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Zheng H, Csemezová J, Loomans M, Walker S, Gauvin F, Zeiler W. Species profile of volatile organic compounds emission and health risk assessment from typical indoor events in daycare centers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170734. [PMID: 38325455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Daycare centers (DCCs) play an instrumental role in early childhood development, making them a significant indoor environment for a large number of children globally. Amidst routine DCC activities, young children are exposed to a myriad of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), potentially impacting their health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the VOC emissions during typical DCCs activities and evaluate respective health risk assessments. Employing a full-scale experimental setup within a well-controlled climate chamber, research was conducted into VOC emissions during three typical DCC events: arts-and-crafts (painting, gluing, modeling), cleaning, and sleeping activities tied to mattresses. The research identified 96 distinct VOCs, grouped into twelve categories, from 20 different events examined. Each event exhibited a unique VOC fingerprint, pinpointing potential source tracers. Also, significant variations in VOC emissions from different events were demonstrated. For instance, under cool & dry conditions, acrylic painting recorded high total VOC concentrations of 808 μg/m3, whereas poster painting showed only 58 μg/m3. Given these disparities, the study emphasizes the critical need for carefully selecting arts-and-crafts materials and cleaning agents in DCCs to effectively reduce VOC exposure. It suggests ventilating new mattresses before use and regular mattress check-ups to mitigate VOCs exposure during naps. Importantly, it revealed that certain events resulted in VOC levels exceeding the 10-5 cancer risk thresholds for younger children. Specifically, tetrachloroethylene and styrene from used mattresses in cool & dry conditions, ethylene oxide from new mattresses in warm & humid conditions, and styrene, during sand modeling in both conditions, were the key compounds contributing to this risk. These findings highlight the critical need for age-specific health risk assessments in DCCs. This study highlights the significance of understanding the profiles of VOC emissions from indoor events in DCCs, emphasizing potential health implications and laying a solid foundation for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Júlia Csemezová
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Loomans
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Shalika Walker
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Florent Gauvin
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Zeiler
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Han L, Fan Y, Chen R, Zhai Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Xia L. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining Soils Based on Fractions: A Case Study in Southern Shaanxi, China. TOXICS 2023; 11:997. [PMID: 38133398 PMCID: PMC10748273 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With rapid economic development, soil heavy metal (HM) pollution has emerged as a global environmental concern. Because the toxicity of HMs differs dramatically among various fractions, risk assessments based on these fractions are of great significance for environmental management. This study employed a modified Hakanson index approach to evaluate the possible ecological impacts of soil HMs in a gold mine tailings pond in Shaanxi Province, China. A modified Hakanson-Monte Carlo model was built to perform a probabilistic risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) the exceedance rates of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) were 68.75% and 93.75%, respectively. Moreover, the overall concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were higher than the background soil environmental values in China. (2) HMs with the lowest oxidizable fraction were mostly present in the residual fraction. The oxidizable portions of Cr, Cu, and Pb and the reducible and residual fractions of As were notably distinct. (3) The risk degrees of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were low; those of As and Pb were very high and moderate; and the comprehensive ecological hazard index was very high. This study offers a solid scientific foundation for ecological risk notification and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yamin Fan
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Yunmeng Zhai
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Risheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Longfei Xia
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
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Le TM, Le Quang H, Tran AH, Quang MB, Vu ND, Thi HN, Khanh HV, Kannan K, Tran TM. Co-occurrence of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) in fine particulate matter (PM 0.5 and PM 0.1) collected from an industrial area in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117018. [PMID: 37657605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Distribution patterns of 10 phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and four cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM0.1 and PM0.5) collected from Bac Ninh, an industrial province in Vietnam during September-October in 2021. Total concentrations of PAEs found in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of 1.76-372 (median: 34.0 ng/m3) and 2.23-895 ng/m3 (median: 15.4 ng/m3), respectively. Among PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was the most abundant compound found in PM0.1, whereas, di-2-(ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest concentration in PM0.5. Total concentrations of cVMSs measured in PM0.1 and PM0.5 were in the ranges of method quantification limit (MQL)-203 (median: 2.10 ng/m3) and MQL-537 ng/m3 (median: 0.389 ng/m3), respectively. Among cVMSs, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in both PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions of particulate matter. The concentration ratios between PAEs and cVMSs in PM0.1/PM0.5 were greater than 1 (except di-n-octyl phthalate: DnOP), suggesting that these chemicals tend to sorb to PM0.1 more preferentially than PM0.5. Among sampling locations, high concentrations of PAEs and cVMSs were found at traffic intersections (Que Vo district) and a craft village (Tu Son city). Relatively stronger correlations existed between cVMSs pairs in PM0.1 and PM0.5 (correlation coefficient: 0.73-1) than those of PAEs (-0.83-0.90). The human exposure doses to PAEs and cVMSs through inhalation of particulate matter were estimated based on the measured concentrations in PM0.1 and PM0.5 fractions. The estimated exposure doses of PAEs and cVMSs for infants (7.1 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.5 ng/kg-bw/d) were higher than those for adults (2.6 ng/kg-bw/d and 0.9 ng/kg-bw/d).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Le Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Hai Tran
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Bui Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Nguyen Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoa Vu Khanh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam.
