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Xiang ST, Zhou C, Zhao K, Ma Y, Huang R, Peng Y, Tang Y, Yang F, Qiu J. Association of metals with early postnatal gut microbiota among infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 261:114410. [PMID: 38925082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely related to infant health. However, the impact of environmental factors on the gut microbiota has not been widely investigated, particularly in vulnerable populations such as infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study investigated the association between exposure to 12 metals and the composition of the gut microbiota in infants admitted to the NICU. Metal concentrations were determined in serum samples obtained from 107 infants admitted to the NICU at Hunan Children's hospital, China. Gut microbiota data were derived from 16S rRNA sequencing using stool samples. Generalized linear regression (GLR) models and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to estimate the associations between metals and both alpha-diversity indices and bacterial taxa. The GLR models showed that tin correlated negatively with the Shannon index (β = -0.55, 95% conficence interval [CI]: -0.79, -0.30, PFDR< 0.001) and positively with the Simpson index (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39, PFDR< 0.001). The BKMR analysis yielded similar results, showing that tin had the largest posterior inclusion probability for both the Shannon (0.986) and the Simpson (0.796) indices. Tin, cadmium, mercury, lead, and thallium were associated with changes in one or more taxa at the genus level. The BKMR analysis also revealed a negative correlation between metal mixtures and Clostridium_sensu_stricto, and tin contibuted mostly to the negative correlation. Early postnatal exposure to metals were associated with differences in the microbiome among infants admitted to the NICU. However, as the study was cross-sectional, these relationships must be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Xiang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Changci Zhou
- Academy of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Kunyan Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Ruiwen Huang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yunlong Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Jun Qiu
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's hospital), Changsha, 410007, China.
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Luo Y, Zhang H, Gui F, Fang J, Lin H, Qiu D, Ge L, Wang Q, Xu P, Tang J. Concentrations and influencing factors of 17 elements in placenta, cord blood, and maternal blood of women from an e-waste recycling area. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127449. [PMID: 38640746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of prenatal element exposure on mothers and fetuses have generated concern. Profiles of trace and toxic elements in biological material are urgently desired, especially for women who reside near e-waste recycling facilities. The aim of this study was to investigate elements concentrations in placenta, cord blood, and maternal blood of women and to evaluate the influencing factors. METHODS A group of 48 women from an e-waste recycling site and a group of 31 women from a non-e-waste recycling site were recruited. Basic characteristics were collected by questionnaire and the concentrations of 17 elements in placenta, cord blood, and maternal blood samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Finally, the generalized linear model regression analysis (GLM) was used to test the association between element concentrations and possible factors. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the exposed group had significantly elevated cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and antimony (Sb) in placenta, and higher lead (Pb) in maternal blood and cord blood (P<0.05). Sb concentration in maternal blood was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). GLM analysis showed that element concentrations were mainly associated with maternal age [chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), mercury (Hg) in placenta, copper (Cu) in maternal blood], education (Se, Sb in placenta), family income (Cu in maternal blood and Ni in placenta), passive smoking [Cu and Zn in placenta, Pb in maternal blood], and e-waste contact history (Hg in cord blood, Cu, Zn, and Cd in maternal blood). CONCLUSIONS Women in the e-waste recycling area had higher toxic element levels in the placenta and blood samples. More preventive measures were needed to reduce the risk of element exposure for mothers and fetuses in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacui Luo
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Fangzhong Gui
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jiayang Fang
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Danhong Qiu
- Taizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 608 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lingfei Ge
- Luqiao School District, Taizhou Hospital, No.1 east of Tongyang Road, Luqiao District, Taizhou 318050, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Luqiao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Yingbin Avenue, Luqiao District, Taizhou 318050, China
| | - Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China.
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Liu X, Liu X, Yang Z, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ye R, Li N. The Association of Infant Birth Sizes and Anemia under Five Years Old: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in China. Nutrients 2024; 16:1796. [PMID: 38931151 PMCID: PMC11206821 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infant birth sizes are vital clinical parameters to predict poor growth and micronutrient deficiency in early life. However, their effects on childhood anemia remain unclear. We aimed to explore the associations between birth weight, crown-heel length, and head circumference with anemia in early childhood, as well as potential modification factors. This population-based prospective cohort study included 204,556 participants with singleton live births delivered at gestational ages of 28-42 weeks. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations of the measures of infant birth size and their Z-score with anemia under five years old. There were 26,802 (13.10%) children under five years old who were diagnosed has having anemia. Compared with children who did not have anemia, children who had anemia had a lower birth weight and smaller head circumference and a longer crown-heel length (all p-values < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, not only birth weight (β coefficient, -0.008; 95% CI, -0.011--0.004; p < 0.001) and head circumference (β coefficient, -0.004; 95% CI, -0.007--0.001; p = 0.009), but also the related Z-scores were negatively associated with childhood anemia, while the trends for crown-heel length were the opposite. We further found significant interactions of folic acid use and maternal occupation with infant birth sizes. In conclusion, infants having abnormal sizes at birth are significantly associated with the risk for childhood anemia, which can be modified by folic acid use during pregnancy and maternal occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeping Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongwei Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Y.)
