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Cao CS, Wang J, Yang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L. A review on the advancement in photocatalytic degradation of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances in water: Insights into the mechanisms and structure-function relationship. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174137. [PMID: 38909806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants and ubiquitous in aquatic environment, which are hazardous to organisms and human health. Several countries and regions have taken actions to regulate or limit the production and emission of some PFAS. Even though a series of water treatment technologies have been developed for removal of PFAS to eliminate their potential adverse effects, the removal and degradation performance are usually unsatisfactory. Photocatalytic degradation of PFAS is considered as one of the most effective approaches due to the mild operation conditions and environmental friendliness. This review systematically summarized the recent advances in photocatalytic degradation of PFAS based on heterogeneous photocatalysts, including TiO2-, Ga2O3-, In2O3-, ZnO-, Bi-based, and others. Overall, two mainly degradation mechanisms were involved, including photo-oxidation (involving the holes and oxidative radicals) and photo-reduction types (by e- and reductive radicals). The band structures of the photocatalysts, degradation pathways, structure-function relationship, and impacting factors were further discussed to elucidate the essential reasons for the enhanced degradation of PFAS. Furthermore, the review identified the major knowledge gaps to solve the issues of photocatalysis in real application. This paper also propounded several strategies to promote the design and optimization of high-efficient photocatalysts, and meet the challenges to remove PFAS through photodegradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shuai Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Vakili M, Cagnetta G, Deng S, Wang W, Gholami Z, Gholami F, Dastyar W, Mojiri A, Blaney L. Regeneration of exhausted adsorbents after PFAS adsorption: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134429. [PMID: 38691929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption process efficiently removes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, but managing exhausted adsorbents presents notable environmental and economic challenges. Conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, may reintroduce PFAS into the environment. Therefore, advanced regeneration techniques are imperative to prevent leaching during disposal and enhance sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This review critically evaluates thermal and chemical regeneration approaches for PFAS-laden adsorbents, elucidating their operational mechanisms, the influence of water quality parameters, and their inherent advantages and limitations. Thermal regeneration achieves notable desorption efficiencies, reaching up to 99% for activated carbon. However, it requires significant energy input and risks compromising the adsorbent's structural integrity, resulting in considerable mass loss (10-20%). In contrast, chemical regeneration presents a diverse efficiency landscape across different regenerants, including water, acidic/basic, salt, solvent, and multi-component solutions. Multi-component solutions demonstrate superior efficiency (>90%) compared to solvent-based solutions (12.50%), which, in turn, outperform salt (2.34%), acidic/basic (1.17%), and water (0.40%) regenerants. This hierarchical effectiveness underscores the nuanced nature of chemical regeneration, significantly influenced by factors such as regenerant composition, the molecular structure of PFAS, and the presence of organic co-contaminants. Exploring the conditional efficacy of thermal and chemical regeneration methods underscores the imperative of strategic selection based on specific types of PFAS and material properties. By emphasizing the limitations and potential of particular regeneration schemes and advocating for future research directions, such as exploring persulfate activation treatments, this review aims to catalyze the development of more effective regeneration processes. The ultimate goal is to ensure water quality and public health protection through environmentally sound solutions for PFAS remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Zahra Gholami
- ORLEN UniCRE, a.s, Revoluční 1521/84, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Klatovská 51, Plzeň 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wafa Dastyar
- Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering Department, McArthur Engineering Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Amin Mojiri
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Wang Z, Li M, Cao W, Liu Z, Kong D, Jiang W. Efficient photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by bismuth nanoparticle modified titanium dioxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172028. [PMID: 38575014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is potentially toxic and exceptionally stable attributed to its robust CF bond, which is hard to be removed by UV/TiO2 systems. In this research, bismuth nanoparticle (Bi NP) modified titanium oxides (Bi/TiO2) were synthesized by a simple photochemical deposition-calcination method and were applied as photocatalysts for the first time to degrade PFOA. The removal rate of 50 mg/L PFOA reached 99.3 % with 58.6 % defluorination rate after 30 min of irradiation via a mercury lamp. Bi/TiO2 exhibited superior performance in PFOA degradation compared to commercial photocatalysts (TiO2, Ga2O3, Bi2O3 and In2O3). In addition, Bi/TiO2 showed high degradation activity under actual sunlight, achieved 100 % removal rate and 59.3 % defluorination rate within 2 h. Bi NPs increase the light trapping ability of Bi/TiO2 and promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs via local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which results in more photogenerated holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). Combined with DFT calculations and intermediate detections, the degradation reaction is initiated from the oxidation of the PFOA carboxyl group via h+, followed by the loss of the CF2 unit step by step with the participation of OH. This work presents a novel approach for the practical implementation of TiO2-based photocatalysts to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Chen B, Xu J, Zhu L. Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:428-445. [PMID: 38105066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring. While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function, coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green, economic, and efficient remediation of contaminated sites. Hence, this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation, mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants. The rational design of materials structure, selective generation of reactive oxygen species, and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation. Meanwhile, current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants (i.e., dechlorination, defluorination, -NO2 reduction) is introduced. Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites, several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view. This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dey D, Shafi T, Chowdhury S, Dubey BK, Sen R. Progress and perspectives on carbon-based materials for adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141164. [PMID: 38215829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (also known as 'forever chemicals') have emerged as trace pollutants of global concern, attributing to their persistent and bio-accumulative nature, pervasive distribution, and adverse public health and environmental impacts. The unregulated discharge of PFAS into aquatic environments represents a prominent threat to the wellbeing of humans and marine biota, thereby exhorting unprecedented action to tackle PFAS contamination. Indeed, several noteworthy technologies intending to remove PFAS from environmental compartments have been intensively evaluated in recent years. Amongst them, adsorption and photocatalysis demonstrate remarkable ability to eliminate PFAS from different water matrices. In particular, carbon-based materials, because of their diverse structures and many exciting properties, offer bountiful opportunities as both adsorbent and photocatalyst, for the efficient abatement of PFAS. This review, therefore, presents a comprehensive summary of the diverse array of carbonaceous materials, including biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, that can serve as ideal candidates in adsorptive and photocatalytic treatment of PFAS contaminated water. Specifically, the efficacy of carbon-mediated PFAS removal via adsorption and photocatalysis is summarised, together with a cognizance of the factors influencing the treatment efficiency. The review further highlights the neoteric development on the novel innovative approach 'concentrate and degrade' that integrates selective adsorption of trace concentrations of PFAS onto photoactive surface sites, with enhanced catalytic activity. This technique is way more energy efficient than conventional energy-intensive photocatalysis. Finally, the review speculates the cardinal challenges associated with the practical utility of carbon-based materials, including their scalability and economic feasibility, for eliminating exceptionally stable PFAS from water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjali Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tajamul Shafi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Shamik Chowdhury
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Yadav M, Osonga FJ, Sadik OA. Unveiling nano-empowered catalytic mechanisms for PFAS sensing, removal and destruction in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169279. [PMID: 38123092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds used to manufacture various industrial and consumer goods. Due to their excellent physical and thermal stability ascribed to the strong CF bond, these are ubiquitously present globally and difficult to remediate. Extensive toxicological and epidemiological studies have confirmed these substances to cause adverse health effects. With the increasing literature on the environmental impact of PFAS, the regulations and research have also expanded. Researchers worldwide are working on the detection and remediation of PFAS. Many methods have been developed for their sensing, removal, and destruction. Amongst these methods, nanotechnology has emerged as a sustainable and affordable solution due to its tunable surface properties, high sorption capacities, and excellent reactivities. This review comprehensively discusses the recently developed nanoengineered materials used for detecting, sequestering, and destroying PFAS from aqueous matrices. Innovative designs of nanocomposites and their efficiency for the sensing, removal, and degradation of these persistent pollutants are reviewed, and key insights are analyzed. The mechanistic details and evidence available to support the cleavage of the CF bond during the treatment of PFAS in water are critically examined. Moreover, it highlights the challenges during PFAS quantification and analysis, including the analysis of intermediates in transitioning nanotechnologies from the laboratory to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manavi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Francis J Osonga
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institutes of Technology (NJIT), United States of America.
