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Aththanayake AMKCB, Rathnayake IVN, Deeyamulla MP, Megharaj M. Potential use of Chlorella vulgaris KCBAL01 from a freshwater stream receiving treated textile effluent in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal in extremely acidic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:780-788. [PMID: 36026594 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of hexavalent chromium with conventional chemical and physical methods is a costly process, while replacing some critical steps in physiochemical remediation with self-sustaining bioremediation agents are expected to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly implementation. In this study, a microalga isolated from a freshwater stream receiving treated textile wastewater was identified up to its molecular level and investigated its ability to tolerate and remove hexavalent chromium from extremely acidic conditions under different temperatures. The ability of microalgae to tolerate and remove Cr(VI) was investigated by growing it in BG11 media with different pH (1, 2, 3 & 7), amended with several concentrations of Cr(VI) and incubated under different temperatures for 96 hrs. Microalga was identified as Chlorella vulgaris and found that the isolated strain has a higher hexavalent chromium removal potential in extremely acidic conditions than in neutral pH conditions at 25 °C. In contrast, its Cr(VI) removal potential is significantly influenced by the pH and temperature of the growth medium. Furthermore, it exhibited a permanent viability loss at extreme acidic conditions (pH 1 - 3) and prolonged exposure to the higher chromium content. The microalga investigated will be a highly useful bioagent in hexavalent chromium remediation in high acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M K C B Aththanayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ, Sri Lanka
| | - I V N Rathnayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ, Sri Lanka
| | - M P Deeyamulla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ, Sri Lanka
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (G.C.E.R.), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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2
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Upadhyay AK, Singh L, Singh R, Singh DP, Saxena G. Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of As in the Alga Chlorococcum sp.: Prospects for As Bioremediation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:500-506. [PMID: 32930810 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous distribution, fast growth rate and manifold relevance has credited algae a potential bioresource in current state of affairs of environmental degradation. In the present study, green alga Chlorococcum sp. has been collected from waste water, isolated and cultured to assess their accumulation and toxicity responses at different As(III) concentration. Results revealed that Chlorococcum sp. treated with 10 µM As(III) showed a minimal reduction (21%) in chlorophyll concentration with high proline and carotenoids content indicating its adaptive tolerance potential against As(III). The EC50 of As(III) for inhibiting growth of the microalgae after 10 days of experiment was 9.4 µM. Further, Chlorococcum sp. accumulated 239.09 µg g- 1 dw As at the concentration of 10 µM of As(III) after 10 days of treatment. Concentration dependent accumulation pattern and antioxidant responses in Chlorococcum sp. could be a used as a potential bioindicator and bioremediator of As from waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Lav Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
- PG Department of Botany, Munger University, RD and DJ College Campus, 811201, Munger, India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
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Wu G, Cheng J, Wei J, Huang J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Growth and photosynthetic responses of Ochromonas gloeopara to cadmium stress and its capacity to remove cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116496. [PMID: 33484999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the predominant anthropogenic pollutants in aquatic systems. As Cd has negative effects on species at all trophic levels, the community composition in aquatic habitats can be changed as a result of Cd stress. The response of mixotrophic protists to environmental stressors is particularly important as they act as both producers and consumers in complex planktonic communities. In this study, we used mixotrophic Ochromonas gloeopara to study its growth and photosynthetic responses to Cd, and specially focused on the effects of initial Cd concentrations and nutrient levels on its capacity to remove Cd. Results showed that when Cd concentration reached 0.5 mg L-1, the growth rate and carrying capacity were significantly inhibited, whereas the photosynthesis was markedly decreased when Cd concentration reached 0.15 mg L-1. Moreover, under Cd concentration 0.15, 0.5, 0.9, 1.6, and 2.0 mg L-1, the removal efficiencies of Cd by O. gloeopara were 83.2%, 77.7%, 74.6%, 70.1%, and 68.8%, respectively. The increase of nitrogen did not cause significant effect on the removal capacity of Cd by O. gloeopara, but increased concentration of phosphorus significantly enhanced the removal capacity of Cd. Our findings indicated that the mixotrophic O. gloeopara has strong tolerance and capacity to remove Cd, and increasing concentration of phosphorus can increase its removal capacity, suggesting that O. gloeopara has great potential application value in mitigating Cd pollution in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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María Lourdes GC, Stéphane D, Maryline CS. Impact of increasing chromium (VI) concentrations on growth, phosphorus and chromium uptake of maize plants associated to the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05891. [PMID: 33474511 PMCID: PMC7803650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) associated to plants may represent a promising phyto-remediation avenue due to the widely documented role of these fungi in alleviation of numerous abiotic (e.g. heavy metals) stresses. In the present work, it was the objective to study the dynamics of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) and total Cr uptake by the plant-AMF associates Zea mays + R. irregularis MUCL 41833, under increasing (i.e. 