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Chang BZ, Zhang S, Chen DZ, Gao KT, Yang GF. Performance, kinetic characteristics and bacterial community of short-cut nitrification and denitrification system at different ferrous ion conditions. Biodegradation 2024; 35:621-639. [PMID: 38619793 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In order to explore the operation performance, kinetic characteristics and bacterial community of the short-cut nitrification and denitrification (SND) system, the SND system with pre-cultured short cut nitrification and denitrification sludge was established and operated under different ferrous ion (Fe (II)) conditions. Experimental results showed that the average NH4+-N removal efficiency (ARE) of SND system was 97.3% on Day 5 and maintained a high level of 94.9% ± 1.3% for a long operation period. When the influent Fe(II) concentration increased from 2.3 to 7.3 mg L-1, the sedimentation performance, sludge concentration and organic matter removal performance were improved. However, higher Fe(II) of 12.3 mg L-1 decreased the removal of nitrogen and CODCr with the relative abundance (RA) of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased to 30.28% and 19.41%, respectively. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in SND system. Higher Fe(II) level of 12.3 mg L-1 increase the RA of denitrifying genus Trichococcus (33.93%), and the denitrifying genus Thauera and Tolumonas dominant at Fe(II) level of no more than 7.3 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Ze Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Tuo Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China
- Focused Photonics Limited Company, Hangzhou, No.760, Bin'an Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Feng Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhoushan, 316022, People's Republic of China.
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Arcas-Pilz V, Gabarrell X, Orsini F, Villalba G. Literature review on the potential of urban waste for the fertilization of urban agriculture: A closer look at the metropolitan area of Barcelona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167193. [PMID: 37741375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture (UA) activities are increasing in popularity and importance due to greater food demands and reductions in agricultural land, also advocating for greater local food supply and security as well as the social and community cohesion perspective. This activity also has the potential to enhance the circularity of urban flows, repurposing nutrients from waste sources, increasing their self-sufficiency, reducing nutrient loss into the environment, and avoiding environmental cost of nutrient extraction and synthetization. The present work is aimed at defining recovery technologies outlined in the literature to obtain relevant nutrients such as N and P from waste sources in urban areas. Through literature research tools, the waste sources were defined, differentiating two main groups: (1) food, organic, biowaste and (2) wastewater. Up to 7 recovery strategies were identified for food, organic, and biowaste sources, while 11 strategies were defined for wastewater, mainly focusing on the recovery of N and P, which are applicable in UA in different forms. The potential of the recovered nutrients to cover existing and prospective UA sites was further assessed for the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Nutrient recovery from current composting and anaerobic digestion of urban sourced organic matter obtained each year in the area as well as the composting of wastewater sludge, struvite precipitation and ion exchange in wastewater effluent generated yearly in existing WWTPs were assessed. The results show that the requirements for the current and prospective UA in the area can be met 2.7 to 380.2 times for P and 1.7 to 117.5 times for N depending on the recovery strategy. While the present results are promising, current perceptions, legislation and the implementation and production costs compared to existing markets do not facilitate the application of nutrient recovery strategies, although a change is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhong J, Liu J, Hu R, Pan D, Shao S, Wu X. Performance of nitrification-denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal driven by in-situ generated biogenic manganese oxides in a moving bed biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128957. [PMID: 36965588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of NH4+-N, NO3--N, COD, and P by manganese redox cycling in nutrient wastewater was established with two moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) with in-situ generated biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) and non-BioMnOx. In-situ generated BioMnOx preferentially promoted the denitrification, and the average removal of NO3--N, NH4+-N, and TN in the experimental MBBR with BioMnOx increased to 89.00%, 70.64%, and 76.06% compared with the control MBBR with non-BioMnOx. The relevant enzymes activity, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), electron transport system activity (ETSA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. The element valence and morphology of purified BioMnOx were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as the effect of BioMnOx on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The results suggested that BioMnOx could improve nitrogen conversion. Electrochemical characteristic and microbial community were detected. This study provided a new strategy for nutrients removal in BioMnOx-mediated wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Dandan Pan
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Sicheng Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
