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Huang J, Zhang J, Sun J, Gong M, Yuan Z. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics and perfluorooctane sulfonate disrupt the homeostasis of intact planarians and the growth of regenerating planarians. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171653. [PMID: 38485023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are widespread in the global ecosystem. MPs have the ability to adsorb organic contaminants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), leading to combined effects. The current work aims to explore the individual and combined toxicological effects of polystyrene (PS) and PFOS on the growth and nerves of the freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica). The results showed that PS particles could adsorb PFOS. PS and PFOS impeded the regeneration of decapitated planarians eyespots, whereas the combined treatment increased the locomotor speed of intact planarians. PS and PFOS caused significant DNA damage, while co-treatment with different PS concentrations aggravated and attenuated DNA damage, respectively. Further studies at the molecular level have shown that PS and PFOS affect the proliferation and differentiation of neoblasts in both intact and regenerating planarians, alter the expression levels of neuronal genes, and impede the development of the nervous system. PS and PFOS not only disrupted the homeostasis of intact planarians, but also inhibited the regeneration of decapitated planarians. This study is the first to assess the multiple toxicity of PS and PFOS to planarians after combined exposure. It provides a basis for the environmental and human health risks of MPs and PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxin Gong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
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2
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Liu Q, Deng Z, Chen H, Kim MS, Kim DH, Gu L, Lee JS, Yang Z. Changes in Induced-Antipredation Defense Traits and Transcriptome Regulations of Daphnia magna in Response to 5-HT 1A Receptor Antagonist. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7577-7587. [PMID: 38630542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The serotonin signaling system plays a crucial role in regulating the ontogeny of crustaceans. Here, we describe the effects of different concentrations of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) on the induced antipredation (Rhodeus ocellatus as the predator), morphological, behavioral, and life-history defenses of Daphnia magna and use transcriptomics to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that exposure to WAY-100635 leads to changes in the expression of different defensive traits in D. magna when faced with fish predation risks. Specifically, as the length of exposure to WAY-100635 increases, high concentrations of WAY-100635 inhibit defensive responses associated with morphological and reproductive activities but promote the immediate negative phototactic behavioral defense of D. magna. This change is related to the underlying mechanism through which WAY-100635 interferes with gene expression of G-protein-coupled GABA receptors by affecting GABBR1 but promotes serotonin receptor signaling and ecdysteroid signaling pathways. In addition, we also find for the first time that fish kairomone can significantly activate the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which may lead to an increase in the rate of immediate movement. These results can help assess the potential impacts of serotonin-disrupting psychotropic drugs on zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziyi Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huafang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Klementova S, Poncarova M. Selected widely prescribed pharmaceuticals: toxicity of the drugs and the products of their photochemical degradation to aquatic organisms. J Appl Biomed 2024; 22:1-11. [PMID: 38505965 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-lowering drugs, antidiabetics, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, and antibiotics belong to the most prescribed drugs worldwide. Because of the manufacture, excretion, and improper disposal of leftover drugs, the drugs enter waste waters and, subsequently, surface waters. They have been detected in surface waters all over the world, from concentrations of ng/l to concentrations several orders of magnitude higher. Since pharmaceuticals are designed to be both biologically and chemically stable, photochemical degradation by sun radiation represents a way of transformation in the natural environment. This review provides a survey of how selected drugs of the above-mentioned classes affect aquatic organisms of different trophic level. The emphasis is on the harmful effects of phototransformation products, an area of scientific investigation that has only attracted attention in the past few years, revealing the surprising fact that products of photochemical degradation might be even more toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Klementova
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Poncarova
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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4
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Mathiron AGE, Rejo L, Chapeau F, Malgouyres JM, Silvestre F, Vignet C. Tools for photomotor response assay standardization in ecotoxicological studies: Example of exposure to gentamicin in the freshwater planaria Schmidtea mediterranea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104242. [PMID: 37573897 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Photomotor response assay (PMR) is very useful in an ecotoxicological context because it allows evaluation of behavioral response to potential toxic compounds. However, a lack of procedure standardization makes results comparison difficult between labs and organisms. Here, we aimed to propose five different tools to standardize the PMR procedure so that it may be applied to all model species, regarding: (1) the minimum total sample size, (2) the acclimation period, (3) the number and duration of light and dark phases alternation, (4) the measured behavior, and (5) the statistical analysis. As an example of procedure application, we analyzed the effect of an exposure to the antibiotic gentamicin on the locomotion behavior during PMR in an invertebrate species: the asexual freshwater planaria Schmidtea mediterranea. We encourage future studies using PMR to follow these five tools to improve data analysis and results comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G E Mathiron
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Rejo
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Florian Chapeau
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Jean-Michel Malgouyres
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), EA7417, INU Champollion, Place de Verdun, 81000 Albi, France