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L−1) concentrations of Cr(VI). The plant-AMF associates were grown in a circulatory semi-hydroponic cultivation system under greenhouse conditions. We demonstrated that Cr(VI) had an hormesis effect on root colonization of maize. Indeed, at 0.1 and 1 mg L−1 Cr(VI), root colonization was increased by approximately 55% as compared to the control (i.e. in absence of Cr(VI) in the solution), while no difference was noticed at 10 mg L−1 Cr(VI) (P ≤ 0.05). However, this did not result in an increased uptake of Pi by the AMF-colonized plants in presence of 0.1 mg L−1 Cr(VI) as compared to the AMF control in absence of Cr(VI) (P ≤ 0.05). Conversely, the presence of 1 mg L−1 Cr(VI) stimulated the Pi uptake by non-mycorrhizal plants, which absorbed 17% more Pi than their mycorrhizal counterparts (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, the non-mycorrhizal plants absorbed, in average, 8% more Cr(VI) than the mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our results prompt the hypothesis that in presence of AMF, the regulation of uptake of Cr(VI) and Pi by plant roots is done mostly by the fungus rather than the root cells. This regulated uptake of roots associated to AMF would indicate that the symbiosis could benefit the plants by providing a stable Pi uptake in a Cr(VI) polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Cardeza María Lourdes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Cs. Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Cs Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Exp. Villarino, Zavalla, 2123, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Declerck Stéphane
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Calonne-Salmon Maryline
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Lu T, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Hu B, Chen J, Chen J, Qian H. Pollutant toxicology with respect to microalgae and cyanobacteria. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:175-186. [PMID: 33183695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution in aquatic environment is a worldwide problem. Toxicological research on microalgae and cyanobacteria can help to establish a solid foundation for aquatic ecotoxicological assessments. Algae and cyanobacteria occupy a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic environments; thus, their toxicological responses have been investigated extensively. However, the depth of toxic mechanisms and breadth of toxicological investigations need to be improved. While existing pollutants are being discharged into the environment daily, new ones are also being produced continuously. As a result, the phenomenon of water pollution has become unprecedentedly complex. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on five kinds of aquatic pollutants, namely, metals, nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Further, we present information on emerging pollutants such as graphene, microplastics, and ionic liquids. Efforts in studying the toxicological effects of pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria must be increased in order to better predict the potential risks posed by these materials to aquatic ecosystems as well as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Rodgher S, Contador TM, Rocha GS, Espindola ELG. Effect of phosphorus on the toxicity of zinc to the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190050. [PMID: 33174910 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) on the toxicity of zinc (Zn) for the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. P was provided in three concentrations: 2.3 x 10-4 mol L-1, 2.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1. Algal cells were acclimated to the specific P concentrations before the start of the experiment. The chemical equilibrium software MINEQL+ 4.61 was employed to calculate the Zn2+ concentration. After acclimated, the algal cells were inoculated into media containing different Zn concentrations (0.09 x 10-6 mol L-1 to 9.08 x 10-6 mol L-1). The study showed that besides the reduction in algal growth rates, phosphorus had an important influence on the toxicity of zinc for microalga. The inhibitory Zn2+ concentration values for R. subcapitata were 2.74 x 10-6 mol L-1, 0.58 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 0.24 x 10-6 mol L-1 for the microalgae acclimated at P concentrations of 2.3 x 10-4 mol L-1, 2.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. Ecotoxicological studies should consider the interaction between metal concentrations and varying P values to provide realistic data of what occurs in phytoplankton communities in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzelei Rodgher
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (UNESP/SJC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais M Contador
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (UNESP/SJC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli S Rocha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espindola
