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Jiang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gu X, He S, Duan S, Ma J, Wang L, Luo P. The Aggregation and Dissolution of Citrate-Coated AgNPs in High Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater and Sludge from UASB-Anammox Reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9502. [PMID: 35954858 PMCID: PMC9367828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are released into the sewage pipes and ultimately wastewater treatment plants during manufacturing, use, and end-life disposal. AgNPs in wastewater treatment plants aggregate or dissolve, and may affect the microbial community and subsequent pollutant removal efficiency. This study aims to quantitatively investigate the fate of AgNPs in synthetic high ammonia nitrogen wastewater (SW) and sludge from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) anammox reactor using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that 18.1 mM NH4+, 2.11 mM Mg2+ in SW caused less negative zeta potential (ζ-potential, -18.4 vs. -37.4 mV), aggregation (388.8 vs. 21.5 nm), and settlement (80%) of citrate-coated AgNPs (cit-AgNPs) in 220 min. The presence of 18.5 mM Cl- in SW formed AgCl2-, AgCl(aq) and eventually promoted the dissolution (9.3%) of cit-AgNPs. Further exposure of SW-diluted AgNPs to sludge (42 mg L-1 humic acid) and induced a more negative ζ-potential (-22.2 vs. -18.4 mV) and smaller aggregates (313.4 vs. 388.8 nm) due to the steric and hindrance effect. The promoted Ag dissolution (34.4% vs. 9.3%) was also observed after the addition of sludge and the possible reason may be the production of Ag(NH3)2+ by the coexistence of HA from sludge and NH4+ from SW. These findings on the fate of AgNPs can be used to explain why AgNPs had limited effects on the sludge-retained bacteria which are responsible for the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Jiang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Jiageng Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiujun Gu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shilong He
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shuo Duan
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Jianli Ma
- Solid Waste and Soil Environment Research Centre, Tianjin Academy of Eco–Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China;
| | - Lizhang Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ping Luo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (S.H.); (L.W.)
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Zhong L, Hu X, Cao Z, Wang H, Chen Y, Lian HZ. Aggregation and dissolution of engineering nano Ag and ZnO pretreated with natural organic matters in the simulated lung biological fluids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:668-677. [PMID: 30903842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (nAg) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), results in their accumulation in environmental media. The environmental natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by these nanoparticles may have great effects on the aggregation and dissolution of metall ions, which are interesting and important for the assessment of the inhalation risks of these airborne suspended NOM-coated nanoparticles to humans. Therefore, the aggregation and dissolution of nAg and nZnO pretreated with citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA) and fulvic acid (FA) in simulated lung biological fluids (artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble Solution) were investigated. The surface properties, morphology and size of the NOM-treated ENPs changed, but the crystalline phase was relatively stable when observed using surface-enhanced Raman scattering, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. NOM treatment had no significant influence on the particle size of NOM-treated nAg and nZnO except for a decrease in the size of CA-treated nAg, and it could not promote the aggregation of NOM-treated nAg and nZnO except for the aggregation of TA-treated nAg in Gamble Solution or TA-treated nZnO in ALF. CA- and FA-treatments promoted the release of Zn2+ and Ag+, respectively, while no promotion was observed after TA-treatment. Therefore, NOM affects the release of Zn2+ and Ag+ from NOM-treated nAg and nZnO but does not promote the aggregation of NOM-treated nAg and nZnO, which influences the inhalation risk-based assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Zhaoming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Centre of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Fernando I, Zhou Y. Concentration dependent effect of humic acid on the transformations of silver nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barker LK, Giska JR, Radniecki TS, Semprini L. Effects of short- and long-term exposure of silver nanoparticles and silver ions to Nitrosomonas europaea biofilms and planktonic cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:606-614. [PMID: 29778938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, and their resulting influx into wastewater, may pose a threat to biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants. Planktonic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which convert ammonia to nitrite in the first step of nitrification, are highly sensitive to AgNPs and their released silver ions (Ag+), but the sensitivity of AOB biofilms to AgNPs and Ag+ is less clear. This study demonstrated that biofilms of Nitrosomonas europaea, a model AOB, were more resistant to both short-term and long-term exposure to AgNP and Ag+ than planktonic cells. The increased resistance of N. europaea biofilms was attributed primarily to the increased biomass and slower growth rates present in the biofilm. Similar inhibition mechanisms were observed for AgNPs and Ag+ in both planktonic cells and biofilms with enzymatic inhibition observed at lower concentrations and cell lysis observed at higher concentrations. Long-term continuous exposure to AgNPs lowered the inhibitory concentration by 1-2 orders of magnitude below that required by short-term exposures. Although the total AgNP load was similar between the short and long-term exposure scenarios, the long-term exposure resulted in an order of magnitude more silver being associated in the biofilms and is the primary reason for the increased sensitivity observed. This suggests that short-term batch toxicity assays may greatly underestimate the sensitivity of biofilm treatment systems to long-term exposures of low concentrations of AgNPs and Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Barker