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Hamdi S, Gharbi-Khelifi H, Barreiro A, Mosbahi M, Cela-Dablanca R, Brahmi J, J Fernández-Sanjurjo M, Núñez-Delgado A, Issaoui M, Álvarez-Rodríguez E. Tetracycline adsorption/desorption by raw and activated Tunisian clays. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117536. [PMID: 38000635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Clay-based adsorbents have applications in environmental remediation, particularly in the removal of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics. Taking that into account, we studied the adsorption/desorption process of tetracycline (TC) using three raw and acid- or base-activated clays (AM, HJ1 and HJ2) collected, respectively, from Aleg (Mazzouna), El Haria (Jebess, Maknessy), and Chouabine (Jebess, Maknessy) formations, located in the Maknessy-Mazzouna basin, center-western of Tunisia. The main physicochemical properties of the clays were determined using standard procedures, where the studied clays presented a basic pH (8.39-9.08) and a high electrical conductivity (446-495 dS m-1). Their organic matter contents were also high (14-20%), as well as the values of the effective cation exchange capacity (80.65-97.45 cmolckg-1). In the exchange complex, the predominant cations were Na and Ca, in the case of clays HJ1 and AM, while Mg and Ca were dominant in the HJ2 clay. The sorption experimental setup consisted in performing batch tests, using 0.5 g of each clay sample, adding the selected TC concentrations, then carrying out quantification of the antibiotic by means of HPL-UV equipment. Raw clays showed high adsorption potential for TC (close to 100%) and very low desorption (generally less than 5%). This high adsorption capacity was also present in the clays after being activated with acid or base, allowing them to adsorb TC in a rather irreversible way for a wide range of pH (3.3-10) and electrical conductivity values (3.03-495 dS m-1). Adsorption experimental data were studied as regards their fitting to the Freundlich, Langmuir, Linear and Sips isotherms, being the Sips model the most appropriate to explain the adsorption of TC in these clays (natural or activated). These results could help to improve the overall knowledge on the application of new low-cost methods, using clay based adsorbents, to reduce risks due to emerging pollutants (and specifically TC) affecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Hamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain; Laboratory of Nutrition - Functional Foods and Health (NAFS)-LR12ES05, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances · LR99ES27 · Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hakima Gharbi-Khelifi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances · LR99ES27 · Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ana Barreiro
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mohamed Mosbahi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Raquel Cela-Dablanca
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jihen Brahmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - María J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Manel Issaoui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia; Laboratory of Nutrition - Functional Foods and Health (NAFS)-LR12ES05, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Juve JMA, Donoso Reece JA, Wong MS, Wei Z, Ateia M. Photocatalysts for chemical-free PFOA degradation - What we know and where we go from here? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132651. [PMID: 37827098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a toxic and recalcitrant perfluoroalkyl substance commonly detected in the environment. Its low concentration challenges the development of effective degradation techniques, which demands intensive chemical and energy consumption. The recent stringent health advisories and the upgrowth and advances in photocatalytic technologies claim the need to evaluate and compare the state-of-the-art. Among these systems, chemical-free photocatalysis emerges as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for PFOA degradation and potentially other perfluorinated carboxylic acids. This review (I) classifies the state-of-the-art of chemical-free photocatalysts for PFOA degradation in families of materials (Ti, Fe, In, Ga, Bi, Si, and BN), (II) describes the evolution of catalysts, identifies and discusses the strategies to enhance their performance, (III) proposes a simplified cost evaluation tool for simple techno-economical analysis of the materials; (IV) compares the features of the catalysts expanding the classic degradation focus to other essential parameters, and (V) identifies current research gaps and future research opportunities to enhance the photocatalyst performance. We aim that this critical review will assist researchers and practitioners to develop rational photocatalyst designs and identify research gaps for green and effective PFAS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Max Arana Juve
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Donoso Reece
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Verma S, Mezgebe B, Hejase CA, Sahle-Demessie E, Nadagouda MN. Photodegradation and photocatalysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A review of recent progress. NEXT MATERIALS 2024; 2:1-12. [PMID: 38840836 PMCID: PMC11151751 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are oxidatively recalcitrant organic synthetic compounds. PFAS are an exceptional group of chemicals that have significant physical characteristics due to the presence of the most electronegative element (i.e., fluorine). PFAS persist in the environment, bioaccumulate, and have been linked to toxicological impacts. Epidemiological and toxicity studies have shown that PFAS pose environmental and health risks, requiring their complete elimination from the environment. Various separation technologies, including adsorption with activated carbon or ion exchange resin; nanofiltration; reverse osmosis; and destruction methods (e.g., sonolysis, thermally induced reduction, and photocatalytic dissociation) have been evaluated to remove PFAS from drinking water supplies. In this review, we will comprehensively summarize previous reports on the photodegradation of PFAS with a special focus on photocatalysis. Additionally, challenges associated with these approaches along with perspectives on the state-of-the-art approaches will be discussed. Finally, the photocatalytic defluorination mechanism of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) following complete mineralization will also be examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Pegasus Technical Services INC., Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Bineyam Mezgebe
- Groundwater Characterization and Remediation Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US EPA, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Charifa A. Hejase
- Pegasus Technical Services INC., Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Land Remediation and Technology Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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10
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Hao S, Reardon PN, Choi YJ, Zhang C, Sanchez JM, Higgins CP, Strathmann TJ. Hydrothermal Alkaline Treatment (HALT) of Foam Fractionation Concentrate Derived from PFAS-Contaminated Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17154-17165. [PMID: 37856848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
While foam fractionation (FF) process has emerged as a promising technology for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater, management of the resulting foam concentrates with elevated concentrations of PFASs (e.g., >1 g/L) remains a challenge. Here, we applied hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT) to two foam concentrates derived from FF field demonstration projects that treated aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted groundwater. Results showed >90% degradation and defluorination within 90 min of treatment (350 °C, 1 M NaOH) of all 62 PFASs (including cations, anions, and zwitterions) identified in foam concentrates. Observed rate constants for degradation of individual perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs, CnF2n+1-SO3-), the most recalcitrant class of PFASs, in both foam concentrates were similar to values measured previously in other aqueous matrices, indicating that elevated initial PFAS concentrations (e.g., PFHxSinit = 0.55 g/L), dissolved organic carbon (DOC; up to 4.5 g/L), and salt levels (e.g., up to 325 mg/L chloride) do not significantly affect PFAS reaction kinetics. DOC was partially mineralized by treatment, but a fraction (∼15%) was recalcitrant. Spectroscopic characterization revealed molecular features of the HALT-recalcitrant DOC fraction, and nontarget high-resolution mass spectrometry tentatively identified 129 nonfluorinated HALT-recalcitrant molecules. Analysis of process energy requirements shows that treating PFAS-contaminated foam concentrates with HALT would add minimally (<5%) to the overall energy requirements of an integrated FF-HALT treatment train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilai Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette , Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chuhui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ozaki N, KarimiDermani B, Razmi E, Kasmuri N. Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments and their removal by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138666. [PMID: 37068615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), one of the main categories of emerging contaminants, are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. PFAS can endanger the environment and human health because of their wide application in industries, long-term persistence, unique properties, and bioaccumulation potential. This study sought to explain the accumulation of different PFAS in water bodies. In aquatic environments, PFAS concentrations range extensively from <0.03 (groundwater; Melbourne, Australia) to 51,000 ng/L (Groundwater, Sweden). Additionally, bioaccumulation of PFAS in fish and water biota has been stated to range from 0.2 (Burbot, Lake Vättern, Sweden) to 13,900 ng/g (Bluegill samples, U.S.). Recently, studies have focused on PFAS removal from aqueous solutions; one promising technique is advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including microwaves, ultrasound, ozonation, photocatalysis, UV, electrochemical oxidation, the Fenton process, and hydrogen peroxide-based and sulfate radical-based systems. The removal efficiency of PFAS ranges from 3% (for MW) to 100% for UV/sulfate radical as a hybrid reactor. Therefore, a hybrid reactor can be used to efficiently degrade and remove PFAS. Developing novel, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable AOPs for PFAS degradation in water treatment systems is a critical area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bahareh KarimiDermani