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Silva SAM, Prata JC, Dias-Pereira P, Rodrigues ACM, Soares AMVM, Sarmento RA, Rocha-Santos T, Gravato C, Patrício Silva AL. Microplastics altered cellular responses, physiology, behaviour, and regeneration of planarians feeding on contaminated prey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162556. [PMID: 36870489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater benthic environments are among the major sinks of microplastics (MPs, < 5 mm) sourced on inland anthropogenic activities. The ecotoxicological effects of MPs on benthic macroinvertebrates have been assessed preferably in collectors, shredders, and filter-feeders, but resulting in insufficient knowledge on the potential trophic transfer and its effects on macroinvertebrates with predator behaviour such as planarians. This work evaluated the behavioural (feeding, locomotion), physiological (regeneration) and biochemical responses (aerobic metabolism, energy reserves, oxidative damage) of the planarian Girardia tigrina after consuming contaminated live prey Chironomus riparius larvae previously exposed to microplastics of polyurethane (PU-MPs; 7-9 μm in size; 375 mg PU-MPs/kg). After the feeding period (3 h), planarians consumed 20 % more contaminated prey than uncontaminated prey, probably related to increased curling/uncurling movements of larvae (that might be more appellative to planarians). Histological analysis revealed planarians' limited intake of PU-MPs, mainly detected near the pharynx. The consumption of contaminated prey (and intake of PU-MPs) did not result in oxidative damage but slightly increased the aerobic metabolism and energy reserves which show that the consumption of more prey was sufficient to cope with the potential adverse effects of internalized MPs. Moreover, no effects were observed in the locomotion of planarians in good agreement with the hypothesis of sufficient energy acquired by the exposed planarians. Despite the previous, it seems that the energy acquired was not allocated for planarians' regeneration since a significant delay in the regeneration of the auricles was observed for planarians feeding on contaminated prey. Therefore, further studies should be performed considering the potential long-term effects (i.e., reproduction/fitness) and the effects of MPs that might result from continuous feeding on contaminated prey, representing a more realistic exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A M Silva
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana C Prata
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), 3810-193 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Słoczyńska K, Orzeł J, Murzyn A, Popiół J, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Pękala E. Antidepressant pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems, individual-level ecotoxicological effects: growth, survival and behavior. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106554. [PMID: 37167880 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing consumption of antidepressant pharmaceuticals has resulted in their widespread occurrence in the environment, particularly in waterways with a typical concentration range from ng L-1 to μg L-1. An increasing number of studies have confirmed the ecotoxic potency of antidepressants, not only at high concentrations but also at environmentally relevant levels. The present review covers literature from the last decade on the individual-level ecotoxicological effects of the most commonly used antidepressants, including their impact on behavior, growth, and survival. We focus on the relationship between antidepressants physico-chemical properties and dynamics in the environment. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of considering behavioral changes as sensitive endpoints in ecotoxicology, as well as some current methodological shortcomings in the field, including low standardization, reproducibility and context-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Justyna Orzeł
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Murzyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Hernández Martínez SA, Melchor-Martínez EM, González-González RB, Sosa-Hernández JE, Araújo RG, Rodríguez-Hernández JA, Barceló D, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Environmental concerns and bioaccumulation of psychiatric drugs in water bodies - Conventional versus biocatalytic systems of mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115892. [PMID: 37084948 PMCID: PMC10114359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought increments in market sales and prescription of medicines commonly used to treat mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and related problems. The increasing use of these drugs, named psychiatric drugs, has led to their persistence in aquatic systems (bioaccumulation), since they are recalcitrant to conventional physical and chemical treatments typically used in wastewater treatment plants. An emerging environmental concern caused by the bioaccumulation of psychiatric drugs has been attributed to the potential ecological and toxicological risk that these medicines might have over human health, animals, and plants. Thus, by the application of biocatalysis-assisted techniques, it is possible to efficiently remove psychiatric drugs from water. Biocatalysis, is a widely employed and highly efficient process implemented in the biotransformation of a wide range of contaminants, since it has important differences in terms of catalytic behavior, compared to common treatment techniques, including photodegradation, Fenton, and thermal treatments, among others. Moreover, it is noticed the importance to monitor transformation products of degradation and biodegradation, since according to the applied removal technique, different toxic transformation products have been reported to appear after the application of physical and chemical procedures. In addition, this work deals with the discussion of differences existing between high- and low-income countries, according to their environmental regulations regarding waste management policies, especially waste of the drug industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Rafael G Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Cientific i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H(2)O, Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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8
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Hendawi EK, Khabour OF, Al-Eitan LN, Alzoubi KH. Reduction of Genotoxicity of Carbamazepine to Human Lymphocytes by Pre-treatment with Vitamin B12. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:228-233. [PMID: 35450538 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220420135924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbamazepine (CBZ) is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug. Vitamin B12 has been shown to protect against DNA damage caused by several mutagenic agents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on CBZ-induced genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes. METHODS Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) genotoxic assays were utilized to achieve the study objective. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher frequencies of CAs and SCEs in the CBZ-treated cultures (12 μg/mL) compared to the control group (P<0.01). The genotoxic effects of CBZ were reduced by pre-treatment of cultures with vitamin B12 (13.5μg/ml, P<0.05). Neither CBZ nor vitamin B-12 showed any effects on mitotic and proliferative indices. CONCLUSION CBZ is genotoxic to lymphocyte cells, and this genotoxicity can be reduced by vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman K Hendawi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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9