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhao L, Chen X, Chen Z, Yang C, Huang Q, Cheng S. Association of Metal Exposure with Novel Immunoinflammatory Indicators. TOXICS 2024; 12:316. [PMID: 38787095 PMCID: PMC11125449 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between metal exposure and novel immunoinflammatory indicators. Methods: Data on adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed. Various statistical models were employed to assess the association between metal exposure and novel immune-inflammation-related indicators. Additionally, the impact of metal exposure on inflammation in different gender populations was explored. Results: This study included 4482 participants, of whom 51.1% were male. Significant correlations were observed among various metals. Both elastic net (ENET) and linear regression models revealed robust associations between cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and immunoinflammatory indicators. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Quantile g-computation (Q-gcomp) models demonstrated strong associations between barium (Ba), Co, and Hg and immunoinflammatory indicators. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analysis indicated an overall positive correlation between in vivo urinary metal levels and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Furthermore, Co, As, and Hg emerged as key metals contributing to changes in novel immunoinflammatory indicators. Conclusions: Metals exhibit associations with emerging immunoinflammatory indicators, and concurrent exposure to mixed metals may exacerbate the inflammatory response. Furthermore, this relationship varies across gender populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xieyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.C.)
| | - Cantao Yang
- Yubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 401120, China;
| | - Qiang Huang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400707, China;
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (Z.C.)
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Huang J, Chen J, Ma L, Zhu X, Wan L, Li X, Guo C. Analysis of Ionomic Profiles of Spinal Cords in a Rat Model with Bone Cancer Pain. J Pain Res 2024; 17:1531-1545. [PMID: 38682106 PMCID: PMC11055530 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s447282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ionomics is used to study levels of ionome in different states of organisms and their correlations. Bone cancer pain (BCP) severely reduces quality of life of patients or their lifespan. However, the relationship between BCP and ionome remains unclear. Methods The BCP rat model was constructed through inoculation of Walker 256 cells into the left tibia. Von Frey test, whole-cell patch-clamp recording and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technologies were conducted for measuring tactile hypersensitivity, the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) of neurons of spinal slices, and ionome of spinal cord samples, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore ionomic patterns of the spinal cord. Results The BCP rat model was successfully constructed through implantation of Walker 256 cells into the left tibia. The frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs of neurons in the spinal cord slices from the BCP model rats were notably greater than those in the sham control. In terms of ionomics, the spinal cord levels of two macroelements (Ca and S), four microelements (Fe, Mn, Li and Sr) and the toxic element Ti in the BCP group of rats were significantly increased by inoculation of Walker 256 cancer cells, compared to the sham control. In addition, the correlation patterns between the elements were greatly changed between the sham control and BCP groups. PCA showed that inoculation of Walker 256 cells into the tibia altered the overall ionomic profiles of the spinal cord. There was a significant separation trend between the two groups. Conclusion Taken together, inoculation of Walker 256 cells into the left tibia contributes to BCP, which could be closely correlated by some elements. The findings provided novel information on the relationship between the ionome and BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiugeng Chen
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xieyi Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou K, Tang M, Zhang W, Chen Y, Guan Y, Huang R, Duan J, Liu Z, Ji X, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chen M. Exposure to Molybdate Results in Metabolic Disorder: An Integrated Study of the Urine Elementome and Serum Metabolome in Mice. TOXICS 2024; 12:288. [PMID: 38668511 PMCID: PMC11053804 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of molybdate has raised concerns about its potential toxicity in humans. However, the potential toxicity of molybdate under the current level of human exposure remains largely unknown. Endogenous metabolic alterations that are caused in humans by environmental exposure to pollutants are associated with the occurrence and progression of many diseases. This study exposed eight-week-old male C57 mice to sodium molybdate at doses relevant to humans (0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were utilized to assess changes in urine element levels and serum metabolites in mice, respectively. A total of 838 subjects from the NHANES 2017-2018 population database were also included in our study to verify the associations between molybdenum and cadmium found in mice. Analysis of the metabolome in mice revealed that four metabolites in blood serum exhibited significant changes, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, glycolic acid, l-acetylcarnitine, and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octanoate. Analysis of the elementome revealed a significant increase in urine levels of cadmium after molybdate exposure in mice. Notably, molybdenum also showed a positive correlation with cadmium in humans from the NHANES database. Further analysis identified a positive correlation between cadmium and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octanoate in mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that molybdate exposure disrupted amino acid and lipid metabolism, which may be partially mediated by molybdate-altered cadmium levels. The integration of elementome and metabolome data provides sensitive information on molybdate-induced metabolic disorders and associated toxicities at levels relevant to human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Miaomiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiawei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingtong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (K.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (Z.L.); (X.J.); (Y.J.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Forté CA, Millar JA, Colacino JA. Integrating NHANES and toxicity forecaster data to compare pesticide exposure and bioactivity by farmwork history and US citizenship. