1
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Pamanji R, Ragothaman P, Koigoora S, Sivan G, Selvin J. Network analysis of toxic endpoints of fungicides in zebrafish. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae087. [PMID: 38845614 PMCID: PMC11150978 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish being the best animal model to study, every attempt has been made to decipher the toxic mechanism of every fungicide of usage and interest. It is important to understand the multiple targets of a toxicant to estimate the toxic potential in its totality. A total of 22 fungicides of different classes like amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, carboxin, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, etridiazole, flusilazole, fluxapyroxad, hexaconazole, kresoxim methyl, mancozeb, myclobutanil, prochloraz, propiconazole, propineb, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, trifloxystrobin and ziram were reviewed and analyzed for their multiple explored targets in zebrafish. Toxic end points in zebrafish are highly informative when it comes to network analysis. They provide a window into the molecular and cellular pathways that are affected by a certain toxin. This can then be used to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and to draw conclusions on the potential of a particular compound to induce toxicity. This knowledge can then be used to inform decisions about drug development, environmental regulation, and other areas of research. In addition, the use of zebrafish toxic end points can also be used to better understand the effects of environmental pollutants on ecosystems. By understanding the pathways affected by a given toxin, researchers can determine how pollutants may interact with the environment and how this could lead to health or environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Prathiviraj Ragothaman
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Srikanth Koigoora
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi 522213, AP, India
| | - Gisha Sivan
- Division of Medical Research, SRM SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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2
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Zhu J, Huang M, Jiang P, Wang J, Zhu R, Liu C. Myclobutanil induces neurotoxicity by activating autophagy and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142027. [PMID: 38621487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Myclobutanil (MYC), a typical broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, is often detected in surface water. This study aimed to explore the neurotoxicity of MYC and the underlying mechanisms in zebrafish and in PC12 cells. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/L of MYC from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and neurobehavior was evaluated. Our data showed that MYC decreased the survival rate, hatching rate and heart rate, but increased the malformation rate and spontaneous movement. MYC caused abnormal neurobehaviors characterized by decreased swimming distance and movement time. MYC impaired cerebral histopathological morphology and inhibited neurogenesis in HuC:egfp transgenic zebrafish. MYC also reduced the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and downregulated neurodevelopment related genes (gfap, syn2a, gap43 and mbp) in zebrafish and PC12 cells. Besides, MYC activated autophagy through enhanced expression of the LC3-II protein and suppressed expression of the p62 protein and autophagosome formation, subsequently triggering apoptosis by upregulating apoptotic genes (p53, bax, bcl-2 and caspase 3) and the cleaved caspase-3 protein in zebrafish and PC12 cells. These processes were restored by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that MYC induces neurotoxicity by activating autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, this study revealed the potential autophagy and apoptosis mechanisms of MYC-induced neurotoxicity and provided novel strategies to counteract its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Peiyun Jiang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Renfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunlan Liu
- School of Public Health Management, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China.
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3
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Liu C, Yang F, Wang J, Zhu R, Zhu J, Huang M. Myclobutanil induces cardiotoxicity in developing zebrafish larvae by initiating oxidative stress and apoptosis: The protective role of curcumin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116484. [PMID: 38820875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Myclobutanil (MYC) is a common triazole fungicide widely applied in agriculture. MYC extensively exists in the natural environment and can be detected in organisms. However, little is known about MYC-induced embryonic developmental damage. This study aimed to unravel the cardiotoxicity of MYC and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the cardioprotective effect of curcumin (CUR, an antioxidant polyphenol) using the zebrafish model. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to MYC at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and cardiac development was assessed. As results, MYC reduced the survival and hatching rate, body length and heart rate, but increased the malformation rate and spontaneous movement. MYC caused abnormal cardiac morphology and function in myl7:egfp transgenic zebrafish, and downregulated cardiac developmental genes. MYC promoted oxidative stress through excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppressed the activities of antioxidant enzymes, triggering cardiomyocytic apoptosis via upregulated expression of apoptosis-related genes. These adverse toxicities could be significantly ameliorated by the antioxidant properties of CUR, indicating that CUR rescued MYC-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, our study revealed the potential mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis in MYC-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish and identified the cardioprotection of CUR in this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Liu
- School of Public Health Management, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226011, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Renfei Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226006, PR China.