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Yu C, Yin W, Yu Z, Chen J, Huang R, Zhou X. Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35525-35535. [PMID: 35493188 PMCID: PMC9043190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kgN -1 in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Zhenjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Rui Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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Chen Y, Sui Q, Yu D, Zheng L, Chen M, Ritigala T, Wei Y. Development of a Short-Cut Combined Magnetic Coagulation-Sequence Batch Membrane Bioreactor for Swine Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 33498712 PMCID: PMC7911319 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A high concentration of suspended solids (SS) in swine wastewater reduces the efficiency of the biological treatment process. The current study developed a short-cut combined magnetic coagulation (MC)-sequence batch membrane bioreactor (SMBR) process to treat swine wastewater. Compared with the single SMBR process, the combined process successfully achieved similarly high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorous (TP) of 96.0%, 97.6%, 99.0%, and 69.1%, respectively, at dosages of 0.5 g/L of poly aluminium chloride (PAC), 2 mg/L of polyacrylamide (PAM), and 1 g/L of magnetic seeds in Stage II, and concentrations of TN, COD, and NH4+-N in effluent can meet the discharge standards for pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding (GB18596-2001, China). The nitrogen removal loading (NRL) was increased from 0.21 to 0.28 kg/(m3·d), and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was shortened from 5.0 days to 4.3 days. High-throughput sequencing analysis was carried out to investigate microbial community evolution, and the results showed that the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the SMBR increased from 0.1% without pre-treatment to 1.78% with the pre-treatment of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Libing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tharindu Ritigala
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (Y.C.); (Q.S.); (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.C.); (T.R.)
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
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6
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Guo Y, Li YY. Hydroxyapatite crystallization-based phosphorus recovery coupling with the nitrogen removal through partial nitritation/anammox in a single reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116444. [PMID: 32992148 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For digestion effluent treatment, while the anammox-based process has been successfully applied for nitrogen removal, in most cases, phosphorus (P) represents another major concern. In this study, a novel process, integrating the partial nitritation/anammox and hydroxyapatite crystallization (PNA-HAP) in a single airlift reactor, was developed for the simultaneous nitrogen removal and P recovery from synthetic digestion effluent. With a stable influent P concentration of 20.0 mg/L, an HRT of 6 h, and alternating increases of influent calcium and ammonium, the final achieved nitrogen removal rate was 1.2 kg/m3/d and the P removal efficiency was 83.0%. The settleability of sludge was desirably enhanced with the calcium addition and a high biomass concentration was achieved in reactor. Quantitative and qualitative analyses confirmed that HAP was the main inorganic content in sludge, which could be harvested for P recovery. According to the Scanning Electron Microscope observation and the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis, the microbes were mainly distributed on the outer layer of the sludge aggregate, while the HAP mainly in the interior. The relevant theoretical calculation also revealed that the sludge discharge manipulation has direct effect on the sludge composition and aggregate structure. In sum, the results are evidence of the feasibility of simultaneous nitrogen removal and P recovery through one-stage PNA-HAP process for digestion effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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7
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Nsenga Kumwimba M, Lotti T, Şenel E, Li X, Suanon F. Anammox-based processes: How far have we come and what work remains? A review by bibliometric analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124627. [PMID: 31548173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen contamination remains a severe environmental problem and a major threat to sustainable development worldwide. A systematic analysis of the literature indicates that the partial nitritation-anammox (PN/AMX) process is still actively studied as a viable option for energy-efficient and feasible technology for the sustainable treatment of N- rich wastewaters, since its initial discovery in 1990. Notably, the mainstream PN/AMX process application remains the most challenging bottleneck in AMX technology and fascinates the world's attention in AMX studies. This paper discusses the recent trends and developments of PN/AMX research and analyzes the results of recent years of research on the PN/AMX from lab-to full-scale applications. The findings would deeply improve our understanding of the major challenges under mainstream conditions and next-stage research on the PN/AMX process. A great deal of efforts has been made in the process engineering, PN/AMX bacteria populations, predictive modeling, and the full-scale implementations during the past 22 years. A series of new and excellent experimental findings at lab, pilot and full-scale levels including good nitrogen removal performance even under low temperature (15-10 °C) around the world were achieved. To date, pilot- and full-scale PN/AMX have been successfully used to treat different types of industrial sewage, including black wastewater, sludge digester liquids, landfill leachate, monosodium glutamate wastewater, etc. Supplementing the qualitative analysis, this review also provides a quantitative bibliometrics study and evaluates global perspectives on PN/AMX research published during the past 22 years. Finally, general trends in the development of PN/AMX research are summarized with the aim of conveying potential future trajectories. The current review offers a valuable orientation and global overview for scientists, engineers, readers and decision makers presently focusing on PN/AMX processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Tommaso Lotti
