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Guo D, Wang X, Fu Q, Li L, Li R, Xu X, An X. Integrated tea polyphenols and polydopamine functionalized graphene anode for improved bioelectricity generation and Cr(VI) reduction in microbial fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142858. [PMID: 39019194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the dual advantage of mitigating Cr(Ⅵ) wastewater ecological threats while generating electricity. However, the low electron transfer efficiency and the limited enrichment of active electrogens are barriers to MFCs advancement. This study describes the synthesis of the TP-PDA-RGO@CC negative electrode using tea polyphenol as a reducing agent and polydopamine-doped graphene, significantly enhances the roughness and hydrophilicity of the anode. The charge transfer resistance was reduced by 94%, and the peak MFC power was 1375.80 mW m-2. Under acidic conditions, the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction rate reached 92% within 24 h, with a 52% increase in coulombic efficiency. Biodiversity analysis shows that the TP-PDA-RGO@CC anode could enrich electrogens, thereby boosting the electron generation mechanism at the anode and enhancing the reduction efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) in the cathode chamber. This work emphasizes high-performance anode materials for efficient pollutant removal, energy conversion, and biomass reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Qikai Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Runze Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Xiongfang An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Gong S, Haick H, Cheng W, Wang Y. Tailor-Made Gold Nanomaterials for Applications in Soft Bioelectronics and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405046. [PMID: 39022844 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In modern nanoscience and nanotechnology, gold nanomaterials are indispensable building blocks that have demonstrated a plethora of applications in catalysis, biology, bioelectronics, and optoelectronics. Gold nanomaterials possess many appealing material properties, such as facile control over their size/shape and surface functionality, intrinsic chemical inertness yet with high biocompatibility, adjustable localized surface plasmon resonances, tunable conductivity, wide electrochemical window, etc. Such material attributes have been recently utilized for designing and fabricating soft bioelectronics and optoelectronics. This motivates to give a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. The discussion of representative tailor-made gold nanomaterials, including gold nanocrystals, ultrathin gold nanowires, vertically aligned gold nanowires, hard template-assisted gold nanowires/gold nanotubes, bimetallic/trimetallic gold nanowires, gold nanomeshes, and gold nanosheets, is begun. This is followed by the description of various fabrication methodologies for state-of-the-art applications such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological devices, energy-storage devices, energy-harvesting devices, optoelectronics, and others. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Health and Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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3
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Shaheen S, Saeed Z, Ahmad A, Pervaiz M, Younas U, Mahmood Khan RR, Luque R, Rajendran S. Green synthesis of graphene-based metal nanocomposite for electro and photocatalytic activity; recent advancement and future prospective. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136982. [PMID: 36309056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pollutants in waste water is a demanding problem for human health. Investigations have been allocated to study the adsorptive behavior of graphene-based materials to remove pollutants from wastewater. Graphene (GO) due to its hydrophilicity, high surface area, and oxygenated functional groups, is an effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from water. The disclosure of green synthesis opened the gateway for the economic productive methods. This article reveals the fabrication of graphene-based composite from aloe vera extract using a green method. The proposed mechanism of GO reduction via plant extract has also been mentioned in this work. The mechanism associated with the removal of dyes and heavy metals by graphene-based adsorbents and absorptive capacities of heavy metals has been discussed in detail. The toxicity of heavy metals has also been mentioned here. The Polyaromatic resonating system of GO develops significant π-π interactions with dyes whose base form comprises principally oxygenated functional groups. This review article illustrates a literature survey by classifying graphene-based composite with a global market value from 2010 to 2025 and also depicts a comparative study between green and chemical reduction methods. It presents state of art for the fabrication of GO with novel adsorbents such as metal, polymer, metal oxide and elastomers-based nanocomposites for the removal of pollutants. The current progress in the applications of graphene-based composites in antimicrobial, anticancer, drug delivery, and removal of dyes with photocatalytic efficacy of 73% is explored in this work. It gives a coherent overview of the green synthesis of graphene-based composite, various prospective for the fabrication of graphene, and their biotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumila Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departmento de Quimica Organicia, Universitidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV-A ,km 396, E14104, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Muhammad Pervaiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Umer Younas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafael Luque
