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Lin C, Wang Y, Hu G, Yu R, Huang H. Source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in a soil-rice-human system, Jiulong River Basin, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121489. [PMID: 36958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The source apportionment and transfer of Pb in a paddy soil-rice-human system within the Jiulong River Basin in southeast China was investigated by analyzing (1) the chemical fractionation of Pb in paddy soils using a modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure, and (2) the bioaccessibility of Pb in both paddy soils and rice grains using a Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test method. In addition, a qualitative Pb isotopic model was used in combination with IsoSource software to quantify the contribution of potential Pb sources. The results show the enrichment of Pb in agro-ecosystems in the Jiulong River Basin. Contaminant Pb in paddy soils was mainly present in the reducible (42.9%) and the residual fractions (27.1%). The average bioaccessibility of Pb in rice grains was significantly higher than that in paddy soil, with values of 77.85% and 37.44%, respectively. Lead in paddy soils was primarily derived from agricultural (35.3%), natural (25.5%), industrial (24.5%) and coal combustion sources (14.7%), while Pb in rice grains was primarily derived from coal combustion (54.1%), agricultural (35.1%), industrial (6.0%) and natural sources (4.8%). The bioaccessible Pb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources [agricultural (42.3% for soil and 25.3% for grain) and coal combustion sources (25.3% for soil and 59.3% for grain)]. Lead isotopic ratios are an effective tracer of Pb transfer from potential sources to rice plants and within the rice plants. Rice plants absorb Pb from the soil and the atmosphere through the roots and leaves, respectively. Most of the Pb was accumulated in roots. The integrated use of chemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and Pb isotopic data provides an effective method to study the source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in paddy soil-rice-human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China.
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Rzetala MA, Machowski R, Solarski M, Bakota D, Płomiński A, Rzetala M. Toxic Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids in Bottom Sediments as a Geoecological Indicator of a Water Body's Suitability for Recreational Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4334. [PMID: 36901343 PMCID: PMC10002218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of bottom sediments was conducted within the basins of water bodies used for recreational purposes (e.g., bathing, fishing and diving) in the Silesian Upland and its periphery in southern Poland. Various concentrations of trace elements were found in bottom sediments, reflected by the following levels: Pb (30-3020 mg/kg), Zn (142-35,300 mg/kg), Cd (0.7-286 mg/kg), Ni (10-115 mg/kg), Cu (11-298 mg/kg), Co (3-40 mg/kg), Cr (22-203 mg/kg), As (8-178 mg/kg), Ba (263-19,300 mg/kg), Sb (0.9-52.5 mg/kg), Br (1-31 mg/kg), Sr (63-510 mg/kg) and S (0.001-4.590%). These trace elements are present in amounts that usually exceed those found in other bodies of water or are sometimes even unprecedented among bodies of water in the world (e.g., cadmium-286 mg/kg, zinc-35,300 mg/kg, lead-3020 mg/kg, arsenic-178 mg/kg). It was found that bottom sediments were contaminated to varying degrees with toxic metals, metalloids and non-metals, as evidenced by the values of geoecological indicators, i.e., the geoaccumulation index (-6.31 < Igeo < 10.90), the sediment contamination factor (0.0 ≤ Cfi < 286.0), the sediment contamination degree (4.6 < Cd < 513.1) and the ratios of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background (0.5 < IRE < 196.9). It was concluded that the presence of toxic elements (e.g., lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, strontium and arsenic) in bottom sediments should be taken into account when classifying water bodies as suitable for recreational use. A maximum ratio of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background of IRE ≤ 5.0 was proposed as the threshold for the permissibility of recreational use of water bodies. The water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Silesian Upland and its periphery do not meet the geoecological conditions for safe use in terms of recreation and leisure activities. Forms of their recreational use that directly affect the participants' health (e.g., fishing and the consumption of fish and other aquatic organisms) should be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna A. Rzetala
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Machowski
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Solarski
- Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Daniel Bakota
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Waszyngtona 4/8, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Płomiński
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Waszyngtona 4/8, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Rzetala
