obtained by polynomial regression between fat content and density, were established and demonstrated a positive relationship between the fat content and density. The three equations were used to predict the fat contents of fresh milk and breast milk based on weight, volume, and density, respectively. Results showed that the linear functional equation of density and fat content produced a satisfactory result when the density was between 0.9975 and 1.0566 g mL-1, with the predicted fat content matching well with the results from the gravimetric method. A Bland-Altman analysis also showed that the linear functional equation and gravimetric method were consistent when it was applied to measure the fat content of breast milk (n = 124, P < 0.0001). The absolute percentage error of the analytical results was less than 42.1% which is much less than other method. The weight or the density of milk samples should be measured with an accuracy of more than 0.001 g or 0.001 g mL-1, respectively, to obtain a low relative error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Song
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qin Tian
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ling Tong
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Meng Pan
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Institutes of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, China.
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24
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QuEChERS-based extraction with dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up using PSA and ZrO2-based sorbents for determination of pesticides in bovine milk samples by HPLC-DAD. Food Chem 2017; 217:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Gondo TT, Obuseng VC, Mmualefe LC, Okatch H. Employing Solid Phase Microextraction as Extraction Tool for Pesticide Residues in Traditional Medicinal Plants. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:2890219. [PMID: 27725893 PMCID: PMC5048045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2890219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
HS-SPME was optimised using blank plant sample for analysis of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) of varying polarities in selected medicinal plants obtained from northern part of Botswana, where OCPs such as DDT and endosulfan have been historically applied to control disease carrying vectors (mosquitos and tsetse fly). The optimised SPME parameters were used to isolate analytes from root samples of five medicinal plants obtained from Maun and Kasane, Botswana. The final analytes determination was done with a gas chromatograph equipped with GC-ECD and analyte was confirmed using electron ionisation mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Dieldrin was the only pesticide detected and confirmed with MS in the Terminalia sericea sample obtained from Kasane. The method was validated and the analyte recoveries ranged from 69.58 ± 7.20 to 113 ± 15.44%, with RSDs ranging from 1.19 to 17.97%. The method indicated good linearity (R2 > 0.9900) in the range of 2 to 100 ng g-1. The method also proved to be sensitive with low limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.48 ± 0.16 to 1.50 ± 0.50 ng g-1. It can be concluded that SPME was successfully utilized as a sampling and extraction tool for pesticides of diverse polarities in root samples of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamani T. Gondo
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Lesego C. Mmualefe
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Harriet Okatch
- Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Heras-Gonzalez L, Ibañez-Peinado D, Rivas A, Olea-Serrano F. Effects of maternal diet and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides on newborn weight in Southern Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:135-142. [PMID: 27174826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate eating pattern is essential during childbearing years and pregnancy to ensure a healthy pregnancy and newborn. Our group developed a Mediterranean Diet Score for Pregnancy (MDS-P) based on the MD and the specific need of pregnant women for Fe, Ca, and folic acid. Humans are daily exposed to endocrine disruptors, which may alter body weight and hormone system regulation. This study analyzed the relationship of maternal diet and in utero exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with newborn weight in mothers and newborns from Southern Spain. Higher MDS-P score, folic acid supplementation, and greater in utero exposure to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan-1 were related to higher newborn weight. MDS-P score was not associated with maternal weight gain during pregnancy (above or below 12 Kg). Residues from one or more OCPs were detected in 96.5% of umbilical cord serum samples from 320 newborns. The most frequent residues were endosulfans (96.5%). The presence of endosulfan-diol, endosulfan-I, p-p´DDT, folic acid supplementation, and a higher MDS-P (>8) were predictive factors for newborn overweight (>3500 g). Conversely, smoking during pregnancy, shorter gestation time (32-36 vs. 37-39 weeks), and lesser maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicted lower newborn weight (<2500 g). These results indicate prenatal exposure to OCPs in Southern Spain and its possible impact on the weight of healthy full-term newborns. Further studies are warranted to interpret the consequences of this exposure and identify preventive measures. Adherence to the MD and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy emerged as predictive factors for overweight in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden
| | - M Mariscal-Arcas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - L Heras-Gonzalez
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - D Ibañez-Peinado