- Department of Geological Sciences, Hydrogeology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Elham Razmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norhafezah Kasmuri
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Nayak S, Sahoo G, Das II, Mohanty AK, Kumar R, Sahoo L, Sundaray JK. Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Do They Matter to Aquatic Ecosystems? TOXICS 2023; 11:543. [PMID: 37368643 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic chemicals with an aliphatic fluorinated carbon chain. Due to their durability, bioaccumulation potential, and negative impacts on living organisms, these compounds have drawn lots of attention across the world. The negative impacts of PFASs on aquatic ecosystems are becoming a major concern due to their widespread use in increasing concentrations and constant leakage into the aquatic environment. Furthermore, by acting as agonists or antagonists, PFASs may alter the bioaccumulation and toxicity of certain substances. In many species, particularly aquatic organisms, PFASs can stay in the body and induce a variety of negative consequences, such as reproductive toxicity, oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, immunological toxicity, developmental toxicity, cellular damage and necrosis. PFAS bioaccumulation plays a significant role and has an impact on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is influenced by the kind of diet and is directly related to the host's well-being. PFASs also act as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) which can change the endocrine system and result in dysbiosis of gut microbes and other health repercussions. In silico investigation and analysis also shows that PFASs are incorporated into the maturing oocytes during vitellogenesis and are bound to vitellogenin and other yolk proteins. The present review reveals that aquatic species, especially fishes, are negatively affected by exposure to emerging PFASs. Additionally, the effects of PFAS pollution on aquatic ecosystems were investigated by evaluating a number of characteristics, including extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and chlorophyll content as well as the diversity of the microorganisms in the biofilms. Therefore, this review will provide crucial information on the possible adverse effects of PFASs on fish growth, reproduction, gut microbial dysbiosis, and its potential endocrine disruption. This information aims to help the researchers and academicians work and come up with possible remedial measures to protect aquatic ecosystems as future works need to be focus on techno-economic assessment, life cycle assessment, and multi criteria decision analysis systems that screen PFAS-containing samples. New innovative methods requires further development to reach detection at the permissible regulatory limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Nayak
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Gunanidhi Sahoo
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsita Iswari Das
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Aman Kumar Mohanty
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshman Sahoo
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
- Fish Genetics & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
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13
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Liang J, Guo L, Xiang B, Wang X, Tang J, Liu Y. Research Updates on the Mechanism and Influencing Factors of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water Environments. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114489. [PMID: 37298966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid is ubiquitous in water bodies and is detrimental to the health of organisms. Effectively removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, has been a hot topic around the world. With traditional physical, chemical, and biological methods, it is difficult to effectively and completely remove PFOA, the costs are high, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. There are difficulties in applying some technologies. Therefore, more efficient and green degradation technologies have been sought. Photochemical degradation has been shown to be a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable technique for PFOA removal from water. Photocatalytic degradation technology offers great potential and prospects for the efficient degradation of PFOA. Most studies on PFOA have been conducted under ideal laboratory conditions at concentrations that are higher than those detected in real wastewater. This paper summarizes the research status of the photo-oxidative degradation of PFOA, and it summarizes the mechanism and kinetics of PFOA degradation in different systems, as well as the influence of key factors on the photo-oxidative degradation and defluoridation process, such as system pH, photocatalyst concentration, etc. PFOA photodegradation technology's existing problems and future work directions are also presented. This review provides a useful reference for future research on PFOA pollution control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang 122000, China
| | - Biao Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
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14
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Li J, Xi B, Zhu G, Yuan Y, Liu W, Gong Y, Tan W. A critical review of the occurrence, fate and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in landfills. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114980. [PMID: 36460077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this critical review is i) to summarize the occurrence of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in landfills; ii) to outline the environmental fate and transport of PFASs in landfills; iii) to compare the treatment technologies of PFASs in landfill leachate and remediation methods of PFASs in surrounding groundwater; iv) to identify the research gaps and suggest future research directions. In recent years, PFASs have been detected in landfills around the world, among which Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) especially Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are mostly studied due to their long-term stability. Short-chain PFASs (<8 carbons) are more common than long-chain PFASs (≧8 carbons) in landfill leachate. PFASs in landfill leachate are eventually transported to the surrounding groundwater, surface water and soil. Some PFASs evaporate from landfills to the ambient air. To avoid the environmental and health risks of PFASs in landfills, new technologies and combined use of existing technologies have been implemented to treat PFASs in landfill leachate. Integrated remediation methods are applied to control the diffusion of PFASs in groundwater surrounding landfills. In future, the mechanisms of PFAAs precursors degradation, the correlation among PFASs in different environmental media around landfills, as well as the environmental behavior and toxic effect of combined pollutants together with PFASs in landfill leachate and surrounding groundwater should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ganghui Zhu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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15
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Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhao D, Soong TY, Tian S. Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Landfills: Occurrence, Transformation and Treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:162-178. [PMID: 36379166 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfills have served as the final repository for > 50 % municipal solid wastes in the United States. Because of their widespread uses and persistence in the environment, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (>4000 on the global market) are ubiquitously present in everyday consumer, commercial and industrial products, and have been widely detected in both closed (tens ng/L) and active (thousands to ten thousands ng/L) landfills due to disposal of PFAS-containing materials. Along with the decomposition of wastes in-place, PFAS can be transformed and released from the wastes into leachate and landfill gas. Consequently, it is critical to understand the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills and the effectiveness of landfills, as a disposal alternative, for long-term containment of PFAS. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills, and possible effect of PFAS on the integrity of modern liner systems. Based on the data published from 10 countries (250 + landfills), C4-C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were found predominant in the untreated landfill leachate and neutral PFAS, primarily fluorotelomer alcohols, in landfill air. The effectiveness and limitations of the conventional leachate treatment technologies and emerging technologies were also evaluated to address PFAS released into the leachate. Among conventional technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) may achieve a high removal efficiency of 90-100 % based on full-scale data, which, however, is vulnerable to the organic fouling and requires additional disposal of the concentrate. Implications of these knowledge on PFAS management at landfills are discussed and major knowledge gaps are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA.
| | - Xianda Zhao
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Te-Yang Soong
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA
| | - Shuting Tian
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA; Institute of Environmental Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
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16
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Meegoda JN, Bezerra de Souza B, Casarini MM, Kewalramani JA. A Review of PFAS Destruction Technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416397. [PMID: 36554276 PMCID: PMC9778349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a family of highly toxic emerging contaminants that have caught the attention of both the public and private sectors due to their adverse health impacts on society. The scientific community has been laboriously working on two fronts: (1) adapting already existing and effective technologies in destroying organic contaminants for PFAS remediation and (2) developing new technologies to remediate PFAS. A common characteristic in both areas is the separation/removal of PFASs from other contaminants or media, followed by destruction. The widely adopted separation technologies can remove PFASs from being in contact with humans; however, they remain in the environment and continue to pose health risks. On the other hand, the destructive technologies discussed here can effectively destroy PFAS compounds and fully address society's urgent need to remediate this harmful family of chemical compounds. This review reports and compare widely accepted as well as emerging PFAS destruction technologies. Some of the technologies presented in this review are still under development at the lab scale, while others have already been tested in the field.