- Departmento de Quimica Organicia, Universitidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV-A ,km 396, E14104, Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
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Vempathy A, Kumar A, Pandit S, Gupta M, Mathuriya AS, Lahiri D, Nag M, Kumar Y, Joshi S, Kumar N. Evaluation of the Datura peels derived biochar-based Anode for enhancing power output in microbial fuel cell application. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Gupta M, Savla N, Pandit C, Pandit S, Gupta PK, Pant M, Khilari S, Kumar Y, Agarwal D, Nair RR, Thomas D, Thakur VK. Use of biomass-derived biochar in wastewater treatment and power production: A promising solution for a sustainable environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153892. [PMID: 35181360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we are witnessing the advent of a revolutionary bioengineering technology in biochar production and its application in waste treatment and an important component in power generation devices. Biochar is a solid product, highly rich in carbon, whose adsorption properties are ideal for wastewater decontamination. Due to its high specific surface area to volume ratio, it can be utilized for many environmental applications. It has diverse applications in various fields. This review focuses on its various applications in wastewater treatment to remove various pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, organic compounds, and pesticides. This review also highlights several energy-based applications in batteries, supercapacitors, and microbial fuel cells. It described information about the different feedstock materials to produce LB-derived biochar, the various conditions for the production process, i.e., pyrolysis and the modification methods of biochar for improving properties required for wastewater treatment. The present review helps the readers understand the importance of biochar in wastewater treatment and its application in power generation in terms of batteries, supercapacitors, microbial fuel cells, applications in fuel production, pollutant and dye removal, particularly the latest development on using LB-derived biochar. This review also highlights the economic and environmental sustainability along with the commercialization of biochar plants. It also describes various pyrolytic reactors utilized for biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Gupta
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nishit Savla
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Chetan Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Manu Pant
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Santimoy Khilari
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, C.G, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Daksh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Remya R Nair
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Dessy Thomas
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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6
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Xu Q, Lin X, Gan L, Owens G, Chen Z. Green reduction of graphene oxide using Bacillus sphaericus. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:881-887. [PMID: 34371431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While chemical methods are often used to convert graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), chemical reduction is often environmentally unfriendly due to the high toxicity of many chemical reducing agents. To address this limitation, Bacillus sphaericus was used here for the green reduction of GO to RGO. Successful reduction was confirmed by various advanced characterization techniques including Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). With a new peak attributable to RGO at 261 nm appearing in UV-vis and XRD spectra of the reduced product also developed a new peak at 2θ = 24.6° characteristic of RGO. Successful reduction was also supported by Raman spectroscopy which showed that the ratio of the intensity band (D band: G band) increased from 0.99 to 1.17. FTIR and XPS both confirmed that specific OH (3399 cm-1), CO (1734 cm-1) and COC (287 eV) bonds were reduced. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) showed that the produced RGO exhibited good conductivity (changed from 0.8 to 1.1 mW·cm-2). This work developed a green and easy operated method of synthesizing RGO using microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian Province, China.