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J R Giska
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - T S Radniecki
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - L Semprini
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Lee WS, Kim E, Cho HJ, Kang T, Kim B, Kim MY, Kim YS, Song NW, Lee JS, Jeong J. The Relationship between Dissolution Behavior and the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Zebrafish Embryos in Different Ionic Environments. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090652. [PMID: 30142912 PMCID: PMC6165318 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A silver nanoparticle is one of the representative engineered nanomaterials with excellent optical, electrical, antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles are being increasingly used for medical products, water filters, and cosmetics, etc. However, silver nanoparticles are known to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. To utilize silver nanoparticles with minimized negative effects, it is important to understand the behavior of silver nanoparticles released to the environment. In this study, we compared toxicity behaviors of citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles in two different ionic environments, which are aquatic environments for developing zebrafish embryo. Depending on the composition of the ionic environment, citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles exhibited different behaviors in dissolution, aggregation, or precipitation, which governed the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Sik Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Eungwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Bongsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Min Young Kim
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Nam Woong Song
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro, 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Anderson AJ, McLean JE, Jacobson AR, Britt DW. CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles Modify Interkingdom Cell Signaling Processes Relevant to Crop Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6513-6524. [PMID: 28481096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the world population increases, strategies for sustainable agriculture are needed to fulfill the global need for plants for food and other commercial products. Nanoparticle formulations are likely to be part of the developing strategies. CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) offer potential as fertilizers, as they provide bioavailable essential metals, and as pesticides, because of dose-dependent toxicity. Effects of these metal oxide NPs on rhizosphere functions are the focus of this review. These NPs at doses of ≥10 mg metal/kg change the production of key metabolites involved in plant protection in a root-associated microbe, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. Altered synthesis occurs in the microbe for phenazines, which function in plant resistance to pathogens, the pyoverdine-like siderophore that enhances Fe bioavailability in the rhizosphere and indole-3-acetic acid affecting plant growth. In wheat seedlings, reprogramming of root morphology involves increases in root hair proliferation (CuO NPs) and lateral root formation (ZnO NPs). Systemic changes in wheat shoot gene expression point to altered regulation for metal stress resilience as well as the potential for enhanced survival under stress commonly encountered in the field. These responses to the NPs cross kingdoms involving the bacteria, fungi, and plants in the rhizosphere. Our challenge is to learn how to understand the value of these potential changes and successfully formulate the NPs for optimal activity in the rhizosphere of crop plants. These formulations may be integrated into developing practices to ensure the sustainability of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Anderson
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , United States
| | - Joan E McLean
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Water Research Laboratory , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-8200 , United States
| | - Astrid R Jacobson
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4820 , United States
| | - David W Britt
- Department of Bioengineering , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4105 , United States
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7
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Sheng Z, Liu Y. Potential impacts of silver nanoparticles on bacteria in the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:290-296. [PMID: 28129561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is inevitable that nano-silver will be released into the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on microbes in natural and engineered environments. The most remarkable gap in our knowledge on this lies on the low Ag-NPs dose side. This review summarized studies on the effects of Ag-NPs on bacteria from simple to complicated aquatic systems. A hormetic model with a narrow stimulatory zone has been proposed based on both experimental phenomenon and the potential mechanisms of the observed effects. Spectrum of the stimulating zone depends on Ag-NP properties, bacterial types and environmental conditions tested. This may become a concern in terms of Ag-NP disposal, and further research is required to build a sophisticated toxicity model for Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada.