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Xie C, Li X, Guo Z, Dong Y, Zhang S, Li A, Ma S, Xu J, Pang Q, Peijnenburg WJGM, Lynch I, Zhang P. Graphene oxide disruption of homeostasis and regeneration processes in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica via intracellular redox deviation and apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114431. [PMID: 36521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic system is a major sink for engineered nanomaterials released into the environment. Here, we assessed the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) using the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica, an invertebrate model that has been widely used for studying the effects of toxins on tissue regeneration and neuronal development. GO not only impaired the growth of normal (homeostatic) worms, but also inhibited the regeneration processes of regenerating (amputated) worms, with LC10 values of 9.86 mg/L and 9.32 mg/L for the 48-h acute toxicity test, respectively. High concentration (200 mg/L) of GO killed all the worms after 3 (regenerating) or 4 (homeostasis) days of exposure. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and immunofluorescence analyses suggest GO impaired stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and subsequently caused cell apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage during planarian regeneration. Mechanistic analysis suggests that GO disturbed the antioxidative system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and energy metabolism in the planarian at both molecular and genetic levels, thus causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) over accumulation and oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity, lack of energy supply for cell differentiation and proliferation leading to retardance of neuron regeneration. The intrinsic oxidative potential of GO contributes to the GO-induced toxicity in planarians. These data suggest that GO in aquatic systems can cause oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in planarians. Overall, regenerated tissues are more sensitive to GO toxicity than homeostatic ones, suggesting that careful handling and appropriate decisions are needed in the application of GO to achieve healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Xie
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yuling Dong
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Ma
- Zibo Environment Monitoring Center, Zibo 25500, Shandong, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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10
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Diaz-Camal N, Cardoso-Vera JD, Islas-Flores H, Gómez-Oliván LM, Mejía-García A. Consumption and ocurrence of antidepressants (SSRIs) in pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, their environmental impact and innovative removal methods: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154656. [PMID: 35318057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are pharmaceuticals whose consumption has increased significantly. They are prescribed as first-line treatment in mental disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and anxiety; also, they are indicated as adjuvants in diseases such as fibromyalgia and bulimia nervosa. In addition to being linked to the illegal market to be consumed as recreational drugs. The relevance of this review lies in the fact that worldwide consumption has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the depression and anxiety that originated in the population. As a consequence of this increase in consumption, concentrations of SSRIs in the environment have increased, and these have become a relevant issue for toxicologists due to the effects that they could generate in different organisms, both aquatic and terrestrial. For this reason, the objective of this article was to do a critical evaluation of the existing data on the characteristics and physicochemical properties of SSRIs, consumption data during the COVID-19 pandemic, its occurrence in the environment and the reports of toxic effects that have been generated in different organisms; we also conclude with an updated review of different methods that have been used for their removal. With this analysis, it can be concluded that, despite SSRIs are pharmaceutical products widely studied since their launching to the market, still currently under investigation to clarify their mechanisms of action to understand the different effects on the organisms, adverse reactions, as well as possible toxicological effects on non-target organisms. On the other hand, it has been proven that although it is already possible to eliminate a significant percentage of SSRIs in the laboratory, due to their physicochemical characteristics and their behavior in complex mixtures in the environment, they have not yet been eradicated, showing a persistence in the soil, subsoil and surface waters of the entire planet that may represent a future risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidya Diaz-Camal
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mejía-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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11
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Dornelas ASP, de Jesus Ferreira JS, Silva LCR, de Souza Saraiva A, Cavallini GS, Gravato CAS, da Maia Soares AMV, Almeida Sarmento R. The sexual reproduction of the nontarget planarian Girardia tigrina is affected by ecologically relevant concentrations of difenoconazole: new sensitive tools in ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27095-27103. [PMID: 34981389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide difenoconazole, widely used to reduce the negative impacts of fungi diseases on areas with intensive farming, can reach freshwater systems causing deleterious effects on nontarget organisms. The acute and chronic toxicity of a commercial formulation containing 250 g L-1 of difenoconazole (Prisma®) as the active ingredient was assessed in the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The endpoints evaluated were feeding rate, locomotion, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. The estimated 48 h LC50 of the commercial formulation on planarians expressed as the concentration of the active ingredient difenoconazole was 47.5 mg a.i.L-1. A significant decrease of locomotion (LOEC = 18.56 mg a.i.L-1), delayed regeneration (LOEC = 9.28 mg a.i.L-1), and sexual reproduction impairment, i.e., decreased fecundity and fertility rates (LOEC ≤ 1.16 mg a.i.L-1) were observed on planarians exposed to sublethal concentrations of the formulation. This study demonstrated the importance of using reproductive, physiological, and behavioral parameters as more sensitive and complementary tools to assess the deleterious effects induced by a commercial formulation of difenoconazole on a nontarget freshwater organism. The added value and importance of our research work, namely, the impairment of sexual reproduction of planarians, contributes to the development of useful tools for ecotoxicology and highlights the fact that those tools should be developed as guidelines for testing of chemicals. Our results showed that the use of reproductive parameters of Girardia tigrina would help to complement and achieve a better assessment of the risk posed by triazole fungicides to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Joel Santiago de Jesus Ferreira
- Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Laila Cristina Rezende Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas E Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos, Goiás, 73840-000, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
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12
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Fluoxetine-induced neurotoxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations in adult zebrafish Danio rerio. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:121-129. [PMID: 35304135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) exerts its therapeutic effect by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Nonetheless, at high concentrations of this drug, adverse effects occur in the brain of exposed organisms. Bearing this into account, the objective of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of the fluoxetine through the evaluation of behavior (Novel tank test), determination of oxidative stress, and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in adult zebrafish Danio rerio. For this purpose, Danio rerio adults were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations (5, 10, 16ngL-1) of FLX for 96h. Our results demonstrate fish presented a significant disruption in their behavior, as they remained long-lasting time frozen at the top of the tank. Since we observed a significant reduction of AChE activity in the brain of fish, we believe the above described anxiety-like state is the result of this enzyme impairment. Moreover, as FLX-exposed fish showed a significant increase in the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, we suggest this AChE disruption is associated with the oxidative stress response fish exhibited. Based on our findings, we believe the environmentally relevant concentration of FLX alters the redox status of the brain, impairing this way the behavior of fish and making them more vulnerable to predation.
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13
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Silva LCR, Dornelas ASP, de Souza Saraiva A, Gravato C, Pestana JLT, da Maia Soares AMV, Sarmento RA. Do bio-insecticides affect only insect species? Behavior, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of a non-target freshwater planarian. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10665-10674. [PMID: 34528200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bio-insecticides have been increasingly used worldwide as ecofriendly alternatives to pesticides, but data on their effects in non-target freshwater organisms is still scarce and limited to insects. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the bio-insecticides Bac Control (based on Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki-Btk) and Boveril (based on Beauveria bassiana-Bb) on regeneration, behavioral, and reproductive endpoints of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The estimated LC50-48h were > 800 mg a.i./L for Btk and 60.74 mg a.i./L for Bb. In addition, exposure to Btk significantly decreased locomotion and feeding activities of planarians (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 12.5 mg a.i./L Btk) and fecundity rate (LOEC = 3.12 mg a.i./L Btk), whereas exposure to Bb significantly delayed regeneration (LOEC = 0.75 mg a.i./L Bb) and decreased fecundity rate (1.5 mg a.i./L Bb) of planarians. Thus, both bio-insecticides induced deleterious sub-lethal effects on a non-insect freshwater invertebrate species. However, only Bb-based formulation affected the survival, fecundity rate, and regeneration at concentrations below the maximum predicted environmental concentration (PEC = 247 mg/L). Thus, care should be taken when using such formulations as alternatives to chemical insecticides near aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Cristina Rezende Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), 73840-000, Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências and CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Luís Teixeira Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Mortágua Velho da Maia Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
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14
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Castillo-Zacarías C, Barocio ME, Hidalgo-Vázquez E, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Arroyo L, López-Pacheco IY, Barceló D, Iqbal HNM, Parra-Saldívar R. Antidepressant drugs as emerging contaminants: Occurrence in urban and non-urban waters and analytical methods for their detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143722. [PMID: 33221013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are drugs with a direct action on the brain's biochemistry through their interaction with the neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The increasing worldwide contamination from these drugs may be witnessed through their increasing presence in the urban water cycle. Furthermore, their occurrence has been detected in non-urban water, such as rivers and oceans. Some endemic aquatic animals, such as certain fish and mollusks, have bioaccumulated different antidepressant drugs in their tissues. This problem will increase in the years to come because the present COVID-19 pandemic has increased the general worldwide occurrence of depression and anxiety, triggering the consumption of antidepressants and, consequently, their presence in the environment. This work provides information on the occurrence of the most administrated antidepressants in urban waters, wastewater treatment plants, rivers, and oceans. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the analytical approaches currently used to detect each antidepressant presented. Finally, the ecotoxicological effect of antidepressants on several in vivo models are listed. Considering the information provided in this review, there is an urgent need to test the presence of antidepressant members of the MAOI and TCA groups. Furthermore, incorporating new degradation/immobilization technologies in WWTPs will be useful to stop the increasing occurrence of these drugs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario E Barocio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Lizeth Parra-Arroyo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Water Research, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hafiz N M Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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15