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Ma C, Xie P, Yang J, Liu F, Hu H, Du J, Zhang K, Lin L, Zhang H. Relative contribution of environmental medium and internal organs to lead accumulation of wheat grain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151832. [PMID: 34813811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in wheat has received considerable research attention globally due to its persistence and ease of accumulation, posing severe health risks to humans. This study explored the relative contribution of the environmental medium (atmospheric deposition and soil) and wheat internal organs to Pb accumulation in wheat grains, using field experiments by contrasting treatments. The concentration and bioavailability of Pb in the soil were significantly lower than those of atmospherically deposited Pb (P < 0.05). Pb accumulation rate in wheat grains was consistent with the grain filling rate, which first increased and then decreased, reaching the highest level at the middle filling stage. Pb isotope analysis showed that atmospheric deposition was the main source of Pb in the shoots of wheat plants, contributing more than 80.0% of Pb in grains. Although the roots had the highest Pb concentration, the spikes had the greatest relative contribution (58.4%) to Pb accumulation in the wheat grains, followed by that of the leaves (24.5%), whereas the contribution of roots was the lowest (17.1%) among all plant organs. In addition, among all leaves, the contribution of flag leaves to Pb accumulation in the grain was higher than the cumulative contribution of all other leaves, where flag leaves and other leaves contributed 13.8% and 10.7%, respectively. Collectively, the absorption of atmospherically deposited Pb by wheat spikes is the leading cause of Pb pollution in wheat grains. These results may aid in formulating strategies to reduce Pb concentration in grains and ensure food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Huafeng Hu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 45001, China
| | - Jun Du
- Henan Academy of agricultural sciences, Zhengzhou 45001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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Lin Q, Dai W, Chen JQ, Jin Y, Yang Y, Wang YY, Zhang BF, Fan JM, Lou LP, Shen ZG, Shen CF, Mao JD. Airborne lead: A vital factor influencing rice lead accumulation in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128169. [PMID: 34979386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, lead (Pb) in rice grains has been thought to be mostly derived from soil, and the contribution of aerosol Pb remains so far unknown. Based on a meta-analysis, we surprisingly found rice Pb content decreased proportionally with urban atmospheric Pb concentrations in major rice-growing provinces in China during 2001-2015, suggestive of the strong influence of long-range Pb transport on agricultural environment. With the combination of field survey, field experiment, as well as a predictive model, we confirmed high contribution of atmospheric exposure to rice grain Pb in China. We for the first time developed a predictive mathematical model which revealed that aerosol Pb accumulation ratios of rice grains were related to both grain weight and accumulation types. We successfully predicted the national-scale rice Pb in China on the basis of the public data of urban PM2.5 from 19 rice-growing provinces and proposed a seasonal atmospheric Pb limit of 0.20 µg m-3 based on the safe threshold level of Pb in rice, which was much lower than the current limit of 1 µg m-3 set in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China.
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Jun-Qiao Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310007, PR China
| | - Bao-Feng Zhang
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310007, PR China
| | - Jia-Ming Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Zhen-Guo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Chao-Feng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Dong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States
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Feng Y, Liu F, Li M, Cui Y, Jiang X, Yu X. Risk assessment and ecotoxicological effects of leachates extracted from industrial district soils of Nanjing, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1343-1353. [PMID: 33433767 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of industrial development and urbanization, soil pollution is increasingly prominent. Therefore, the potential adverse effects caused by industrial activities need to be investigated. In this study, nine soil samples were collected from the industrial district of Nanjing, China, and the heavy metal concentrations were analyzed. Ambient severity of health (ASI) and ambient severity of ecology (ASII) caused by heavy metals in soil extracts were also evaluated via the multi-media environmental goals (MEG). The environmental risk assessment model was used to assess the health risk of soil extracts. The toxicity of soil extracts was diagnosed for wheat and Vicia faba. The results indicate that the contents of heavy metals were significantly different among the nine soil samples and mass concentration of heavy metals were as followed: Pb > Mn > As > Zn > Cd. Except for CK and S9, the total health impact of all sampling sites were greater than 1. Also, the total ecological hazard degrees of the five heavy metals were all greater than 1, which showed that the soil extracts were harmful to human health and ecological environment. According to the risk characterization model, the carcinogen risk of soil extracts was 1 to 10 orders of magnitude higher than that of non-carcinogens. Drinking water intake was the most direct and primary exposure route. In addition, the ecotoxicological results indicated that with the increase of heavy metal concentration, the activity of amylase (AMS) decreased, while the activity of peroxide (POD) increased, indicating that the soil extracts were toxic to V. faba. The micronucleus rates of V. faba root tips in the sampling soils were significantly higher compared with the control group, reflecting the higher genotoxicity. Our study provides theoretical support for the evaluation of potential health and ecological risks in this industrial district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yibin Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiezhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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6