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Maes T, Preston-Whyte F, Lavelle S, Gomiero A, Booth AM, Belzunce-Segarra MJ, Bellas J, Brooks S, Bakir A, Devriese LI, Pham CK, De Witte B. A recipe for plastic: Expert insights on plastic additives in the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115633. [PMID: 37864860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of plastic products had been steadily increasing over the years, leading to more plastic waste entering the environment. Plastic pollution is ubiquitous and comes in many types and forms. To enhance or modify their properties, chemical additives are added to plastic items during manufacturing. The presence and leakage of these additives, from managed and mismanaged plastic waste, into the environment are of growing concern. In this study, we gauged, via an online questionnaire, expert knowledge on the use, characteristics, monitoring and risks of plastic additives to the marine environment. We analysed the survey results against actual data to identify and prioritise risks and gaps. Participants also highlighted key factors for future consideration, including gaining a deeper understanding of the use and types of plastic additives, how they leach throughout the entire lifecycle, their toxicity, and the safety of alternative options. More extensive chemical regulation and an evaluation of the essentiality of their use should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maes
- GRID-Arendal, Teaterplassen 3, 4836 Arendal, Norway.
| | | | | | - Alessio Gomiero
- NORCE Climate and Environment dep, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain
| | - Steven Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adil Bakir
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Lisa I Devriese
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Christopher Kim Pham
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar - OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Bavo De Witte
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Marine Research (ILVO-Marine), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
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Zhang T, Kang W, Ge X, Lin Q, Chen Q, Yu Y, An T. Explication on distribution patterns of volatile organic compounds in petro-chemistry and oil refineries of China using a species-transport model and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160707. [PMID: 36493815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial emissions have attracted great attention due to their negative effects on human, but there is lack of deterministic air quality model for VOC emissions. In this study, airborne VOCs from a typical petrochemical and oil refinery region, Lanzhou, Gansu province of China, were on-site measured. The regional pollution patterns were investigated using a species transport model and the health risks were evaluated. The spatial distribution of VOCs showed that 87.5 % of the airborne VOCs were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene having higher concentration (146 μg/m3) in the north direction oil refinery industrial areas. The concentrations of toluene and benzene were as high as 41.5 and 33.3 μg/m3 in the 4 km2 area away from the petrochemical emission source, respectively, and the concentration of o-/m + p-xylene was up to 79.7 μg/m3. Based on the measured concentration data, the numerical results showed that the accumulation of high concentration of VOC species by mass transfer in the region is related to the atmospheric diffusion driven by downward-moving air over the valley areas. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments showed that airborne benzene exposure had acceptable hazard quotient of 0.185 for adults, which was 1.8 times of children's (0.102), whereas it was found that a high carcinogenic risk (>10-4) from benzene in several sampling sites and diffuse distance become significant for carcinogenic risk. This study verified the effectiveness of VOC atmospheric diffusion model through a large number of on-site monitoring data, providing data support for model-based risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, PR China
| | - Wei Kang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Zhao F, Li L, Lin P, Chen Y, Xing S, Du H, Wang Z, Yang J, Huan T, Long C, Zhang L, Wang B, Fang M. HExpPredict: In Vivo Exposure Prediction of Human Blood Exposome Using a Random Forest Model and Its Application in Chemical Risk Prioritization. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:37009. [PMID: 36913238 PMCID: PMC10010393 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to many substances in the human exposome, there is a dearth of exposure and toxicity information available to assess potential health risks. Quantification of all trace organics in the biological fluids seems impossible and costly, regardless of the high individual exposure variability. We hypothesized that the blood concentration (CB) of organic pollutants could be predicted via their exposure and chemical properties. Developing a prediction model on the annotation of chemicals in human blood can provide new insight into the distribution and extent of exposures to a wide range of chemicals in humans. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict blood concentrations (CBs) of chemicals and prioritize chemicals of health concern. METHODS We curated the CBs of compounds mostly measured at population levels and developed an ML model for chemical CB predictions by considering chemical daily exposure (DE) and exposure pathway indicators (δij), half-lives (t1/2), and volume of distribution (Vd). Three ML models, including random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) were compared. The toxicity potential or prioritization of each chemical was represented as a bioanalytical equivalency (BEQ) and its percentage (BEQ%) estimated based on the predicted CB and ToxCast bioactivity data. We also retrieved the top 25 most active chemicals in each assay to further observe changes in the BEQ% after the exclusion of the drugs and endogenous substances. RESULTS We curated the CBs of 216 compounds primarily measured at population levels. RF outperformed the ANN and SVF models with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.66 and 2.07μM, the mean absolute error (MAE) values of 1.28 and 1.56μM, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.29 and 0.23, and R2 of 0.80 and 0.72 across test and testing sets. Subsequently, the human CBs of 7,858 ToxCast chemicals were successfully predicted, ranging from 1.29×10-6 to 1.79×10-2 μM. The predicted CBs were then combined with ToxCast in vitro bioassays to prioritize the ToxCast chemicals across 12 in vitro assays with important toxicological end points. It is interesting that we found the most active compounds to be food additives and pesticides rather than widely monitored environmental pollutants. DISCUSSION We have shown that the accurate prediction of "internal exposure" from "external exposure" is possible, and this result can be quite useful in the risk prioritization. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Li Li
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Penghui Lin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Huili Du