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Calza P, Jiménez-Holgado C, Coha M, Chrimatopoulos C, Dal Bello F, Medana C, Sakkas V. Study of the photoinduced transformations of sertraline in aqueous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143805. [PMID: 33310221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the photoinduced degradation of the antidepressant drug sertraline under artificial solar radiation was examined. Photolysis was studied under different experimental conditions to explore its photolytic fate in the aqueous environment. Photolytic degradation kinetics were carried out in ultrapure water, wastewater effluent, as well as in the presence of dissolved organic matter (humic acids), bicarbonate and nitrate ions which enabled their assessment on sertraline photo-transformation. The reaction of sertraline with photoactive compounds accelerated sertraline transformation in comparison with direct photolysis. Moreover, TiO2-mediated photocatalytic degradation of sertraline was investigated, and focus was placed on the identification of by-products. As expected, photocatalysis was extremely effective for sertraline degradation. Photocatalytic degradation proceeded through the formation of forty-four transformation products identified by HPLC-HRMS and after 240 min of irradiation total mineralization was achieved. Microtox bioassay (Vibrio fischeri) was employed to assess the ecotoxicity of the photocatalysis-treated solutions and results have indicated that sertraline photo-transformation proceeds through the formation of toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Holgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Ioannina 45 110, Greece
| | - Marco Coha
- Department of Chemistry, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Christoforos Chrimatopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Ioannina 45 110, Greece
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vasilios Sakkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Ioannina 45 110, Greece.
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16
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Dornelas ASP, Sarmento RA, Saraiva AS, Barbosa RS, Vieira MM, Gravato C, Soares AMVM. Effects of two biopesticides and salt on behaviour, regeneration and sexual reproduction of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124089. [PMID: 33049628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial insecticides are being used as ecologically-friendly alternatives to traditional insecticides. However, their effects have been poorly investigated on non-target freshwater species, with exception of a few insect species. Moreover, combined effects of microbial insecticides with other environmental stressors, such as salinity, have never been investigated. Thus, our goal was to assess the effects of Bac-Control® (based in Bacillus thuringiensis - Btk) and Boveril® (based in Beauveria bassiana - Bb) with increasing salinities (NaCl) on freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. It has been reported that increased salinity levels affect freshwater organisms compromising their survival by triggering adaptation processes to cope with osmotic stress. Our results showed delayed regeneration, decreased locomotion and feeding on planarians exposed to NaCl, whereas their sexual reproduction was not affected. Both microbial insecticides impaired feeding, locomotor activity, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. Planarians exposed to microbial insecticides compromised their progeny. Therefore, microbial insecticides might not be ecologically friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides. Interestingly, harmful effects of microbial insecticides with increasing salinities showed an inadequate response of planarians to cope with induction of their immune response and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S P Dornelas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Althiéris S Saraiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Campos Belos (Laboratório de Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Campos Belos, 73840-000 Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rone S Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Mayane M Vieira
- Curso de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 77410-530 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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17
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Simão FCP, Gravato C, Machado AL, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene on the reproduction and newborn morphology and behavior of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128448. [PMID: 33032223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants of aquatic ecosystems. Because they are persistent, there is great potential for chronic toxicity to aquatic species, and the evaluation of reproductive effects is fundamental. In this context, planarians are interesting experimental animals, since they can be sensitive to environmental pollutants, and a wide range of reproductive-related endpoints can be assessed. In this work we evaluated fecundity (number of cocoons), fertility (number of newborns), newborn anomalies, adult weight, regenerative abilities and PAH-residues in tissues of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina, exposed to either pyrene or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Pyrene reduced planarian fecundity and fertility at 18.75 μg L-1 and 75.00 μg L-1, while B[a]P reduced planarian fecundity at the 37.50 μg L-1 treatment, which was accompanied by a 33.7% reduction in fertility. Cocoons were kept in clean media and newborns were evaluated for behavioral and morphological anomalies. Many of the newborns resulting from the B[a]P experiment revealed behavioral anomalies, such as spasms and uncoordinated movements. These behavioral anomalies were observed in 12.9% and 38.2% of newborns resulting from the exposure of adult planarians to 9.38 μg L-1 and 37.50 μg L-1 of B[a]P, respectively. This study is the first report on the effects of PAHs in freshwater planarians' sexual reproduction and a decreased reproductive output was evidenced. Moreover, the exposure of adults to B[a]P lead to defects in newborns, raising concern on the possible long-term consequences of these compounds for natural planarian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C P Simão
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Yan S, Chen R, Wang M, Zha J. Carbamazepine at environmentally relevant concentrations caused DNA damage and apoptosis in the liver of Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) by the Ras/Raf/ERK/p53 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116245. [PMID: 33359871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To assess genetoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of carbamazepine (CBZ) toxicity in fish, adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 μg/L CBZ for 28 d. Comet assays indicated that hepatic DNA damage was significantly increased in groups of minnows exposed to CBZ at all concentrations in a dose-dependent manner compared to those of the control groups (p < 0.05). Liver levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were significantly increased at 10 and 100 μg/L CBZ (p < 0.05). TUNEL assays indicated that the average apoptotic rates of the livers of female and male minnows were significantly increased following exposure to CBZ at all concentrations for 28 d (p < 0.05). Significant increases in caspase 3 and 9 activities after CBZ exposure at all concentrations and caspase 8 at 10 and 100 μg/L CBZ exposure reflected the presence of mitochondrial apoptosis (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of gadd45a, mdm2, casp3 and casp9 in female and male minnows exposed to CBZ at all concentrations were significantly increased compared with those in the control groups (p < 0.05). Significant increases in the levels of p21 in female minnows exposed to 1 and 100 μg/L CBZ, p53 in female minnows at all CBZ treatments and bcl2 in male minnows exposed to 1 and 100 μg/L CBZ were observed, indicating p53 pathway activation. The inhibition of ras levels in females and males exposed to CBZ at all concentrations and increased levels of raf1 in males exposed to CBZ at all concentrations indicated Ras/Raf1/MAPK (ERK) activation. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that CBZ at environmentally relevant levels induces DNA damage and apoptosis in Chinese rare minnows by the Ras/Raf/ERK/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Miao Wang