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7
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Gao X, Qiu S, Lin Z, Xie X, Yin W, Lu X. Carbon-Based Composites as Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells: Recent Advances and Challenges. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1322-1341. [PMID: 34363342 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the low price, chemical stability and good conductivity, carbon-based materials have been extensively applied as the anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this review, apart from the charge storage mechanism and anode requirements, the major work focuses on five categories of carbon-based anode materials (traditional carbon, porous carbon, nano-carbon, metal/carbon composite and polymer/carbon composite). The relationship is demonstrated in depth between the physicochemical properties of the anode surface/interface/bulk (porosity, surface area, hydrophilicity, partical size, charge, roughness, etc.) and the bioelectrochemical performances (electron transfer, electrolyte diffusion, capacitance, toxicity, start-up time, current, power density, voltage, etc.). An outlook for future work is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials &, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, P. R. China.,MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chem &, Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Qiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials &, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, P. R. China
| | - Ziting Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials &, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjuan Xie
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials &, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science, Engineering Technology Development Center of Advanced Materials &, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction, in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, P. R. China
| | - Xihong Lu
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chem &, Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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8
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Li Z, Zhang P, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Yu Y, Feng Y. Biosynthetic FeS/BC hybrid particles enhanced the electroactive bacteria enrichment in microbial electrochemical systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143142. [PMID: 33168253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the surface of an anode can improve electroactive bacteria (EAB) enrichment, thereby enhancing the performance of the associated microbial electrochemical systems (MESs). In this study, biosynthetic FeS nanoparticles were used to modify the anode in MESs. The experimental results demonstrated that the stable maximum voltage of the FeS composited biochar (FeS/BC)-modified anode reached 0.72 V, which is 20% higher than that of the control. The maximum power density with the FeS/BC anode was 793 mW/m2, which is 46.31% higher than that obtained with the control (542 mW/m2). According to cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, FeS/BC facilitates the direct electron transfer between bacteria and the electrode. The biomass protein concentration of the FeS/BC anode was 841.75 μg/cm2, which is almost 1.5 times higher than that of the carbon cloth anode (344.25 μg/cm2); hence, FeS/BC modification can promote biofilm formation. The composition of Geobacter species on the FeS/BC anode (75.16%) was much higher than that on the carbon cloth anode (4.81%). All the results demonstrated that the use of the biosynthetic FeS/BC anode is an environmentally friendly and efficient strategy for enhancing the electroactive biofilm formation and EAB enrichment in MESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ye Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Yanling Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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He Y, Guo J, Song Y, Chen Z, Lu C, Han Y, Li H, Hou Y, Zhao R. Acceleration mechanism of bioavailable Fe(Ⅲ) on Te(IV) bioreduction of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1: Promotion of electron generation, electron transfer and energy level. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123728. [PMID: 32853890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of highly toxic tellurite into the aquatic environment poses significant environmental risks. The acceleration mechanism and tellurium nanorods (TeNPs) characteristics with bioavailable ferric citrate (Fe(III)) were investigated in the tellurite (Te(IV)) bioreduction. Experiments showed that 5 mM Fe(III) increased the Te(IV) bioreduction rate from 0 to 12.40 mg/(L·h). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel were used to investigate electron transfer during Te(IV) bioreduction. NADH production (electron production) was significantly enhanced to 138% by Fe(III). Meanwhile Fe(III) stimulated the increase of cytochrome c, resulting in increased electron transport system activity. In addition, Fe(III) facilitated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and reduced cell membrane permeability, thus reducing the toxicity of Te(IV) to cells. The increase of ATP provided energy for the metabolic process of Te(IV) bioreduction, playing an active role in cell activity. Based on the above analysis, the acceleration mechanism of Fe(III) on Te(IV) bioreduction was proposed from the aspects of electron generation, electron transfer and energy level. Zeta potential and FT-IR spectra indicated that the stability of TeNPs contributed to the covered EPS. This study provides further understanding the acceleration mechanism of Te(IV) bioreduction and promising strategy for improving the stability of TeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caicai Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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10