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Limao Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Jia B, Tian Y, Dai Y, Chen R, Zhao P, Chu J, Feng X, Feng Y. Seasonal variation of dissolved bioaccessibility for potentially toxic elements in size-resolved PM: Impacts of bioaccessibility on inhalable risk and uncertainty. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119551. [PMID: 35649451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in airborne particulate matter (PM) are strongly dependent on their size distribution and dissolution. This study examined PTEs within nine distinct sizes of PM in a Chinese megacity, with a focus on their deposited and dissolved bioaccessibility in the human pulmonary region. A Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model was used to estimate the deposited bioaccessibility, and an in-vitro experiment with simulated lung fluid was conducted for dissolved bioaccessibility. During the non-heating season, the dissolved bioaccessible fraction (DBF) of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb and V were greater in fine PM (aerodynamics less than 2.1 μm) than in coarse PM (aerodynamics between 2.1 and 10 μm), and vice versa for Ni. With the increased demand of heating, the DBF of Pb and As decreased in fine particle sizes, probably due to the presence of oxide/silicate compounds from coal combustion. Inhalation health risks based on the bioaccessible concentrations of PTEs displayed the peaks in <0.43 μm and 2.1-3.3 μm particulate sizes. The non-cancer risk was at an acceptable level (95th percentiles of hazard index (HI) was 0.49), but the cancer risk exceeded the threshold value (95th percentiles of total incremental lifetime cancer risk (TCR) was 8.91 × 10-5). Based on the results of uncertainty analysis, except for the exposure frequency, the total concentrations and DBF of As and Cr in <0.43 μm particle size segment have a greater influence on the uncertainty of probabilistic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yuqing Dai
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingjing Chu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin, 300350, China
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8
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Zheng H, Krishnan V, Walker S, Loomans M, Zeiler W. Laboratory evaluation of low-cost air quality monitors and single sensors for monitoring typical indoor emission events in Dutch daycare centers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107372. [PMID: 35777114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Daycare centers (DCCs) are where infants and toddlers (0-4 years old) spend the most time besides their homes. Given their higher susceptibility to the effects of air pollutants, as compared to older children and adults, indoor air quality (IAQ) is regarded as an essential parameter to monitor in DCCs. Recent advances in IAQ monitoring technologies have enabled the deployment of low-cost air quality monitors (LCMs) and single sensors (LCSs) to continuously monitor various indoor environments, and their performance testing should also be performed in the intended indoor applications. To our knowledge, there is no study evaluating the application of LCMs/LCSs in DCCs scenarios yet. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the response of five types of LCMs (previously not tested) and five LCSs to typical DCCs emission activities in detecting multiple IAQ parameters, i.e., particulate matter, carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, temperature, and relative humidity. These LCMs/LCSs were compared to outcomes from research-grade instruments (RGIs). All the experiments were performed in a climate chamber, where three kinds of typical activities (background; arts-and-crafts; cleaning; [in a total of 32 events]) were simulated by recruited subjects at two typical indoor climatic conditions (cool and dry [20 ± 1 °C & 40 ± 10%], warm and humid [26 ± 1 °C & 70 ± 5%]). Results showed that tested LCMs had the ability to capture DCCs activities by simultaneously monitoring multiple IAQ parameters, and LCMs/LCSs revealed a strong correlation with RGIs in most events (R2 values from 0.7 to 1), but, for some events, the magnitude of responses varied widely. Sensirion SCD41, an emerging CO2 sensor built on the photoacoustic sensing principle, had a more accurate performance than all tested NDIR-based CO2 sensors/monitors. In general, the study implies that the selection of LCMs/LCSs for a specific application of interest should be based on emission characteristics and space conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zheng
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Vinayak Krishnan
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Shalika Walker
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Loomans
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Zeiler
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Jiang L, Li Y, Cai Y, Liu K, Liu C, Zhang J. Probabilistic health risk assessment and monetization based on benzene series exposure in newly renovated teaching buildings. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107194. [PMID: 35339921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To meet the needs of the rapid development of education, there have been growing investments in the issue of university infrastructures. However, few studies have paid attention to the assessment and monetization of health risks in newly renovated teaching buildings. In this study, concentrations of the benzene series (BTEX) group were measured in five areas of three newly renovated teaching buildings. A total of 135 BTEX samples were collected using passive diffusion monitors and analyzed by GC-FID. Human health risk assessments were conducted by using probabilistic methods for four types of population exposure to BTEX. The results showed that the cancer risk of benzene accounted for most of the total in each group. There was over 90% probability of excess cancer risks in the areas within the tested buildings; and the non-cancer risks were all within the acceptable level. The health risks of men were greater than those of women, and those of teachers were higher than those of students. The model calculation results of Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) indicated that the average price that society was willing to pay to offset the health damage caused in these newly renovated teaching buildings was 381.35 yuan/year. For the first time, this study highlights the health risks of newly built teaching buildings in universities, points out the urgent need to improve the control of BTEX sources in this type of indoor environment; moreover, it provides theoretical support for the society and occupational protection departments to compensate for the health damage to professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Jiang
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
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10
