1
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Abdelaziz MA, Saleh AM, Mansour FR, Danielson ND. A Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Ionic Liquid for Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Ivermectin from Environmental Water. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6931730. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The recently introduced gadolinium-based magnetic ionic liquid (Gd-MIL) has been exploited as an extractant in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for preconcentration of ivermectin (IVR) from water samples followed by analysis using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 245 nm. The utilized Gd-MIL extractant is hydrophobic with markedly high magnetic susceptibility. These features result in an efficient extraction of the lipophilic analyte and facilitate the phase separation under the influence of a strong magnetic field, thus promoting the method sensitivity and increasing the potential for automation. To maximize the IVR enrichment by DLLME, the procedure was optimized for extractant mass, dispersive solvent type/volume, salt addition and diluent pH. At optimized conditions, an enrichment factor approaching 70 was obtained with 4.0-mL sample sizes. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity and limit of quantitation. The method was successfully applied to the determination of IVR in river water samples with a mean relative recovery of 97.3% at a spiked concentration of 400 ng/mL. Compared with other reported methods, this approach used a simpler procedure with improved precision, lower amounts of safer solvents and a short analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, OH 45056 , USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh 33511 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University , Jadidah 34518 , Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , 31111 Tanta , Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University , 31111 Tanta , Egypt
| | - Neil D Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, OH 45056 , USA
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2
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Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Tolić Čop K, Prskalo H, Runje M. Influence of Organic Matter on the Sorption of Cefdinir, Memantine and Praziquantel on Different Soil and Sediment Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228008. [PMID: 36432112 PMCID: PMC9696219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are known for their great effects and applications in the treatment and suppression of various diseases in human and veterinary medicine. The development and modernization of science and technologies have led to a constant increase in the production and consumption of various classes of pharmaceuticals, so they pose a threat to the environment, which can be subjected to the sorption process on the solid phase. The efficiency of sorption is determined by various parameters, of which the physicochemical properties of the compound and the sorbent are very important. One of these parameters that determine pharmaceutical mobility in soil or sediment is the soil−water partition coefficient normalized to organic carbon (Koc), whose determination was the purpose of this study. The influence of organic matter, suspended in an aqueous solution of pharmaceutical (more precisely: cefdinir, memantine, and praziquantel), was studied for five different types of soil and sediment samples from Croatia. The linear, Freundlich, and Dubinin−Raduskevich sorption isotherms were used to determine specific constants such as the partition coefficient Kd, which directly describes the strength of sorbate and sorbent binding. The linear model proved to be the best with the highest correlation coefficients, R2 > 0.99. For all three pharmaceuticals, a positive correlation between sorption affinity described by Kd and Koc and the amount of organic matter was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4597-204
| | - Kristina Tolić Čop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Prskalo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Tolić Čop K, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Gazivoda Kraljević T. Photocatalytic Activity of TiO 2 for the Degradation of Anticancer Drugs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3532. [PMID: 36234661 PMCID: PMC9565840 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To prevent water pollution, photocatalysis is often used to remove small molecules such as drugs by generating reactive species. This study aimed to determine the photocatalytic activity of two anticancer drugs, imatinib and crizotinib, and to investigate various influences that may alter the kinetic degradation rate and ultimately the efficacy of the process. In order to obtain optimal parameters for the removal of drugs with immobilized TiO2, the mutual influence of the initial concentration of the contaminant at environmentally relevant pH values was investigated using the response surface modeling approach. The faster kinetic rate of photocatalysis was obtained at pH 5 and at the smallest applied concentration of both drugs. The photocatalytic efficiency was mostly decreased by adding various inorganic salts and organic compounds to the drug mixture. Regarding the degradation mechanism of imatinib and crizotinib, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen showed a major role in photochemical reactions. The formation of seven degradation products for imatinib and fifteen for crizotinib during the optimal photocatalytic process was monitored by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqTOF). Since the newly formed products may pose a hazard to the environment, their toxicity was studied using Vibrio fischeri, where the significant luminescence inhibition was assessed for the mixture of crizotinib degradants during the photocatalysis from 90 to 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tolić Čop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Castañeda-Juárez M, Linares-Hernández I, Martínez-Miranda V, Teutli-Sequeira EA, Castillo-Suárez LA, Sierra-Sánchez AG. SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical drugs: a critical review on the environmental impacts, chemical characteristics, and behavior of advanced oxidation processes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67604-67640. [PMID: 35930148 PMCID: PMC9362221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research data on the pharmaceutical drugs used to treat the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, their characteristics, environmental impacts, and the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) applied to remove them. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer. This complete research includes and discusses relevant studies that involve the introduction, pharmaceutical drugs used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: chemical characteristics and environmental impact, advanced oxidation process (AOP), future trends and discussion, and conclusions. The results show a full approach in the versatility of AOPs as a promising solution to minimize the environmental impact associated with these compounds by the fact that they offer different ways for hydroxyl radical production. Moreover, this article focuses on introducing the fundamentals of each AOP, the main parameters involved, and the concomitance with other sources and modifications over the years. Photocatalysis, sonochemical technologies, electro-oxidation, photolysis, Fenton reaction, ozone, and sulfate radical AOP have been used to mineralize SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical compounds, and the efficiencies are greater than 65%. According to the results, photocatalysis is the main technology currently applied to remove these pharmaceuticals. This process has garnered attention because solar energy can be directly utilized; however, low photocatalytic efficiencies and high costs in large-scale practical applications limit its use. Furthermore, pharmaceuticals in the environment are diverse and complex. Finally, the review also provides ideas for further research needs and major concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Castañeda-Juárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México.