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:208-216. [PMID: 37474644 PMCID: PMC10799167 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmworkers in the United States, especially migrant workers, face unique barriers to healthcare and have documented disparities in health outcomes. Exposure to pesticides, especially those persistent in the environment, may contribute to these health disparities. OBJECTIVE Quantify differences in pesticide exposure bioactivity by farmworker category and US citizenship status. METHODS We queried the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999-2014 for pesticide exposure biomarker concentrations among farmworkers and non-farmworkers by citizenship status. We combined this with toxicity assay data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast). We estimated adverse biological effects that occur across a range of human population-relevant pesticide doses. RESULTS In total, there were 844 people with any farmwork history and 23,592 non-farmworkers. Of 12 commonly detectable pesticide biomarkers in NHANES, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (OR = 3.76, p = 1.33 × 10-6) was significantly higher in farmworkers than non-farmworkers. Farmworkers were 1.15 times more likely to have a bioactive pesticide biomarker measurement in comparison to non-farmworkers (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.51). Non-U.S. citizens were 1.39 times more likely to have bioactive pesticide biomarker concentrations compared to people with U.S. citizenship (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.64). Additionally, non-citizens were significantly more exposed to bioactive levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) (OR = 8.10, p = 1.33 × 10-6), p,p-DDE (OR = 2.60, p = 0.02), and p,p'-DDT (OR = 7.75, p = 0.01). IMPACT STATEMENT Farmworkers are a vulnerable population due to social determinants of health and occupational exposures. Here, we integrate US population chemical biomonitoring data and toxicity outcome data to assess pesticide exposure by farmwork history and citizenship. We find that farmworkers and those without US citizenship are significantly more likely to be exposed to concentrations of pesticides which are bioactive in toxicological assays. Thus, farmworkers employed in the US but who are not citizens could be at increased risk of harm to their health due to pesticides. These findings are important to shape evidence-based policies in regulatory science to promote worker safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanese A Forté
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan, College of Engineering, Michigan Institute of Computational Discovery and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess A Millar
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- The University of Michigan College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, Program in the Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Georgieva Bacelova M, Dimitrova Gatseva P, Ivanova Deneva T, Miteva Davcheva D, Veselinova Bivolarska A. Are the elements zinc, copper, magnesium, and rubidium related to nutrition and iodine deficiency in pregnant Bulgarian women from iodine deficient region? Cent Eur J Public Health 2024; 32:31-38. [PMID: 38669155 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trace elements are essential for the biochemistry of the cell. Their reference values have been found to differ considerably in pregnant women stratified by age, place of residence, anthropometric status, and length of pregnancy. In optimal amounts, these elements reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb) on pregnant women in an iodine deficiency region and find the relationship with the thyroid status and nutrition. METHODS We evaluated the iodine status of 61 healthy pregnant women from an iodine deficient region in Bulgaria. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin free (FT4) levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS We found elevated levels of copper that differed the most between the first and second trimesters; Cu and TSH were found to be positively correlated (р < 0.05). Lower Cu levels were found in pregnant women consuming pulses more than 2-3 times a week (р = 0.033). The women consuming fish more than 2-3 times a week had higher levels of Rb. We found a pronounced iodine deficiency in more than half of the examined women in the first to third trimesters, without any effect of pregnancy on the ioduria (р=0.834). All second and third trimester cases were associated with severe ioduria (< 150 µg/L). CONCLUSION The high Cu levels were associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and less pulse consumption during pregnancy in an iodine deficiency endemic area. SCH was found in 24% of the pregnant women in such an area while in 13% of them SCH had progressed to overt hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penka Dimitrova Gatseva
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova Deneva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Innovations for Personalized Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Delyana Miteva Davcheva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Innovations for Personalized Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Forté CA, Millar JA, Colacino J. Integrating NHANES and Toxicity Forecaster Data to Compare Pesticide Exposure and Bioactivity by Farmwork History and US Citizenship. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.24.23284967. [PMID: 36747730 PMCID: PMC9901040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.23284967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Farmworkers in the United States, especially migrant workers, face unique barriers to healthcare and have documented disparities in health outcomes. Exposure to pesticides, especially those persistent in the environment, may contribute to these health disparities. Methods We queried the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999-2014 for pesticide exposure biomarker concentrations among farmworkers and non-farmworkers by citizenship status. We combined this with toxicity assay data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxicity Forecast Dashboard (ToxCast). We estimated adverse biological effects that occur across a range of human population-relevant pesticide doses. Results In total, there were 1,137 people with any farmwork history and 20,205 non-farmworkers. Of the 14 commonly detectable pesticide biomarkers in NHANES, 2,4-dichlorophenol (OR= 4.32, p= 2.01×10 -7 ) was significantly higher in farmworkers than non-farmworkers. Farmworkers were 1.37 times more likely to have a bioactive pesticide biomarker measurement in comparison to non-farmworkers (adjusted OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.71). Within farmworkers only, those without U.S. citizenships were 1.31 times more likely to have bioactive pesticide biomarker concentrations compared those with U.S. citizenship (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI: 0.75, 2.30). Additionally, non-citizen farmworkers were significantly more exposed to bioactive levels of β -hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) (OR= 8.50, p= 1.23×10 -9 ), p,p-DDE (OR= 2.98, p= 3.11×10 -3 ), and p,p'-DDT (OR= 10.78, p= 8.70×10 -4 ). Discussion These results highlight pesticide exposure disparities in farmworkers, particularly those without U.S. citizenship. Many of these exposures are occurring at doses which are bioactive in toxicological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanese A. Forté