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - F Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Jawaid S, Talpur FN, Nizamani SM, Khaskheli AA, Afridi HI. Multipesticide residue levels in UHT and raw milk samples by GC-μECD after QuEChER extraction method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:230. [PMID: 26992902 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, milk samples including raw and ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk were analyzed for pesticide residue levels, including five pesticides, viz chloripyrifos, endosulfan (α and β), profenofos and bifenthrin by gas chromatography microelectron capture detector (GC-μECD) after extraction by QuEChERS method. Further confirmation of the pesticide residue was done by GC-MS. The pesticide residual level in raw and UHT milk samples (n = 70) was determined in the range of 0.1-30 μg L(-1). All UHT processed milk samples contain pesticide residues within permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO); however, among raw milk samples, chloripyrifos (12 %), α (24 %), and β (14 %) endosulfan were found above the maximum residue limit (MRL). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of these four pesticide residues were also calculated as 1.32, 16.16, 5.30, 10.20, and 9.93 μg kg(-1) body weight for chloripyrifos, endosulfan α, profenofos, endosulfan β, and bifenthrin, respectively. It is concluded that the raw milk samples showed higher prevalence of pesticide residues as compared to UHT processed milk. Graphical abstract Determination of pesticide residues in dairy milk by GC-μECD after QuEChERS extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Jawaid
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah N Talpur
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Shafi M Nizamani
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Abid A Khaskheli
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - H I Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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28
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Multi-residue analysis of 26 organochlorine pesticides in Alpinia oxyphylla by GC-ECD after solid phase extraction and acid cleanup. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:211-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Wu M, Chen G, Liu P, Zhou W, Jia Q. Preparation of porous aromatic framework/ionic liquid hybrid composite coated solid-phase microextraction fibers and their application in the determination of organochlorine pesticides combined with GC-ECD detection. Analyst 2016; 141:243-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel porous aromatic framework/ionic liquid hybrid composite coated SPME fibers were prepared for the preconcentration of OCPs coupled with GC-ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Changchun GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co
- Ltd
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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30
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Validated analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of a wide range of pesticides in human blood using GC–MS/MS and LC–ESI/MS/MS and its application in two poisoning cases. Sci Justice 2015; 55:307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Hildmann F, Gottert C, Frenzel T, Kempe G, Speer K. Pesticide residues in chicken eggs - A sample preparation methodology for analysis by gas and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1403:1-20. [PMID: 26051081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sample preparation method was developed for the analysis of chicken eggs to determine 97 GC and 81 LC amenable residues, including organophosphates, organochlorines, pyrethroids, triazoles, carboxyl-containing compounds, and the indicator PCBs. Hereby, considerations were given to the recoveries of the analytes, the method's suitability for routine analysis, and the assessment of the clean-up effect, for which a simple thin layer chromatography was implemented to visualize the most important lipid classes. The procedure consisted of (I) the extraction by matrix solid phase dispersion, and the clean-up by means of (II) small-scale gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and (III) two different solid phase extractions (SPE) for GC and LC amenable analytes, as well as (IV) the quantification using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Cyclohexane/ethyl acetate was chosen as extraction solvent due to its suitability for extracting strong non-polar but also more polar analytes. The classical GPC was scaled down to ensure a 50% lower solvent consumption. The comprehensive investigation of conventional and modern zirconium-oxide-coated SPE materials resulted in the selection of octadecyl-modified silica (C18) combined with primary secondary amine using acetonitrile as elution solvent for GC amenable analytes and pure C18 in combination with acidified methanol for LC amenable pesticides. Compared to the currently established EN 1528 method the sample preparation proposed offered a higher sample throughput and a lower solvent consumption. Furthermore, for the first time the clean-up effectiveness of the sample preparation steps was documented as shown by means of thin-layer chromatography. The validation of chicken eggs proved the fulfillment of the quality control criteria for 164 of the 178 analytes tested, mostly at the lowest validated level of 5μg/kg for pesticides and 0.5μg/kg for the single indicator PCBs. However, the analysis of strongly polar analytes was still problematic, which could be attributed to the extraction and the GPC step. Nevertheless, the successful investigation of EU proficiency test materials (EUPT AO 07-09) confirmed the comparability of the results with the currently established sample preparation procedures and demonstrated the potential of the applicability of the presented method to other matrices as exemplified for lean poultry meat and fatty liquid cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hildmann