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Tang C, Xu K, Li Z, Wang C. Early life stage exposure to fenbuconazole causes multigenerational cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish and potential reasons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123938. [PMID: 38588970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing use of triazole fungicides in agriculture, triazole pesticides have aroused great concern about their toxicity and ecological risk. The current study investigated the impairments of embryonic exposure to fenbuconazole (FBZ) on cardiac transgenerational toxicity and related mechanisms. The fertilized eggs were exposed to 5, 50 and 500 ng/L FBZ for 72 h, and the larvae were then raised to adulthood in clean water. The adult fish were mated with unexposed fish to produce maternal and paternal F1 and F2 embryos, respectively. The results showed that increased arrhythmia were observed in F0, F1 and F2 larvae. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that the pathway of adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes was enriched in F0 and F2 larvae. In both F0 and F1 adult zebrafish hearts, ADRB2 protein expression decreased, and transcription of genes related to cardiac development and Ca2+ homeostasis was downregulated. These alterations might cause cardiac developmental defects. Significantly decreased protein levels of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac might be linked with the downregulation in transcription of cardiac development genes. Protein‒protein interaction analysis exhibited that the pathway affecting the heart was well inherited in the paternal line. These results provide new ideas for the analysis and prevention of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Ding J, Sun Y, Mortimer M, Guo LH, Yang F. Enantiomer-specific burden of metalaxyl and myclobutanil in non-occupationally exposed population with evidence from dietary intake and urinary excretion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115623. [PMID: 37890250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl (MET) and myclobutanil (MYC) are two widely used chiral fungicides that may pose health risks to non-occupationally exposed populations. Here, the two fungicides were enantiomer-specific quantified in the dietary food and urine of residents in an Eastern China city, to determine the exposure and excretion of these contaminants in different populations. Results indicate that residues of MET and MYC varied with different food items at 0.42-0.86 ng/g fresh weight (FW) and 0.18-0.33 ng/g FW, respectively. In urine samples, the residual levels after creatinine adjusting (CR) ranged from 10.2 to 1715.4 ng/g CR for MET and were below the detection limit up to 320.7 ng/g CR for MYC. Significant age- and gender-related differences were separately found in urinary MET and MYC of different populations. Monte-Carlo simulations suggested that children had higher daily dietary intake (DDI) but lower urinary excretion (DUE) rates than youths, and thus may suffer higher body burdens. The residues of antifungally ineffective enantiomers (S-MET and R-MYC) were slightly higher than their antipodes in foods. Moreover, the enantiomer-selective urinary excretion resulted in higher retention of S-MET and R-MYC in the human body. Our results suggest that both dietary intake and urinary excretion should be enantiomer-specifically considered when assessing the exposure risk and body burden of chiral fungicides in the non-occupationally exposed population. Furthermore, substitutive application of enantiomer-enriched fungicide formulations can not only benefit the antifungal efficacy but also be safer for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Ding
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 310018 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Identification and Health Hazard Prevention of Environmental Emerging Contaminants, China Jiliang University and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Innovation center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314100 Jiashan, China.
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6
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Martin L, Marbach S, Zimba P, Liu Q, Xu W. Uptake of Nanoplastic particles by zebrafish embryos triggers the macrophage response at early developmental stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140069. [PMID: 37673181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution continues to erupt as a global ecological concern. As plastic debris is degraded into nanoscale and microscale particles via biodegradation, UV-irradiation, and mechanical processes, nanoplastic pollution arises as a threat to virtually every biological and ecological system on the planet. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to fluorescently labeled plastic particles at nanoscales (30 nm and 100 nm). The uptake of both the nanoplastic particles (NPs) was found to exponentially increase with incubation time. Penetration of NPs through the natural barrier of the zebrafish embryos, the chorion, was observed prior to the hatching of the embryo. As a result, the NPs were found to accumulate on the body surface as well as inside the body of the zebrafish. The invasion of NPs into zebrafish embryos induced the upregulation of several stress and immune response genes including interleukins (il6 and il1b), cytochrome P450 (cyp1a and cyp51), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal protein-encoding genes (sod and cat). This suggested the initiation of ROS generation and removal as well as the activation of the immune response of zebrafish embryos. Colocalization of macrophages and NPs in zebrafish embryos indicated the involvement of macrophage response to the NP invasion at the early developmental stage of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Marbach
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Paul Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA; Rice Rivers Center, VA Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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7