- China Machinery International Engineering Design and Research Institute, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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19
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Abstract
Freshwater planarians are free-living flatworms known for their regenerative ability. Being easily cultured under laboratory conditions, they are recognized test model organisms in regeneration, developmental biology, and neuropharmacological research. Also, they have been recently employed in toxicity testing where they displayed an array of sensitive and reliable responses to environmental stressors. Here, we outline simple and easy-to-follow protocols to evaluate effects of environmental contaminants and other stressors on survival, behavior (feeding and locomotor activity), and regeneration of freshwater planarians. These endpoints are comparable with responses of well-established ecotoxicological model species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pearl Ugochi Ofoegbu
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Nigeria
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20
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Ahmadimanesh M, Abbaszadegan MR, Hedayati N, Yazdian-Robati R, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. A Systematic Review on the Genotoxic Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:115-124. [PMID: 33725349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder and a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a common disorder that has been associated with several medical comorbidities often linked with aging, such as dementia, type II diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as metabolic syndrome. There are a variety of medications available for depression treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the antidepressant drug classes that are most widely used to treat depressive disorders and depressive symptoms in other diseases. Due to many contradictory findings on the adverse effects and toxicities of SSRIs (especially genotoxicities), we reviewed the genotoxic effects of these drugs. Based on the guidelines proposed in the PRISMA statement, we performed a systematic review by searching international electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to find the published documents on SSRIs and their genotoxic effects from January 1990 to November 2019. After the removal of 203 duplicate articles, 385 articles were screened and 167 articles met the inclusion criteria and qualified for evaluation of their full texts. After this, 26 articles were appropriate for final review. This revealed that the proportion of genotoxicities was highest for citalopram and fluoxetine, with a smaller proportion for sertraline. Limited documentations showed genotoxic and partial genotoxic effects for paroxetine and escitalopram, respectively. Although a number of studies have found genotoxic effects of SSRIs, there are also some factors including doses, duration of exposure, model of experiments, and the type of technique assay that may affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Hedayati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Gravato C, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Simão FCP, Soares AMVM. Strategies of cellular energy allocation to cope with paraquat-induced oxidative stress: Chironomids vs Planarians and the importance of using different species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140443. [PMID: 32887009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is still used in several countries worldwide as an herbicide for weed control in agricultural production, ponds, reservoirs and irrigation canals. Thus, PQ is frequently found in surface water systems and is potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, since it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction altering in the redox state of cells. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of PQ to Chironomus riparius and Girardia tigrina, and compare their physiological strategies to cope with environmental stress. The mean emergence time was the most sensitive endpoint for Chironomids, with the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) being 0.02 for males and 0.1 mg PQ L-1 for females. Moreover, PQ reduced the body weight of male and female imagoes, with LOECs of 0.5 and 2.5 mg PQ L-1, respectively. Paraquat also decreased the respiration rate (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) and total glutathione (tGSH) content (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1). Thus, the aerobic production of energy was not affected and allowed chironomids to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ, but with consequent physiological costs in terms of development rates and weight of adults. In planarians, PQ decreased the locomotion and feeding activity, and delayed photoreceptor regeneration (LOECs = 2.5 mg PQ L-1 for all endpoints). Despite increased aerobic energy production (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1), planarians were not able to cope with oxidative stress induced by the highest PQ concentrations, since lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) concomitantly with a significant decrease of tGSH (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1). These results showed that planarians were unable to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ with consequent impairments of behavior and regeneration despite an increased aerobic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Goiano - Campus Campos Belos, 73840-000 Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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22