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17
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FitzGerald LI, Olorunyomi JF, Singh R, Doherty CM. Towards Solving the PFAS Problem: The Potential Role of Metal-Organic Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201136. [PMID: 35843909 PMCID: PMC9804497 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of recalcitrant molecules that have been used since the 1940s in a variety of applications. They are now linked to a host of negative health outcomes and are extremely resistant to degradation under environmental conditions. Currently, membrane technologies or adsorbents are used to remediate contaminated water. These techniques are either inefficient at capturing smaller PFAS molecules, have high energy demands, or result in concentrated waste that must be incinerated at high temperatures. This Review focuses on what role metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) may play in addressing the PFAS problem. Specifically, how the unique properties of MOFs such as their well-defined pore sizes, ultra-high internal surface area, and tunable surface chemistry may be a sustainable solution for PFAS contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruhani Singh
- CSIRO ManufacturingPrivate Bag 10Clayton South3169VictoriaAustralia
| | - Cara M. Doherty
- CSIRO ManufacturingPrivate Bag 10Clayton South3169VictoriaAustralia
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18
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Liu F, Guan X, Xiao F. Photodegradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: A review of fundamentals and applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129580. [PMID: 35905606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, mobile, and toxic chemicals that are hazardous to human health and the environment. Several countries, including the United States, plan to set an enforceable maximum contamination level for certain PFAS compounds in drinking water sources. Among the available treatment options, photocatalytic treatment is promising for PFAS degradation and mineralization in the aqueous solution. In this review, recent advances in the abatement of PFAS from water using photo-oxidation and photo-reduction are systematically reviewed. Degradation mechanisms of PFAS by photo-oxidation involving the holes (hvb+) and oxidative radicals and photo-reduction using the electrons (ecb-) and hydrated electrons (eaq-) are integrated. The recent development of innovative heterogeneous photocatalysts and photolysis systems for enhanced degradation of PFAS is highlighted. Photodegradation mechanisms of alternative compounds, such as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) and chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), are also critically evaluated. This paper concludes by identifying major knowledge gaps and some of the challenges that lie ahead in the scalability and adaptability issues of photocatalysis for natural water treatment. Development made in photocatalysts design and system optimization forges a path toward sustainable treatment of PFAS-contaminated water through photodegradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
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19
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Fu C, Xu X, Zheng C, Liu X, Zhao D, Qiu W. Photocatalysis of aqueous PFOA by common catalysts of In 2O 3, Ga 2O 3, TiO 2, CeO 2 and CdS: influence factors and mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2943-2953. [PMID: 35064382 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium dioxide (CeO2), indium oxide (In2O3) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) were commonly used under UV light as photocatalysis system for the pollutants' degradation. In this study, these five catalysts were applied for the photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a well-known perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). As a result, the PFOA photodegradation performance was sequenced as: Ga2O3 > TiO2 > CeO2 > In2O3 > CdS. To further explain the photocatalysis mechanism, the effects of initial pH, photon energy and band gap were evaluated. The initial pH of 3 ± 0.2 hinders the catalytic reaction of CdS, resulting in low degradation of PFOA, while it has no significant effect on Ga2O3, TiO2, CeO2 and In2O3. In addition, quantum yield was sequenced as TiO2 > CeO2 > Ga2O3 > In2O3, which may not be the main factor determining the degradation effect. Notably, the band gap energy from large to narrow was as: Ga2O3 > TiO2 > CeO2 > In2O3 > CdS, which exactly matched their degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Fu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuru Xu
- School of Agricultural and Biological Technology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, PO Box 15200, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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20
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Wang M, Cai Y, Zhou B, Yuan R, Chen Z, Chen H. Removal of PFASs from water by carbon-based composite photocatalysis with adsorption and catalytic properties: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155652. [PMID: 35508243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants widely distributed in aquatic environments. The adsorption and photocatalytic methods have been widely used to remove PFASs in water because of their respective advantages. Still, they have apparent defects when used alone. Therefore, the adsorption and photocatalytic technologies are combined through suitable preparation methods, and the excellent properties of the two are used to synergize the treatment of organic pollutants. This strategy of "concentrating" pollutants and then degrading them in a centralized manner plays an essential role in removing trace PFASs. Nevertheless, a review focusing on this kind of adsorption photocatalyst system is lacking. This review will fill this gap and provide a reference for developing a carbon-based composite photocatalyst. Firstly, different carbon-based composite photocatalysts are reviewed in detail, focusing on the differences in various composite materials' excellent adsorption and catalytic properties. Secondly, the factors influencing the removal effect of carbon-based composite photocatalysts are discussed. Thirdly, the removal mechanism of carbon-based composite photocatalysts is summarized in detail. The removal process involves two steps: adsorption and photodegradation. The adsorption process involves multiple cooperative adsorption mechanisms, and photocatalytic degradation includes oxidative and reductive degradation. Fourthly, the comparison of adsorption-photocatalysis with common treatment techniques (including removal rate, range of adaptation, cost, and the possibility of expanding application) is summarized. Finally, the prospects of carbon-based composite photocatalysts for repairing PFASs are given by evaluating the performance of different composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanping Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Beihai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Huilun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Qi Y, Cao H, Pan W, Wang C, Liang Y. The role of dissolved organic matter during Per- and Polyfluorinated Substance (PFAS) adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129139. [PMID: 35605500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the environment and health have recently attracted much attention. This article reviews the influence of soil- and water-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the environmental fate of PFAS. In addition to being co-adsorped with PFAS to increase the adsorption capacity, DOM competes with PFAS for adsorption sites on the surface of the material, thereby reducing the removal rate of PFAS or increasing water solubility, which facilitates desorption of PFAS in the soil. It can quench some active species and inhibit the degradation of PFAS. In contrast, before DOM in water self-degrades, DOM has a greater promoting effect on the degradation of PFAS because DOM can complex with iron, iodine, among others, and act as an electron shuttle to enhance electron transfer. In soil aggregates, DOM can prevent microorganisms from being poisoned by direct exposure to PFAS. In addition, DOM increases the desorption of PFAS in plant root soil, affecting its bioavailability. In general, DOM plays a bidirectional role in adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake of PFAS, which depends on the types and functional groups of DOM. It is necessary to enhance the positive role of DOM in reducing the environmental risks posed by PFAS. In future, attention should be paid to the DOM-induced reduction of PFAS and development of a green and efficient continuous defluorination technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weijie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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22
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Yin S, Villagrán D. Design of nanomaterials for the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water: Strategies, mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154939. [PMID: 35367257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their persistent and pervasive distribution and their adverse effects on human health, the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the environment has been the focus of current research. Recent studies have shown that engineered nanomaterials provide great opportunities for their removal by chemical, physical and electrochemical adsorption methods, or as photo- or electrocatalysts that promote their degradation. This review summarizes and discusses the performance of recently reported nanomaterials towards PFAS removal in water treatment applications. We discuss the performance, mechanisms, and PFAS removal conditions of a variety of nanomaterials, including carbon-based, non-metal, single-metal, and multi-metal nanomaterials. We show that nanotechnology provides significant opportunities for PFAS remediation and further nanomaterial development can provide solutions for the removal of PFAS from the environment. We also provide an overview of the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), USA
| | - Dino Villagrán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), USA.
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Leung SCE, Shukla P, Chen D, Eftekhari E, An H, Zare F, Ghasemi N, Zhang D, Nguyen NT, Li Q. Emerging technologies for PFOS/PFOA degradation and removal: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:153669. [PMID: 35217058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are highly recalcitrant anthropogenic chemicals that are ubiquitously present in the environment and are harmful to humans. Typical water and wastewater treatment processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are proven to be largely ineffective, while adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC) has been the chief option to capture them from aqueous sources followed by incineration. However, this process is time-consuming, and produces additional solid waste and air pollution. Treatment methods for PFOS and PFOA generally follow two routes: (1) removal from source and reduce the risk; (2) degradation. Emerging technologies focusing on degradation are critically reviewed in this contribution. Various processes such as bioremediation, electrocoagulation, foam fractionation, sonolysis, photocatalysis, mechanochemical, electrochemical degradation, beams of electron and plasma have been developed and studied in the past decade to address PFAS crisis. The underlying mechanisms of these PFAS degradation methods have been categorized. Two main challenges have been identified, namely complexity in large scale operation and the release of toxic byproducts. Based on the literature survey, we have provided a strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis and quantitative rating on their efficiency, environmental impact and technology readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Cheung Edgar Leung
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Pradeep Shukla
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dechao Chen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Ehsan Eftekhari
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Golder Associates Pty Ltd, Level 4, 45 Francis Street, Northbridge, Western Australia 6003, Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Firuz Zare
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Garden Point, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Negareh Ghasemi
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dongke Zhang
- Centre for Energy (M473), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Synthesis, Performance Measurement of Bi 2SmSbO 7/ZnBiYO 4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst and Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Orange within Dye Wastewater under Visible Light Irradiation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113986. [PMID: 35683292 PMCID: PMC9182428 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Originally, the new catalyst Bi2SmSbO7 was synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method or by the solid-phase sintering method at a lofty temperature. A solvothermal method was utilized to prepare a Bi2SmSbO7/ZnBiYO4 heterojunction photocatalyst (BZHP). The crystal structure of Bi2SmSbO7 belonged to the pyrochlore structure and face-centered cubic crystal system by the space group of Fd3m. The cell parameter a was equivalent to 10.835(1) Å (Bi2SmSbO7). With Bi2SmSbO7/ZnBiYO4 heterojunction (BZH) as the photocatalyst, the removal rate (RR) of direct orange (DO) and the total organic carbon were 99.10% and 96.21% after visible light irradiation of 160 min (VLI-160M). The kinetic constant k toward DO concentration and visible light irradiation time (VLI) with BZH as photocatalyst reached 2.167 min−1. The kinetic constant k, which was concerned with total organic carbon, reached 0.047 min−1. The kinetic curve that came from DO degradation with BZH as a catalyst under VLI conformed to the second-order reaction kinetics. After VLI-160M, the photocatalytic degradation (PD) removal percentage of DO with BZH as the photocatalyst was 1.200 times, 1.268 times or 3.019 times that with Bi2SmSbO7 as the photocatalyst, ZnBiYO4 as the photocatalyst or with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity (PA) was as following: BZH > Bi2SmSbO7 > ZnBiYO4 > nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide. After VLI-160M for three cycles of experiments with BZH as the photocatalyst, the RR of DO reached 98.03%, 96.73% and 95.43%, respectively, which meant that BZHP possessed high stability. By using the experiment of adding a trapping agent, the oxidative purifying capability for degradation of direct orange, which was in gradual depressed order, was as following: hydroxyl radical > superoxide anion > holes. Finally, the possible degradation pathway and degradation mechanism of DO were discussed systematically. A new high active heterojunction catalyst BZHP, which could efficiently remove toxic organic pollutants such as DO from dye wastewater after VLI, was obtained. Our research was meant to improve the photocatalytic property of the single photocatalyst.