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras CONACYT-IITCA, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P 03940, México
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras COMECYT. Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia Y Tecnología COMECYT, Paseo Colón núm.: 112-A, col. Ciprés, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, México
| | - Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
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5
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Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradations of Analgesic, Mucolytic and Anti-Biotic/Viral/Inflammatory Drugs Widely Used in Controlling SARS-CoV-2. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been transformed into one of the main worldwide challenges, in recent years. For controlling symptoms that are caused by this disease (e.g., chills or fever, shortness of breath and/or difficulty in breathing, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, the new loss of tastes and/or smells, congestion or runny nose, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea), lots of medicines including analgesics, mucolytics, and anti-biotic/viral/inflammatory drugs have been frequently prescribed. As these medicines finally contaminate terrestrial and aquatic habitats by entering surface waterways through pharmaceutical production and excreting trace amounts of waste after human usage, they have negative impacts on wildlife’s health and ecosystem. Residual drugs in water have the potential to harm aquatic creatures and disrupt their food chain as well as the breeding cycle. Therefore, proper degradation of these broadly used medicines is highly crucial. In this work, the use of nanomaterials applicable in photocatalytic degradations of analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), mucolytics (e.g., ambroxol), antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin and quinolones including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine phosphate), anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone and cortisone acetate), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine), anthelmintics (e.g., praziquantel), and finally antivirals (e.g., ivermectin, acyclovir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir) which widely used in controlling/treating the coronavirus have been reviewed and discussed.
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6
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Norbury LJ, Shirakashi S, Power C, Nowak BF, Bott NJ. Praziquantel use in aquaculture - Current status and emerging issues. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 18:87-102. [PMID: 35220160 PMCID: PMC8881684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are major constraints in fish mariculture. The anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) can effectively treat a range of flatworm parasites in a variety of fish species and has potential for broader application than its current use in the global aquaculture industry. In this review we report on PZQ's current use in the aquaculture industry and discuss its efficacy against various flatworm parasites of fish. Routes of PZQ administration are evaluated, along with issues related to palatability, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in fish, while PZQ's effects on non-target species, environmental impacts, and the development of drug-resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norbury
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sho Shirakashi
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan
| | - Cecilia Power
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, 7250, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Morales-Paredes CA, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Boluda-Botella N. Pharmaceutical compounds used in the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of their presence in water and treatment techniques for their elimination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152691. [PMID: 34974020 PMCID: PMC8717703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, high consumption of antivirals, antibiotics, antiparasitics, antiprotozoals, and glucocorticoids used in the treatment of this virus has been reported. Conventional treatment systems fail to efficiently remove these contaminants from water, becoming an emerging concern from the environmental field. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to address the current state of the literature on the presence and removal processes of these drugs from water bodies. It was found that the concentration of most of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 increased during the pandemic in water bodies. Before the pandemic, Azithromycin concentrations in surface waters were reported to be in the order of 4.3 ng L-1, and during the pandemic, they increased up to 935 ng L-1. Laboratory scale studies conclude that adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can be effective in the removal of these drugs. Up to more than 80% removal of Azithromycin, Chloroquine, Ivermectin, and Dexamethasone in aqueous solutions have been reported using these processes. Pilot-scale tests achieved 100% removal of Azithromycin from hospital wastewater by adsorption with powdered activated carbon. At full scale, treatment plants supplemented with ozonation and artificial wetlands removed all Favipiravir and Azithromycin, respectively. It should be noted that hybrid technologies can improve removal rates, process kinetics, and treatment cost. Consequently, the development of new materials that can act synergistically in technically and economically sustainable treatments is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Morales-Paredes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain; Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Manta 130802, Ecuador.