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Donnellan S, Tran L, Johnston H, McLuckie J, Stevenson K, Stone V. A rapid screening assay for identifying mycobacteria targeted nanoparticle antibiotics. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:761-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1124468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Mousavi MPS, Gunsolus IL, Pérez De Jesús CE, Lancaster M, Hussein K, Haynes CL, Bühlmann P. Dynamic silver speciation as studied with fluorous-phase ion-selective electrodes: Effect of natural organic matter on the toxicity and speciation of silver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:453-461. [PMID: 26284896 PMCID: PMC4643687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of silver in consumer products and the resulting contamination of natural environments with silver raise questions about the toxicity of Ag(+) in the ecosystem. Natural organic matter, NOM, which is abundant in water supplies, soil, and sediments, can form stable complexes with Ag(+), altering its bioavailability and toxicity. Herein, the extent and kinetics of Ag(+) binding to NOM, matrix effects on Ag(+) binding to NOM, and the effect of NOM on Ag(+) toxicity to Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (assessed by the BacLight viability assay) were quantitatively studied with fluorous-phase Ag(+) ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Our findings show fast kinetics of Ag(+) and NOM binding, weak Ag(+) binding for Suwannee River humic acid, fulvic acid, and aquatic NOM, and stronger Ag(+) binding for Pony Lake fulvic acid and Pahokee Peat humic acid. We quantified the effects of matrix components and pH on Ag(+) binding to NOM, showing that the extent of binding greatly depends on the environmental conditions. The effect of NOM on the toxicity of Ag(+) does not correlate with the extent of Ag(+) binding to NOM, and other forms of silver, such as Ag(+) reduced by NOM, are critical for understanding the effect of NOM on Ag(+) toxicity. This work also shows that fluorous-phase Ag(+) ISEs are effective tools for studying Ag(+) binding to NOM because they can be used in a time-resolved manner to monitor the activity of Ag(+) in situ with high selectivity and without the need for extensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral P S Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ian L Gunsolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Carlos E Pérez De Jesús
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mitchell Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kadir Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Global metabolomic responses of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718 to cold stress and altered ammonia feeding patterns. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1843-1852. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Diez-Ortiz M, Lahive E, George S, Ter Schure A, Van Gestel CAM, Jurkschat K, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Short-term soil bioassays may not reveal the full toxicity potential for nanomaterials; bioavailability and toxicity of silver ions (AgNO₃) and silver nanoparticles to earthworm Eisenia fetida in long-term aged soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:191-198. [PMID: 25910462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if standard risk assessment hazard tests are long enough to adequately provide the worst case exposure for nanomaterials. This study therefore determined the comparative effects of the aging on the bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms of soils dosed with silver ions and silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) for 1, 9, 30 & 52 weeks, and related this to the total Ag in the soil, Ag in soil pore water and earthworm tissue Ag concentrations. For ionic Ag, a classical pattern of reduced bioavailability and toxicity with time aged in the soil was observed. For the Ag NP, toxicity increased with time apparently driven by Ag ion dissolution from the added Ag NPs. Internal Ag in the earthworms did not always explain toxicity and suggested the presence of an internalised, low-toxicity Ag fraction (as intact or transformed NPs) after shorter aging times. Our results indicate that short-term exposures, without long-term soil aging, are not able to properly assess the environmental risk of Ag NPs and that ultimately, with aging time, Ag ion and Ag NP effect will merge to a common value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diez-Ortiz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Suzanne George
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Anneke Ter Schure
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Begbroke Science Park, Sandy Lane, Yarnton, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have strong antibacterial properties, which may adversely affect biological wastewater treatment processes. To determine the overall effect, intact biofilm samples were collected from the rotating biological contactor at the local wastewater treatment plant and treated with 200 mg Ag/L Ag-NPs for 24 h. The biofilm uptake of Ag-NPs was monitored with transmission electron microscopy. Forty-five minutes after Ag-NP application, Ag-NPs were seen in the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). After 24 h, Ag-NPs had entered certain microbial cells, while other cells contained no observable Ag-NPs. Some cells were dying after the uptake of Ag-NPs. However, there was no significant reduction in cultivable bacteria in the biofilms, based on heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). While this may indicate that wastewater biofilms are highly resistant to Ag-NPs, the HPC represents only a small portion of the total microbial population. To further investigate the effects of Ag-NPs, a GeoChip microarray was used to directly detect changes in the functional gene structure of the microbial community in the biofilm. A clear decrease (34.6% decreases in gene number) in gene diversity was evident in the GeoChip analysis. However, the complete loss of any specific gene was rare. Most gene families present in both treated and untreated biofilms. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that there was no change in these families. Signal intensity decreased in certain variants in each family while other variants increased to compensate the effects of Ag-NPs. The results indicate that Ag-NP treatment decreased microbial community diversity but did not significantly affect the microbial community function. This provides direct evidence for the functional redundancy of microbial community in engineered ecosystems such as wastewater biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, The University of Oklahoma Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Yu R, Fang X, Somasundaran P, Chandran K. Short-term effects of TiO2, CeO2, and ZnO nanoparticles on metabolic activities and gene expression of Nitrosomonas europaea. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:207-215. [PMID: 25710320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized TiO2 (n-TiO2), CeO2 (n-CeO2), and ZnO (n-ZnO) and bulk ZnO were chosen for a 4-h exposure study on a model ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea. n-ZnO displayed the most serious cytotoxicity while n-TiO2 was the least toxic one. The change of cell morphologies, the retardance of specific oxygen uptake rates and ammonia oxidation rates, and the depression of amoA gene expressions under NP stresses were generally observed when the cell densities and membrane integrities were not significantly impaired yet. The TEM imaging and the synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of the NPs impacted cells revealed the increase of the corresponding intracellular Ti, Ce or Zn contents and suggested the intracellular NP accumulation. The elevation of intracellular S contents accompanied with higher K contents implied the possible activation of thiol-containing glutathione and thioredoxin production for NP stress alleviation. The NP cytotoxicity was not always a function of NP concentration. The 200 mg L(-1) n-TiO2 or n-CeO2 impacted cells displayed the similar ammonia oxidation activities but higher amoA gene expression levels than the 20 mg L(-1) NPs impacted ones. Such phenomenon further indicated the possible establishment of an anti-toxicity mechanism in N. europaea at the genetic level to redeem the weakened AMO activities along with the NP aggregation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Xiaohua Fang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Ponisseril Somasundaran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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14
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Reyes VC, Opot SO, Mahendra S. Planktonic and biofilm-grown nitrogen-cycling bacteria exhibit different susceptibilities to copper nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:887-897. [PMID: 25556815 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper characterization of nanoparticle (NP) interactions with environmentally relevant bacteria under representative conditions is necessary to enable their sustainable manufacture, use, and disposal. Previous nanotoxicology research based on planktonic growth has not adequately explored biofilms, which serve as the predominant mode of bacterial growth in natural and engineered environments. Copper nanoparticle (Cu-NP) impacts on biofilms were compared with respective planktonic cultures of the ammonium-oxidizing Nitrosomonas europaea, nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter vinelandii, and denitrifying Paracoccus denitrificans using a suite of independent toxicity diagnostics. Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for Cu-NPs were lower in N. europaea biofilms (19.6 ± 15.3 mg/L) than in planktonic cells (49.0 ± 8.0 mg/L). However, in absorbance-based growth assays, compared with unexposed controls, N. europaea growth rates in biofilms were twice as resilient to inhibition than those in planktonic cultures. Similarly, relative to unexposed controls, growth rates and yields of P. denitrificans in biofilms exposed to Cu-NPs were 40-fold to 50-fold less inhibited than those in planktonic cells. Physiological evaluation of ammonium oxidation and nitrate reduction suggested that biofilms were also less inhibited by Cu-NPs than planktonic cells. Furthermore, functional gene expression for ammonium oxidation (amoA) and nitrite reduction (nirK) showed lower inhibition by NPs in biofilms relative to planktonic-grown cells. These results suggest that biofilms mitigate NP impacts, and that nitrogen-cycling bacteria in wastewater, wetlands, and soils might be more resilient to NPs than planktonic-based assessments suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Reyes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Wang D, Li Y, Li Puma G, Wang C, Wang P, Zhang W, Wang Q. Mechanism and experimental study on the photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgCl @ chiral TiO2 nanofibers photocatalyst: the impact of wastewater components. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:277-84. [PMID: 25524623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the water matrix components of a secondary effluent of a urban wastewater treatment plant on the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl @ chiral TiO2 nanofibers and the undergoing reaction mechanisms were investigated. These effects were evaluated through the water components-induced changes on the net rate of hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generation and modeled using a relative rate technique. Dissolved organic matter DOM (k=-2.8×10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) scavenged reactive oxygen species, Cl(-) (k=-5.3×10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) accelerated the transformation from Ag to AgCl (which is not photocatalytically active under visible-light irradiation), while Ca(2+) at concentrations higher than 50 mM (k=-1.3×10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) induced aggregation of Ag/AgCl and thus all of them revealed inhibitory effects. In contrast, NO3(-) (k=6.9×10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and CO3(2-) (k=3.7×10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) improved the photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgCl slightly by improving the rate of HO˙ generation. Other ubiquitous secondary effluent components including SO4(2-) (k=3.9×10(5) M(-1) s(-1)), NH3(+) (k=3.5×10(5) M(-1) s(-1)) and Na(+) (k=2.6×10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) had negligible effects. 90% of 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) spiked in the secondary effluent was removed within 12 min, while the structure and size of Ag/AgCl @ chiral TiO2 nanofibers remained stable. This work may be helpful not only to uncover the photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/AgCl based photocatalyst but also to elucidate the transformation and transportation of Ag and AgCl in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Gianluca Li Puma