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Gu X, Wang Z, Wang J, Ouyang W, Wang B, Xin M, Lian M, Lu S, Lin C, He M, Liu X. Sources, trophodynamics, contamination and risk assessment of toxic metals in a coastal ecosystem by using a receptor model and Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127482. [PMID: 34655879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in coastal ecosystems have posed threats to organisms and human worldwide. This study comprehensively investigated the concentrations, sources, trophodynamics, contamination, and risks of six HMs in the coastal ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, by stable isotope analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Monte Carlo simulation. Overall, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were significantly bio-diluted in the food web, while Cr was significantly biomagnified with a trophic magnification factor of 1.23. In addition, trophodynamics of the six HMs was different among fish, mollusk, and crustacean. Furthermore, detailed transfer pathways of six HMs in the food web including eight trophic levels were different from one another. Bioaccumulation order of the six HMs was Cu > Zn > Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb. Zinc concentrations were the highest in seawater, sediments, and organisms. Anthropogenic sources contributed to 71% for Zn, 31% for Cu and Pb, and 27% for Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment, which was moderately contaminated with moderate ecological risk. However, the human health risk of HMs from eating seafood was relatively low. To protect the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, HM contamination should be further controlled in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zongxing Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ming Xin
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Maoshan Lian
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Characterizing Key Volatile Pollutants Emitted from Adhesives by Chemical Compositions, Odor Contributions and Health Risks. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031125. [PMID: 35164389 PMCID: PMC8839774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major sources of volatile pollutants in indoor air, gaseous emissions from adhesives during interior decoration have attracted increasing concern. Identifying major volatile pollutants and the risk in adhesive gaseous emissions is of great significance, but remains rarely reported. In the present research, we assessed the major volatile pollutants emitted from white emulsion adhesive and silicone adhesive samples (n = 30) from three aspects: chemical composition, odor and health risk contributions. The results showed that a total of 21 volatile pollutants were detected. Significantly, xylene was the most concentrated compound from white emulsion adhesives, accounting for 45.51% of the total concentrations. Butanone oxime was the most concentrated compound in silicone adhesives, accounting for 69.86% of the total concentrations. The trends in odor concentration (evaluated by the odor activity value method) over time were well correlated with the total chemical concentrations. Xylene (58.00%) and butanone oxime (76.75%) showed the highest odor contribution, respectively. Moreover, from an integrated perspective of chemical emissions, odor and health risk contributions, xylene, ethylbenzene, ethyl acetate and benzene were identified as the key volatile pollutants emitted from the white emulsion adhesives, while butanone oxime, butanone, and ethanol were the key volatile pollutants emitted from the silicone adhesives. This study not only identified the key volatile pollutants but also provided characteristics of odor and health risks of gas emitted from adhesives.
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12
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Liang QX, Lin Y, Fang XM, Gao YH, Li F. Association Between Phthalate Exposure in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Chinese Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:179-189. [PMID: 35023956 PMCID: PMC8747708 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to explore the association between phthalate exposure and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and Methods A total of 11 plasticizer metabolites were measured in patient morning urine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were detected in first-trimester blood samples. The chemical concentration was described using the median, the metabolite concentration difference between the GDM and control groups was compared using the bootstrap method, and the correlations of the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, and phthalic acid ester (PAE) metabolites were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model and predictive probability map were performed to help assess the linearity and nature of any dose–response relationship. Results Of the 224 women recruited for the present study, 200 met the inclusion criteria. Their measured outcomes and biomonitoring data were examined for the presence of chemicals. The results showed that the patients in the GDM group had higher mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and methylerythritol cyclophosphane concentrations in their bodies than the patients in the control group. Statistically significant MEHP–GDM associations were also observed (P < 0.001). The GDM and MEHP dose–response relationships were different among pregnant women aged <35 years and those aged >35 years (P < 0.001). Furthermore, gestational age >28 weeks exhibited similar changes to those aged ≤28 weeks (P = 0.059). Conclusion The findings of the present study add to the growing body of evidence supporting phthalate exposure as a GDM risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Liang
- Department of Delivery Room, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Delivery Room, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Fang
- Fundus Surgery Department, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-He Gao
- Department of Obstetrics Clinic, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lee SH, Shen J, Tan ST, Ng LC, Fang M, Jia S. Effects of architecture structure on volatile organic compound and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diffusion in Singapore's Integrated Transport Hubs. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132067. [PMID: 34478959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Millions of passengers wait for buses at Integrated Transport Hubs (ITH) daily in metropolitan cities. Environmental exposure and associated risk for passengers is of great public concern. In this study, eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in airborne samples collected from indoor waiting areas (Indoor) and bus parks of nine Singapore ITH, which comprises of two types of architectural structure (i.e., fully sheltered and open/partially enclosed). The median concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs), total gaseous PAHs (TgPAHs) and total airborne particles-adsorbed PAH (TpPAHs) concentrations in Indoor were 30.42 μg/m3, 18.99 ng/m3 and 1.38 ng/m3; respectively. A strong correlation (r ≥ 0.75, p < 0.001) was observed between Indoor and bus parks air compounds. The "Indoor" to bus park pollutant concentration ratio (I/B ratio) showed lower values in the bus interchanges with fully sheltered bus parks (TVOCs: 0.98; TgPAHs: 0.76; TpPAHs: 0.71) than those with open/partially enclosed ones (TVOCs: 1.28; TgPAHs: 1.31; TpPAHs: 0.90). This result suggests that fully sheltered structure may cause the accumulation of air pollutants. The daily VOC and PAH exposure for commuters were further estimated by considering inhalation and dermal doses using Monte Carlo simulation (n = 100,000). Overall, the result showed that the risk is still within international guideline values. In sum, the effect of architecture structure on the migration of air pollutants should be taken into consideration in future transport hub design to reduce pollutant exposure to commuters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Joanna Shen
