1
|
Han L, Han M, Wang Y, Wang H, Niu J. Spatial and temporal characteristic of PM2.5 and influence factors in the Yellow River Basin. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1403414. [PMID: 39145183 PMCID: PMC11322098 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Yellow River Basin has been instrumental in advancing ecological preservation and fostering national high-quality development. However, since the advent of China's reform and opening-up policies, the basin has faced severe environmental pollution issues. This study leverages remote sensing data from 1998 to 2019. As per the "Basin Scope and Its Historical Changes" published by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Yellow River Basin is categorized into upstream, midstream, and downstream regions for analysis of their spatial and temporal distribution traits using spatial autocorrelation methods. Additionally, we employed probes to study the effects of 10 factors, including mean surface temperature and air pressure, on PM2.5. The study findings reveal that (1) the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the Yellow River Basin exhibited a fluctuating trend from 1998 to 2019, initially increasing, then decreasing, followed by another increase before ultimately declining. (2) The air quality in the Yellow River Basin is relatively poor, making it challenging for large-scale areas with low PM2.5 levels to occur. (3) The PM2.5 concentration in the Yellow River Basin exhibits distinct high and low-value concentration areas indicative of air pollution. Low-value areas are predominantly found in the sparsely populated central and southwestern plateau regions of Inner Mongolia, characterized by a better ecological environment. In contrast, high-value areas are prevalent in the inland areas of Northwest China, with poorer natural conditions, as well as densely populated zones with high energy demand and a relatively developed economy. (4) The overall population density in the Yellow River Basin, as well as in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions, serves as a primary driving factor. (5) The primary drivers in the middle reaches and the entire Yellow River Basin remain consistent, whereas those in the upper and lower reaches have shifted. In the upstream, air pressure emerges as a primary driver of PM2.5, while in the downstream, NDVI and precipitation become the main influencing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Han
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Zhang M, Niu J, Zheng X. Spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of PM 2.5 in central China and modeling of driving factors based on MGWR: a case study of Henan Province. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1295468. [PMID: 38115845 PMCID: PMC10728471 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1295468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the twenty-first century, China's economy has grown at a high or moderate rate, and air pollution has become increasingly severe. The study was conducted using data from remote sensing observations between 1998 and 2019, employing the standard deviation ellipse model and spatial autocorrelation analysis, to explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 in Henan Province. Additionally, a multiscale geographically weighted regression model (MGWR) was applied to explore the impact of 12 driving factors (e.g., mean surface temperature and CO2 emissions) on PM2.5 concentration. The research revealed that (1) Over a period of 22 years, the yearly mean PM2.5 concentrations in Henan Province demonstrated a trend resembling the shape of the letter "M", and the general trend observed in Henan Province demonstrated that the spatial center of gravity of PM2.5 concentrations shifted toward the north. (2) Distinct spatial clustering patterns of PM2.5 were observed in Henan Province, with the northern region showing a primary concentration of spatial hot spots, while the western and southern areas were predominantly characterized as cold spots. (3) MGWR is more effective than GWR in unveiling the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors at various scales, thereby making it a more appropriate approach for investigating the driving mechanisms behind PM2.5 concentration. (4) The results acquired from the MGWR model indicate that there are varying degrees of spatial heterogeneity in the effects of various factors on PM2.5 concentration. To summarize the above conclusions, the management of the atmospheric environment in Henan Province still has a long way to go, and the formulation of relevant policies should be adapted to local conditions, taking into account the spatial scale effect of the impact of different influencing factors on PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingcheng Zhang
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi S, Wang W, Li X, Hang Y, Lei J, Kan H, Meng X. Optimizing modeling windows to better capture the long-term variation of PM 2.5 concentrations in China during 2005-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158624. [PMID: 36089041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Including data of different time intervals during model development influences the predicting accuracy of PM2.5 but has not been widely discussed. Therefore, we included modeling data with multiple time windows to identify optimized modeling time windows for capturing the long-term variation of PM2.5 in China during 2005-2019. In general, we incorporated PM2.5 measurements, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological parameters, land use data, and other predictors to train random forest models. The study period was separated into two phases (2013-2019 