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Zsiros O, Nagy G, Patai R, Solymosi K, Gasser U, Polgár TF, Garab G, Kovács L, Hörcsik ZT. Similarities and Differences in the Effects of Toxic Concentrations of Cadmium and Chromium on the Structure and Functions of Thylakoid Membranes in Chlorella variabilis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1006. [PMID: 32733513 PMCID: PMC7358611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal contaminations in natural waters, wetlands, and wastewaters pose serious threats to aquatic ecosystems-mainly via targeting microalgae. In this work, we investigated the effects of toxic amounts of chromium and cadmium ions on the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery of Chlorella variabilis cells. To halt the propagation of cells, we used high concentrations of Cd and Cr, 50-50 mg L-1, in the forms of CdCl2 x 2.5 H2O and K2Cr2O7, respectively. Both treatments led to similar, about 50% gradual diminishment of the chlorophyll contents of the cells in 48 h, which was, however, accompanied by a small (~10%) but statistically significant enrichment (Cd) and loss (Cr) of ß-carotene. Both Cd and Cr inhibited the activity of photosystem II (PSII)-but with more severe inhibitions with Cr. On the contrary, the PsbA (D1) protein of PSII and the PsbO protein of the oxygen-evolving complex were retained more in Cr-treated cells than in the presence of Cd. These data and the higher susceptibility of P700 redox transients in Cr-treated cells suggest that, unlike with Cd, PSII is not the main target in the photochemical apparatus. These differences at the level of photochemistry also brought about dissimilarities at higher levels of the structural complexity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measurements revealed moderate perturbations in the macro-organization of the protein complexes-with more pronounced decline in Cd-treated cells than in the cells with Cr. Also, as reflected by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering, the thylakoid membranes suffered shrinking and were largely fragmented in Cd-treated cells, whereas no changes could be discerned with Cr. The preservation of integrity of membranes in Cr-treated cells was most probably aided by high proportion of the de-epoxidized xanthophylls, which were absent with Cd. It can thus be concluded that beside strong similarities of the toxic effects of Cr and Cd, the response of the photosynthetic machinery of C. variabilis to these two trace metal ions substantially differ from each other-strongly suggesting different inhibitory and protective mechanisms following the primary toxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Urs Gasser
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tamás F. Polgár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tibor Hörcsik
- Department of Biology Nyíregyháza, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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Xu M, Barbosa da Silva E, Gao P, Liao R, Wu J, Ma J, Yang G, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Long L. Biochar impact on chromium accumulation by rice through Fe microbial-induced redox transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121807. [PMID: 31831288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) dissimilatory reduction might impact chromium (Cr) mobility in the rice rhizosphere, but it is poorly understood. We assessed rhizosphere microbes' role in Cr immobilization and bioavailability by conducting the pot experiment to test different biochar sources (PMB - pig manure and PSB - pine sawdust) and phosphorus (P) levels impact on Cr mobility. Results showed that PMB application increased root biomass (23-65 %) and decreased root Cr concentration (46-74 %) regardless P treatment. However, P addition reduced root and shoot biomass in control and PMB treatments by 33-43 % and 25-26 %. Therefore, low P input is recommended in Cr-contaminated soil. Moreover, Geobacter was the key microbial groups which may be involved in promoting Cr release by increasing Fe dissolution. Finally, Geobacter and Fe dissimilatory reduction play a central role in Cr translocation and they should be considered in strategies to reduce rice Cr uptake by biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Evandro Barbosa da Silva
- Research Center for Soil Contamination & Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China; Innovative Technical Solutions, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ruiting Liao
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinlong Xiao
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Luo H, Xiang Y, He D, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang S, Pan X. Leaching behavior of fluorescent additives from microplastics and the toxicity of leachate to Chlorella vulgaris. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:1-9. [PMID: 31075575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical additives leaching from microplastics and their effects on physiology of microalgae are of environmental significance. So far, these issues remain unclear. Here, the leaching behavior of fluorescent additives from polyurethane sponge microplastics in simulated (acidic, saline, and basic water) and natural waters (river, lake, wetland, and sea water) was investigated. Release amount of additives increased with increasing solution pH and leaching time. The maximum release amount was reached at the leaching time of 12-24 h and the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-like substances were identified in the leachate. The leached concentrations of fluorescent additives in simulated and natural waters followed the order of basic water > saline water > seawater > West Lake > River > Wetland. Effects of leachate and microplastics on growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris were further evaluated. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased with increasing leachate concentrations. Only high content (1.6 g L-1) of microplastics exerted significant inhibitory influence on cell photosynthesis when microalgae were exposed to microplastics alone. Retention of algal cells inside the porous sponge microplastics did not change their photosynthetic efficiency. These findings indicate that leaching process of additives from microplastics depends mainly on water environments and the leached chemicals may pose ecological risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yahui Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Chen X, Su L, Yin X, Pei Y. Responses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to boron: Mechanisms of toxicity assessed by multiple endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103208. [PMID: 31207443 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) has been widely used and contaminated the aquatic ecosystem. However, knowledge of the effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPP) on algae remains limited. This study aimed to assess SPP toxicity using multiple endpoints, specially detecting the intracellular metal ion concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) classes for the very first time during SPP exposure to Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). Our findings indicated that the inhibitory effects of SPP on C. vulgaris may be related to nutrient absorption and utilization. The changes in intracellular starch grains, MDA and the protein-like substances in EPS probably acted as a defense mechanism, helping to alleviate the toxic effects. This work may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of SPP toxicity in algae. Further studies may focus on the effects of B on speciation of metallic ions and the interaction of B with metallic ions on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liya Su
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinan Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Xi J, Shao J, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang H, Zhang X, Xiong D. Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 158:135-142. [PMID: 31378349 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments. Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris, by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC50) was 0.82 mg/L (95% confidential interval 0.70-0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbC and rbcL) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Xi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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12
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Xu L, Wu X. Effects of Physiological Integration and Phosphorus on Spread of Alternanthera philoxeroides from Soil to Chromium-Contaminated Aquatic Habitats. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xiao Wu
- International Office of Cooperation & Exchange, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
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13
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Zou H, Hu E, Yang S, Gong L, He F. Chromium(VI) removal by mechanochemically sulfidated zero valent iron and its effect on dechlorination of trichloroethene as a co-contaminant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:419-426. [PMID: 30199686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron (S-mZVIbm) is a promising groundwater remediation material as it has been proven to be not only efficient in dechlorinating chlorinated compounds but also amenable to up-scaling. Yet, its efficiency in treating metal contaminants remains barely studied. In this study, we investigated the mechanism and efficiencies of Cr(VI) removal by S-mZVIbm and its effect on TCE dechlorination as a co-contaminant. The Cr(VI) removal by S-mZVIbm was mainly a chemisorption process and its kinetics was well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. Alkaline pH inhibited Cr(VI) removal while dissolved oxygen slightly depressed the Cr(VI) removal. The Cr(VI) removal rapidly formed a non-conductive layer on S-mZVIbm surface to hinder further electron transfer from Fe0 core before H+ was able to accept any electrons to produce H2, which resulted in 100% electron efficiencies of Cr(VI) removal but <1% of Fe0 utilization efficiency. The presence of Cr(VI) also dramatically inhibited the dechlorination of TCE and its electron efficiency as a co-contaminant by passivating the FeS surface. Therefore, Cr(VI) is likely to be an electron sink if present for remediation of other contaminants in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Erdan Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shangyuan Yang
- R&D Center of Zhejiang Zone-King Environment Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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14
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Du B, Zhang Z, Liu W, Ye Y, Lu T, Zhou Z, Li Y, Fu Z, Qian H. Acute toxicity of the fungicide azoxystrobin on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:72-79. [PMID: 30384169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is an effective broad-spectrum fungicide. Due to its extensive application, AZ is detectable in aquatic ecosystems and thus influences aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute toxicity (96 h) of AZ at concentrations of 1.0 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were examined. At the tested concentrations, AZ significantly inhibited P. tricornutum growth and destroyed its cellular structure. Furthermore, the mechanisms of AZ-induced toxicity on P. tricornutum changed as the exposure time extended. Forty-eight hours after exposure, AZ inhibited P. tricornutum growth primarily via inducing oxidative stress, which increased the activity of two main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and inhibited energy metabolism. However, after 96 h of treatment, the decline in the photosynthetic capacity of P. tricornutum demonstrated that the photosystem was the main AZ target. The pigment content and expression levels of genes related to photosynthetic electron transfer reactions were also significantly decreased. The present study describes AZ toxicity in P. tricornutum and is very valuable for assessing the environmental risk of AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benben Du
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Wanyue Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhanyu Fu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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15