- Environmental Health Institute NEA, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Sze Tat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute NEA, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute NEA, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Shenglan Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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14
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Szewczyńska M, Dobrzyńska E, Pośniak M. Determination of phthalates in particulate matter and gaseous phase emitted in indoor air of offices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59319-59327. [PMID: 32960447 PMCID: PMC8541948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are endocrine disrupters and can disrupt the functioning of different hormones, causing adverse effects on human health. Due to the potential exposure to phthalates in office rooms, their concentrations in the air of these premises after their renovation and furnishing were determined. The aim of the study was to determine the content of these compounds in the gas phase and adsorbed on the particles. Thus, the combined sampler with filters and adsorption tube was used for air sampling. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The gas fraction was dominated by dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and the inhalable fraction by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2-(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The total concentration of phthalates in the respirable fraction in the furnished rooms was as much as 92% of the phthalates determined in the inhalable fraction. In the rooms immediately after renovation and those arranged and used by employees for 7 months, their concentration in the respirable fraction did not exceed 25% of the phthalates in the inhalable fraction. Phthalate concentration in the renovated rooms after 7 months of their usage dropped by 84% in relation to PAEs concentration in newly arranged rooms and by 68% in relation to the phthalate concentration in empty rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szewczyńska
- Department of Chemical Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Chemical Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pośniak
- Department of Chemical Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Le TM, Nguyen HMN, Nguyen VK, Nguyen AV, Vu ND, Yen NTH, Hoang AQ, Minh TB, Kannan K, Tran TM. Profiles of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in bottled water, tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples collected from Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147831. [PMID: 34034168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination levels and distribution patterns of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were investigated in various types of water samples collected from Hanoi metropolitan area in Vietnam. Concentrations of 10 PAEs in bottled water, tap water, lake water, and wastewater samples were measured in the ranges of 1640-15,700 ng/L (mean/median: 6400/5820 ng/L), 2100-18,000 ng/L (mean/median: 11,200/9270 ng/L), 19,600-127,000 ng/L (mean/median: 51,800/49,300 ng/L), and 20,700-405,000 ng/L (mean/median: 121,000/115,000 ng/L), respectively. Among PAEs, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) accounted for a major proportion of total concentrations (45%) in wastewater, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP, 10.3%), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 9.53%). Concentrations of PAEs in wastewater decreased significantly with distance from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Concentrations of PAEs in surface water samples did not vary greatly between locations. PAEs were found in bottled water in the following order: DBP (22.4%), DiBP (22.3%), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP, 20.1%), and DEHP (15.5%). The estimated mean exposure doses of 10 PAEs through consumption of drinking water for adults and children in Vietnam were 254 and 256 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively. Capsule: Highest concentrations of PAEs were measured in wastewater, followed by lake water, tap water, and bottled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Minh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh Commune, Cam Xuyen District, Ha Tinh 45000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Khanh Nguyen
- Chemistry Department, The College of Wooster, 1189 Beall Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anh Viet Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin streat, Ha Ba Trung, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
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16
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Baysal E, Uzun UC, Ertaş FN, Goksel O, Pelit L. Development of a new needle trap-based method for the determination of some volatile organic compounds in the indoor environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130251. [PMID: 33774250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals mostly found in indoor environments such as homes and workplaces. Long term exposure to certain VOCs can cause symptoms in some individuals and therefore, monitoring and controlling air quality can help better manage chronic respiratory diseases. In this study, we aimed to develop an easy-to-use, economical, in house needle trap-based methodology to detect certain VOCs to be used for public and occupational health. For this purpose, a multi-bed (packed with PDMS/Carbopack-X/Carboxen-1000) needle trap device (NTD) was utilized for sampling, enrichment, and injection of the VOCs into the gas chromatography. The performance of the developed method was investigated for the analysis of the group known as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). Operational and instrumental parameters such as sampling flow rate and relative humidity, desorption time and temperature were optimized, and the analytical figures of merit of the proposed method have indicated that very low levels of BTEX in air samples can be easily determined by this new method. Overall results have shown that multi-bed NTD offers a high sensitive procedure for sampling and analysis of BTEX in concentration range of 0.002-0.298 mg/m3 in indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Baysal
- Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Can Uzun
- Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nil Ertaş
- Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Goksel
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Laboratory of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Pelit
- Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; EgeSAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
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17