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan, College of Engineering, Michigan Institute of Computational Discovery and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess A. Millar
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin Colacino
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, Program in the Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wang Z, Huang S, Zhang W, Zeng X, Chu C, Li Q, Cui X, Wu Q, Dong G, Huang J, Liu L, Tan W, Shang X, Kong M, Deng F. Chemical element concentrations in cord whole blood and the risk of preterm birth for pregnant women in Guangdong, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114228. [PMID: 36306619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to chemical elements, including essential and non-essential elements, have been found to be associated with preterm births (PTB). However, few studies have measured element concentrations in cord whole blood, which reflects activity at the maternal-fetal interface and may be biologically associated with PTBs. In this study, we determined concentrations of 21 elements in cord whole blood and explored the associations between element concentrations and PTB in a nested case-control study within a birth cohort in Guangdong, China. Finally, 515 preterm infants and 595 full-term infants were included. We performed single-element and multi-element logistic regressions to evaluate linear relationships between element concentrations and PTB. According to the results of single-element models, most essential elements (including K, Ca, Si, Zn, Se, Sr and Fe) were negatively associated with PTB, while Cu, V, Co and Sn were positively associated with PTB. Of the non-essential elements, Sb, Tl, and U were positively associated with PTB, while Pb was negatively associated with PTB. The multi-element model results for most elements were similar, except that the association between Mg and PTB was shown to be significantly positive, and the association for Cu became much larger. A possible explanation is that the effects of Mg and Cu may be influenced by other elements. We performed restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions and found significantly non-linear exposure-response relationships for Mg, Se, Sr, K and Sb, indicating that the effects of these elements on PTB are not simply detrimental or beneficial. We also examined the joint effect using a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and found the risk of PTB decreased significantly with element mixture concentration when lnC was larger than the median. Bivariate interaction analysis suggested antagonistic effects of Sb on Zn and Sr, which may be attributed to Sb negating the antioxidant capacity of Zn and Sr. This study provides additional evidence for the effect of element exposures on PTB, and will have implications for the prevention of excessive exposures or inappropriate element supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinbo Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Liling Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center. The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530016, Guangxi, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center. The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530016, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Minli Kong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Mbunga BK, Gjengedal ELF, Bangelesa F, Langfjord MM, Bosonkie MM, Strand TA, Mapatano MA, Engebretsen IMS. Heavy metals in children's blood from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study and spatial analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18576. [PMID: 36329123 PMCID: PMC9633830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals can affect cell differentiation, neurocognitive development, and growth during early life, even in low doses. Little is known about heavy metal exposure and its relationship with nutrition outcomes in non-mining rural environments. We carried out a community-based cross-sectional study to describe the distribution of four heavy metal concentrations [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)] in the serum of a representative population of children aged 12 to 59 months old from the rural region of Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo. The four metals were measured in 412 samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) were set. Percentiles were reported. Statistical and geospatial bivariate analyses were performed to identify relationships with other nutrition outcomes. Arsenic was quantified in 59.7%, while Cd, Hg, and Pb were quantified in less than 10%, all without toxicities. The arsenic level was negatively associated with the zinc level, while the Hg level was positively associated with the selenium level. This common detection of As in children of Popokabaka requires attention, and urgent drinking water exploration and intervention for the profit of the Popokabaka community should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branly Kilola Mbunga
- grid.9783.50000 0000 9927 0991Kinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elin L. F. Gjengedal
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Freddy Bangelesa
- grid.9783.50000 0000 9927 0991Kinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo ,grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mina M. Langfjord
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Marc M. Bosonkie
- grid.9783.50000 0000 9927 0991Kinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Tor A. Strand
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.412929.50000 0004 0627 386XDepartment of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Mala Ali Mapatano
- grid.9783.50000 0000 9927 0991Kinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ingunn M. S. Engebretsen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Stojsavljević A, Rovčanin M, Miković Ž, Perović M, Jeremić A, Zečević N, Manojlović D. Analysis of essential, toxic, rare earth, and noble elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37375-37383. [PMID: 35060029 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive industrialization in recent decades has contributed to the increase of metal levels in the environment, which has a dangerous impact on human health, primarily pregnant women. In this study, we aimed to compare levels of various elements in maternal and umbilical cord (UC) plasma samples collected from 125 healthy pregnant women, conduct correlation analysis among paired plasma samples, and compare our data with other populations worldwide. The study design included the following elements: essential (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo), non-essential (Be, Al, Ni, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Sb, Pb, U), rare earth (La, Pr, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er), and noble metals (Ru, Rh, Re, Pt). Levels of 30 elements were higher in maternal plasma than in UC plasma samples. However, no disparities at the statistically significant level were found for Be, Zn, Rb, Cd, Ce, and Ho. Correlation analysis among paired plasma samples revealed only positive/synergistic correlations of different strengths between most elements. Compared to other countries across the globe, our participants had considerably lower plasma levels of Zn and higher levels of Co, Ni, and As. This study provides not only a new and deeper comprehension, but also the first insight into the levels, correlation, distribution, and potential transplacental transfer of 30 elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Rovčanin