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Liu Y, Yang H, Wan R, Khan MR, Wang N, Busquets R, Deng R, He Q, Zhao Z. Ratiometric G-Quadruplex Assay for Robust Lead Detection in Food Samples. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080274. [PMID: 34436076 PMCID: PMC8391220 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) pollution is a serious food safety issue, rapid detection of Pb2+ residual in food is vital to guarantee food quality and safety. Here we proposed ratiometric aptamer probes, allowing robust Pb2+ supervision in food samples. Pb2+ specific aptamer can bolster a transition of G-quadruplex structural response to Pb2+; this process can be monitored by N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), which is highly specific to G-quadruplex. Particularly, the utilization of G-quadruplex specific dye and terminal-labeled fluorophore allowed to endue ratiometric signal outputs towards Pb2+, dramatically increase the robustness for lead detection. The ratiometric G-quadruplex assay allowed a facile and one-pot Pb2+ detection at room temperature using a single-stranded DNA aptamer. We demonstrated its feasibility for detecting lead pollution in fresh eggs and tap water samples. The ratiometric G-quadruplex design is expected to be used for on-site Pb2+ testing associated with food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rui Wan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiang He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.W.); (N.W.); (R.D.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8546-7328
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhong C. The vertical migration and speciation of the Pb in the paddy soil: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108741. [PMID: 31541907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Migration of Pb in the soil can be enhanced by acidification and frequent change of environmental condition. The paddy soil, where the environmental condition such as redox fluctuates frequently due to soil submergence and drainage, may offer a favorable condition for Pb migrating to deeper soil and further contaminate groundwater by leaching or irrigation. To date, not much is known about how quickly Pb migrates in the soil and the relevant transformation of Pb. We use long-term soil profile monitoring, sequential extraction and isotopic measurement to examine the temporal change of concentrations and isotopic ratios of Pb associated with different soil components in the paddy soil profile in the Yangtze River Delta area during 2011-2017. We find that Pb vertical migration in the paddy soil is faster. Pb in the shallow soil may migrate downward up to 60 cm during six years. The migration of Pb is dominated by the carbonate, and secondarily influenced by Fe/Mn oxides. Our results also imply that the mechanism of Pb migration in soils is changing. The mechanism which is now characterized as the carbonate-dominating will be replaced as the Fe/Mn oxides-dominating in the near future as the carbonate in shallow soil is becoming depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, 20015, USA
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Cong Zhong
- Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
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Cong L, Zhai J, Yan G, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M. Lead isotope trends and sources in the atmosphere at the artificial wetland. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7851. [PMID: 31637124 PMCID: PMC6800525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of industry, studies on lead pollution in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) have received extensive attention. This paper analyzed the concentration and pollution sources of lead in the Cuihu Wetland in Beijing during the period of 2016–2017. The results show that the lead contents in TSP in the Cuihu Wetland were approximately equal in summer and spring, greater in winter, and greatest in autumn. The corresponding lead concentrations were 0.052, 0.053, 0.101, and 0.115 ng/m3, respectively. We compared the 206Pb/207Pb data with other materials to further understand the potential sources of atmospheric lead. The mean values of 206Pb/207Pb from spring to winter were 1.082, 1.098, 1.092, and 1.078, respectively. We found that the lead sources may be associated with coal burning, brake and tire wear, and vehicle exhaust emissions. We also calculated the enrichment factor values for the four seasons, and the values were all much greater than 10, indicating that the lead pollution is closely related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cong
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakai Liu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Wang H, Wu Q, Hu W, Huang B, Dong L, Liu G. Using multi-medium factors analysis to assess heavy metal health risks along the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1047-1056. [PMID: 30253295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the environmental ecosystem, there are no absolutely isolated risks. Each risk might be influenced by multiple environmental factors and the factors' interaction within the specific system. Hence, health risk assessments of heavy metal contamination must consider multiple environmental media and their transfer processes from one medium to another. Integrated assessments provide a new perspective for evaluating many factors, such as the potential ecological risks of soils, sediments, plants, and the transportation of heavy metals in these media, which influences the health