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Dang P, Gu X, Lin C, Xin M, Zhang H, Ouyang W, Liu X, He M, Wang B. Distribution, sources, and ecological risks of potentially toxic elements in the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea: Under the long-term impact of the Yellow River input. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125429. [PMID: 33618273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination is a common environmental issue in offshore regions worldwide. Water and sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River downstream and adjacent Laizhou Bay to investigate the residues, sources, and ecological risks of 11 typical PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sc, V, and Zn). The results indicated that the concentrations of PTEs in the sediments decreased from the Yellow River Estuary to the inner Laizhou Bay under the long-term effect of the Yellow River input. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three potential sources: natural origins, coastal anthropogenic activities (e.g., oil exploration and steel refining), and marine production (e.g., marine aquaculture and transportation). Among the PTEs, Cd was the most significant contaminant, with a contamination factor (CF) of 2.06 ± 0.78. Furthermore, Cd was the most sensitive factor used in evaluating the overall ecological risk using Monte Carlo analysis, with a contribution of up to 96%. Although the overall contamination and risk levels were low in the bay, a higher pollution load index (PLI) and risk index (RI) adjacent to the Yellow River Estuary indicated that the Yellow River remained the primary contributor to the PTEs contamination in the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ming Xin
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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18
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Bayati M, Vu DC, Vo PH, Rogers E, Park J, Ho TL, Davis AN, Gulseven Z, Carlo G, Palermo F, McElroy JA, Nagel SC, Lin CH. Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds at daycare facilities. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:977-988. [PMID: 33586827 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Children are particularly vulnerable to many classes of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in indoor environments. The negative health impacts associated with chronic and acute exposures of the VOCs might lead to health issues such as genetic damage, cancer, and disorder of nervous systems. In this study, 40 VOCs including aldehydes and ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclic terpenes, alcohols, and glycol ethers were identified and qualified in different locations at the University of Missouri (MU) Child Development Laboratory (CDL) in Columbia, Missouri. Our results suggested that the concentrations of the VOCs varied significantly among classrooms, hallways, and playground. The VOCs emitted from personal care and cleaning products had the highest indoor levels (2-ethylhexanol-1, 3-carene, homomenthyl salicylate with mean concentration of 5.15 µg/m3 , 1.57 µg/m3 , and 1.47 µg/m3 , respectively). A cancer risk assessment was conducted, and none of the 95th percentile dose estimates exceeded the age-specific no significant risk levels (NSRL) in all classrooms. Dimensionless toxicity index scores were calculated for all VOCs using a novel web-based framework called Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi), which integrates multiple sources of toxicity data. According to the method, homomenthyl salicylate, benzothiazole, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, hexadecane, and tridecane exhibited diverse toxicity profiles and ranked as the five most toxic indoor VOCs. The findings of this study provide critical information for policy makers and early education professionals to mitigate the potentially negative health impacts of indoor VOCs in the childcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bayati
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Danh C Vu
- Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc H Vo
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jihyun Park
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thi L Ho
- Center of Core Facilities, Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Alexandra N Davis
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zehra Gulseven
- School of Education, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- School of Education, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Palermo
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Center for Children and Families Across Cultures, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Phthalates and Their Impacts on Human Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050603. [PMID: 34069956 PMCID: PMC8157593 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are a series of widely used chemicals that demonstrate to be endocrine disruptors and are detrimental to human health. Phthalates can be found in most products that have contact with plastics during producing, packaging, or delivering. Despite the short half-lives in tissues, chronic exposure to phthalates will adversely influence the endocrine system and functioning of multiple organs, which has negative long-term impacts on the success of pregnancy, child growth and development, and reproductive systems in both young children and adolescents. Several countries have established restrictions and regulations on some types of phthalates; however, we think that more countries should establish constraints or substitute measures for phthalates to reduce health risks. This article aims to summarize the adverse impacts of phthalates on human health, analyze the toxicity mechanism, assess the risks, and finally provide feasible strategies to reduce exposure of the public to phthalates.
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Wang M, Jia S, Lee SH, Chow A, Fang M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environments are still imposing carcinogenic risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124531. [PMID: 33250308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most health-relevant air pollutants. Herein, we conducted meta-analysis and experimental validation to evaluate PAHs in our surroundings and carcinogenic risks. We summarized the occurrence of PAHs in outdoors and indoors from 131 studies with 6,766 samples collected in different countries in 1989-2019. The global weighted-median concentration in outdoor air, indoor air and dust of ΣPAHs were 142 ng/m3, 369 ng/m3 and 10,201 ng/g; respectively. ΣPAHs have decreased in indoor air but remained steady in outdoor air and indoor dust. More carcinogenic PAHs in indoor/outdoor air was observed in Asia, while in dust was North America. Monte-Carlo simulation further showed indoor sources for children's exposure from dust and air can exceed outdoor. To further validate the health effect of PAHs from indoors, 15 more recent indoor dust samples were collected to examine their mutagenicity. The results showed that ΣPAHs were found to be significantly correlated with mutagenicity potency in the dust sample metabolically activated with liver S9 subcellular fraction and likely accounted for 0.42-0.50 of the mutagenic activity. Our findings indicated that PAHs are still likely to have carcinogenic activity in indoor environments and exposure risk of children to indoor dust should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shenglan Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Suk Hyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Agnes Chow
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore.