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Miković
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Perović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Jeremić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Zečević
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Lenin prospect 76, Russia
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Guan Q, Xu L, Zhao S, Duan J, Wang Y, Xia Y, Xu Q. Exposure to multiple trace elements and miscarriage during early pregnancy: A mixtures approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107161. [PMID: 35219936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some conventional trace elements has been found to be associated with miscarriage; however, evidence for combined exposure is inconclusive. Therefore, it is important to explore the joint associations between toxic and essential trace elements and miscarriage. METHODS This cross-sectional study measured a wide range of element levels in the whole blood of pregnant women by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations between individual elements and miscarriage were appraised using logistic regression model. Multi-exposure models, including Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), were used to explore the mixed exposure to elements. Furthermore, grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) considered multiple elements with different magnitudes and directions of associations. RESULTS In logistic regression, the odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) in the highest quartiles were 5.45 (2.00, 15.91) for barium, 0.28 (0.09, 0.76) for copper, and 0.32 (0.12, 0.83) for rubidium. These exposure-outcome associations were confirmed and supplemented by BKMR, which indicated a positive association for barium and negative associations for copper and rubidium. In WQS, a positive association was found between mixed elements and miscarriage (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.78), in which barium (75.7%) was the highest weighted element. The results of GWQS showed that the toxic trace element group dominated by barium was significantly associated with increased ORs (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.74, 4.38). Additionally, a negative association was observed between the essential trace element group and miscarriage (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.54), with rubidium contributing the most to the result. CONCLUSIONS As a toxic trace element, barium was positively associated with miscarriage both by individual and multiple evaluations, while essential trace elements, particularly rubidium and copper, exhibited negative associations. Our findings provide significant evidence for exploring the effects of trace elements on miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Chen M, Guan Y, Huang R, Duan J, Zhou J, Chen T, Wang X, Xia Y, London SJ. Associations between the Maternal Exposome and Metabolome during Pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:37003. [PMID: 35254863 PMCID: PMC8901044 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy can influence various maternal and offspring health parameters. Modification of maternal metabolism by environmental exposure may be an important pathway for these impacts. However, there is limited evidence regarding exposure to a wide array of chemicals and the metabolome during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between the urinary exposome and metabolome during pregnancy. METHODS Urine samples were collected in the first and third trimesters from 1,024 pregnant women recruited in prenatal clinics in Jiangsu Province, China. The exposome was analyzed using the first trimester sample with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The metabolome was analyzed using the third trimester sample with UHPLC-HRMS. We evaluated associations between each of 106 exposures in the first trimester with 139 metabolites in the third trimester. RESULTS We identified 1,245 significant associations (p<3.39×10-6, Bonferroni correction) between chemical exposures and maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Among elements, the largest number of the significant metabolic associations were observed for magnesium, and among organic compounds, for 4-tert-octylphenol. We used exposome-metabolome associations to explore mechanisms underlying published associations between prenatal chemical exposures and offspring health outcomes. This integration of the literature with our results suggests that reported associations between 10 analytes and birth weight, gestational age, fat deposition, neurobehavioral development, immunological disorders, and hypertension may be partially mediated by metabolites associated with these exposures. DISCUSSION This high-dimensional analysis of the urinary exposome and metabolome identified many associations between chemical exposures and maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Integration of these associations with the literature on health outcomes of exposure suggests that environmental modulation of the maternal metabolome may play a role in the association between prenatal exposure on pregnancy and child health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yusheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Stojsavljević A, Rovčanin M, Rovčanin B, Miković Ž, Jeremić A, Perović M, Manojlović D. Human biomonitoring of essential, nonessential, rare earth, and noble elements in placental tissues. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131518. [PMID: 34273696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to certain metals has been recognized as a risk factor for numerous complications in vulnerable population groups, particularly pregnant women. This investigation evaluated the levels of essential (Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo) and nonessential trace metals with recognized toxicity (Be, Al, Ti, V, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, U), together with rare earth elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu), and noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag) in the placental tissues of healthy pregnant women (n = 105). The selection of participants was undertaken with special reference to specific confounding factors that could influence the trace element profiles. Among trace elements, Zn was the most abundant and Lu was the least abundant. Cd and Os placental levels show a tendency to increase with women's age. Compared with literature data, high levels of Ni were found. This is the first study that provides the composition levels of essential and toxic trace elements, rare earth elements, and noble metals in human placental tissues. Also, for the first time, normal (reference) ranges for 50 (ultra)trace elements in placental tissues are proposed. Reference ranges are especially important in biomonitoring studies, which nowadays give increasing importance to the analysis of solid tissues instead of body fluids. Overall, the information provided in this study can serve as a starting point for further clinical trials and/or prediction of potential risks to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Rovčanin