risks. In this study, the main influencing factors for human health risk from heavy metals along the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Southeast China, were explored. The contents of five heavy metals were measured in sediment-soil-plant, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr). The Cd displayed the highest potential ecological risk in soils and sediments, as it possessed high bioaccessibility (BA; 0.17 ± 0.211) and bioaccumulation factor (BCF; 0.35 ± 0.33). The 5.97% of the target hazard quotient (THQ) of Cd were higher than 1, indicating a potential health risk in plant consumption. Based on the geodetector model, determinant power (DP) valves for factors influencing health risk strongly suggest that plant types (0.479) has a highest effect, followed by soil organic matter (SOM; 0.292), and the BA of heavy metals (0.107). The results also indicate that pollution from the upper reaches of the river, and agricultural activities, had a greater impact on health risk than did industrial activities in the study area. Thus, regular monitoring and source control for Cd, along with integrated agricultural management practices should be implemented to control and reduce heavy metal inputs and improve the safety of cultivated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lurui Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Kong J, Guo Q, Wei R, Strauss H, Zhu G, Li S, Song Z, Chen T, Song B, Zhou T, Zheng G. Contamination of heavy metals and isotopic tracing of Pb in surface and profile soils in a polluted farmland from a typical karst area in southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1035-1045. [PMID: 29801199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Farmland top soils and soil profiles situated in the karst area of Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China, reveal different degrees of heavy metal pollution, both in respect to the lateral as well as the vertical dimension. Pb isotope ratios clearly identify that heavy metal contributions to the soil represent the legacy of former Pb-Zn mining and smelting in the area. Depending upon soil properties, differences in the intensity of the vertical penetration of heavy metal pollution are discernible. Top soil coverage by local farmers provides little remediation. Consequently, hazardous conditions for the regional ecology, for agricultural usage and ultimately for human health remain in place. Based on chemical and isotopic results obtained, more effective remediation strategies need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Harald Strauss
- Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangxu Zhu
- College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhi Y, Guo T, Shi J, Zeng L, Wu L. Expressing lead isotopic compositions by fractional abundances for environmental source apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:446-452. [PMID: 27443950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotope has been extensively used to identify sources of Pb and apportion their contributions in the environment. Conventionally, isotope ratios are used to express Pb isotopic composition. However, the linear combination of Pb isotope ratios is not consistent with mass balance. Moreover, the graphical presentations based on Pb isotope ratios are always inconsistent when different Pb isotope ratios are used. In this study, we proposed to use fractional abundance to express Pb isotopic composition to achieve more accurate and reliable source apportionment. A new method (rotation-projection method) based on fractional abundance was developed in this research. The new method compared favorably to the isotopic ratio-based method and to another fractional abundance based method using default 204Pb value (0) (Walraven's method). It allows to present four-dimensional (4-D) Pb isotope fractional abundance data in a 3-D plot. In the meantime, due to the low variation of the fractional abundance of 204Pb in the terrestrial ecosystem, the terrestrial Pb isotope fractional abundance data fell nearly on a plane, which further allows to plot the Pb isotope fractional abundance data on a two-dimensional diagram. Proper presentation of the isotopic composition data helps to achieve more accurate and reliable source identification and apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyou Zhi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Lingzao Zeng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Laosheng Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Ran J, Wang D, Wang C, Zhang G, Zhang H. Heavy metal contents, distribution, and prediction in a regional soil-wheat system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:422-31. [PMID: 26657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The entry of heavy metals into the food chain is of concern for potential health risks. To investigate the spatial relationships of heavy metals in a regional soil-wheat system, 99 pairs of surface soil (0-15 cm) and wheat grain samples were collected from Changshu, China, a typical county in the Yangtze Delta region. Both soil and wheat grain samples were analyzed for total Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. DTPA-extractable metals and major physico-chemical properties were also determined for soil samples. Moderate accumulation of heavy metals was found in soils and wheat grains, especially Cd. However, the levels were within the target hazard quotients (THQ) safe values with respect to non-carcinogenic risks, but more attention should be paid to Cd. Spatially, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in wheat grains and soils had similar geographical patterns, whereas Pb showed opposite trends. Cross-correlograms further quantitatively confirmed the spatial relationships of heavy metals in wheat grains and soils. In addition, heavy metals in wheat grains were significantly spatially correlated with most soil physio-chemical properties. Particularly, a set of regression models for Cd in wheat grains were established with a maximum predictive success of 65%. These models can be used to predict Cd in wheat grains, and thus allows farmers to decrease the threat by certain framing practices such as ameliorating soil pH or growing a less metal-accumulating cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ran