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador
| | - Nuria Boluda-Botella
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua y las Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
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8
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Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Adebowale KO, Düring RA, Olu-Owolabi BI. Comparative empirical evaluation of the aqueous adsorptive sequestration potential of low-cost feldspar-biochar composites for ivermectin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Albornoz LL, Soroka VD, Silva MCA. Photo-mediated and advanced oxidative processes applied for the treatment of effluents with drugs used for the treatment of early COVID-19: Review. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2021; 6:100140. [PMID: 34845441 PMCID: PMC8603826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be one of the most challenging health and social crises ever faced by humanity. Several drugs have been proposed as potential antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19 since the beginning of the health crisis. Among them are chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ivermectin (IVM), and the combination of QC or HCQ and azithromycin (AZI). The use of these and several other drugs has grown sharply, even if there is proof of ineffectiveness in the early treatment or mild cases of COVID-19. Thus, there is great concern about the potential environmental impacts of the effluents released with the presence of these drugs. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a literature review on wastewater treatment processes, focusing on removing these substances through advanced oxidation process. As the conventional effluent treatment processes do not have high efficiency for removal, it was concentrated in the literature that had as scope advanced and photo-mediated techniques to remove CQ, HCQ, IVM, and AZI. It is expected, with this work, to highlight the importance of conducting research that contributes to the control of pollution and contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Albornoz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V D Soroka
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M C A Silva
- UFRGS, Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas (IPH), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Špehar TK, Pocrnić M, Klarić D, Bertoša B, Čikoš A, Jug M, Padovan J, Dragojević S, Galić N. Investigation of Praziquantel/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexation by NMR and LC-HRMS/MS: Mechanism, Solubility, Chemical Stability, and Degradation Products. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4210-4223. [PMID: 34670371 PMCID: PMC8564759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II anthelmintic drug characterized by poor solubility and a bitter taste, both of which can be addressed by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins (CD). In this work, a comprehensive investigation of praziquantel/cyclodextrin (PZQ/CD) complexes was conducted by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), and molecular modeling. Phase solubility studies revealed that among four CDs tested, the randomly methylated β-CD (RMβCD) and the sulfobutylether sodium salt β-CD (SBEβCD) resulted in the highest increase in PZQ solubility (approximately 16-fold). The formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes was confirmed by HRMS, NMR, and molecular modeling. Both cyclohexane and the central pyrazino ring, as well as an aromatic part of PZQ are included in the CD central cavity through several different binding modes, which exist simultaneously. Furthermore, the influence of CDs on PZQ stability was investigated in solution (HCl, NaOH, H2O2) and in the solid state (accelerated degradation, photostability) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/MS). CD complexation promoted new degradation pathways of the drug. In addition to three already known PZQ degradants, seven new degradation products were identified (m/z 148, 215, 217, 301, 327, 343, and 378) and their structures were proposed based on HRMS/MS data. Solid complexes were prepared by mechanochemical activation, a solvent-free and ecologically acceptable method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijana Pocrnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Klarić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Bertoša
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čikoš
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Jug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Padovan
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nives Galić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, da Silva GN, Neves Olsen Scaliante MH. A critical review on environmental presence of pharmaceutical drugs tested for the covid-19 treatment. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2021; 152:568-582. [PMID: 34226801 PMCID: PMC8243632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The outbreak caused a worldwide impact, becoming a health threat to the general population and its professionals. To date, there are no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for the COVID-19 infection, however, some drugs are being clinically tested. The use of these drugs on large scale raises great concern about their imminent environmental risk, since the elimination of these compounds by feces and urine associated with the inefficiency of sewage treatment plants in their removal can result in their persistence in the environment, putting in risk the health of humans and of other species. Thus, the goal of this work was to conduct a review of other studies that evaluated the presence of the drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, dexamethasone, remdesivir, favipiravir and some HIV antivirals in the environment. The research indicated the presence of these drugs in the environment in different regions, with concentration data that could serve as a basis for further comparative studies following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Picoli Nippes
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
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12
