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Mamidi N, Delgadillo RMV. Squaramide-Immobilized Carbon Nanoparticles for Rapid and High-Efficiency Elimination of Anthropogenic Mercury Ions from Aquatic Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35789-35801. [PMID: 35881879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution due to environmental remediation and poor waste administration in certain areas of the globe signifies a serious problem in acquiring safe and clean drinking water. This problem is especially critical in rural areas, where advanced water purification techniques are deficient, and it remains a daunting task for ecosystem and public health protection. This critical task can be addressed herein by developing scalable poly squaramide-phenyl methacrylamide (PSQ)-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) (PSQ-CNPs) with densely populated chelating sites with strong Hg2+-binding capacity. The PSQ-CNPs have shown high efficiency in removing Hg2+ from aqueous solution, providing a Hg2+ capacity of 2840 mg g-1, surpassing all the amine and thiol-based adsorbents reported hitherto. More significantly, the adsorbent reveals the largest distribution coefficient value (Kd) of 9.09 × 1010 mL g-1, which allows it to reduce Hg2+ content from 10 ppm to less than 0.011 ppb, well below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits for drinking water standards (2 ppb). The adsorption measurements of the adsorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order. The practical applicability of PSQ-CNPs was verified with the real samples (the lake, river, and industrial wastewater) and has been proven to be excellent. The adsorbent could still retain its Hg2+ removal efficacy even after 12 sorption cycles. It is attributed that the remarkable performance of PSQ-CNPs arises from the high-density chelating sites and pores on the surface of CNPs. The present work shows a new benchmark for Hg2+-removal adsorbents and presents a novel practical approach for decontaminating Hg2+ and other heavy metal ions from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Manuel Velasco Delgadillo
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
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Eldos HI, Zouari N, Saeed S, Al-Ghouti MA. Recent advances in the treatment of PAHs in the environment: Application of nanomaterial-based technologies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Solcova O, Krystynik P, Dytrych P, Bumba J, Kastanek F. Typical groundwater contamination in the vicinity of industrial brownfields and basic methods of their treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113325. [PMID: 35182798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with simple methods of decontamination of groundwater from the vicinity of brownfields contaminated with organic and inorganic substances. In the literature, thousands of articles on this issue at various sophisticated levels of knowledge can be found. The articles are mostly suitable as an extension of scientific knowledge; however, regarding potential costs and respectively scale-up problems, the applications are limited. It turns out that the vast majority of contaminated water can be effectively decontaminated by simple methods, in a coagulation-sedimentation sequence → simple oxidation and reduction methods for separated water (Fenton reaction, photocatalysis, ozonation, reductive dehalogenation with zero metals) → adsorption of remaining pollutants on simple sorbents, eg on biochar → (possibly bioremediation or advanced physical methods such as membrane filtration) → final purification on activated carbon. Due to the usually limited volume loads of soils with pollutants in the vicinity of brownfields, it is not economically advantageous to build demanding decontamination units for water purification. Usually, the simplest solution is the system to pump-and-treat around the source of contamination, with the main emphasis on highly effective removal of pollutants from water that returns underground. Groundwater was taken from boreholes leading to the saturated zone in the vicinity of several selected industrial brownfields. The solutions are shown on individual typical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Solcova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krystynik
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environment, University of J. E. Purkyne, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Dytrych
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Bumba
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kastanek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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4
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Sonwani RK, Kim KH, Zhang M, Tsang YF, Lee SS, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. Construction of biotreatment platforms for aromatic hydrocarbons and their future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125968. [PMID: 34492879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) are one of the major environmental pollutants introduced from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Many AHCs are well known for their toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impact on human health and ecological systems. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective option as microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and algae) can efficiently breakdown or transform such pollutants into less harmful and simple metabolites (e.g., carbon dioxide (aerobic), methane (anaerobic), water, and inorganic salts). This paper is organized to offer a state-of-the-art review on the biodegradation of AHCs (monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and associated mechanisms. The recent progress in biological treatment using suspended and attached growth bioreactors for the biodegradation of AHCs is also discussed. In addition, various substrate growth and inhibition models are introduced along with the key factors governing their biodegradation kinetics. The growth and inhibition models have helped gain a better understanding of substrate inhibition in biodegradation. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) aspects are also described to assess the technical, economical, and environmental impacts of the biological treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nam G, Mohamed MM, Jung J. Enhanced degradation of benzo[a]pyrene and toxicity reduction by microbubble ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1853-1860. [PMID: 31625815 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1683077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbubble technique has drawn great attention for efficient utilization of ozone for advance oxidation processes. Therefore, in this study, microbubble ozonation was investigated to evaluate the removal efficiency and toxicity reduction of benzo[a]pyrene. Compared with conventional macrobubble ozonation, microbubble ozonation produced higher concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone in aqueous solutions, resulting in more efficient and persistent degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, microbubble ozonation completely removed the acute toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene to Daphnia magna, whereas the toxicity reduction by macrobubble ozonation was not consistent owing possibly to toxic degradation products. These findings suggest that microbubble ozonation is a promising technique in terms of both chemical degradation and toxicity reduction of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Venkatesan RA, Balachandran M. Novel carbon nano-onions from paraffinum liquidum for rapid and efficient removal of industrial dye from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43845-43864. [PMID: 32737789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are fascinating zero-dimensional carbon materials owning distinct multi-shell architecture. Their physicochemical properties are highly related to the parent material selected and the synthesis protocol involved. In the present work, we report for the first time novel CNO structures encompassing discrete carbon allotropes, namely, H18 carbon, Rh6 carbon, and n-diamond. These structures were cost-effectively synthesized in gram scale by facile flame pyrolysis of paraffinum liquidum, a highly refined mineral oil. The as-synthesized and chemically refashioned CNOs are quasi-spherical self-assembled mesopores, manifesting remarkable stability and hydrophilicity. The CNO structures exhibit excellent dye adsorption characteristics with high removal capacity of 1397.35 mg/g and rapid adsorption kinetics with a minimal adsorbent dosage of 10 mg/L, for a low concentration of 20 mg/L methylene blue dye. The novel CNOs assure potential implementation in the remediation of low concentration and high volume of dye-contaminated wastewater.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Athiyanam Venkatesan
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Manoj Balachandran
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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Shaku B, Mofokeng TP, Mongwe TH, Coville NJ, Ozoemena KI, Maubane‐Nkadimeng MS. Physicochemical Properties of Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nano‐onions Grown by Flame Pyrolysis from Grapeseed Oil for Use in Supercapacitors. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bokome Shaku
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Thapelo P. Mofokeng
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Thomas H. Mongwe
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Neil J. Coville
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Kenneth I. Ozoemena
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
| | - Manoko S. Maubane‐Nkadimeng
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2050 South Africa
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Vimercati L, Cavone D, Caputi A, De Maria L, Tria M, Prato E, Ferri GM. Nanoparticles: An Experimental Study of Zinc Nanoparticles Toxicity on Marine Crustaceans. General Overview on the Health Implications in Humans. Front Public Health 2020; 8:192. [PMID: 32509719 PMCID: PMC7253631 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of products containing nanoparticles or nanofibers is rapidly growing. Nanotechnology involves a wide spectrum of industrial fields. There is a lack of information regarding the toxicity of these nanoparticles in aqueous media. The potential acute toxicity of ZnO NPs using two marine crustacean species: the copepod Tigriopus fulvus and the amphypod Corophium insidiosum was evaluated. Acute tests were conducted on adults of T. Fulvus nauplii and C. insidiosum. Both test species were exposed for 96 h to 5 increasing concentrations of ZnO NPs and ZnSO4H2O, and the endpoint was mortality. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean LC50 values of both ZnO NPs and ZnSO4H2O (ZnO NPs: F = 59.42; P < 0.0015; ZnSO4H2O: F = 25.57; P < 0.0015) were significantly lower for Tigriopus fulvus than for Corophium insidiosum. This result confirms that the toxic effect could be mainly attributed to the Zn ions, confirming that the dissolution processes play a crucial role in the toxicity of the ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vimercati
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University Hospital “Policlinico”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Cavone
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University Hospital “Policlinico”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Caputi