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Development and modification of materials to build cost-effective anodes for microbial fuel cells (MFCs): An overview. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Cai T, Meng L, Chen G, Xi Y, Jiang N, Song J, Zheng S, Liu Y, Zhen G, Huang M. Application of advanced anodes in microbial fuel cells for power generation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125985. [PMID: 32032871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) the most extensively described bioelectrochemical systems (BES), have been made remarkable progress in the past few decades. Although the energy and environment benefits of MFCs have been recognized in bioconversion process, there are still several challenges for practical applications on large-scale, particularly for relatively low power output by high ohmic resistance and long period of start-up time. Anodes serving as an attachment carrier of microorganisms plays a vital role on bioelectricity production and extracellular electron transfer (EET) between the electroactive bacteria (EAB) and solid electrode surface in MFCs. Therefore, there has been a surge of interest in developing advanced anodes to enhance electrode electrical properties of MFCs. In this review, different properties of advanced materials for decorating anode have been comprehensively elucidated regarding to the principle of well-designed electrode, power output and electrochemical properties. In particular, the mechanism of these materials to enhance bioelectricity generation and the synergistic action between the EAB and solid electrode were clarified in detail. Furthermore, development of next generation anode materials and the potential modification methods were also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lijun Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jialing Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shengyang Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Manhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Guo H, Chen Z, Lu C, Guo J, Li H, Song Y, Han Y, Hou Y. Effect and ameliorative mechanisms of polyoxometalates on the denitrification under sulfonamide antibiotics stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123073. [PMID: 32145698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks of the sulfonamide antibiotics have attracted much attention recently. In this study, the inhibition effects of sulfadiazine (SDZ) on denitrification electron transfer system (ETS) and ameliorative mechanisms of phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) were first explored. When denitrification was under 2 mg/L SDZ stress, experiments indicated that PMo12 enhanced NO3--N reduction efficiency and rate from 68.30% to 100.00% and 124.22 to 184.59 N/g VSS/h, respectively. Electron transfer rate and consumption efficiency in denitrification ETS were enhanced to ameliorate SDZ inhibition, which was due to the more secreted riboflavin and cytochrome c and the increased denitrifying enzymes activity with PMo12 mediation. In addition, the microbial growth inhibition and cell membrane damage were ameliorated due to the more EPS surrounding microbe with PMo12 mediation. Higher diversity of denitrifying microbe with PMo12 mediation also promoted denitrification under SDZ stress. This work provided promising strategy to ameliorate antibiotics inhibition in the wastewater bio-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caicai Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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Yaqoob AA, Mohamad Ibrahim MN, Rafatullah M, Chua YS, Ahmad A, Umar K. Recent Advances in Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2078. [PMID: 32369902 PMCID: PMC7254385 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recycling and treatment of wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has been attracting significant attention as a way to control energy crises and water pollution simultaneously. Despite all efforts, MFCs are unable to produce high energy or efficiently treat pollutants due to several issues, one being the anode's material. The anode is one of the most important parts of an MFC. Recently, different types of anode materials have been developed to improve the removal rate of pollutants and the efficiency of energy production. In MFCs, carbon-based materials have been employed as the most commonly preferred anode material. An extensive range of potentials are presently available for use in the fabrication of anode materials and can considerably minimize the current challenges, such as the need for high quality materials and their costs. The fabrication of an anode using biomass waste is an ideal approach to address the present issues and increase the working efficiency of MFCs. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives of anode materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yong Shen Chua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Akil Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
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14
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Xu YN, Chen Y. Advances in heavy metal removal by sulfate-reducing bacteria. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1797-1827. [PMID: 32666937 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial development has led to generation of large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals, which need to be removed before the wastewater is released into the environment. Chemical and electrochemical methods are traditionally applied to treat this type of wastewater. These conventional methods have several shortcomings, such as secondary pollution and cost. Bioprocesses are gradually gaining popularity because of their high selectivities, low costs, and reduced environmental pollution. Removal of heavy metals by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is an economical and effective alternative to conventional methods. The limitations of and advances in SRB activity have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this paper, recent advances from laboratory studies in heavy metal removal by SRB were reported. Firstly, the mechanism of heavy metal removal by SRB is introduced. Then, the factors affecting microbial activity and metal removal efficiency are elucidated and discussed in detail. In addition, recent advances in selection of an electron donor, enhancement of SRB activity, and improvement of SRB tolerance to heavy metals are reviewed. Furthermore, key points for future studies of the SRB process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail: ; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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15