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Qiu X, Wan Z, Pu M, Xu X, Ye Y, Hu C. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Pt-Deposited TiO2 Nanotubes (TNT) for Rhodamine B Degradation. Front Chem 2022; 10:922701. [PMID: 35711961 PMCID: PMC9194477 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.922701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye wastewater has attracted more and more attention because of its high environmental risk. In this study, a novel TiO2 nanotube (TNT) catalyst was prepared and its morphology and structure were characterized. The synthetic catalyst was used to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV light and evaluated for the application performance. According to the characterization results and degradation properties, the optimum synthetic conditions were selected as 400°C calcination temperature and 10 wt% Pt deposition. As a result, the degradation efficacies were sequenced as TNT-400-Pt > TNT-500-Pt > TNT-400 > TNT-300-Pt. In addition, the effect of pH and initial concentration of RhB were explored, and their values were both increased with the decreased degradation efficacy. While the moderate volume of 11 mm of H2O2 addition owned better performance than that of 0, 6, and 15 mm. Scavengers such as tertbutanol (t-BuOH), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-Na2), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) were added during the catalytic process and it proved that superoxide radical anions (O2–•), photogenerated hole (h+) and hydroxyl radical (OH•) were the main active species contributing for RhB removal. For the application, TNT-Pt could deal with almost 100% RhB, Orange G (OG), Methylene blue (MB), and Congo red (CR) within 70 min and still kept more than 50% RhB removal in the fifth recycling use. Therefore, TNT-Pt synthesized in this study is potential to be applied to the dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Qiu
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenning Wan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Pu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuru Xu
- School of Agricultural and Biological Technology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuru Xu, ; Chunhua Hu,
| | - Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuru Xu, ; Chunhua Hu,
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Liu X, Duan X, Bao T, Hao D, Chen Z, Wei W, Wang D, Wang S, Ni BJ. High-performance photocatalytic decomposition of PFOA by BiOX/TiO 2 heterojunctions: Self-induced inner electric fields and band alignment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128195. [PMID: 35180518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BiOX (X = Cl, Br and I) and BiOX/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach. The BiOX/TiO2 heterojunctions demonstrated significantly enhanced efficiency for photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with sole BiOX or TiO2. PFOA (10 mg L1) was completely degraded by BiOCl(Br)/TiO2 in 8 h. Moreover, BiOCl/TiO2 attained deep decomposition of PFOA with a high defluorination ratio of 82%. The p-n heterojunctions between BiOX and TiO2 were confirmed by a series of characterizations. The photo-induced holes would migrate from the valance band (VB) of TiO2 to BiOX, driven by the built-in electric field (BIEF) near the interfaces of p-n heterojunctions, the inner electric fields (IEF) in BiOX and the higher VB position of BiOX. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM characterizations indicated that TiO2 combined with BiOX along the [110] facet, which facilitated photo-induced electron transfer in the [001] direction, thus benefiting PFOA decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Teng Bao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Derek Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Translocation, bioaccumulation, and distribution of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in plants. iScience 2022; 25:104061. [PMID: 35345465 PMCID: PMC8957016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent in the environment and have been detected in a variety of plants such as vegetables, cereals, and fruits. Increasing evidence shows that plants are at a risk of being adversely affected by PFASs. This review concludes that PFASs are predominantly absorbed by roots from sources in the soil; besides, the review also discusses several factors such as soil properties and the species of PFASs and plants. In addition, following uptake by root, long-chain PFASs (C ≥ 7 for PFCA and C ≥ 6 for PFSA) were preferentially retained within the root, whereas the short-chain PFASs were distributed across tissues above the ground — according to the studies. The bioaccumulation potential of PFASs within various plant structures are further expressed by calculating bioaccumulation factor (BAF) across various plant species. The results show that PFASs have a wide range of BAF values within root tissue, followed by straw, and then grain. Furthermore, owing to its high water solubility than other PFASs, PFOA is the predominant compound accumulated in both the soil itself and within the plant tissues. Among different plant groups, the potential BAF values rank from highest to lowest as follows: leaf vegetables > root vegetables > flower vegetables > shoot vegetables. Several PFAS groups such as PFOA, PFBA, and PFOS, may have an increased public health risk based on the daily intake rate (ID). Finally, future research is suggested on the possible PFASs degradation occurring in plant tissues and the explanations at genetic-level for the metabolite changes that occur under PFASs stress. Long-chain PFASs are preferentially retained in the roots BAF values were ranked as root > straw > grain in one plant PFOA is the main compound in soil and within plant tissues PFOA, PFBA, and PFOS have a potential risk to humans through dietary exposure
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McIntyre H, Minda V, Hawley E, Deeb R, Hart M. Coupled photocatalytic alkaline media as a destructive technology for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous film-forming foam impacted stormwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132790. [PMID: 34748800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) from fuel fire events, fire training events, and other activities has resulted in the presence of persistent and recalcitrant per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and water nationwide. This study describes the degradation and defluorination of PFAS in stormwater collected from an AFFF-impacted site. Silica-based granular media (SGM) containing titanium dioxide was packed into a column reactor and placed between ultraviolet (UV) lamps to excite the photocatalyst within the SGM and generate free radicals to degrade PFAS present in water that was passed through the media. The system was amended with nucleophiles (hydroxyls) to facilitate the destruction of PFAS. Results showed rapid degradation of 17 identified PFAS, including perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) precursors, perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Significant defluorination was observed, indicating PFAS destruction as a result of the coupled photocatalytic and nucleophilic attack. Column reactor experiment findings indicate SGM in the presence of UV light passively degraded a mixture of PFAS in a concentrated waste stream at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McIntyre
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill Rd, 352 Flarsheim Hall, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Vidit Minda
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Hawley
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., 1111 Broadway, 6th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94607, USA.
| | - Rula Deeb
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., 1111 Broadway, 6th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94607, USA.