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Department Pesticides, Reichenbachstraße 71 - 73, 01217 Dresden, Germany; Technical University Dresden, Food Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christina Gottert
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Department Pharmacologically Active Substances, Zschopauer Straße 87, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Frenzel
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Department Pesticides, Reichenbachstraße 71 - 73, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Guenther Kempe
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Department Pharmacologically Active Substances, Zschopauer Straße 87, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Karl Speer
- Technical University Dresden, Food Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Guo Y, Kannan K. Analytical Methods for the Measurement of Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Complex Sample Matrices. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dankyi E, Gordon C, Carboo D, Fomsgaard IS. Quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soils from cocoa plantations using a QuEChERS extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:276-283. [PMID: 25194905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoids as an insecticide group in Ghana has been quite significant particularly in cocoa production. The high usage has been mainly as a result of a government policy of free insecticide spraying on cocoa farms, in an effort to curb declining yields caused by pests and diseases and to prevent the use of unapproved or banned insecticides on cocoa farms. However the scale of cocoa farming, the frequency and intensity of usage coupled with the mode of application may result in large physical volumes of insecticides in the environment. This makes the knowledge of the concentration and fate of neonicotinoids in the environment extremely important. The present study was aimed at assessing the levels of five major neonicotinoids in soils from cocoa farmlands in Ghana. Extraction and cleanup of analytes were performed by use of a method based on the original QuEChERS procedure after optimizing salts, sorbents and instrumental conditions. Analyte extraction with NaCl and MgSO4 in acidified acetonitrile followed by cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA) presented the optimum conditions for extraction. Quantification was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Validation of the procedure showed average recoveries ranging from 72.0 to 104.8% for all analytes at all fortification levels with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 15.0. Limits of quantitation were <10 μg kg(-1) for all neonicotinoids studied. The results obtained from the analysis of 52 samples from cocoa farms revealed imidacloprid as the predominant neonicotinoid with concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 251.4 μg kg(-1) in >50% of samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enock Dankyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, P.O. Box 209, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Derick Carboo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Molina-Ruiz JM, Cieslik E, Walkowska I. Optimization of the QuEChERS Method for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Chicken Liver Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synaridou MES, Sakkas VA, Stalikas CD, Albanis TA. Evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles to serve as solid-phase extraction sorbents for the determination of endocrine disruptors in milk samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:71-9. [PMID: 24837417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is proposed based on C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles as sorbents, for the determination of endocrine disruptors - 20 organochlorine pesticides and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls - in milk samples. Magnetic nanoparticles are characterized by several techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Fourier transform-infrared. The MSPE is performed by dispersion of the Fe3O4@SiO2@C18 nanoparticles in milk samples with sonication, after protein precipitation. Then, the sorbent is collected by applying an external magnetic field and the analytes are desorbed by n-hexane. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of target analytes by the magnetic nanoparticles are investigated, including washing and elution solvents, amount of sorbents, time of extraction and elution, sample and elution solvent volume. The proposed method is optimized by means of experimental design and response surface methodology. When coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection and under optimum extraction conditions, average recoveries of target analytes are found to be in the range of 79% to 116%. The proposed MSPE-GC-MS analytical method has a linear calibration curve for all target analytes with coefficients of determination to range from 0.9950 to 0.9999. The limits of quantification are found to be between 0.2 and 1μg/L ensuring compliance with the maximum residue limits established by European Commission and Codex Alimentarius, for OCPs and PCBs residues in milk. The proposed method is applied to the determination of target analytes in milk samples from local markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Evangelia S Synaridou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Vasilios A Sakkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos A Albanis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Kudo K, Usumoto Y, Usui K, Hayashida M, Kurisaki E, Saka K, Tsuji A, Ikeda N. Rapid and simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs from human whole blood for reliable semi-quantitative NAGINATA drug screening by GC–MS. Forensic Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-013-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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