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Zhao F, Li L, Chen Y, Huang Y, Keerthisinghe TP, Chow A, Dong T, Jia S, Xing S, Warth B, Huan T, Fang M. Risk-Based Chemical Ranking and Generating a Prioritized Human Exposome Database. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:47014. [PMID: 33929905 PMCID: PMC8086799 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the ubiquitous use of chemicals in modern society, humans are increasingly exposed to thousands of chemicals that contribute to a major portion of the human exposome. Should a comprehensive and risk-based human exposome database be created, it would be conducive to the rapid progress of human exposomics research. In addition, once a xenobiotic is biotransformed with distinct half-lives upon exposure, monitoring the parent compounds alone may not reflect the actual human exposure. To address these questions, a comprehensive and risk-prioritized human exposome database is needed. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to set up a comprehensive risk-prioritized human exposome database including physicochemical properties as well as risk prediction and develop a graphical user interface (GUI) that has the ability to conduct searches for content associated with chemicals in our database. METHODS We built a comprehensive risk-prioritized human exposome database by text mining and database fusion. Subsequently, chemicals were prioritized by integrating exposure level obtained from the Systematic Empirical Evaluation of Models with toxicity data predicted by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool and the Toxicological Priority Index calculated from the ToxCast database. The biotransformation half-lives (HLBs) of all the chemicals were assessed using the Iterative Fragment Selection approach and biotransformation products were predicted using the previously developed BioTransformer machine-learning method. RESULTS We compiled a human exposome database of >20,000 chemicals, prioritized 13,441 chemicals based on probabilistic hazard quotient and 7,770 chemicals based on risk index, and provided a predicted biotransformation metabolite database of >95,000 metabolites. In addition, a user-interactive Java software (Oracle)-based search GUI was generated to enable open access to this new resource. DISCUSSION Our database can be used to guide chemical management and enhance scientific understanding to rapidly and effectively prioritize chemicals for comprehensive biomonitoring in epidemiological investigations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Li
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangdong Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tharushi Prabha Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agnes Chow
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Dong
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangdong Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Jia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Anh HQ, Nguyen HMN, Do TQ, Tran KQ, Minh TB, Tran TM. Air pollution caused by phthalates and cyclic siloxanes in Hanoi, Vietnam: Levels, distribution characteristics, and implications for inhalation exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143380. [PMID: 33183807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination status and distribution characteristics of ten phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and three cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (CSs) were determined in the air (gas and particle) samples collected from indoor and outdoor spaces of several chemistry laboratories, offices, and homes from urban area of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. Air concentrations of Σ10PAEs (median 688; range 142-2390 ng m-3) and Σ3CSs (171; not detected-1100 ng m-3) in the indoor air samples were significantly higher than those measured in the outdoor ones (Σ10PAEs: 161; 34.1-515 ng m-3 and Σ3CSs: 43.2; not detected-258 ng m-3), partly suggesting the predominance of indoor emission sources of these substances. There were significant positive correlations in total air concentrations of phthalates and siloxanes between the indoor and outdoor air samples. The most predominant phthalates were diethyl-, di-n-butyl-, diisobutyl-, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For siloxanes, D5 and D6 were more abundant than D4 in most samples. Except for di(2-ethylhexyl)- and di-n-octyl phthalate in some locations, almost all the compounds were likely associated with gas phase than particle phase. Daily intake doses of airborne phthalates and siloxanes, and non-cancer and cancer risks of selected phthalates were estimated for different exposure groups such as adults, children, and university subjects (e.g., laboratory staff and students), indicating relatively low levels of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ha My Nu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Ha Tinh University, Cam Vinh commune, Cam Xuyen district, Ha Tinh 45000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Quang Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Khiem Quang Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Cai Y, Chen X, Zhou X, Li H, Li F, Zhang J, Liu C. Investigation and probabilistic health risk assessment of trace elements in good sale lip cosmetics crawled by Python from Chinese e-commerce market. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124279. [PMID: 33144021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the lip products are polluted by heavy metals, which would inevitably cause safety problems with long-term exposure, but few studies have focused on their deeper health risk assessments. This study sets out to identify the lip cosmetics in good sale from Chinese e-commerce market utilizing Python crawler and then explore the probabilistic health risks caused by 6 trace elements in 34 most popular lip cosmetics with Monte Carlo simulation. The results found that there was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk to humans. As for high users, the carcinogenic risk levels of Cr exceeded the acceptable risk recommended by USEPA, approximately 10% and 25% for lipsticks and lip glosses, respectively. Cr was regarded as the priority metal for risk control in the present study. Finally, it was recommended that the minimum use period limit for using up one lip product ranged from 0.54 months to 5.74 months. Overall, this study appears to be the first to conduct a probabilistic health risk assessment of trace elements in lip products, which would be of significance for policy makers to take effective strategies to minimize exposure health risk and contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xinyun Zhou
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Honghu Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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24