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Xu L, Wu X, Xiang D. Risk Expansion of Cr Through Amphibious Clonal Plant from Polluted Aquatic to Terrestrial Habitats. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:422-430. [PMID: 33817111 PMCID: PMC7874729 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource sharing between the connected ramets of clonal plants through physiological integration can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. However, the role of physiological integration in the translocation of heavy-metal pollutants between different habitats receives little attention, especially in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. An amphibious clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate plant expansion from unpolluted soil to a chromium (Cr)-polluted water environment. Basal older ramets growing in unpolluted soil were connected or disconnected with apical younger ramets of the same fragments in polluted environments at different Cr concentrations. Harvested basal ramets were also used for decomposition tests for the loss of residual mass and release of Cr to soil. With increasing Cr concentration there was reduction in biomass of the apical ramets, especially those separated from the basal parts. Cr was detected in the basal ramets with connection to apical parts. The decomposition of plant litter from the basal ramets connected with polluted apical parts might release retained Cr to unpolluted soil. The amount and chemical forms of Cr in the plant litter changed over time. It is concluded that Cr could be transferred from polluted aquatic to unpolluted terrestrial habitats through amphibious clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Xiao Wu
- International Office of Cooperation & Exchange, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Dan Xiang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.,Center for Rural Environmental Studies, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
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16
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Sinha V, Pakshirajan K, Manikandan NA, Chaturvedi R. Kinetics, biochemical and factorial analysis of chromium uptake in a multi-ion system by Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:1007-1016. [PMID: 28436682 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1319323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of wastewater from electroplating and leather industries is a major concern for the environment due to the presence of toxic Cr6+ and other ions, such as sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, etc. This study evaluated the potential of Tradescantia pallida, a plant species known for its Cr bioaccumulation, for the simultaneous removal of Cr6+, SO42-, NO3-, and PO43-. The effect of different co-ions on Cr6+ removal by T. pallida was examined following the Plackett-Burman design of experiments carried out under batch hydroponics conditions. The results revealed a maximum removal of 84% Cr6+, 87% SO42-, 94% NO3- and 100% PO43- without any phytotoxic effect on the plant for an initial Cr6+ concentration in the range 5-20 mg L-1. SO42- and NO3- enhanced Cr uptake at a high initial Cr concentration (20 mg L-1), whereas PO43- did not affect Cr uptake both at high and low initial Cr concentrations. The Cr6+ removal kinetics in the presence of different ions was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which revealed that both biosorption and bioaccumulation of the metal played an important role in Cr6+ removal. Increase in the total carbohydrate and protein content of the plant following Cr6+ and co-ions exposure indicated a good tolerance of the plant toward Cr6+ toxicity. Furthermore, enhancement in the lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in T. pallida upon Cr6+ exposure revealed a maximum stress-induced condition in the plant. Overall, this study demonstrated a very good potential of the plant T. pallida for Cr6+ removal from wastewater even in the presence of co-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Sinha
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - N Arul Manikandan
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Rakhi Chaturvedi
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
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17
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Gil-Cardeza ML, Calonne-Salmon M, Gómez E, Declerck S. Short-term chromium (VI) exposure increases phosphorus uptake by the extraradical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:27-34. [PMID: 28829949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a potent carcinogen, while phosphorus is an essential nutrient. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the uptake of P is well known and was also reported, at low levels, for Cr. However, it is unclear whether the uptake of Cr can impact the short-term uptake dynamics of P since both elements have a similar chemical structure and may thus potentially compete with each other during the uptake process. This study investigated the impact of Cr(VI) on short-term P uptake by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 in Medicago truncatula. Bi-compartmented Petri plates were used to spatially separate a root compartment (RC) from a hyphal compartment (HC) using a whole plant in vitro culture system. The HC was supplemented with Cr(VI). Chromium(VI) as well as total Cr and P were monitored during 16 h within the HC and their concentrations determined by the end of the experiment within roots and shoots. Our results indicated that the uptake and translocation of Cr from hyphae to roots was a fast process: roots in which the extraradical mycelium (ERM) was exposed to Cr(VI) accumulated more Cr than roots of which the ERM was not exposed to Cr(VI) or was dead. Our results further confirmed that dead ERM immobilized more Cr than alive ERM. Finally our results demonstrated that the short exposure to Cr(VI) was sufficient to stimulate P uptake by the ERM and that the stimulation process began within the first 4 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Gil-Cardeza
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, IICAR (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Cs Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Exp. Villarino, Zavalla (2123), Argentina.