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García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Gómez-Oliván LM, Torres-Bezaury RMDC, Islas-Flores H, Gasca-Pérez E. The relationship between cyto-genotoxic damage and oxidative stress produced by emerging pollutants on a bioindicator organism (Allium cepa): The carbamazepine case. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126675. [PMID: 32278918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most frequently detected anticonvulsant drugs in water bodies. Although there are reports of its ecotoxicological effects in the scientific literature, toxicity studies have not focused on establishing the mechanism by which CBZ produces its effect at environmentally relevant concentrations. The objective of this work was to evaluate cyto-genotoxicity and its relationship with oxidative stress produced by carbamazepine in the Allium cepa model. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, as well as the biomarkers of oxidative stress were analyzed in the roots of A. cepa, exposed to 1 and 31.36 μg L-1 after 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The results show that genotoxic capacity of this drug in the roots of A. cepa is related to the generation of oxidative stress, in particular with production of hydroperoxides and oxidized proteins. Also, the cytotoxic effect has a high correlation with DNA damage. The results of the present study clearly indicate that bioassays with sensitive plants such as A. cepa are useful and complementary tools to evaluate the environmental impact of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, AV. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, AV. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalía María Del Consuelo Torres-Bezaury
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, AV. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Eloy Gasca-Pérez
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, AV. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico; Cátedra CONACYT, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, AV. Wilfrido Massieu S/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo., Ciudad de México, CP, 07700, Mexico
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23
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Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs, targeting serotonin transport, are widely used. A puzzling and biomedically important phenomenon concerns the persistent sexual dysfunction following SSRI use seen in some patients. What could be the mechanism of a persistent physiological state brought on by a transient exposure to serotonin transport blockers? In this study, we briefly review the clinical facts concerning this side effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suggest a possible mechanism. Bioelectric circuits (among neural or non-neural cells) could persistently maintain alterations of bioelectric cell properties (resting potential), resulting in long-term changes in electrophysiology and signaling. We present new data revealing this phenomenon in planarian flatworms, in which brief SSRI exposures induce long-lasting changes in resting potential profile. We also briefly review recent data linking neurotransmitter signaling to developmental bioelectrics. Further study of tissue bioelectric memory could enable the design of ionoceutical interventions to counteract side effects of SSRIs and similar drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Healy
- Hergest Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales
| | - Joshua LaPalme
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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24
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Neuparth T, Lopes AI, Alves N, Oliveira JMA, Santos MM. Does the antidepressant sertraline show chronic effects on aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations? A case study with the keystone amphipod, Gammarus locusta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109486. [PMID: 31377518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of Sertraline (SER) as antidepressant and its consequent presence in the aquatic environment is raising concern about the chronic effects of this pharmaceutical to aquatic organisms. As the current concentrations of SER in surface waters are typically in the low ng/L range, acute toxicity is unlikely to occur. However, prolonged exposure to low concentrations of SER may lead to sub-lethal effects in aquatic organisms, including alterations in important physiological functions like growth, reproduction, behaviour, and also in key biochemical processes, such as those associated with neurotransmission and redox balance. To test this hypothesis, we selected the amphipod Gammarus locusta, a keystone species used in ecotoxicological hazard assessment. In the present study, juveniles' G. locusta from a permanent laboratory culture were chronically exposed to low concentrations of SER (8-1000 ng/L) in a bioassay that lasted for 48 days, allowing for a life-cycle study including effects on reproduction. At the lowest SER concentrations with environmental relevance (8, 40 and 200 ng/L) we detected no significant changes in key ecological endpoints such as survival, growth, reproduction and movement behaviour, or in any of the biochemical markers analysed. However, at 1000 ng/L SER (a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments) females showed a significant increase in movement versus control, whereas no activity changes were observed in males. Overall, these findings indicate that G. locusta females are potentially more susceptible to the chronic effects of SER. Moreover, the current environmental SER concentrations are unlikely to affect amphipod's ecological endpoints because only SER concentrations higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments produced effects on the behaviour of G. locusta females. However, the increasing consumption of SER, highlights the importance of monitoring its chronic risk to the aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nelson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Towards High-Throughput Chemobehavioural Phenomics in Neuropsychiatric Drug Discovery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060340. [PMID: 31174272 PMCID: PMC6627923 DOI: 10.3390/md17060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel marine-derived neuroactive chemicals with therapeutic potential is difficult due to inherent complexities of the central nervous system (CNS), our limited understanding of the molecular foundations of neuro-psychiatric conditions, as well as the limited applications of effective high-throughput screening models that recapitulate functionalities of the intact CNS. Furthermore, nearly all neuro-modulating chemicals exhibit poorly characterized pleiotropic activities often referred to as polypharmacology. The latter renders conventional target-based in vitro screening approaches very difficult to accomplish. In this context, chemobehavioural phenotyping using innovative small organism models such as planarians and zebrafish represent powerful and highly integrative approaches to study the impact of new chemicals on central and peripheral nervous systems. In contrast to in vitro bioassays aimed predominantly at identification of chemicals acting on single targets, phenotypic chemobehavioural analysis allows for complex multi-target interactions to occur in combination with studies of polypharmacological effects of chemicals in a context of functional and intact milieu of the whole organism. In this review, we will outline recent advances in high-throughput chemobehavioural phenotyping and provide a future outlook on how those innovative methods can be utilized for rapidly screening and characterizing marine-derived compounds with prospective applications in neuropharmacology and psychosomatic medicine.