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Wei W, Dassonville C, Sivanantham S, Gregoire A, Mercier F, Le Bot B, Malingre L, Ramalho O, Derbez M, Mandin C. Semivolatile organic compounds in French schools: Partitioning between the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:156-169. [PMID: 33439520 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The indoor environmental quality in classrooms can largely affect children's daily exposure to indoor chemicals in schools. To date, there has not been a comprehensive study of the concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in French schools. Therefore, the French Observatory for Indoor Air Quality (OQAI) performed a field study of SVOCs in 308 nurseries and elementary schools between June 2013 and June 2017. The concentrations of 52 SVOCs, including phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), synthetic musks, and pesticides, were measured in air and settled dust (40 SVOCs in both air and dust, 12 in either air or dust). The results showed that phthalates had the highest concentrations among the SVOCs in both the air and dust. Other SVOCs, including tributyl phosphate, fluorene, phenanthrene, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH, lindane), galaxolide, and tonalide, also showed high concentrations in both the air and dust. Theoretical equations were developed to estimate the SVOC partitioning between the air and settled dust from either the octanol/air partition coefficient or the boiling point of the SVOCs. The regression constants of the equations were determined using the data set of the present study for phthalates and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wei
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Claire Dassonville
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Sutharsini Sivanantham
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Anthony Gregoire
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Fabien Mercier
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laeticia Malingre
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Mickaël Derbez
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), University of Paris-Est, Marne la Vallée, France
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Liu C, Huang X, Li J. Outdoor benzene highly impacts indoor concentrations globally. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137640. [PMID: 32146409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a carcinogen. Exposure to benzene severely threatens people's health. While its indoor sources such as paint and solvent have been tightly regulated as a result of its inclusion into indoor air standards globally, its outdoor emission from traffic and industry is less addressed. Since human's exposure to benzene mainly occurs indoors, how outdoor benzene affects indoor concentrations is a critical issue, but not well discussed yet. This study summarized 118 pairs of outdoor-indoor measurement of benzene concentrations mainly published in the past five years. We found that the outdoor benzene concentrations measured in developing countries exceed 5 μg/m3, an annual concentration limit recommended by Europe Union, more often than developed ones. It implies a worse benzene pollution situation in the developing places, probably due to strong emission from traffic and industry. The outdoor/indoor concentration ratio is 0.69 and 0.84 for the developing and developed places, respectively. It indicates a significant, if not dominant, role of outdoor benzene in formulating indoor concentrations over indoor sources. Controlling outdoor benzene emission is therefore highlighted. Actions should be taken to regulate benzene emission sources such as traffic and industry. This is particularly urgent to protect occupants in buildings close to roads and factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xinjie Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201108, China
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Sirotkin AV, Kadasi A, Baláži A, Kotwica J, Alrezaki A, Harrath AH. Mechanisms of the direct effects of oil-related contaminants on ovarian cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5314-5322. [PMID: 31845279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of oil-related environmental contaminants (OREC) on the viability, hormone secretion, and protein expression using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Addition of benzene and xylene promoted proliferation and apoptosis and reduced ovarian cell viability whereas toluene induced apoptosis only. The release of progesterone (P4) and oxytocin (OT) was promoted by benzene and xylene, and suppressed by toluene while prostaglandin F (PGF) output was stimulated by benzene and toluene, but not xylene. The addition of FSH to the culture medium increased ovarian cell proliferation and hormone release, but did not affect apoptosis. However, this FSH's proliferative effect has been prevented in presence of benzene. On the other hand and in the presence of FSH, toluene prevented P4 release and decreased PGF release, while xylene prevented PGF release. We concluded that OREC can affect reproductive processes by directly influencing ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, viability, hormone release, and response to gonadotropins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute of Animal Production, 949 59, Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Attila Kadasi
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute of Animal Production, 949 59, Lužianky, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Baláži
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Research Institute of Animal Production, 949 59, Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kotwica
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Bydgoska 7, PL-10-243, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Abdulkarem Alrezaki
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Phthalate Ester Contamination in Intensively Managed Greenhouse Facilities and the Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk: A Regional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162818. [PMID: 31394816 PMCID: PMC6719942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contamination status and the potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks from six phthalate esters (PAEs), nominated as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), were investigated in 40 typical greenhouses in three large-scale intensive greenhouse production areas in Jingmen city, Hubei province, central China. The total concentrations of PAEs in 40 soil samples and 80 vegetable samples ranged from 919 ± 134 to 7015 ± 475 µg kg−1 (dry weight, DW), and from 387 ± 63, to 11,683 ± 1313 µg kg−1 (DW), respectively. No carcinogenic risk was detected. The heat-map of the hazard quotient (HQ) values indicates the non-carcinogenic risks to children from di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), at two sampling sites out of the 40, and from diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (20 to young children and three to older children and adults) at 23 of the sites. The contamination risk from PAEs at Pengdun is of concern because only two of the 14 sampling sites selected there showed the non-carcinogenic risk to humans was unclear. The results of this study help to close a long-term knowledge gap resulting from a shortage of experimental data on PAE contamination in intensive greenhouse vegetable production in central China. The inclusion of DEHP in the Chinese list of priority pollutants is recommended, due to its increasing contamination and risk. This study provides valuable information for protected agricultural soil management and risk avoidance. It is a timely reminder to take PAE contamination and associated health risks into consideration, during the planning and introduction of intensively-managed greenhouse production systems.
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