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Engin Şenel
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fidèle Suanon
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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8
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Guan T, Kuang Y, Li X, Fang J, Fang W, Wu D. The recovery of phosphorus from source-separated urine by repeatedly usable magnetic Fe 3O 4@ZrO 2 nanoparticles under acidic conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105322. [PMID: 31739135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The separation of urine at source for phosphorus (P) recovery is attractive taking into account the high P concentration and small volume. However, the treatment of urine is still challenging due to its unpleasant odor and hygiene problems. Because the above problems could be solved by acidification to keep the pH of urine below 4, we propose a novel strategy to recover P from acidified urine using tailored hydrous zirconia-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZrO2). This strategy involves the selective adsorption of phosphate by easily separable and reusable Fe3O4@ZrO2, the desorption of adsorbed phosphate, and the precipitation of desorbed phosphate as calcium phosphate fertilizer. The results indicated that at pH 4, the P in synthetic urine was selectively adsorbed and could be exhausted using Fe3O4@ZrO2. Nearly all (>97.5%) of the sequestered P on the Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles was stripped using ≥1 M NaOH solution and ~100% of the stripped P was then successfully transformed into calcium phosphate, upon adding CaCl2 at pH >12 and a Ca/P molar ratio of 3. The liquid/solid (Fe3O4@ZrO2 particles) mixture could be conveniently separated for reuse using an external magnetic field. The reusability of the Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles in the extraction of P from synthetic urine was confirmed using five cycles of the adsorption-desorption process and their performance validated using real urine samples. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption was investigated using XPS, FTIR and zeta potential measurements, showing that phosphate was chemically adsorbed on the surface through direct coordination to zirconium atom via ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Kuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenkan Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Makgabutlane B, Nthunya LN, Musyoka N, Dladla BS, Nxumalo EN, Mhlanga SD. Microwave-assisted synthesis of coal fly ash-based zeolites for removal of ammonium from urine. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2416-2427. [PMID: 35494557 PMCID: PMC9048987 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites synthesized from biomass waste materials offer a great opportunity in the sustainable utilization of the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo Makgabutlane
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology
- University of South Africa
- Florida
- South Africa
| | - Lebea N. Nthunya
- Department of Chemical
- Metallurgical and Material Engineering
- Tshwane University of Technology
- Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Nicholas Musyoka
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Energy Centre
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Pretoria
- South Africa
| | - Bongumusa S. Dladla
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology
- University of South Africa
- Florida
- South Africa
| | - Edward N. Nxumalo
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology
- University of South Africa
- Florida
- South Africa
| | - Sabelo D. Mhlanga
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology
- University of South Africa
- Florida
- South Africa
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Huang H, Li J, Li B, Zhang D, Zhao N, Tang S. Comparison of different K-struvite crystallization processes for simultaneous potassium and phosphate recovery from source-separated urine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:787-795. [PMID: 30253360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled K-struvite crystallization is an attractive technology to simultaneously recover phosphate and potassium from urine. This study investigated the recovery of phosphate and potassium from source-separated urine by K-struvite crystallization using different use models of low-grade MgO (LG-MgO): LG-MgO alone (model 1, M1), LG-MgO plus phosphorus acid (model 2, M2), and a pre-formed stabilizing agent by adding LG-MgO plus phosphorus acid (model 3, M3). Results showed that 100% phosphate and 25% K could be recovered from urine by M1. M2 at an MgO:K:P molar ratio of 4:1:1.6 provided a maximum P and K recovery efficiency at 100% and 70%. M3 achieved a same K-removal efficiency as M2, but the phosphate recovery efficiency was lower than that of M2 due to the dissolution of phosphate