| | - Maryline Calonne-Salmon
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elena Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Vegetal y Microbiana, IICAR (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Cs Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Exp. Villarino, Zavalla (2123), Argentina
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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18
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Song H, Lavoie M, Fan X, Tan H, Liu G, Xu P, Fu Z, Paerl HW, Qian H. Allelopathic interactions of linoleic acid and nitric oxide increase the competitive ability of Microcystis aeruginosa. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1865-1876. [PMID: 28398349 PMCID: PMC5520033 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms are increasing worldwide with major societal and economic costs. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algal competitors can affect toxic bloom formation, but the exact mechanisms of interspecies interactions remain unknown. Using metabolomic and proteomic profiling of co-cultures of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa with a green alga as well as of microorganisms collected in a Microcystis spp. bloom in Lake Taihu (China), we disentangle novel interspecies allelopathic interactions. We describe an interspecies molecular network in which M. aeruginosa inhibits growth of Chlorella vulgaris, a model green algal competitor, via the release of linoleic acid. In addition, we demonstrate how M. aeruginosa takes advantage of the cell signaling compound nitric oxide produced by C. vulgaris, which stimulates a positive feedback mechanism of linoleic acid release by M. aeruginosa and its toxicity. Our high-throughput system-biology approach highlights the importance of previously unrecognized allelopathic interactions between a broadly distributed toxic cyanobacterial bloom former and one of its algal competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Lavel, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hana Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA.,College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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19
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Aharchaou I, Rosabal M, Liu F, Battaglia E, Vignati DAL, Fortin C. Bioaccumulation and subcellular partitioning of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:49-57. [PMID: 27866075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromium occurs in aquatic environments under two main redox forms, namely Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with different geochemical and biochemical properties. Cr(VI) readily crosses biological membranes of living organisms and once inside the cells it undergoes a rapid reduction to Cr(III). The route of entry for the latter form is, however, poorly known. Using the radioactive tracer 51Cr we compared the accumulation (absorption and adsorption) of the two Cr forms by the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii after 1h and 72h of exposure to 100nM of either Cr(III) or Cr(VI) at pH 7. Both Cr forms had similar accumulation, with a major part in the extracellular (adsorbed) fraction after 1h and a major part of total accumulated Cr in the intracellular (absorbed) fraction after 72h. We also investigated the intracellular partitioning of Cr using an operational fractionation scheme and found that both Cr forms had similar distributions among fractions: Cr was mostly associated with organelles (23±12% after 1h and 37±7% after 72h) and cytosolic heat-stable proteins and peptides (39±18% after 1h and 35±3% after 72h) fractions. Further investigations using a metallomic approach (SEC-ICP-MS) were performed with the heat-stable proteins and peptides fraction to compare the distribution of the two Cr forms among various biomolecules of this fraction. One Cr-binding biomolecule (∼28kDa) appeared after 1h of exposure for both Cr species. After 72h another biomolecule of lower molecular weight (∼0.7kDa) was involved in binding Cr and higher signal intensities were observed for Cr(VI) than for Cr(III). We show, for the first time, that both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have similar fate within algal cells, supporting the tenet that a unique redox form occurs within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Aharchaou
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Eric Battaglia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Davide A L Vignati
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, 8 rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Claude Fortin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9, Canada.