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia; University Clinical Center of Serbia, Center for Endocrine Surgery, Koste Todorovića 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Miković
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Jeremić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Perović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Lenin prospect 76, Russia
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16
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Huang H, Wei L, Chen X, Zhang R, Su L, Rahman M, Golam Mostofa M, Qamruzzaman Q, Zhao Y, Yu H, Wei Y, Christiani DC, Chen F. Cord serum elementomics profiling of 56 elements depicts risk of preterm birth: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106731. [PMID: 34197971 PMCID: PMC11152765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to some individual rare earth elements and trace elements is associated with preterm birth, but few elements have been studied and little is known about the potential effect of simultaneous exposure to multiple elements. We examined individual and mixture effects of elements on preterm birth among 745 pregnant women in a prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh (2008-2011). We measured 56 elements in umbilical cord blood collected during delivery using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Using elastic net (ENET) regularization and multivariate logistic regression, we examined independent associations between element concentrations and preterm birth. Bayesian kernel machine regression identified mixture effects of elements most critical to preterm birth, accounting for correlated exposure and interaction. ENET identified titanium (Ti), arsenic (As), and barium (Ba) as the most important predictors of shortened gestational age and preterm birth. In adjusted models, cord blood Ti (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.08-5.93; P = 0.033), As (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04-1.73; P = 0.023), and Ba (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38; P = 0.029) were significantly associated with preterm birth. Bayesian kernel machine regression suggested an interaction effect between As and Ba. Further, we constructed an element risk score (ERS) using estimated weights from a multivariate regression model for Ti, As, and Ba and regressed preterm birth by this score (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.57-4.69; P = 3.35 × 10-4). Additionally, we observed a significant modification effect of child marriage on ERS, which means marriage before the age of 18 (Pinteraction = 0.0438). This study identified element exposures profiles in cord blood and constructed metal risk score that are jointly associated with the risk of preterm birth. Ti, As, and Ba exposure may adversely affect birth outcomes as well as child marriage may be a modifiable factor potentially affecting environmental element exposure and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liangmin Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - David C Christiani
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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17
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Lum JTS, Chan YN, Leung KSY. Current applications and future perspectives on elemental analysis of non-invasive samples for human biomonitoring. Talanta 2021; 234:122683. [PMID: 34364482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to numerous environmental pollutants including potentially toxic elements. Essential elements play an important role in human health. Abnormal elemental levels in the body, in different forms that existed, have been reported to be correlated with different diseases and environmental exposure. Blood is the conventional biological sample used in human biomonitoring. However, blood samples can only reflect short-term exposure and require invasive sampling, which poses infection risk to individuals. In recent years, the number of research evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive samples (hair, nails, urine, meconium, breast milk, placenta, cord blood, saliva and teeth) for human biomonitoring is increasing. These samples can be collected easily and provide extra information in addition to blood analysis. Yet, the correlation between the elemental concentration in non-invasive samples and in blood is not well established, which hinders the application of those samples in routine human biomonitoring. This review aims at providing a fundamental overview of analytical methods of non-invasive samples in human biomonitoring. The content covers the sample collection and pretreatment, sample preparation and instrumental analysis. The technical discussions are separated into solution analysis and solid analysis. In the last section, the authors highlight some of the perspectives on the future of elemental analysis in human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Tsz-Shan Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun-Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Huang H, Wei Y, Xia Y, Wei L, Chen X, Zhang R, Su L, Rahman ML, Rahman M, Qamruzzaman Q, Guo W, Shen H, Hu Z, Christiani DC, Chen F. Child marriage, maternal serum metal exposure, and risk of preterm birth in rural Bangladesh: evidence from mediation analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:571-580. [PMID: 33824414 PMCID: PMC8134042 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of preterm birth in Bangladesh is estimated to be 19.1%, the highest in the world. Although prenatal exposure to several metals has been linked with preterm birth, fewer prospective studies have investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect metal exposure, leading to preterm birth risk. OBJECTIVE We aim to identify novel metal biomarkers and their critical exposure windows, as well as the upstream socioeconomic risk factors for preterm birth in rural Bangladeshi, to shed light for future interventional strategies. METHODS This study included data from 780 mother-offspring pairs, who were recruited to participate in a prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh (2008-2011). Serum concentrations of 19 metals were measured in the first and second trimesters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the upstream socioeconomic factors that affect the risk of preterm birth mediated via metal exposure concentrations. RESULTS Early pregnancy exposure to serum zinc, arsenic, and strontium and mid-pregnancy exposure to barium were significantly associated with risk of preterm birth. Furthermore, younger marriage age was associated with an exponential increase in the risk of preterm birth, and women who married after 18 years old had a considerably lower risk of preterm birth. Mediation analysis indicated that these four elements mediated 30.2% of the effect of marriage age on preterm birth. CONCLUSION This study indicated that maternal serum metal exposure mediates the impact of child marriage on the increased risk of preterm birth via metal exposures. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying such association and provide insights into future interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangmin Wei