in the stabilizing agent. K-struvite crystallization was closely accompanied by severe co-precipitation of Na-struvite. Increasing the Na concentration markedly improved the ability of Na co-precipitation, but the variation of pH did not affect the competition precipitation of K and Na. When the Na:K molar ratio was >10, the precipitation of Na was more than that of K. A process performance evaluation indicated that M3 is more suitable for simultaneous K and P recovery from source-separated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bing Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, He Nan, China; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Dingding Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Shoufeng Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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Yang S, Yao G. Simultaneous removal of concentrated organics, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients by an oxygen-limited membrane bioreactor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202179. [PMID: 30161154 PMCID: PMC6116941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus was achieved in a bench-scale oxygen-limited membrane bioreactor (OLMBR). Due to the limited dissolved oxygen (~ 0.2 mg/L equilibrium concentration) and the increased sludge concentration associated with the hollow fiber membrane, the OLMBR was endowed with an excellent performance on the removal of multi-pollutants. The optimized removal efficiencies of COD, nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (TP) were approximately 95.5%, 90.0% and 82.6%, respectively (COD/N/P = 500:10:1, influent loading = 5.0 kg COD·m-3·d-1, 35°C). Mass balance and bacterial community analysis indicated that the removal of organic carbon was mainly achieved by the methane production process (67.6%). Short-cut nitrification-denitrification (SCND) was observed as the primary denitrification process in the OLMBR, in which the concentrated organic compounds served as the electron donors for denitrification. Nitrosomonas was observed to be the predominant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were almost absent in the microbial community as revealed by the high-throughput sequencing technique. In addition, Euryarchaeota and Candidatus, which were well associated with the process of denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation, were also detected. Sludge absorption was the main route for TP removal in the OLMBR, and the production of PH3 gas also accounted for 19.4% of TP removal. This study suggested that the interception effect of hollow fiber membrane provided higher sludge concentration, therefore offering more bacteria for pollutant removal. The OLMBR can be used for simultaneous removal of highly concentrated organics and nutrients in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang YS, Tong ZH, Wang LF, Sheng GP, Yu HQ. Effective flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa with simultaneous nutrient precipitation from hydrolyzed human urine. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:472-478. [PMID: 29156332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical harvest of massive harmful algal blooms is an effective measure for bloom mitigation. Yet subsequent processing of the resulting water from algae water separation after the harvesting becomes a new problem since individual algal cells or small algal aggregates are still present in the water. Here, we proposed a novel approach for effectively flocculating the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa with a removal efficiency of 97% in 6 h using hydrolyzed urine. Nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously reclaimed through struvite formation. The addition of Mg2+ promoted the flocculation efficiency and nutrient removal as well as the yield of struvite. Ca2+ could enhance the flocculation efficiency by forming calcium phosphate. During the flocculation process, no significant damage in algal cells was observed. This study provides a novel and sustainable potential for subsequent processing of the resulting water after algae water separation with simultaneous nutrient precipitation and reducing nutrient loads to wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Long-Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Dasgupta S, Wu S, Goel R. Coupling autotrophic denitrification with partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) for efficient total inorganic nitrogen removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:700-707. [PMID: 28709076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of and the microbial ecology in an integrated lab scale set up comprising of a PN/A bioreactor and an elemental sulfur-supported packed bed autotrophic denitrification (ESSAD) are reported. The PN/A reactor exhibited an average removal rate of 0.56±0.103kgNm-3d-1, whereas the ESSAD reactor removed an average of 0.0018kg NO3--Nm-3d-1. The combined average removal rate was 0.6kgNm-3d-1, yielding an overall total inorganic nitrogen efficiency of 97%. Based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the ESSAD reactor, the extracted Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) formed a clade with Thiobacillus denitrificans sp. indicating a common ancestral relationship. High throughput amplicon sequencing targeting V3 region of 16S rRNA gene for the biofilm in the ESSAD also revealed an abundance of the Thiobacillus genus. Additionally, 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing of the genomic DNA from the PN/A reactor reflected a dominance of the Planctomycetes phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayna Dasgupta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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