| | - Megan Hart
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill Rd, 352 Flarsheim Hall, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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29
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Birch QT, Birch ME, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. Nano-enhanced treatment of per-fluorinated and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Gao Z, Zhou J, Xue M, Liu S, Guo J, Zhang Y, Cao C, Wang T, Zhu L. Theoretical and experimental insights into the mechanisms of C6/C6 PFPiA degradation by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127522. [PMID: 34879517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging alternative legacy perfluoroalkyl substance, C6/C6 PFPiA (perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids) has been detected in aquatic environments and causes potential risks to human health. The degradation mechanisms of C6/C6 PFPiA in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system were explored using validated experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Approximately 94.5% of C6/C6 PFPiA was degraded by plasma treatment within 15 min at 18 kV. A relatively higher discharge voltage and alkaline conditions favored its degradation. C6/C6 PFPiA degradation was attributed to attacks of •OH, •O2-, and 1O2. Besides PFHxPA and C2 -C6 shorter-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, several other major intermediates including C4/C6 PFPiA, C4/C4 PFPiA, and C3/C3 PFPiA were identified. According to DFT calculations, the potential energy surface was proposed for possible reactions during C6/C6 PFPiA degradation in the discharge plasma system. Integrating the identified intermediates and DFT results, C6/C6 PFPiA degradation was deduced to occur by stepwise losing CF2, free radical polymerization, and C-C bond cleavage. Furthermore, the DBD plasma treatment process decreased the toxicity of C6/C6 PFPiA to some extent. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of C6/C6 PFPiA degradation by plasma advanced oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mingming Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Siqian Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Chunshuai Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Yamijala SSRKC, Shinde R, Hanasaki K, Ali ZA, Wong BM. Photo-induced degradation of PFASs: Excited-state mechanisms from real-time time-dependent density functional theory. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127026. [PMID: 34481387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are hazardous, carcinogenic, and bioaccumulative contaminants found in drinking water sources. To mitigate and remove these persistent pollutants, recent experimental efforts have focused on photo-induced processes to accelerate their degradation; however, the mechanistic details of these promising degradation processes remain unclear. To shed crucial insight on these electronic-excited state processes, we present the first study of photo-induced degradation of explicitly-solvated PFASs using excited-state, real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) calculations. Furthermore, our large-scale RT-TDDFT calculations show that these photo-induced excitations can be highly selective by enabling a charge-transfer process that only dissociates the CF bond while keeping the surrounding water molecules intact. Collectively, the RT-TDDFT techniques used in this work (1) enable a new capability for probing photo-induced mechanisms that cannot be gleaned from conventional ground-state DFT calculations and (2) provide a rationale for understanding ongoing experiments that are actively exploring photo-induced degradation of PFASs and other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma S R K C Yamijala
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ravindra Shinde
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kota Hanasaki
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zulfikhar A Ali
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Pan C, Zhu F, Wu M, Jiang L, Zhao X, Yang M. Degradation and toxicity of the antidepressant fluoxetine in an aqueous system by UV irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132434. [PMID: 34606890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLU), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is commonly found in aquatic environments. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis is widely used to remove certain pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of FLU and its transformed products formed during UV photolysis by using zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) as a model. The degradation rates of FLU for five days were approximately 63.6% ± 2.14%, 84.6% ± 0.99%, and 97.5% ± 0.25% after 15, 30, and 60 min of UV irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was explored using LC-MS measurements and density flooding theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. Comprehensive toxicity preassessment of FLU and its degradation products was carried out using the T.E.S.T. software. The effects of physiological and biochemical parameters and neuron- and apoptosis-related gene expression were examined in zebrafish embryos exposed to non-irradiated (0-min) and irradiated (15, 30- and 60-min) solutions from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. The hatching time of zebrafish embryos exposed to the non-irradiated solution (0-min) and irradiated solution (60-min) was delayed, their heart rate at 48 and 72 hpf increased, and their body length at 120 hpf decreased. Significant differences were found between the non-irradiated (0-min) and UV-irradiated (15- or 30-min) groups. A dynamic response involving acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also observed in the non-irradiated and UV-irradiated groups. During the UV treatment experiments, the expression levels of neuron-related and apoptosis-related genes were significantly reduced over time alongside the formation of FLU degradation products. Overall, this study provides new concepts to remove and assess the toxicity of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments and highlights the need to consider the formation and persistence of toxic transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lihui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Navidpour AH, Hosseinzadeh A, Zhou JL, Huang Z. Progress in the application of surface engineering methods in immobilizing TiO 2 and ZnO coatings for environmental photocatalysis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1983066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Navidpour
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Hosseinzadeh
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - John L. Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhenguo Huang
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Zhang H, Zheng Y, Wang XC, Wang Y, Dzakpasu M. Characterization and biogeochemical implications of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113041. [PMID: 34126535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is viewed as one of the most chemically active organic substances on earth. It plays vital roles in the fate, bioavailability and toxicity of aquatic exogenous chemical species (e.g., heavy metals, organic pollutants, and nanomaterials). The characteristics of DOM such low concentrations, salt interference and complexity in aquatic environments and limitations of pretreatment for sample preparation and application of characterization techniques severely limit understanding of its nature and environmental roles. This review provides a characterization continuum of aquatic DOM, and demonstrate its biogeochemical implications, enabling in-depth insight into its nature and environmental roles. A synthesis of the effective DOM pretreatment strategies, comprising extraction and fractionation methods, and characterization techniques is presented. Additionally, the biogeochemical dynamics of aquatic DOM and its environmental implications are discussed. The findings indicate the collection of representative DOM samples from water as the first and critical step for characterizing its properties, dynamics, and environmental implications. However, various pretreatment procedures may alter DOM composition and structure, producing highly variable recoveries and even influencing its subsequent characterization. Therefore, complimentary use of various characterization techniques is highly recommended to obtain as much information on DOM as possible, as each characterization technique exhibits various advantages and limitations. Moreover, DOM could markedly change the physical and chemical properties of exogenous chemical species, influencing their transformation and mobility, and finally altering their potential bioavailability and toxicity. Several research gaps to be addressed include the impact of pretreatment on the composition and structure of aquatic DOM, molecular-level structural elucidation for DOM, and assessment of the effects of DOM dynamics on the fate, bioavailability and toxicity of exogenous chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PFAS substances, which have been under investigation in recent years, are certainly some of the most critical emerging contaminants. Their presence in drinking water, correlated with diseases, is consistently being confirmed by scientific studies in the academic and health sectors. With the aim of developing new technologies to mitigate the water contamination problem, research activity based on advanced oxidation processes for PFAS dealkylation and subsequent mineralization is active. While UV radiation could be directly employed for decontamination, there are nevertheless considerable problems regarding its use, even from a large-scale perspective. In contrast, the use of cheap, robust, and green photocatalytic materials active under near UV-visible radiation shows interesting prospects. In this paper we take stock of the health problems related to PFAS, and then provide an update on strategies based on the use of photocatalysts and the latest findings regarding reaction mechanisms. Finally, we detail some brief considerations in relation to the economic aspects of possible solutions.
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Wang L, Xu H, Jiang N, Pang S, Jiang J, Zhang T. Effective activation of peroxymonosulfate with natural manganese-containing minerals through a nonradical pathway and the application for the removal of bisphenols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126152. [PMID: 34229411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic manganese oxides had been widely investigated to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for contaminant removal in recent years. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., radicals) was believed to be the primary PMS activation pathways. In this work, we report that natural manganese-containing minerals (NMMs) were also effective for PMS activation to degrade bisphenols in water. Moreover, a nonradical pathway different from literatures, was confirmed according to scavenging tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization, chemical probing, solvent exchange, and Raman and electrochemical analysis. It was verified that PMS complexed with the mineral surface via inner-sphere interaction. This surface interaction improved its reactivity towards the probe compounds, bisphenols. Taking bisphenol AF (BPAF) as an example, its degradation rate was related to surface area and dosages of the mineral. Water constituents such as Cl-, HCO3-, and NOM had negligible impact on BPAF removal. The activity of the mineral was kept in an 80-hour continuous flow test. The PMS/NMM coupled oxidation degraded BPAF through direct electron transfer, and the degradation intermediates further underwent hydroxylation, bond cleavage, H-atom substitution, aromatic ring-opening, and decarboxylation. Consequently, eco-toxicity of BPAF can be reduced during the oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haodan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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37