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dejian Wang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Chen Z, Ai Y, Fang C, Wang K, Li W, Liu S, Li C, Xiao J, Huang Z. Distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metal chemical fractions in artificial soil on rock cut slopes alongside railways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 273:165-73. [PMID: 24727018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial soil is often sprayed onto cut slopes alongside railroad tracks to promote revegetation. This study evaluated the heavy metal content and the distribution of heavy metal chemical fractions in the soil, as well as the uptake of heavy metals by plants. The soil at four sites was determined to be considerably contaminated with Cd and Pb. The concentrations of Cd and Pb increased with the length of time the railway had been in use and decreased further away from the railway tracks. Pb primarily existed in reducible form but as residual fractions, whereas Cd was predominantly in exchangeable form. A correlation analysis indicated that pH, organic matter, and total phosphorus levels were important factors affecting the distribution of the heavy metal chemical fractions. The amounts of exchangeable Pb and Cd in the soil were highly correlated with their amounts in the plants sampled, indicating that the exchangeable fraction is a better indication of heavy metal phytoavailability than the total amount of heavy metals in the soil. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors indicated that Indigofera amblyantha had moderate tolerance and bioaccumulation capability for Pb, as did Leucaena leucocephala for Cd. These two plant species can serve as ideal slope remediation plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China; Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Chen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kexiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shui Liu
- Shenzhen Tiehan Ecological Environment Limited Liability Company, Shenzhen 518040, PR China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Qingdao Guanzhong Ecological Limited Liability Company, Qingdao 266102, PR China
| | - Jingyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
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Avino P, Capannesi G, Rosada A. Source identification of inorganic airborne particle fraction (PM10) at ultratrace levels by means of INAA short irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4527-4538. [PMID: 24338000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have focused their attention on the determination of elements of toxicological and environmental interest in atmospheric particulate matter using analytical techniques requiring chemical treatments. The instrumental nuclear activation analysis technique allows achieving high sensitivity, good precision, and excellent limit of detection without pretreatment, also considering the problems related to the radioisotope characteristics (e.g., half-life time, interfering reactions, spectral interferences). In this paper, elements such as Al, As, Br, Cl, Cu, I, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Si, Ti, and V are studied in atmospheric PM10 sampled in downtown Rome: The relative radionuclides after activation of the sample are characterized by very short (ranging from 2.24 to 37.2 min) and short (ranging from 2.58 h to 2.70 days) half-lives. Furthermore, As, Br, La, Mn, and Sb were also determined for evaluating the aerosol characteristics. The results, elaborated considering the matrix effects and the interfering reaction contribution to the radioisotope formation (e.g., (28)Al generated by both (n,γ) reaction from (27)Al and (n,p) reaction from (28)Si), show interesting values of As (0.3-6.1 ng m(-3)), Cu (22-313 ng m(-3)), Mn (17-125 ng m(-3)), V (7-63 ng m(-3)), higher than those determined in an area not influenced by autovehicular traffic, and significant levels of I (1-11 ng m(-3)) and Ti (25-659 ng m(-3)) in Rome PM10. The other elements show a pattern similar to the very few data present in the literature. It should be underlined the good correlation (r (2)) of Al vs. Mg (0.915) and Al vs. La (0.726), indicating a same sources for these species as well as Br-Sb showing a little lower correlation (0.623). This last hypothesis is confirmed by the study of the enrichment factors: Sb and Br may be attributed to anthropogenic sources; Cu, Cl, and I show a mixed origin (natural and anthropogenic), whereas Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Na, Mg, and As are of crustal origin. For having more information, a statistical approach based on the principal component analysis and the canonical discriminant analysis has been performed: All the samples (except one) are grouped in a cluster, and elements such as As, Br, Cu, I, La, Mn, Sb, Ti, and V are highly correlated, whereas Na and Cl and Mg and Al assemble in two different clusters. Finally, a comparison with other similar studies is reported showing interesting values for Al, As, Mg, Mn, and Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Avino
- DIPIA, INAIL Settore Ricerca, via IV Novembre 144, 00187, Rome, Italy,
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