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26
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Ofoegbu PU, Campos D, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Combined effects of NaCl and fluoxetine on the freshwater planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea (Platyhelminthes: Dugesiidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11326-11335. [PMID: 30798496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing salinity levels in freshwaters due to natural and anthropogenic sources pose risk to exposed aquatic organisms. However, there is a paucity of information on how salinity may influence the effects of other chemical stressors especially psychiatric pharmaceuticals. Freshwater planarians which have been suggested as bioindicator species in aquatic habitats were used in this study to evaluate toxic effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) used here as a surrogate for increasing salinity, and its influence on the effects of the antidepressant, fluoxetine. Effects of NaCl on Schmidtea mediterranea were evaluated using survival, regeneration, locomotion, feeding, and reproduction as endpoints. Subsequently, combined effects of NaCl and fluoxetine on planarians' locomotion and reproduction were also evaluated. Result showed that exposure to increased NaCl concentrations is toxic to planarians with 48 and 96 h LC50 of 9.15 and 7.55 g NaCl L-1 respectively and exposure to sub-lethal concentrations led to reductions in feeding (LOEC of 0.75 g NaCl L-1 or 1906 μS cm-1 at 20 °C) and reproduction (LOEC 3.0 g NaCl L-1 or 5530 μS cm-1 at 20 °C), delayed head regeneration (LOEC of 1.5 g NaCl L-1 or 3210 μS cm-1 at 20 °C), and also slight decreases in locomotor activity. Moreover, some developmental malformations were observed in regenerating planarians, as well as delayed or inhibition of wound healing and degeneration after fissioning and during head regeneration. A significant interaction between fluoxetine and NaCl was observed for locomotor activity and unlike planarians exposed to fluoxetine alone, fissioned planarians and their pieces from the combined exposure treatments were also unable to regenerate missing portions. Results show that S. mediterranea can be highly sensitive to low NaCl concentrations and that this stressor can alter the effects of fluoxetine. The implication of these effects for planarian populations in the natural habitat is discussed as well as the need for more research on the effects of neuroactive pharmaceuticals under relevant exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl U Ofoegbu
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
| | - Diana Campos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joāo L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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27
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García-Espinoza JD, Mijaylova Nacheva P. Effect of electrolytes on the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole, propranolol and carbamazepine: behaviors, by-products and acute toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6855-6867. [PMID: 30635885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of supporting electrolytes on the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of the pharmaceuticals sulfamethoxazole (SMX), propranolol (PRO), and carbamazepine (CBZ) in aqueous solutions has been studied. Based on the identified by-products, the degradation mechanisms were proposed and the acute toxicity was evaluated for each electrolyte. Assays were carried out in batch mode in a 2 L undivided reactor using a niobium coated with boron-doped diamond (Nb/BDD) mesh anode and Ti cathode at 2.5 A in presence of different supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaCl, or NaBr) at the same concentration of 7 mM. The degradation rates were higher in the assays with NaCl and NaBr. Reaction by-products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Indirect oxidation by electrogenerated reactive halogen species (RHS) was the main mechanism when halide ions were used as electrolytes. Ten by-products were detected using Na2SO4 as electrolyte, while 19 (12 non-halogenated and 7 halogenated) and 20 (10 non-halogenated and 10 halogenated) using NaCl and NaBr respectively. The proposed degradation pathways involve transformation (hydroxylation, deamination, desulfonation, and halogenation) and bond rupture to produce less molecular weight compounds and their further transformation until total degradation. Chlorinated and brominated by-products confirm halogenation reactions. The electrogenerated RHS presented a significant inhibition effect on Vibrio fischeri; nevertheless, acute toxicity was not presented using Na2SO4 as electrolyte and a pharmaceutical concentration of 5 μg/L. In this view, the role of the supporting electrolyte in electrochemical oxidation process is crucial since it strongly influence degradation rate, by-products, and acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García-Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Campus IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Petia Mijaylova Nacheva
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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