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University Hospital “Policlinico”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Maria
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University Hospital “Policlinico”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Tria
- Marine Environment and Pollution Prevention, Department of Prevention, ASL TA Health Company, Taranto, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Prato
- Institute for the Coastal Marine Environment of the Italian National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Taranto, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Ferri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), School of Medicine, University Hospital “Policlinico”, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Hassan AF. Synthesis of carbon nano-onion embedded metal-organic frameworks as an efficient adsorbent for cadmium ions: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24099-24111. [PMID: 31228069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), metal-organic frameworks (MOF-199), and carbon nano-onion embedded metal-organic frameworks (CMOF-199) were synthesized from garlic peels as a green source of carbon atoms while MOF-199 was prepared by solvothermal interaction between 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate. All the prepared solid materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), point of zero charge (pHPZC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution was investigated onto all prepared solid materials considering different application conditions such as adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, initial concentration of Cd+2, and temperature. Adsorption of Cd+2 was investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radhushkevich adsorption isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacity (113.3 mg g-1) was achieved by CMOF-199 at 40 °C. The adsorption of Cd+2 obeys pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, favorable, endothermic, and physisorption. Adsorption results proved that carbon nano-onion embedded metal-organic frameworks are promising solid adsorbents for cadmium ion adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad F Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Damanhour, Damanhour, Egypt.
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Sonwani RK, Swain G, Giri BS, Singh RS, Rai BN. A novel comparative study of modified carriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for the treatment of wastewater: Process optimization and kinetic study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:335-342. [PMID: 30831512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, modified plastic carriers; polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene- polypropylene (LDPE-PP), and polyurethane foam-polypropylene (PUF-PP) were developed and used in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) for the wastewater treatment containing naphthalene. To optimized the process parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), two numerical variables; pH (5.0-9.0) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1.0-5.0 day) along with the type of carriers (PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP) were selected as a categorical factor. At 7.0 pH and 5 days HRT, maximum removal efficiencies were observed to be 72.4, 84.4, and 90.2% for MBBR packed with PP, LDPE-PP, and PUF-PP carriers, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis reveals catechol and 2-naphthol were observed as intermediate metabolites for naphthalene degradation. Modified Stover-Kincannon model was applied for biodegradation kinetic and constants were observed as Umax: 0.476, 0.666, and 0.769 g/L.day and KB: 0.565, 0.755, and 0.874 g/L.day for PP, LDPE-PP, PUF-PP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sonwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balendu Shekhar Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Birendra Nath Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sonwani R, Giri B, Das T, Singh R, Rai B. Biodegradation of fluorene by neoteric LDPE immobilized Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Sakulthaew C, Chokejaroenrat C, Poapolathep A, Satapanajaru T, Poapolathep S. Hexavalent chromium adsorption from aqueous solution using carbon nano-onions (CNOs). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1168-1174. [PMID: 28672698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch experiments were performed to quantify the effects of the dosage rate, pH, counter ions, and temperature. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto CNOs was best described by a pseudo-second order rate expression. The adsorption efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time and reached equilibrium in 24 h. The equilibrium data showed better compliance with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich isotherm. Effective removal of Cr(VI) was demonstrated at pH values ranging from 2 to 10. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be highest (82%) at pH 3.4 and greatly depended on the solution pH. We found that Cr(VI) adsorption decreased with increasing pH over the pH range of 3.4-10. The adsorption capacity increased dramatically when the temperature increased from 10 °C to 50 °C regardless of the amount of CNOs used. Cr(VI) removal decreased by ∼13% when Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) were present, while there were no significant changes observed when NO3- or SO42- was present. The overall results support that CNOs can be used as an alternative adsorbent material to remove Cr(VI) in the water treatment industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Sakulthaew
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tunlawit Satapanajaru
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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