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Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Düring RA, Olu-Owolabi BI. Empirical Assessment and Reusability of an Eco-Friendly Amine-Functionalized SBA-15 Adsorbent for Aqueous Ivermectin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Fanyana M. Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35359 Germany
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13
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Olu-Owolabi BI, Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Düring RA. Utilizing eco-friendly kaolinite-biochar composite adsorbent for removal of ivermectin in aqueous media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111619. [PMID: 33168299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging contaminants are currently used in an unregulated manner worldwide, resulting in their increasing stringent limits in water by regulatory bodies. Thus, more viable and cheap treatment technologies are required. Recently, synergistic combinations of low-cost adsorbents have shown huge potential for aqueous toxic metals adsorption in water treatment processes. However, there is dearth of data on their potential for emerging contaminant removal. Here, low-cost kaolinite (KAC) clay was synergistically combined with blended Carica papaya or pine cone seeds, and calcined to obtain composites of KAC-Carica papaya seeds (KPA) and KAC-pine cone seeds (KPC). These adsorbents were characterized and evaluated for ivermectin adsorption at varying operating times (15-1440 min), pH (3-11), concentration (100-600 μg/L), and temperature (19.5-39.5 °C), as well as testing adsorbents' reusability. The composites exhibited marked property differences including over 250% cation exchange capacity increases and ≥50% surface area decreases, but unchanged KAC clay primary lattice structure. Ivermectin adsorption data were explained using kinetics and adsorption isotherm models. The rate of adsorption on KAC decreased over time, while rates for KPA and KPC increased until equilibrium at 180 min; the presence of biomaterials in the composites conferred better ivermectin adsorption and retention under continuous agitation. The adsorbents exhibited dual adsorption peaks one each at the acidic and alkaline pH regions as solution pH changed from 3 to 11. The rate data fitted (≥0.9232) the homogeneous fractal Pseudo-Second Order (FPSO) better than any other kinetics model, as well as the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (≥0.9887); these indicate complex interactions between ivermectin and the adsorption sites of both composites. Ambient temperature increase up to ≈30 °C caused higher ivermectin adsorption but beyond this temperature there was drastic drop in adsorption. The KPA and KPC adsorption capacities are 105.3 and 115.8 μg/g, respectively. The KPC was better at reducing ivermecitn in low-concentration solution (≈75 μg/L) to less than 5.0 μg/L compared with KPA with ≈20.0 μg/L. Though KPC showed better efficiency in adsorption capacity and lowering concentration in low-concentration solutions, KPA exhibited better reusability with 83.5 and 67.5% initial adsorption strengths remaining in the second and third adsorption cycles, respectively, compared to the 73.8 and 58.8% for the KPC. These results indicate that KPA and KPC composites have the economic potential for application in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele I Olu-Owolabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul N Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Fanyana M Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Xikhongelo RV, Mtunzi FM, Diagboya PN, Olu-Owolabi BI, Düring RA. Polyamidoamine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide–SBA-15 Mesoporous Composite: Adsorbent for Aqueous Arsenite, Cadmium, Ciprofloxacin, Ivermectin, and Tetracycline. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikhotso V. Xikhongelo
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Fanyana M. Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Paul N. Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bamidele I. Olu-Owolabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Petrie B, Lopardo L, Proctor K, Rice J, Youdan J, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Stereoisomeric profiling of chiral pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewaters and the receiving environment - A catchment-scale and a laboratory study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:558-572. [PMID: 30981914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral pharmaceutically active compounds (cPACs) are not currently governed by environmental regulation yet are expected to be in the future. As cPACs can exert stereospecific toxicity in the aquatic environment, it is essential to better understand their stereoselective behaviour here. Therefore, this study aims to provide a new perspective towards comprehensive evaluation of cPACs at a river catchment level, including their stereochemistry as a chemical phenomenon driving fate of chiral molecules in the environment. A large spatial and temporal monitoring program was performed in Southwest England. It included 5 sewage treatment works and the receiving waters of the largest river catchment in Southwest England. Simultaneously, lab-scale microcosm studies in simulated activated sludge bioreactors and river water microcosm were performed to evaluate stereoselective degradation of cPACs. A multi-residue enantioselective method allowed the analysis of a total of 18 pairs of enantiomers and 3 single enantiomers in wastewater and river water samples. Our monitoring program revealed: (1) spatial and temporal variations of cPACs in influent wastewaters resulting from different patterns of usage as well as an (2) enantiomeric enrichment of cPACs, likely due to human metabolism, despite their commercialization as racemic mixtures. A similar chiral signature was observed in effluent and receiving waters. Stereoselective degradation was observed in trickling filters (TF) for naproxen, ketoprofen, cetirizine and 10,11-dihydroxy-10-hydroxycarbamazepine, in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) for ifosfamide and in activated sludge (AS) for cetirizine. The extent of enantiomer-specific fate was wastewater treatment dependent in the case of naproxen (TF showed higher stereoselectivity than AS and SBR) and cetirizine (TF and AS showed higher stereoselectivity than SBR) due to differing microbial population. Furthermore, stereoselective degradation of naproxen