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Department of Population Medicine and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenhui Guo
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Wani AL, Hammad Ahmad Shadab GG, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions - An influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126702. [PMID: 33285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally. METHODS The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed. RESULTS Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead. CONCLUSION Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Jin Y, Li Z, An H, Pang Y, Li K, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yan L, Wang B, Ye R, Li Z, Ren A. Environmental titanium exposure and reproductive health: Risk of low birth weight associated with maternal titanium exposure from a nested case-control study in northern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111632. [PMID: 33396152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is commonly used in additives in the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2). However, our understanding of the effect of Ti on reproductive health remains limited. This nested case-control study, performed in a Ti mining exposure field, investigated the association between maternal blood Ti concentration and the risk of low birth weight (LBW), as well as the potential biological mechanism. A total of 45 women who delivered LBW infants (cases) and 352 women with normal birth weight infants (controls) were included. We collected maternal peripheral blood samples in the first or early second trimester to measure Ti concentration in serum (Tisr) and blood cells (Tibc), as well as inflammatory, lipid, and oxidative stress biomarkers thereof. The demographic characteristics of the women included in the study were also obtained. The results showed that the median total blood Ti concentration (Titb) in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (134 vs. 129 ng/mL, P = 0.039). A higher Titb level was associated with a greater risk of LBW [odds ratio = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-5.90], but no such association was observed for Tisr or Tibc after adjusting for potential confounders. The serum lipid biomarkers TC, TG, and total lipids (TL) were all negatively associated with Tisr and Titb. Serum 8-OHdG was positively associated with Tibc. We concluded that a high Titb during early pregnancy may increase the risk of LBW. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress may play an important role in the adverse health effects associated with Ti exposure. Thus, our results merit more attention to the probable adverse effects of titanium exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hang An
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Kexin Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Rongwei Ye
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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21
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Zhang Y, Huo X, Lu X, Zeng Z, Faas MM, Xu X. Exposure to multiple heavy metals associate with aberrant immune homeostasis and inflammatory activation in preschool children. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127257. [PMID: 32534297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals generate adverse health effects by interfering with immune homeostasis and promoting inflammation in individuals. Our objective was to explore the induction of immune and inflammatory responses by multiple heavy metals in children living in the e-waste contaminated area. A total of 147 preschool children were recruited, including 73 children from Guiyu, a typical e-waste recycling area, and 74 from a reference group. Blood levels of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Immune cell counts (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes) were determined by an automatic blood cell analyzer, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were analyzed by a Luminex 200 multiplex immunoassay instrument. Multiple correspondences and linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationships between heavy metal exposure and relevant parameters. Results shows Guiyu children had higher levels of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, IL-1β and IL-6, but decreased lymphocyte, IL-1RA and IL-13. Neutrophil count was positively correlated with Pb, Cd and Hg exposure. Anti-inflammatory IL-1RA concentration was negatively related with Pb, Cd, Hg and As, while pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with Pb. Guiyu children may have dysregulated immune response and high inflammation risk. Exposure to Pb, Cd, Hg and As could be harmful for immune response and inflammatory regulation. Our finding of decreased IL-RA production in children exposed to Pb, Cd, Hg, and As is novel and could be an opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Wu H, Xu B, Guan Y, Chen T, Huang R, Zhang T, Sun R, Xie K, Chen M. A metabolomic study on the association of exposure to heavy metals in the first trimester with primary tooth eruption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138107. [PMID: 32392674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of prenatal heavy metals exposure on primary tooth eruption in humans is rarely reported. AIM Based on the cohort study design, we investigated the association of exposure to 12 heavy metals in the first trimester with primary tooth eruption, and the maternal metabolisms in the first trimester which might be related to the above relationship. METHODS Maternal urine samples were collected in their first trimester, and 12 metals (Ti, V, Fe, Co, Cu, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Hg, Tl, U) were measured using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The maternal metabolome in the first trimester was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry based metabolomics using urine samples. The infant's first tooth eruption time and number of teeth at age one were recorded by oral examination and questionnaire. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between heavy metals exposure in the first trimester and primary tooth eruption, except for Co. The level of Co was positively associated with time of infant's first tooth eruption, and was negatively associated with the number of teeth at age one. Based on metabolomic profiling, glycine was revealed as the key mediating metabolite, which showed negative correlation with Co and opposite effect of Co in the primary tooth eruption. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal Co exposure in the first trimester might delay the primary tooth eruption in children through the decreased glycine-disrupted dentin formation, providing the first evidence and novel insights into the control of prenatal heavy metals exposure for ensuring normal (timely) primary tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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23