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20
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Nowicka B, Pluciński B, Kuczyńska P, Kruk J. Physiological characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimated to chronic stress induced by Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu and Hg ions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:133-145. [PMID: 27104807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation to heavy metal-induced stress is a complex phenomenon. Among the mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity, an important one is the ability to induce oxidative stress, so that the antioxidant response is crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal ions. The effect of chronic stress induced by ions of five heavy metals, Ag, Cu, Cr (redox-active metals) Cd, Hg (nonredox-active metals) on the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was examined at two levels - the biochemical (content of photosynthetic pigments and prenyllipid antioxidants, lipid peroxidation) and the physiological (growth rate, photosynthesis and respiration rates, induction of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence). The expression of the genes which encode the enzymes participating in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (APX1, CAT1, FSD1, MSD1) was measured. The other gene measured was one required for plastoquinone and α-tocopherol biosynthesis (VTE3). The application of heavy metal ions partly inhibited growth and biosynthesis of chlorophyll. The growth inhibition was accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation. An increase in the content of prenyllipid antioxidants was observed in cultures exposed to Cr2O7(2-), Cd(2+) (α- and γ-tocopherol and plastoquinone) and Cu(2+) (only tocopherols). The induction of nonphotochemical quenching was enhanced in cultures exposed to Cu(2+), Cr2O7(2-) and Cd(2+), as compared to the control. Chronic heavy metal-induced stress led to changes in gene expression dependent on the type and concentration of heavy metal ions. The up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes was usually accompanied by the up-regulation of the VTE3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Pluciński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Kuczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Gao C, De Schamphelaere KAC, Smolders E. Zinc toxicity to the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata decreases under phosphate limiting growth conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:74-82. [PMID: 26851570 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that phosphorus (P) deficiency can increase the sensitivity of microalgae to toxic trace metals, potentially due to reduced metal detoxification at low cell P quota. The existing evidence is, however, inconsistent. This study was set up to determine the combined effects of zinc (Zn) and P supplies on Zn and P bioaccumulation and growth of the green microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Zinc toxicity was investigated in (i) a 24h growth rate assay with cells varying in initial cell P quota (0.5-1.7% P on cell dry weight) with no supplemental P during Zn exposure (Expt. 1) and in (ii) a 48h growth assay initiated with cells at the end of a 14-days steady state culture at three P addition rates (RARs) between 0.8 and 1.6day(-1) (Expt.2). The solution Zn concentrations required to reduce final cell density by 10% relative to control (EbC10) were 5-fold (Expt.1) or 2-fold (Expt.2) lower at the highest P supply than at the lowest P supply, i.e. Zn was more toxic at higher P supply, in contrast with the suggestions from previous studies. Cell P quota increased with increasing Zn in the exposure solution (Expt.2), thereby partially overcoming P deficiency under moderate Zn toxicity compared to low Zn exposure. Similarly, cell Zn increased with increasing P supply, potentially induced by Zn-P complexation or precipitation inside the cell. A dynamic growth model accounting for effects of external Zn and internal P on the specific growth rate was calibrated to all data. This model shows that the effect of solution Zn on specific growth rate (ErC50) was statistically unaffected by cell P quota. In contrast, this model predicts that the EbC10 (i.e. EC10 based on cell numbers) varies with P supply because cell P depends on external P and Zn. Moreover, scenario analysis predicts even contrasting trends of the EbC10 with increasing P supply depending on the duration of the growth assay and the P supply scenario. Our data at two experimental scenarios and the prediction under various relevant scenarios suggest a weaker effect of secondary stress factor (Zn) when nutrient deficiency (first stress factor) is prevailing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gao