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Liang Y, Zhai H, Liu B, Ji M, Li J. Carbon nanomaterial-modified graphite felt as an anode enhanced the power production and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal in sediment microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136483. [PMID: 31954253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) can be used to generate electricity and remove organic contaminants. For electricity generation and contaminant removal, the anode material is one of important factors influencing the performance of SMFCs. In this study, graphene (GR), graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were applied to modify the graphite felt (GF) anode in SMFCs during 110 d operation. An economical and easy modification method with the carbon nanomaterials was applied. The carbon nanomaterials increased the electrochemically active surface areas and biomass content of the anodes and correspondingly effectively enhanced the generation of electricity and the removal rates of loss on ignition (LOI) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and pyrene). During the steady period from 50 d to 110 d, the GO-SMFCs favored the enrichment of EAB and thus output the highest voltages of 30.60-48.61 mV. The GR-SMFCs and GO-SMFCs generated high electric power of approximate 0.98 ± 0.14 kJ and 0.87 ± 0.04 kJ, followed by CNT-SMFCs (0.57 ± 0.06 kJ) and GF-SMFCs (0.49 ± 0.07 kJ) during the 110 d operation. The PAH degradation was not directly related to the electric current in the SMFCs. Near the anodes, the order of the phenanthrene removal rates was CNT-SMFCs (78.1%) > GR-SMFCs (73.0%) ≈ GO-SMFCs (71.2%) > GF-SMFCs (45.6%), and the order of the pyrene removal rates was GO-SMFCs (69.6%) ≈ GR-SMFCs (68.2%) ≈ CNT-SMFCs (66.7%) > GF-SMFCs (42.3%). The three carbon nanomaterials increased the microbial community diversity and slightly changed the microbial community distribution of biofilms on the anodes. Correlation analysis indicated that the degradation of phenanthrene was positively correlated with the abundances of Pseudomonas, Thauera, Diaphorobacter, Tumebacillus and Lysobacter. Pyrene degradation was strongly correlated with LOI degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Boyue Liu
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Light Industry Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
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Guo H, Chen Z, Guo J, Lu C, Song Y, Han Y, Li H, Hou Y. Enhanced denitrification performance and biocatalysis mechanisms of polyoxometalates as environmentally-friendly inorganic redox mediators. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121816. [PMID: 31344631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) used in chemical catalysis field were first explored their effect on the denitrification process. Experiments demonstrated that NO3--N reduction rate with 0.05 mM phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) was approximately 3.93-fold higher than the PMo12-free system. Simultaneously, PMo12 also had positive effect on NO2--N reduction. Compared with the PMo12-free system, the solution resistance and oxidation-reduction potential were decreased, and the activation energy (Ea) was reduced by 51.84 kJ/mol. Besides, electron conductive substances in extracellular polymeric substances were stimulated by PMo12. NADH and riboflavin were enhanced to increase denitrification electron transport system activity. Higher microbial diversity and enrichment of Salmonella were observed in the PMo12-supplemented system. Based on the above analysis, the catalyzing mechanisms of PMo12 are proposed that PMo12 made it easier for electron transferring from electron donor to electron acceptor and shifted bacterial community structure. These findings may provide a promising strategy for nitrogen wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Caicai Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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17
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Hu J, Zeng C, Liu G, Lu Y, Zhang R, Luo H. Enhanced sulfate reduction accompanied with electrically-conductive pili production in graphene oxide modified biocathodes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:425-432. [PMID: 30889533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the graphene oxide (GO) conversion by the sulfate-reducing biocathode and its modified effects on performance of the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Biocathodes were acclimated with autotrophic sulfate-reducing cultures using medium containing 500 mg L-1 sulfate. Sulfate reductive rate in the MEC was 230 and 135 g m-3 d-1, respectively, with and without 30 mg L-1 GO addition. Raman measurements showed that GO was efficiently reduced to graphene by the biocathode within 24 h. Higher electrochemical activity and smaller charge transfer resistance were detected on biofilm with GO affected. With high electrical conductivity of 307 ± 36 μS cm-1, pili substance were observed on GO affected biofilm. As dominated by Desulfovibrio sp., the biocathode could use GO as the sole electron acceptor and maintained high activity. The results from this study should provide useful information for applications of nanomaterials in the biocathode MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cuiping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Renduo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Foo ME, Anbu P, Gopinath SCB, Lakshmipriya T, Lee CG, Yun HS, Uda MNA, Yaakub ARW. Antimicrobial activity of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube with herbal extract ofHempedu bumi. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Ee Foo
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia
| | - Periasamy Anbu
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 01000 Kangar Perlis Malaysia
| | - Thangavel Lakshmipriya
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 01000 Kangar Perlis Malaysia
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Shik Yun
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering; Inha University; Incheon 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - M. N. A. Uda
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
- School of Bioprocess Engineering; Universiti Malaysia Perlis; 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia
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