and 2005-2012) according to the availability of PM2.5 measurements. First, we trained models with two strategies of choosing time windows to compare model performance in predicting PM2.5 from 2013 to 2019, when measurements were available. Strategy 1a (ST1a) refers to training one model with all available data, and Strategy 1b (ST1b) refers to training multiple models each with one-year data. Second, we trained models with additional ten strategies (ST2a-ST2j) based on data from different time windows during 2013-2019 to compare the accuracy in predicting PM2.5 before 2013, when measurements were unavailable. The internal and external cross-validation (CV) indicated that the model performance of ST1b was better than ST1a. Predictions based on ST1a tended to underestimate PM2.5 levels in 2013 and 2014 when PM2.5 concentrations were high, and overestimate after 2017 when PM2.5 dropped dramatically. The external CV of predicting historical PM2.5 was the most robust in ST2i (averaged predictions from two models developed by 2013 and 2014 data, respectively). Models with data closer to historical years and PM2.5 levels performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 concentrations. Our results suggested that training models with data of current-years performed better during 2013-2019, and with data of 2013 and 2014 performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 before 2013 in China. The comparison provided evidence for choosing optimized time windows when predicting long-term PM2.5 concentrations in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Hang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Yang Z, Han B, Yang W, Duan Y, Fu Q, Bai Z. A unified empirical modeling approach for particulate matter and NO 2 in a coastal city in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134384. [PMID: 35337823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modeling air pollutants on a fine spatiotemporal scale is necessary for health studies that focus on critical short-term exposure windows. A unified empirical modeling approach is useful for health studies; however, it is unclear whether this approach can be used in a coastal city for air pollutants driven by local emissions and regional meteorological factors. An advanced empirical modeling approach was used to develop exposure models from October 2012 to December 2019, for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the coastal city of Shanghai, China. Air pollutant concentrations were obtained from daily measurements at 55 administrative monitoring sites that were integrated into three-day average concentrations. Data on a large array of geographic variables were collected, and their dimensions were reduced using the partial least squares regression method. A geostatistical model using the land-use regression approach in a universal kriging framework was developed to estimate short-term exposure concentrations. The prediction ability of the models were determined by leave-one (site)-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and external validation (EV). Compared to the LOOCV results, the EV results for PM2.5 and PM10 were consistently reliable, but the EV for NO2 had a larger root mean squared error. The temporal random effects involved in the model structure were interpreted using sensitivity analyses. This affected the short-term PM2.5 and PM10 model predictions. This unified empirical modeling approach was successfully used for particulate matter in Shanghai, where air pollution is affected by complex regional and meteorological conditions. These exposure models are going to be applied for making exposure predictions at residential locations for short-term exposure predictions in the "Growth trajectories and air pollution" (GAAP) study in Shanghai that focuses on maternal and early life exposure to air pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhenchun Yang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yusen Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Huang C, Hu J, Wang M. Development of high-resolution spatio-temporal models for ambient air pollution in a metropolitan area of China from 2013 to 2019. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132918. [PMID: 34798111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modeling high-resolution air pollution concentrations is essential to accurately assess exposure for population studies. The aim of this study is to establish an advanced exposure model to predict spatiotemporal changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), and ozone (O3) concentrations in Shanghai, China. The model is constructed on a geo-statistical modeling framework that incorporates a dimension reduction regression approach and a spatial smoothing function to deal with fine-scale exposure variations. We used a dataset with comprehensive observational and predictor variables that included monitoring data from both national and local agencies from 2013 to 2019, a high-resolution geographical dataset of predictor variables, and a full-coverage weekly satellite data of the aerosol optical depth at a 1 × 1 km2 resolution. Our model performed well in terms of the spatial and temporal prediction ability assessed by cross-validation (CV) for PM2.5 (spatial R2 = 0.89, temporal R2 = 0.91), NO2 (R2 = 0.49, 0.78), and O3 (R2 = 0.67, 0.81) at the national monitors over seven years according to the leave-one-out CV. For the predictions at the local agency monitoring stations, the overall CV R2 was between 0.77 and 0.89 across the air pollutants. We visualized the long-term and seasonal averaged predictions of the PM2.5, NO2, and O3 exposure on maps with a spatial resolution of 100 × 100 m2. Our study provides a useful tool to