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Reis CG, Bastos LM, Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Zanona QK, Becker SZ, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18142. [PMID: 37875532 PMCID: PMC10598008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in global agriculture to achieve high productivity levels. Among them, fungicides are specifically designed to inhibit fungal growth in crops and seeds. However, their application often results in environmental contamination, as these chemicals can persistently be detected in surface waters. This poses a potential threat to non-target organisms, including humans, that inhabit the affected ecosystems. In toxicologic research, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is the most commonly used fish species to assess the potential effects of fungicide exposure, and numerous and sometimes conflicting findings have been reported. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the neurobehavioral effects of fungicides in zebrafish. Our search encompassed three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), and the screening process followed predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted qualitative and quantitative data, as well as assessed reporting quality, from 60 included studies. Meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes of distance traveled in larvae and adults and spontaneous movements in embryos. The results revealed a significant overall effect of fungicide exposure on distance, with a lower distance traveled in the exposed versus control group. No significant effect was observed for spontaneous movements. The overall heterogeneity was high for distance and moderate for spontaneous movements. The poor reporting practices in the field hindered a critical evaluation of the studies. Nevertheless, a sensitivity analysis did not identify any studies skewing the meta-analyses. This review underscores the necessity for better-designed and reported experiments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Bastos
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Querusche K Zanona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sofia Z Becker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Lee JH, Kang JC, Kim JH. Toxic effects of microplastic (Polyethylene) on fish: Accumulation, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses in Korean Bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162874. [PMID: 36933717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste discharged into the aquatic environment decomposes into microplastics (MP), which have toxic effects on fish species. Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco is widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems in Korea, and it is important as an ecological indicator species to evaluate MP toxicity in Korea. In this study, the accumulation and physiological effects of juvenile P. fulvidraco exposed to microplastics (Polyethylene: PE-MPs with white surface and spherical shape) at control (0 mg/L), 100, 200, 5000 and 10,000 mg/L for 96 h were confirmed. Exposure to PE-MPs showed significant bioaccumulation of P. fulvidraco, and the accumulation profile was in the order of gut > gills > liver. Hematological parameters such as the red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) were significantly decreased over 5000 mg/L In plasma components, calcium, magnesium and total protein were significantly decreased over 5000 mg/L, whereas glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased over 5000 mg/L or at 10,000 mg/L In antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly increased over 5000 mg/L, whereas glutathione (GSH) was significantly decreased over 5000 mg/L. The results of this study suggest that acute exposure to PE-MPs induced all physiological changes in a concentration-dependent manner, and it affects the hematological parameters, plasma components and antioxidant response of juvenile P. fulvidraco after accumulation in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea.
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Rao SW, Duan YY, Zhao DS, Liu CJ, Xu SH, Liang D, Zhang FX, Shi W. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Data for Identification of Pathways Related to Matrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:2271-2284. [PMID: 36440846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a major bioactive compound extracted from Sophorae tonkinensis. However, the clinical application of MT is relatively restricted due to its potentially toxic effects, especially hepatotoxicity. Although MT-induced liver injury has been reported, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were applied to investigate the hepatotoxicity of MT in mice. The results indicated that liver injury occurred when the administration of MT (30 or 60 mg/kg, i.g) lasted for 2 weeks, including dramatically increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), etc. The metabolomic results revealed that steroid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism were involved in the occurrence and development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. Further, the transcriptomic data indicated that the downregulation of NSDHL with CYP51, FDFT1, and DHCR7, involved in steroid biosynthesis, resulted in a lower level of cholic acid. Besides, Gstps and Nat8f1 were related to the disorder of glutathione metabolism, and HMGCS1 could be treated as the marker gene of the development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, other metabolites, such as taurine, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and inosine monophosphate (IMP), also made a contribution to the boosting of MT-induced hepatotoxicity. In this work, our results provide clues for the mechanism investigation of MT-induced hepatotoxicity, and several biomarkers (metabolites and genes) closely related to the liver injury caused by MT are also provided. Meanwhile, new insights into the understanding of the development of MT-induced hepatotoxicity or other monomer-induced hepatotoxicity were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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10
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Qin Z, Wang W, Weng Y, Bao Z, Yang G, Jin Y. Bromuconazole exposure induces cardiotoxicity and lipid transport disorder in larval zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109451. [PMID: 36064135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bromuconazole (BRO), as one of the typical triazole fungicides, has not been reported on its effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used as experimental objects to evaluate the toxicity of BRO. In the acute embryo toxicity test, it was observed that the heart rate and growing development were affected by BRO in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-lethal concentration (LC50) of BRO at 96 h post-fertilization (hpf) was about 11.83 mg/L. Then, low concentrations of BRO (50 ng/L, 0.075 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L), which were set according to the LC50 and environmental related concentrations, were used to analyze the toxic effects on the different endpoints in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, the transcriptomic analysis found that most different expressed genes (DEGs) could be focused on the pathways of lipid metabolism, myocardial function, glycometabolism, indicating that heart function and lipid metabolism in larval zebrafish were disrupted by BRO. For supporting this idea, we re-exposed the transgenic zebrafish and WT zebrafish embryos, proved that BRO caused damage to heart development and lipid transport on morphological and genetic level, which was consistent with transcriptomic results. In addition, BRO exposure caused oxidative damage in the larvae. Taken together, BRO exposure could affect the myocardial contraction function and lipid transport in larval zebrafish, accompanied by disturbances in the level of oxidative stress, which was of great significance for improving the biotoxicological information of BRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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11