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Zhang Q, Li X, Liu X, Dong M, Xiao J, Wang J, Zhou M, Wang Y, Ning D, Ma W, Zhu W, Liu T, Zhang B. Association between maternal antimony exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A birth cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125732. [PMID: 31927364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small number of epidemiological studies have suggested the association of antimony (Sb) exposure with type 2 diabetes risk. However, little is known about the relationship between Sb exposure during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of urinary Sb concentrations with GDM risk and blood glucose levels in pregnant women. METHODS We analyzed the baseline data of 1789 pregnant women enrolled in the Birth Cohort Study on Prenatal Environments and Offspring Health (PEOH) in Guangzhou, China. Sb concentrations in urine were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used to evaluate associations of Sb exposure with GDM risk and blood glucose levels. RESULTS A total of 437 (24.4%) women were diagnosed with GDM. The relative risk of GDM for women in the highest quartile of creatinine-corrected Sb (CC-Sb) concentrations was 1.55 [RR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.12, 2.15), p-trend = 0.005], compared with women in the lowest quartile. Moreover, the women in the top quartile of CC-Sb levels had a 5.2% higher 1 h blood glucose and a 4.2% higher 2 h blood glucose than those in the bottom quartile. We also found an interactive effect between maternal age and CC-Sb on the risk of GDM (p-interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggested significant positive associations of Sb exposure with increased GDM risk and impaired blood glucose homeostasis in pregnant women, and the Sb-GDM association might be modified by maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Moran Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Public Health Service Testing, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengya Zhou
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Dórea JG. Environmental exposure to low-level lead (Pb) co-occurring with other neurotoxicants in early life and neurodevelopment of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108641. [PMID: 31421445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant that even at low levels influences brain development and affects neurobehavior later in life; nevertheless it is only a small fraction of the neurotoxicant (NT) exposome. Exposure to environmental Pb concurrent with other NT substances is often the norm, but their joint effects are challenging to study during early life. The aim of this review is to integrate studies of Pb-containing NT mixtures during the early life and neurodevelopment outcomes of children. The Pb-containing NT mixtures that have been most studied involve other metals (Mn, Al, Hg, Cd), metalloids (As), halogen (F), and organo-halogen pollutants. Co-occurring Pb-associated exposures during pregnancy and lactation depend on the environmental sources and the metabolism and half-life of the specific NT contaminant; but offspring neurobehavioral outcomes are also influenced by social stressors. Nevertheless, Pb-associated effects from prenatal exposure portend a continued burden on measurable neurodevelopment; they thus favor increased neurological health issues, decrements in neurobehavioral tests and reductions in the quality of life. Neurobehavioral test outcomes measured in the first 1000 days showed Pb-associated negative outcomes were frequently noticed in infants (<6 months). In older (preschool and school) children studies showed more variations in NT mixtures, children's age, and sensitivity and/or specificity of neurobehavioral tests; these variations and choice of statistical model (individual NT stressor or collective effect of mixture) may explain inconsistencies. Multiple exposures to NT mixtures in children diagnosed with 'autism spectrum disorders' (ASD) and 'attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders' (ADHD), strongly suggest a Pb-associated effect. Mixture potency (number or associated NT components and respective concentrations) and time (duration and developmental stage) of exposure often showed a measurable impact on neurodevelopment; however, net effects, reversibility and/or predictability of delays are insufficiently studied and need urgent attention. Nevertheless, neurodevelopment delays can be prevented and/or attenuated if public health policies are implemented to protect the unborn and the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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25
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Efficiency of the Air-Pollution Control System of a Lead-Acid-Battery Recycling Industry. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The air-pollution control system of a lead-acid-battery recycling industry was studied. The system comprised two streams with gravity settlers followed by filter bags for the factory indoor air and the metal-recycling furnace, respectively. Efficiency in particle removal according to mass was found to be 99.91%. Moreover, filter bags and dust from the gravity settlers were analyzed for heavy metals by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The results showed high concentrations of Pb and Na in all cases. In the filter bag samples from the indoor atmosphere stream, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Al were found in concentrations higher than that in the filter bag samples from the furnace stream. The opposite was found for Na. Tl and K were only found in furnace stream bag filters. The elemental concentration of the dust from the furnace fumes stream contained mainly Fe, Na, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Cl, while the indoor main stream contained mainly P, Fe, Na, Pb, and Sb. In all cases, impurities of Nd, Ni, Rb, Sr, Th, Hg, and Bi were found. The high efficiency of the air-pollution control system in particle removal shows that a considerable reduction in emissions was achieved.
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