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Bell EM, De Guise S, McCutcheon JR, Lei Y, Levin M, Li B, Rusling JF, Lawrence DA, Cavallari JM, O'Connell C, Javidi B, Wang X, Ryu H. Exposure, health effects, sensing, and remediation of the emerging PFAS contaminants - Scientific challenges and potential research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146399. [PMID: 33770593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a large group of persistent anthropogenic chemicals which are difficult to degrade and/or destroy. PFAS are an emerging class of contaminants, but little is known about the long-term health effects related to exposure. In addition, technologies to identify levels of contamination in the environment and to remediate contaminated sites are currently inadequate. In this opinion-type discussion paper, a team of researchers from the University of Connecticut and the University at Albany discuss the scientific challenges in their specific but intertwined PFAS research areas, including rapid and low-cost detection, energy-saving remediation, the role of T helper cells in immunotoxicity, and the biochemical and molecular effects of PFAS among community residents with measurable PFAS concentrations. Potential research directions that may be employed to address those challenges and improve the understanding of sensing, remediation, exposure to, and health effects of PFAS are then presented. We hope our account of emerging problems related to PFAS contamination will encourage a broad range of scientific experts to bring these research initiatives addressing PFAS into play on a national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jeffrey R McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Baikun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Connell
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bethany Javidi
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Heejeong Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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38
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Uwayezu JN, Carabante I, Lejon T, van Hees P, Karlsson P, Hollman P, Kumpiene J. Electrochemical degradation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances using boron-doped diamond electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112573. [PMID: 33873022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical degradation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes has been proven to be a promising technique for the treatment of water contaminated with per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Various studies have demonstrated that the extent of PFAS degradation is influenced by the composition of samples and electrochemical conditions. This study evaluated the significance of several factors, such as the current density, initial concentration of PFAS, concentration of electrolyte, treatment time, and their interactions on the degradation of PFAS. A 24 factorial design was applied to determine the effects of the investigated factors on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and generation of fluoride in spiked water. The best-performing conditions were then applied to the degradation of PFAS in wastewater samples. The results revealed that current density and time were the most important factors for PFOA degradation. In contrast, a high initial concentration of electrolyte had no significant impact on the degradation of PFOA, whereas it decreased the generation of F-. The experimental design model indicated that the treatment of spiked water under a current density higher than 14 mA cm-2 for 3-4 h could degrade PFOA with an efficiency of up to 100% and generate an F- fraction of approximately 40-50%. The observed high PFOA degradation and a low concentration of PFAS degradation products indicated that the mineralization of PFOA was effective. Under the obtained best conditions, the degradation of PFOA in wastewater samples was 44-70%. The degradation efficiency for other PFAS in these samples was 65-80% for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and 42-52% for 6-2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6-2 FTSA). The presence of high total organic carbon (TOC) and chloride contents was found to be an important factor affecting the efficiency of PFAS electrochemical degradation in wastewater samples. The current study indicates that the tested method can effectively degrade PFAS in both water and wastewater and suggests that increasing the treatment time is needed to account for the presence of other oxidizable matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Noel Uwayezu
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Ivan Carabante
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Tore Lejon
- UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jurate Kumpiene
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Xu B, Liu S, Zhou JL, Zheng C, Weifeng J, Chen B, Zhang T, Qiu W. PFAS and their substitutes in groundwater: Occurrence, transformation and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125159. [PMID: 33951855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly investigated due to their global occurrence and potential human health risk. The ban on PFOA and PFOS has led to the use of novel substitutes such as GenX, F-53B and OBS. This paper reviews the studies on the occurrence, transformation and remediation of major PFAS i.e. PFOA, PFNA, PFBA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS and the three substitutes in groundwater. The data indicated that PFOA, PFBA, PFOS and PFBS were present at high concentrations up to 21,200 ng L-1 while GenX and F-53B were found up to 30,000 ng L-1 and 0.18-0.59 ng L-1, respectively. PFAS in groundwater are from direct sources e.g. surface water and soil. PFAS remediation methods based on membrane, redox, sorption, electrochemical and photocatalysis are analyzed. Overall, photocatalysis is considered to be an ideal technology with low cost and high degradation efficacy for PFAS removal. Photocatalysis could be combined with electrochemical or membrane filtration to become more advantageous. GenX, F-53B and OBS in groundwater treatment by UV/sulfite system and electrochemical oxidation proved effective. The review identified gaps such as the immobilization and recycling of materials in groundwater treatment, and recommended visible light photocatalysis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Weifeng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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40
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Shahabi Nejad M, Soltani Nejad H, Arabnejad S, Sheibani H. Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid using functionalized imidazolium iodide ionic
liquid‐based
poly (glycidyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saeid Arabnejad
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
- Research and Development R&D of Dandehkar Company Kerman Iran
| | - Hassan Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran
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41
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Plesco I, Ciobanu V, Braniste T, Ursaki V, Rasch F, Sarua A, Raevschi S, Adelung R, Dutta J, Tiginyanu I. Highly Porous and Ultra-Lightweight Aero-Ga 2O 3: Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity by Noble Metals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1985. [PMID: 33921020 PMCID: PMC8071440 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new type of photocatalyst is proposed on the basis of aero-β-Ga2O3, which is a material constructed from a network of interconnected tetrapods with arms in the form of microtubes with nanometric walls. The aero-Ga2O3 material is obtained by annealing of aero-GaN fabricated by epitaxial growth on ZnO microtetrapods. The hybrid structures composed of aero-Ga2O3 functionalized with Au or Pt nanodots were tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under UV or visible light illumination. The functionalization of aero-Ga2O3 with noble metals results in the enhancement of the photocatalytic performances of bare material, reaching the performances inherent to ZnO while gaining the advantage of the increased chemical stability. The mechanisms of enhancement of the photocatalytic properties by activating aero-Ga2O3 with noble metals are discussed to elucidate their potential for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Plesco
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.C.); (T.B.); (V.U.)
| | - Vladimir Ciobanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.C.); (T.B.); (V.U.)
| | - Tudor Braniste
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.C.); (T.B.); (V.U.)
| | - Veaceslav Ursaki
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.C.); (T.B.); (V.U.)
| | - Florian Rasch
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany; (F.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Andrei Sarua
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK;
| | - Simion Raevschi
- Department of Physics and Engineering, State University of Moldova, Alexei Mateevici Str. 60, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany; (F.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials Group, Applied Physics Department, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ion Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 168, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (V.C.); (T.B.); (V.U.)
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare Av. 1, MD-2001 Chisinau, Moldova
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42
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Sima MW, Jaffé PR. A critical review of modeling Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the soil-water environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143793. [PMID: 33303199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their health effects and the recalcitrant nature of their CF bonds, Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are widely investigated for their distribution, remediation, and toxicology in ecosystems. However, very few studies have focused on modeling PFAS in the soil-water environment. In this review, we summarized the recent development in PFAS modeling for various chemical, physical, and biological processes, including sorption, volatilization, degradation, bioaccumulation, and transport. PFAS sorption is kinetic in nature with sorption equilibrium commonly quantified by either a linear, the Freundlich, or the Langmuir isotherms. Volatilization of PFAS depends on carbon chain length and ionization status and has been simulated by a two-layer diffusion process across the air water interface. First-order kinetics is commonly used for physical, chemical, and biological degradation processes. Uptake by plants and other biota can be passive and/or active. As surfactants, PFAS have a tendency to be sorbed or concentrated on air-water or non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)-water interfaces, where the same three isotherms for soil sorption are adopted. PFAS transport in the soil-water environment is simulated by solving the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) that is coupled to PFAS sorption, phase transfer, as well as physical, chemical, and biological transformations. As the physicochemical properties and concentration vary greatly among the potentially thousands of PFAS species in the environment, systematic efforts are needed to identify models and model parameters to simulate their fate, transport, and response to remediation techniques. Since many process formulations are empirical in nature, mechanistic approaches are needed to further the understanding of PFAS-soil-water-plant interactions so that the model parameters are less site dependent and more predictive in simulating PFAS remediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Sima
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Peter R Jaffé
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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43
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Photocatalytic Porous Silica-Based Granular Media for Organic Pollutant Degradation in Industrial Waste-Streams. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic treatment of organic contaminants in industrial wastewaters has gained interest due to their potential for effective degradation. However, photocatalytic slurry reactors are hindered by solution turbidity, dissolved salt content, and absorbance of light. Research presented here introduces the development and application of a novel, photocatalytic, porous silica-based granular media (SGM). SGM retains the cross-linked structure developed during synthesis through a combination of foaming agent addition and activation temperature. The resultant media has a high porosity of 88%, with a specific surface area of ~150 m2/gram. Photocatalytic capabilities are further enhanced as the resultant structure fixes the photocatalyst within the translucent matrix. SGM is capable of photocatalysis combined with diffusion of nucleophiles, electrophiles, and salts from pore space. The photocatalytic efficiencies of SGM at various silica contents were quantified in batch reactors using methylene blue destruction over time and cycles. Methylene blue concentrations of 10 mg/L were effectively degraded (>90%) within 40 min. This effectiveness was retained over multiple cycles and various methylene blue concentrations. SGM is a passive and cost-effective granular treatment system technology which can translate to other organic contaminants and industrial processes.