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - K A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - E Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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de Oliveira LM, Gress J, De J, Rathinasabapathi B, Marchi G, Chen Y, Ma LQ. Sulfate and chromate increased each other's uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:36-43. [PMID: 26761595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Plants were exposed to 1) 0.1 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25 or 2.5 mM sulfate or 2) 0.25 mM sulfate and 0, 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 1 d in hydroponics. P. vittata accumulated 26 and 1261 mg kg(-1) Cr in the fronds and roots at CrVI0.1, and 2197 and 1589 mg kg(-1) S in the fronds and roots at S0.25. Increasing sulfate concentrations increased Cr root concentrations by 16-66% and helped CrVI reduction to CrIII whereas increasing CrVI concentrations increased frond sulfate concentrations by 3-27%. Increasing sulfate concentrations enhanced TBARS concentrations in the biomass, indicating oxidative stress caused lipid peroxidation in plant cell membranes. However, addition of 0.25-2.5 mM sulfate alleviated CrVI's toxic effects and decreased TBARS from 23.5 to 9.46-12.3 μmol g(-1) FW. Though CrVI was supplied, 78-96% of CrIII was in the biomass, indicating efficient CrVI reduction to CrIII by P. vittata. The data indicated the amazing ability of P. vittata in Cr uptake at 289 mg kg(-1) h(-1) with little translocation to the fronds. These results indicated that P. vittata had potential in Cr phytoremediation in contaminated sites but further studies are needed to evaluate this potential. The facts that CrVI and sulfate helped each other in uptake by P. vittata suggest that CrVI was not competing with sulfate uptake in P. vittata. However, the mechanisms of how sulfate and CrVI enhance each other's accumulation in P. vittata need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jaysankar De
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Giuliano Marchi
- Researcher at Embrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, km 18, CP 08223, CEP 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | - Yanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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de Oliveira LM, Lessl JT, Gress J, Tisarum R, Guilherme LRG, Ma LQ. Chromate and phosphate inhibited each other's uptake and translocation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:240-246. [PMID: 25434865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chromate (CrVI) and phosphate (P) on their uptake and translocation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV). Plants were exposed to 1) 0.10 mM CrVI and 0, 0.25, 1.25, or 2.50 mM P or 2) 0.25 mM P and 0, 0.50, 2.5 or 5.0 mM CrVI for 24 h in hydroponics. PV accumulated 2919 mg/kg Cr in the roots at CrVI₀.₁₀, and 5100 and 3500 mg/kg P in the fronds and roots at P₀.₂₅. When co-present, CrVI and P inhibited each other's uptake in PV. Increasing P concentrations reduced Cr root concentrations by 62-82% whereas increasing CrVI concentrations reduced frond P concentrations by 52-59% but increased root P concentrations by 11-15%. Chromate reduced P transport, with more P being accumulated in PV roots. Though CrVI was supplied, 64-78% and 92-93% CrIII were in PV fronds and roots. Based on X-ray diffraction, Cr₂O₃ was detected in the roots confirming CrVI reduction to CrIII by PV. In short, CrVI and P inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV, and CrVI reduction to CrIII in PV roots served as its detoxification mechanism. The finding helps to understand the interactions of P and Cr during their uptake in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letúzia M de Oliveira
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jason T Lessl
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julia Gress
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
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Ammonium reduces chromium toxicity in the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Xie J, Bai X, Li Y, Sun C, Qian H, Fu Z. The effect of glufosinate on nitrogen assimilation at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1430-1438. [PMID: 25017959 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of glufosinate, a widely used herbicide, on the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum through short-term toxicity tests at the physiological and gene transcriptional levels. Glufosinate (4 mg L(-1)) decreased the amount of pigments but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels. As a glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor, glufosinate affected the transcripts and activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation. Transcript levels of GS and nitrate reductase (NR) in P. tricornutum decreased to only 57 and 26 % of the control. However, transcript levels of nitrate transporter (NRT) and the small subunit of glutamate synthase (GltD) were 1.79 and 1.76 times higher than that of the control. The activities of NRT, GS and GOGAT were consistent with gene expression except for NR, which was regulated mainly by post-translational modification. Furthermore, the results of electron microscopy showed that chloroplast structure was disrupted in response to glufosinate exposure. These results demonstrated that glufosinate first disturbed nitrogen metabolism and caused a ROS burst, which disrupted chloroplast ultrastructure. Ultimately, the growth of P. tricornutum was greatly inhibited by glufosinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
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