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Lin L, Xu X, Song S, Xu L, Wu X, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. A multiplex lateral flow immunochromatography assay for the quantitative detection of pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, and kresoxim-methyl residues in wheat. Food Chem 2022; 377:131964. [PMID: 34999457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We produced three monoclonal antibodies with high specificity and sensitivity, and developed a lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of pyraclostrobin (PYR), myclobutanil (MYC), and kresoxim-methyl (KRE) in wheat. In the qualitative analysis, the cut-off values of LFIA were 400, 200, and 800 ng/g for PYR, MYC, and KRE in wheat, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the membrane strip reader, we generated calibration curves for the quantitative analysis. PYR, MYC, and KRE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 25.4, 17.7, and 94.6 ng/g, respectively, and limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5, 2.0, and 8.8 ng/g, respectively. The linear detection scopes were 5.6-116.5, 4.2-74.4, 23.4-383.3 ng/g for PYR, MYC, and KRE, respectively. The intra-assay recoveries ranged from 89.2% to 101.7%, and the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.6% to 6.5%. The inter-assay recoveries ranged from 88.7% to 102.7%, with the coefficients of variation ranged from 7.2% to 9.1%. Thus, our developed LFIA is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of PYR, MYC, and KRE residues in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Huang T, Jiang H, Zhao Y, He J, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. A comprehensive review of 1,2,4-triazole fungicide toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A mitochondrial and metabolic perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151177. [PMID: 34699814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this critical review, we synthesize data from peer-reviewed literature reporting on triazole fungicide exposures in the zebrafish model. Based on their mode of action in plants (potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis), we focused attention on mechanisms related to cellular, lipid, and steroid metabolism. Evidence from several studies reveals that zebrafish exposed to triazoles present with impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress, as well as dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Such metabolic disruptions are expected to underscore developmental delays, deformity, and aberrant locomotor activity and behaviors often observed following exposure. We begin by summarizing physiological and behavioral effects observed with triazole fungicide exposure in zebrafish. We then discuss mechanisms that may underlie adverse apical effects, focusing on mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. Using computational approaches, we also identify novel biomarkers of triazole fungicide exposure. Extracting and analyzing data contained in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) revealed that transcriptional signatures responsive to different triazoles are related to metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, biological oxidations, and fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism among other processes. Pathway and sub-network analysis identified several transcripts that are responsive in organisms exposed to triazole fungicides, several of which include lipid-related genes. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future investigations include; (1) targeted metabolomics for metabolites in glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain; (2) additional studies conducted at environmentally relevant concentrations to characterize the potential for endocrine disruption, given that studies point to altered cholesterol (precursor for steroid hormones), as well as altered estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone expression; (3) studies into the potential role for lipid peroxidation and oxidation of lipid biomolecules as a mechanism of triazole-induced toxicity, given the strong evidence for oxidative damage in zebrafish following exposure to triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haibo Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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13
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Qin Y, Wang X, Yan X, Zhu D, Wang J, Chen S, Wang S, Wen Y, Martyniuk CJ, Zhao Y. Developmental toxicity of fenbuconazole in zebrafish: effects on mitochondrial respiration and locomotor behavior. Toxicology 2022; 470:153137. [PMID: 35218879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are used to control the disease of cereal crops but may also cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. There is a lack of toxicity data for some triazoles such as fenbuconazole in aquatic organisms. This research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of fenbuconazole at environmentally relevant concentrations with attention on the mitochondria, antioxidant system, and locomotor activity in zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to one concentration of 5, 50, 200 or 500ng/L fenbuconazole for 96h. There was no effect on survival nor percentage of fish hatched, but exposure to 200 and 500ng/L fenbuconazole resulted in malformation and hypoactivity in zebrafish. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of embryos were measured to determine if the fungicide impaired mitochondrial respiration. Exposure to 500ng/L fenbuconazole reduced basal OCR and oligomycin-induced ATP linked respiration in exposed fish. Fenbuconazole reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the activities of mitochondrial Complex II and III. Transcript levels of both sdhc and cyc1, each related to Complex II and III, were also altered in expression by fenbuconazole exposure, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction in embryos. Fenbuconazole activated the antioxidant system, based upon both transcriptional and enzymatic data in zebrafish. Consistent with mitochondrial impairment, molecular docking confirmed a strong binding capacity of the fungicide at the Qi site of Complex III, revealing this complex is susceptible to fenbuconazole. This study reveals potential toxicity pathways related to fenbuconazole exposure in aquatic organisms; such data can improve risk assessments for triazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingju Qin
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Di Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin 136000, PR China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences in Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P. R. China.