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44
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Altarawneh M. A chemical kinetic model for the decomposition of perfluorinated sulfonic acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128256. [PMID: 33297201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated sulfonic acids (such as perfluorooctanesulfonic, PFOS, and short-chain analogues) are notorious halogenated pollutants that exhibit severe toxicity, even at minute levels. Limited number of experimental studies addressed their thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures. Such scenarios are particularly relevant to open fires and incineration of materials laden with perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs). Herein, we construct a detail kinetic model that illustrates major chemical reactions underpinning initial degradation of 1-butanesulfonic acid (CF3(CF2)3SO2OH), as a model compound of PFOS, and perfluorinated sulfonic acids in general. Reaction rate parameters were estimated based on an accurate density functional theory (DFT) formalism. The kinetic model incorporates four sets of reactions, namely, unimolecular decomposition channels, hydrofluorination, hydrolysis, and fragmentation of the alkyl chain. Results are discussed considering recent experimental measurements. Temperature-dependent profiles for a large array of perfluoroalkyl acyl fluorides, short perfluorinated cuts, and perfluorinated cyclic compounds, are presented. SO2 emerges as the main sulfur carrier, with a minor contribution from SO3. HF addition to double carbon bonds in alkenes, and to carbonyl bonds in aldehydic structures signifies a major sink pathway for hydrogen fluoride. Addition of moisture was shown to expedite the destruction of relatively large perfluoroalkyl acyl fluorides into C1 species. Construction of this model could aid in a better understanding of the fate and chemical transformation of PFCs under a pyrolytic environment pertinent to waste incineration and fluorine mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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45
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Ahmed MB, Johir MAH, McLaughlan R, Nguyen LN, Xu B, Nghiem LD. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil and sediments: Occurrence, fate, remediation and future outlook. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141251. [PMID: 32805564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are contaminants of great concern due to their wide-spread occurrence and persistence in the environments (i.e., in water, soil and sediment) and potential toxicology even at very low concentration. The main focus of this review is on the PFASs in soil and sediments. More specifically, this review systematically examines the occurrence and toxicological effects with associated risks, fate (i.e., PFASs adsorption by soil and sediment, transportation and transformation, and bioaccumulation), and remediation practices of PFASs in soil and sediment. Various models and equations such as fugacity-based multimedia fate and hydrodynamic models are used to study the fate, transport, and transformation of PFASs. Among different remediation practices, sorption is the dominant process for the removal of PFASs from soil and sediments. Results also indicate that PFASs adsorption onto activated carbon decrease with the increase of carbon chain length in the PFASs. The longer-chain PFASs have larger partition coefficient values than shorter-chained PFASs. Sorption of PFASs to soil and sediments are mainly governed by different electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds formation, hydrophobic interactions, organic content in soil and sediments, and ligand exchange. Other technology such as thermal treatment might be potential in the removal of PAFSs, but need further study to elucidate a conclusion. Finally, the associated challenges and future outlook have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Ahmed
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Johir
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Robert McLaughlan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luong N Nguyen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bentuo Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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46
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Cao H, Zhang W, Wang C, Liang Y. Sonochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances - A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105245. [PMID: 32702636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have received considerable attention from environmental scientists and engineers because of their stability and widespread. Sonochemical process has been widely used in the environmental field to remove pollutants due to its advantages in terms of operational simplicity, no secondary pollutant formation and safety. Currently, many studies have reported sonochemical degradation of various PFAS in laboratory settings and showed excellent removal potential. This article reviewed the effects of different power densities, ultrasonic frequencies, temperatures, atmosphere conditions, additives, and initial concentration and chemical properties of PFAS on the sonochemical degradation of PFAS. Sonochemical methods combined with conventional techniques for PFAS removal were elaborated as well. Additionally, this article discussed the challenges and prospects of using sonochemical approaches for PFAS remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Weilan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Cuiping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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47
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Song H, Wang Y, Ling Z, Zu D, Li Z, Shen Y, Li C. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by Ti 3C 2 MXene-derived heterojunction photocatalyst: Application of intercalation strategy in DESs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141009. [PMID: 32758985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In-situ construction of heterojunction photocatalyst on two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2 MXene substrate has been proved to be a feasible method to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. However, the limited interlayer spacing of 2D Ti3C2 hinders the in-situ growth of TiO2 photocatalyst. Herein, the intercalation strategy was developed in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) method to achieve interlayer expansion of Ti3C2 and improve Ti3C2-derived photocatalyst performance. Because of the intercalation of choline cations, the DESs method synthesized Ti3C2 (Ti3C2-DES) had the larger c-lattice parameter than that of traditional HF method synthesized Ti3C2 (Ti3C2-HF). The interlayer space of Ti3C2-DES could be intercalated with more water molecule for oxidization of the Ti atoms, which remarkably promoted the in-situ growth of TiO2 crystals. The formed heterojunction between (001) and (101) facets enhanced carriers separation. The Ti3C2 substrate with excellent conductivity further promoted carriers transfer. As a result, Ti3C2/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited superior perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal performance (almost 100% removal efficiency and 49% defluorination efficiency within 16 h) compared with the traditional Ti3C2-HF/TiO2 (22% removal efficiency and 12% defluorination efficiency within 16 h). This study provides a feasible strategy for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of PFOA by Ti3C2 MXene-derived heterojunction photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Song
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Zheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Daoyuan Zu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yongming Shen
- Institute of Environmental & Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Changping Li
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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48
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Olatunde OC, Kuvarega AT, Onwudiwe DC. Photo enhanced degradation of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05614. [PMID: 33305052 PMCID: PMC7718166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the presence of highly recalcitrant poly- and per- fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, plant tissues and animals continues to pose serious health concerns. Several treatment methods such as physical, biological and chemical processes have been explored to deal with these compounds. Current trends have shown that the destructive treatment processes, which offer degradation and mineralization of PFASs, are the most desirable process among researchers and policy makers. This article, therefore, reviews the degradation and defluorination processes, their efficiencies and the degradation mechanism of photon-based processes. It shows that high degradation and defluorination efficiency of PFASs could be achieved by photon driven processes such as photolysis, photochemical, photocatalysis and photoreduction. The efficiency of these processes is greatly influenced by the nature of light and the reactive radical generated in the system. The limitation of these processes, however, include the long reaction time required and the use of anoxic reaction conditions, which are not obtainable at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan C. Olatunde
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Alex T. Kuvarega
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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49
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Song B, Chen M, Zeng G, Gong J, Shen M, Xiong W, Zhou C, Tang X, Yang Y, Wang W. Using graphdiyne (GDY) as a catalyst support for enhanced performance in organic pollutant degradation and hydrogen production: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122957. [PMID: 32474321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbon materials brings a new two-dimensional catalyst support, graphdiyne (GDY), which is attracting increasing interest in the field of catalysis. This article presents a systematical review of recent studies about the characteristics, design strategies, and applications of GDY-supported catalysts. The sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon, high electrical conductivity, direct band gap, and high intrinsic carrier mobility are key characteristics for GDY to serve as a competitive catalyst support. Hydrothermal method (or solvothermal method), GDY in-situ growth, and electrochemical deposition are commonly used to load catalysts on GDY support. In the applications of GDY-supported photocatalysts, GDY mainly serves as an electron or hole transfer material. For the electrocatalytic hydrogen production, the unique electronic structure and high electrical conductivity of GDY can promote the electron transfer and water splitting kinetics. This review is expected to provide meaningful insight and guidance for the design of GDY-supported catalysts and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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50
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Chen Z, Ren G, Ma X, Ding Y, Hui Y, Qin P, Xu Z, Gu X, Yuan F, Liu Y. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland, Tianjin, China: occurrence, distribution characteristics, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38580-38590. [PMID: 32623677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface waters of the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland were systematically investigated. Twenty-three PFASs were analyzed from 7 representative sampling zones. The obtained results indicated that PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS, PFOS, and HFPO-DA were frequently detected; and PFBA, PFOA, and PFOS were the dominant PFASs with the relative abundances in ranges of 26.91 to 52.26%, 11.79 to 28.79%, and 0 to 31.98%, respectively. The total concentrations of 8 PFASs (Σ8PFASs) ranged from 25.9 to 56.6 ng/L, and the highest concentration was observed in subsurface flow wetland. Moreover, HFPO-DA with high toxicity was detected in wetlands for the first time. Based on the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) analysis, three sources and their contributions were fluoropolymer processing aids (67.6%), fluororesin coatings and metal plating (17.9%), and food packaging materials and atmospheric precipitation (14.5%), respectively. According to the risk quotients (RQs), the ecological risk of 8 PFASs was low to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ye Ding
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yunmin Hui
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Pingping Qin
- Tianjin Environmental Protection Technical Development Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhuoqi Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiujun Gu
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yanhai Liu
- Tianjin Lingang Construction Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
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