accurately estimate air pollution exposure with high spatial and temporal resolution at the urban scale. These model predictions will be useful to assess both short-term and long-term air pollution exposure for health studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Conghong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Machine Learning-Based Ensemble Framework for Forecasting PM2.5 Concentrations in Puli, Taiwan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forecasting of PM2.5 concentration is a global concern. Evidence has shown that the ambient PM2.5 concentrations are harmful to human health, climate change, plant species mortality, etc. PM2.5 concentrations are caused by natural and anthropogenic activities, and it is challenging to predict them due to many uncertain factors. Current research has focused on developing a new model while overlooking the fact that every single model for PM2.5 prediction has its own strengths and weaknesses. This paper proposes an ensemble framework which combines four diverse learning models for PM2.5 forecasting in Puli, Taiwan. It explores the synergy between parametric and non-parametric learning, and short-term and long-term learning. The feature set covers periodic, meteorological, and autoregression variables which are selected by a spiral validation process. The experimental dataset, spanning from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019, from Puli Township in central Taiwan, is used in this study. The experimental results show the proposed multi-model framework can synergize the advantages of the embedded models and obtain an improved forecasting result. Further, the benefit obtained by blending short-term learning with long-term learning is validated, in surpassing the performance obtained by using just single type of learning. Our multi-model framework compares favorably with deep-learning models on Puli dataset. It also shows high adaptivity, such that our multi-model framework is comparable to the leading methods for PM2.5 forecasting in Delhi, India.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu J, Deng F, Zhao J, Zheng H. Attention-based parallel networks (APNet) for PM 2.5 spatiotemporal prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145082. [PMID: 33485205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban particulate matter forecast is an important part of air pollution early warning and control management, especially the forecast of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the existing PM2.5 concentration prediction methods cannot effectively capture the complex nonlinearity of PM2.5 concentration, and most of them cannot accurately simulate the temporal and spatial dependence of PM2.5 concentration at the same time. In this paper, we propose an attention-based parallel network (APNet), which can extract short-term and long-term temporal features simultaneously based on the attention-based CNN-LSTM multilayer structure to predict PM2.5 concentration in the next 72 h. Firstly, the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC) is designed for spatiotemporal correlation analysis, fully considering the linearity, non-linearity and non-functionality between the data of each monitoring station. The potential inherent features of the input data are effectively extracted through the convolutional neural network (CNN). Then, an optimized long short-term memroy (LSTM) network captures the short-term mutations of the time series. An attention mechanism is further designed for the proposed model, which automatically assigns different weights to different feature states at different time stages to distinguish their importance, and can achieve precise temporal and spatial interpretability. In order to further explore the long-term time features, we propose a Bi-LSTM parallel module to extract the periodic characteristics of PM2.5 concentration from both previous and posterior directions. Experimental results based on a real-world dataset indicates that the proposed model outperforms other existing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, evaluations of recall (0.790), precision (0.848) (threshold: 151 μg/m3) for 72 h prediction also verify the feasibility of our proposed model. The methodology can be used for predicting other multivariate time series data in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Deng
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Jiachen Zhao
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forecasting the Concentration of Particulate Matter in the Seoul Metropolitan Area Using a Gaussian Process Model. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143845. [PMID: 32660163 PMCID: PMC7412375 DOI: 10.3390/s20143845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the population of Seoul has been affected by particulate matter in the atmosphere. This problem can be addressed by developing an elaborate forecasting model to estimate the concentration of fine dust in the metropolitan area. We present a forecasting model of the fine dust concentration with an extended range of input variables, compared to existing models. The model takes inputs from holistic perspectives such as topographical features on the surface, chemical sources of the fine dusts, traffic and the human activities in sub-areas, and meteorological data such as wind, temperature, and humidity, of fine dust. Our model was evaluated by the index-of-agreement (IOA) and the root mean-squared error (RMSE) in predicting PM2.5 and PM10 over three subsequent days. Our model variations consist of linear regressions, ARIMA, and Gaussian process regressions (GPR). The GPR showed the best performance in terms of IOA that is over 0.6 in the three-day predictions.
Collapse
|