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14
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Hutton SJ, St. Romain SJ, Pedersen EI, Siddiqui S, Chappell PE, White JW, Armbrust KL, Brander SM. Salinity Alters Toxicity of Commonly Used Pesticides in a Model Euryhaline Fish Species ( Menidia beryllina). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050114. [PMID: 34065370 PMCID: PMC8161390 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changing salinity in estuaries due to sea level rise and altered rainfall patterns, as a result of climate change, has the potential to influence the interactions of aquatic pollutants as well as to alter their toxicity. From a chemical property point of view, ionic concentration can increase the octanol–water partition coefficient and thus decrease the water solubility of a compound. Biologically, organism physiology and enzyme metabolism are also altered at different salinities with implications for drug metabolism and toxic effects. This highlights the need to understand the influence of salinity on pesticide toxicity when assessing risk to estuarine and marine fishes, particularly considering that climate change is predicted to alter salinity regimes globally and many risk assessments and regulatory decisions are made using freshwater studies. Therefore, we exposed the Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina) at an early life stage to seven commonly used pesticides at two salinities relevant to estuarine waters (5 PSU and 15 PSU). Triadimefon was the only compound to show a statistically significant increase in toxicity at the 15 PSU LC50. However, all compounds showed a decrease in LC50 values at the higher salinity, and all but one showed a decrease in the LC10 value. Many organisms rely on estuaries as nurseries and increased toxicity at higher salinities may mean that organisms in critical life stages of development are at risk of experiencing adverse, toxic effects. The differences in toxicity demonstrated here have important implications for organisms living within estuarine and marine ecosystems in the Anthropocene as climate change alters estuarine salinity regimes globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Hutton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Scott J. St. Romain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.J.S.R.); (K.L.A.)
| | - Emily I. Pedersen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA; (E.I.P.); (S.S.); (J.W.W.)
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA; (E.I.P.); (S.S.); (J.W.W.)
| | - Patrick E. Chappell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - J. Wilson White
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA; (E.I.P.); (S.S.); (J.W.W.)
| | - Kevin L. Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.J.S.R.); (K.L.A.)
| | - Susanne M. Brander
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA; (E.I.P.); (S.S.); (J.W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Shen W, Yang G, Guo Q, Lv L, Liu L, Wang X, Lou B, Wang Q, Wang Y. Combined toxicity assessment of myclobutanil and thiamethoxam to zebrafish embryos employing multi-endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116116. [PMID: 33288291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to understand the interactions between different pesticides in ecotoxicology because pesticides never appear as individual compounds but rather in combinations with other compounds. In this study, we planned to explicate the combined toxic effect of myclobutanil (MYC) and thiamethoxam (THI) on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) by adopting multiple biomarkers. Results unraveled that the 96-h LC50 values of MYC to D. rerio at various life phases ranged from 5.2 to 10.3 mg L-1, which were lower than those of THI ranging from 147 to 246 mg L-1. Combinations of MYC and THI exhibited synergetic toxicity to zebrafish embryos. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (T-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and POD) and detoxification enzyme (GST) were obviously varied in most of the MYC, THI and combined exposures compared to the control. The mRNA expressions of eight genes (Cu-sod, cas3, il-8, cxcl, erα, crh, cyp17 and dio1) involved in antioxidation, apoptosis, immunity and endocrine were obviously altered in the combined exposure of MYC and THI compared to their individual exposures. Our findings hinted the threats when YMC and THI co-existed, which would be beneficial for the risk assessments of pesticide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Impact of Sex and Age on the Mevalonate Pathway in the Brain: A Focus on Effects Induced by Maternal Exposure to Exogenous Compounds. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080304. [PMID: 32722471 PMCID: PMC7463490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and other compounds crucial for numerous cellular processes. It is well known that age and sex modulate this pathway in the liver. Recently, similar effects were also noted in different brain areas, suggesting that alterations of the mevalonate pathway are at the root of marked sex-specific disparities in some neurodevelopmental disorders related to disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we show how the mevalonate pathway is modulated in a sex-, age- and region-specific manner, and how maternal exposure to exogenous compounds can disturb the regulation of this pathway in the brain, possibly inducing functional alterations.
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