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University. Xi Kang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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16
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Jiang R, Wang M, Xue J, Xu N, Hou G, Zhang W. Cytotoxicity of sulfurous acid on cell membrane and bioactivity of Nitrosomonas europaea. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:896-901. [PMID: 25240954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea, an ammonia oxidizing bacterium, was chosen as a research model to study the alteration of cell membrane in the presence of sulfurous acid and biodegradation of acetochlor. Significant changes of the outer cell membrane were observed in the presence of sulfurous acid using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The fluorescence polarization has shown a significant decrease in membrane fluidity and the increase of permeability of cell membrane. Lysozyme experiment show the cell becomes easily influenced by substance in medium. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements show considerable amount of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in the supernatant from the sulfurous acid exposed cells. Sulfurous acid treatment enhanced the ability of N. europaea to degrade acetochlor. On this basis, it can be concluded that the increased cell permeability is favor for the absorbability of nutrition. As a result, N. europaea grows faster and the biodegradation efficiency was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jianliang Xue
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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17
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Anderson JW, Semprini L, Radniecki TS. Influence of Water Hardness on Silver Ion and Silver Nanoparticle Fate and Toxicity Toward Nitrosomonas europaea. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2014; 31:403-409. [PMID: 25053878 PMCID: PMC4098081 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2013.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of water hardness (Mg2+ and Ca2+) on the fate and toxicity of 20 nm citrate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag+ toward Nitrosomonas europaea, a model ammonia-oxidizing bacterium. Nitrification inhibition of N. europaea by 1 ppm AgNPs and 0.5 ppm Ag+ was reduced from 80% and 83%, respectively, in the absence of Mg2+ to 2% and 33%, respectively, in the presence of 730 μM Mg2+. Introduction of Mg2+ resulted in the rapid aggregation of the AgNP suspensions and reduced the 3 h Ag+ dissolution rates from 30%, in the absence of Mg2+, to 9%, in the presence of 730 μM Mg2+. Reduced AgNP dissolution rates resulted in decreased concentrations of silver that were found adsorbed to N. europaea cells. Increasing AgNP concentrations in the presence of Mg2+ increased the observed inhibition of nitrification, but was always less than what was observed in the absence of Mg2+. The presence of Mg2+ also reduced the adsorption of Ag+ to cells, possibly due to multiple mechanisms, including a reduction in the negative surface charge of the N. europaea membrane and a competition between Mg2+ and Ag+ for membrane binding sites and transport into the cells. Ca2+ demonstrated similar protection mechanisms, as Ag+ toxicity was reduced and AgNP suspensions aggregated and decreased their dissolution rates. These results indicate that the toxicity of Ag+ and AgNPs to nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment would be less pronounced in systems with hard water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyler S. Radniecki
- Corresponding author: School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 102 Gleeson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331. Phone: (541) 737-2491; Fax: (541) 737-4600; E-mail:
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18
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Ostermeyer AK, Kostigen Mumuper C, Semprini L, Radniecki T. Influence of bovine serum albumin and alginate on silver nanoparticle dissolution and toxicity to Nitrosomonas europaea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14403-10. [PMID: 24219026 DOI: 10.1021/es4033106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein, reduced the toxicity of 20 nm citrate silver nanoparticles (AgNP) toward Nitrosomonas europaea, a model ammonia oxidizing bacteria, through a dual-mode protection mechanism. BSA reduced AgNP toxicity by chelating the silver ions (Ag(+)) released from the AgNPs. BSA further reduced AgNP toxicity by binding to the AgNP surface thus preventing NH3-dependent dissolution from occurring. Due to BSA's affinity toward Ag(+) chemisorbed on the AgNP surface, increased concentrations of BSA lead to increased AgNP dissolution rates. This, however, did not increase AgNP toxicity as the dissolved Ag(+) were adsorbed onto the BSA molecules. Alginate, a model extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), lacks strong Ag(+) ligands and was unable to protect N. europaea from Ag(+) toxicity. However, at high concentrations, alginate reduced AgNP toxicity by binding to the AgNP surface and reducing AgNP dissolution rates. Unlike BSA, alginate only weakly interacted with the AgNP surface and was unable to completely prevent NH3-dependent AgNP dissolution from occurring. Based on these results, AgNP toxicity in high protein environments (e.g., wastewater) is expected to be muted while the EPS layers of wastewater biofilms may provide additional protection from AgNPs, but not from Ag(+) that have already been released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Ostermeyer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1324, United States
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