was highly variable among STWs using similar treatments (TF) and operating in the same region. Microbial stereoselective degradation was also confirmed by both activated and river water simulated microcosm for chloramphenicol, ketoprofen, indoprofen, naproxen and 10,11-dihydroxy-10-hydroxycarbamazepine. Results from our large scale river catchment monitoring study and lab simulated microcosm show wide-ranging implications of enantiomerism of cPACs on environmental risk assessment (ERA). As two enantiomers of the same compound show different biological effects (e.g. toxicity), their non-racemic presence in the environment might lead to inaccurate ERA. This is because current ERA approaches do not require analysis at enantiomeric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Luigi Lopardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kathryn Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jack Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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16
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Bader C, Starling DE, Jones DE, Brewer MT. Use of praziquantel to control platyhelminth parasites of fish. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:139-153. [PMID: 30556228 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fish are common definitive and intermediate hosts for a variety of parasitic flatworms. In unstressed wild populations, parasitic infections often go unnoticed and are perceived to represent a lesser threat to fish health. In contrast, platyhelminth parasitism of captive fish often results in decreased weight gain and increased mortality which often necessitates chemotherapeutic treatment. The presence of platyhelminth parasites in fish tissues is not only unappealing but in some cases also represents a threat to human health. In veterinary medicine, one of the most commonly used agents with anti-flatworm activity is praziquantel; yet, no praziquantel products are labeled for use in fish in the United States. Veterinarians may use praziquantel preparations approved for other vertebrate species under the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA). However, such extra-label use should be informed by scientific evidence including efficacy and tissue residue studies. Herein, we review studies testing the efficacy of praziquantel for treatment of platyhelminthes along with an assessment of routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bader
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - David E Starling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Douglas E Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Matthew T Brewer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
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17
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Tseng CS, Wu T, Lin YW. Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Ag₃PO₄ Microparticles for Degradation of Organic Dyestuffs under White-Light Light-Emitting-Diode Irradiation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050708. [PMID: 29710872 PMCID: PMC5978085 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated facile synthesis of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) photocatalysts for the degradation of organic contaminants. Ag3PO4 microparticles from different concentrations of precursor, AgNO3, were produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Degradation rates of methylene blue (MB) and phenol were measured in the presence of microparticles under low-power white-light light-emitting-diode (LED) irradiation and the reaction rate followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The prepared Ag3PO4 microparticles displayed considerably high photocatalytic activity (>99.8% degradation within 10 min). This can be attributed to the microparticles’ large surface area, the low recombination rate of electron–hole pairs and the higher charge separation efficiency. The practicality of the Ag3PO4 microparticles was validated by the degradation of MB, methyl red, acid blue 1 and rhodamine B under sunlight in environmental water samples, demonstrating the benefit of the high photocatalytic activity from Ag3PO4 microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shun Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
| | - Tsunghsueh Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, 1 University Plaza, Platteville, WI 53818-3099, USA.
| | - Yang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
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18
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Čizmić M, Ljubas D, Ćurković L, Škorić I, Babić S. Kinetics and degradation pathways of photolytic and photocatalytic oxidation of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:500-512. [PMID: 27174626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anthelmintic drug, praziquantel(PZQ), was degraded using the direct photolysis, photocatalysis, and oxidation processes including UV radiation, TiO2 film, and hydrogen peroxide. The photolytic degradation with predominant wavelengths of 185/254nm (UV-C) proved to be more efficient with a half-life of 3.13min compared to the radiation of 365nm (UV-A) where the degradation did not occur. In order to enhance the rate of PZQ photolytic degradation, H2O2 was added, which resulted in two to three times higher degradation rates. In the photocatalytic degradation, TiO2 film was used as catalyst. The degradation was ten times faster in the photocatalytic experiments where UV-C light (k=0.2390min-1) was used than in those with UV-A (k=0.0201min-1). Comparing the results from all performed experiments it can be concluded that the UV-C/TiO2/H2O2 process yielded the highest degradation rate and complete degradation of PZQ was obtained in less than 7min. The degradation of PZQ followed the first order kinetics in all the experiments. The photo degradation was inhibited in the presence of methanol. The degradation pathways and the structural formulae of five degradation products (m/z 273, 269, 189, 147, 132) were proposed based on the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Čizmić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Davor Ljubas
- Department of Energy, Power Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Ćurković
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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